Grill Joseph Evgenievich biography. Baku - Russian Jewish encyclopedia

The areas next to the Ring Road, said the future candidate for President of the Russian Federation, can almost not be used for Agriculture, “since there is a road nearby.” And also, the state farm general director noted, a lot of housing is being built nearby, so seedlings are “disappearing with terrible force.”
http://www.sovsekretno.ru/articles/id/5823

So, no matter how much Grudinin avoids answering direct questions, it is no secret to anyone who is “dining” Grudinin. And if someone else expects that he will “dance” the candidate, then it is in vain - only the one who will “dance” him " had dinner."
And if enough naive citizens vote for the candidate and, God forbid, he becomes the governor of the Moscow Region, then the entire Moscow region will be “dancing” and not in the rhythm of a waltz.

But in order for naive suckers to vote more actively for the “red” candidate, they are fed a mossy program with carrots that set the teeth on edge for communism and socialism. And some are even promised “Donbass to Russia”.

And everyone knows that “promising does not mean getting married,” but they want to believe in utopia so much that they are ready to give up the entire Moscow region for a complete dance.

For many, Irina Agalarova is a symbol of a successful woman. And it’s not surprising: living with one husband for so many years, supporting him at the beginning of his career, raising two wonderful children. And at the same time, not to be “exposed” to any scandal. You also need to look for an oligarch who has lived with one wife for so many years without succumbing to the temptation to have a young passion. Of course, this is entirely due to Irina Iosifovna. Her wisdom, ability to rebuild, value her relationships.

Irina Iosifovna Grill was born in Baku. Her blood, as she herself says, is a mixture of many nationalities, but Azerbaijani culture is closer to her. Irina graduated from school in Baku, and then entered pedagogical institute to the linguistic faculty. After graduation, she worked as a school teacher. Irina met her future husband Araz Agalarov at school, where they studied together. After school, their paths diverged for a short time - Araz studied at Polytechnic University. But in their final year, the lovers finally got married.

Double move

In 1979, the couple had a son, Emin. Araz was working at a research institute when, in 1983, work forced his family to move to Moscow. Irina was not at a loss in her new place and began teaching. And things just went uphill for my husband. He founded his own company and at first did everything he could. Before the collapse of the USSR, he and his father-in-law founded the Crocus Group company. The unstable political and economic situation in the country forces the Agalarovs to move to the United States. Moreover, two children were already growing up in the family (in 1987 the couple had a daughter, Sheila), and the parents began to think about their further education.

During the ten years spent abroad, Irina began to help her husband run a development business. The children received a good education: Emin studied in Switzerland after the USA, Leila graduated from the American school of fashion and design. When the children grew up, Irina began to fly home more often. Business required that Araz be constantly present in Moscow. This is how Irina Iosifovna turned the American page of her life. But her daughter Leila remained in the states, to whom Irina often flies. Emin’s son returned to Moscow and took the position of vice president in his father’s business.

Busy life

Now Irina lives in two countries. In Moscow she has boutiques of designer fur coats and beauty salons. Also, together with her daughter Sheila, Irina has a real estate business in the USA. Agalarova takes care of her grandchildren - twins Ali and Makail - the sons of Emin and Leyla Aliyeva. She can often be found on fashion shows, and at the concerts of her son Emin she is the main listener.

BAKU, city, capital of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Izv. from 3rd century n. e. From the 12th century - the center of the state of Shirvan, later - as part of Persia, from 1747 - the center of the Baku Khanate, in 1806 occupied by the Russians. troops. Since 1813 - part of Russia. empire, from 1840 - a district city of the Caspian region, from 1846 - Shemakha province, in 1859-1918 - the center of Baku province. In 1918-20 - the capital of the Azerbaijan Republic, in 1920-91 - the AzSSR. In 1897, 2,341 Jews lived in Bulgaria (mainly Mountain Jews), in 1913 - 9,690 (4.5%), in 1926 - 21,995 (of of them 19,583 are Ashkenazis, 1985 are Mountain Jews, 427 are Georgian Jews), in 1939 - 31,050, in 1959 - 29,204 (3%), in 1970 - 29,716 (2.2%), in 1979 - 26,446 ( 1.7%), in 1989 - 22,826 Ashkenazi Jews and 8,438 Mountain Jews. In 1990, during archaeological research. excavations at hand. R. Geyushov discovered the remains of the Jewish quarter and the Shabran synagogue of the 7th century. The first written mentions of Jews in Bulgaria date back to the middle. 13th century The existence of a Jewish community in Bulgaria was noted in the 18th century. In 1814, the Jews of Byelorussia fled to Cuba to escape the pogrom provoked by the “blood libel.” Later, some of them returned. The community during these years was led by Bro. Abraham and Ephraim ben Yosef. There was a synagogue in the house of one of the brothers. Since 1810, Ashkenazis began to settle in Byelorussia. The first Ashkenazi synagogue was opened in 1832. Since 1827, Kurdish Jews settled in B., and from the 1870s. - Georgian Jews. In the 1830s. in B. there was a Jewish cemetery. In the 1870s a synagogue of artisans was opened. Since the 1870s. In connection with the growth of oil production, the number of the Jewish population of Bashkortostan also increased. Industrial pioneers. oil production in Belarus were G.A. Polyak (founder of the company “Polyak and Sons”), A. Dembo and H. Kagan (creators of the company “Dembo and Kagan”), G. O. Ginzburg, A. Feigel and other Jews -entrepreneurs. The Rothschilds played a prominent role in the development of oil production (they founded the Caspian-Black Sea Company and by the end of the 19th century occupied a leading position in the syndicate of oil industrialists). In 1901 in the administration oil companies and the company employed 64 Jews. 14 Jewish-led companies in 1913 produced 44% of kerosene in Russia. Means. Chemist-technologist A. Beilin contributed to improving the technology of refining Baku oil. In 1888, during the fair, Jews were evicted from Baku by order of the authorities. In 1897, there were 2 Jewish cemeteries in Baku, probably at the same time the chevra kadisha arose. In 1893, the activities of Jewish charities began. about-va (approved by the administration in 1905). In 1901, “Ashkenazi prayer” was opened. house with a Hasidic prayer house”, in 1910 - Great Synagogue. Georgian and Mountain Jews living in B. prayed in their own synagogues, not registered by the authorities, in addition, in the con. 19th century in the suburb of B. - Sabunchi there was a synagogue of Mountain Jews, and in the beginning. 20th century a synagogue was built for them in the city center. Since 1905, the rabbi of the Mountain Jewish community was Efraim Rabinovich. In Bulgaria there were also synagogues of Kurdish (closed in 1939) and Georgian Jews. There were cheders, in which teaching was conducted in Yiddish, Jewish-Tat and cargo. language In 1896, the Talmud Torah was opened, headed by F.L. Shapiro in 1913-20, male in 1898, female in 1901. Saturday schools for adults (the director of the latter is S.A. Bernshtein). In the 1910s In B. there was a Mountain Jewish department of Talmud Torah (teacher M. Sheinerman), a school for Georgian Jews, a Jewish library, and a literary and music library. circle, departments of OPE and Society of Jewish Language Lovers; Until 1920 there was a Jewish gymnasium. In the 1890s. Jewish children's office is open. garden (one of the first in Russia; H. Rovina worked in it in 1914-15). In con. 1900s Literary drama was organized in B. circle named after Sholom Aleichem (dir. I.L. Presman). In 1900-20 the rabbi of B. was Lev Moiseevich Berger, in the middle. 1900s - Zvi-Hirsh Tsayman, in the 1910s. - Yehoshua Rubinstein. In 1898, in connection with a ritual libel, a pogrom occurred, 20 Jewish houses were damaged. From the end. 19th century B. is one of the centers of the Jewish national. movements: in 1891 the “Hovevei Zion” department was formed (since 1892 it was headed by the district doctor of the Baku district, epidemiologist Benzion-Zeev (Vladimir) Vainschel), in 1899 Eliyahu Kaplan created the first Zionist organization, later the “Poalei Zion” cell arose . In 1902, four representatives of B. participated in the work of the 2nd All-Russian. Zionist Conf. In Minsk . Eliyahu Eisenbet was a delegate from B. at the 6th World. Zionist Cong. in Basel (1903). In the beginning. 20th century In B., a department of OPE was founded, the founder of which was Adolf Arkadyevich Gukhman (1870-1914), deputy. manager of the Baku branch of the Caspian-Black Sea oil fields, one of the leaders of the Jewish community B. A number of Zionist organizations operated in Bulgaria. Youth. The “Young Judea” organization was headed by B.-Z. Weinschel’s son, Abraham (1893-?). Mn. Baku Jews actively participated in the activities of the Russian Federation. political parties. Among the 26 Baku commissars executed in 1918, there were 6 Jews (including M.V. Basin and Ya.D. Zevin). Jews were part of the government of Azerbaijan. Republic 1918-20 (among them the Minister of Health E.Ya. Gindes). In 1918-19, there was an influx of mountain Jews and refugees from villages in Bulgaria. In addition, refugees from Persia arrived. In 1919-34, the Shirvan synagogue operated. In 1917 it was published weekly in B. edited by I. Glachenhaus “Caucaser Vochenblat” (in Yiddish), in 1917-20 (with interruptions, edited by B.-Z. Vainschel) - weekly. “Caucasian Jewish Bulletin” (with the appendix “Palestine”), in 1919-20 - two weeks. “Jewish Will” (edited by Uriel Friedland and Ludwig Sterling), in 1919 - gas. “Tobushi Sabha” (in Jewish-Tat language), in 1919 - journal. (edited by M. Komarovsky) “Ha-Mevaser ha-Kavkazi” (in Hebrew). After the establishment of owls. authorities in Azerbaijan (April 1920) all independent Jewish publications were closed. In 1922 in B. in the Jewish-Tat language. gas was coming out. “Korsoh” (organ of the Caucasus Committee of the Jewish Communist Party and its youth organization). In the beginning. 1920s owls The authorities prevented the creation of a Bund organization in B., but at the same time clubs for Mountain Jewish youth and a Mountain Jewish school were created in the city, which were soon closed. In 1920, 2 Jewish men operated in B. student "Hasmonea" and "Maccabee" corporations and 2 wives. - “Sulamite” and “Deborah”. In the 1920-30s. Several books were published in B. books in Jewish-Tat language. In 1922, a trial was held in B. over 16 rabbis and “major Jewish speculators” - trustees of the secret cheder and Talmud Torah. Rabbi B. in the 1920s. was Savgil Ruvinov. All R. 1920s in E.-I. Rabbi of the Hasidic community Meyukhes left. In 1923 the old Ashkenazi synagogue was closed. Until 1928, illegal labor operated in Belarus. Zionist organization. In the 1920-30s. In Bashkortostan there were schools in Yiddish and the Jewish-Tat language. (closed by 1938; only in school No. 23 did Tat classes exist until 1948). In 1934-38 in Jewish-Tatar language. gas was coming out. “Communist”, worked the Mountain Jewish department. Azerbaijan gosizdat [head. Yakov Mikhailovich Agarunov (1907-1992) and Yuno Semenov (1899-1961)]. In 1932-36 the Baku Jewish working tr(BERT). In 1936-38, the Baku State performed in the building of the Great Synagogue, which was closed in 1934. Jewish t-r(AzGOSET, director Y. Fridman, artistic director V. Tseitlin). To the middle. 1930s Jewish society and cultural life in B. ceased. Ashkenazim prayed in the department. room of the Mountain Jews synagogue. By 1940, all synagogues were closed (including the Ashkenazi synagogue on Dimitrova Street; at the beginning of 1945, a Mountain synagogue was opened in this building). In 1939, the Krymchak synagogue and the kinassa, located in the same building, were closed. In 1937-38, the authorities expelled Kurdish Jews from Bulgaria who had Iranian citizenship (about 400 families); the remainder were deported in 1951 to Kazakhstan. In 1952, the synagogue of Kurdish Jews was closed (today, a kindergarten is located in the synagogue building). The number of Belgrade Jews increased sharply in 1941-42 due to evacuees from the West. regions of the USSR and other cities. In the 1940s the rabbi in B. was Leib-Arie Lengleben. In 1945 a synagogue was opened in B. (in common days it was attended by 30-40 people, on holidays - 400-450), Rabbi Samano Agaruevich Samamduev (1893-?) also performed the duties of a mohel and shochet. In 1947, Georgian and Ashkenazi synagogues were opened in B., located in the same building. Since 1969, in the Ashkenazi synagogue on the street. Karganov began to bake matzo (previously it was baked in a state bakery). In 1966, the rabbi of the Mountain Jews, Rabbi Yehuda, died in Bashkortostan. In 1970, G.I. Mizrahi, deputy, became the rabbi of the Mountain Jews synagogue. prev board of the synagogue - Samuel Friedman (since 1971). In 1973, a new Jewish cemetery was opened in the region Wolf Gate(common for Mountain, Georgian and Ashkenazi Jews). In the beginning. 1970s flour for baking matzo was sold in the state. store, dir. who was M.D. Shakhnovich. In 1975, authorities closed the baking of matzah by Ashkenazi Jews in the Armenian Quarter. In 1976, the rabbi of the Mountain Jews was Rabbi Benjamin, who at the same time. performed the duties of shochet and mohel. Rabbi Shilat and Rabbi Bilo were also rabbis (b. 1914, descendant rabbi, was involved in the affairs of hevra kadishi, until the death of his father, Rabbi Yehuda, he worked as a postman). In 1987, legal Hebrew courses were opened in B. (official director: Vladimir ( Zeev) Farber, since 1989 - in Israel), in 1989 - the Jewish culture club "Aleph", the publication of small-circulation information began. newsletter “Shalom-Sholem-Sholumi”. In 1990, the Society of Friendship and cultural relations“Azerbaijan - Israel” (since 1992, printed organ - Aziz newspaper). Since 1991, a representative office of the Jewish Agency and an embassy of the State of Israel have been opened in Bulgaria; women were established and youth. Jewish organizations, Collection of Jews- veterans of the 2nd world. war, Association of Judaic Studies and Jewish Culture. Teacher P.A. Kalik (1923-1995) took an active part in the life of the community. In the 1990s. Ashkenazi and Sephardic synagogues began operating in Bulgaria, and a yeshiva was opened in 1994. All R. 1990s Hebrew was taught at the university and two schools. schools, there were also Hebrew courses. In 1994, according to the Jewish Agency, there were approximately 1,000 people living in Bulgaria. 26 thousand Jews. In B. born: M.V.Abramovich, Sh.Avitsur, M.Black, L.M.Weissenberg, E.G.Vitorgan, V.Ya.Wulf, A.V.Galperin, A L.L. Galperin, M.A. Gaiman, M.M. Gukhman, M.A. Dalin, L.G. Zorin, T.S. Izrailov, B.Z. Karpilova, G.K. Kasparov, A.M. Katz, V.S. Klupt, V.D. Konen, L.D. Landau, S.S. Levin, I.L. Lisnyanskaya, D.K. Motolskaya, A.M., V.E. Khain, I.P. Tsukervanik, D.A. Chernomordikov, L.K. Shifrin, G.B. Eidinov; Mikhail Yakovlevich Agarunov (b. 1936), petroleum scientist, prof. (1998), society. activist, publicist, author of the book. on the history of Mountain Jews, compiled by Tat-Russian. dictionary, son of Y.M. Agarunov; Margarita Aleksandrovna Barskaya-Chardynina (1903-1939, Moscow), actress, film director; Max Black (b. 1909), American. philosopher, since 1958 previous Amer. Philosopher associations; Evgeny Lvovich Voiskunsky (b. 1922), writer, author of stories and novels, dedicated. marine theme; Rakhil Solomonovna Ginzburg (b. 1920), actress, honored. art. AzSSR (1964); Iosif Evgenievich Gril (b. 1945), lawyer, entrepreneur, pres. Epos Foundation, prev. Board of Trustees of the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia; Lev Lazarevich Gruber (b. 1923), actor, people. art. AzSSR (1987), since 1989 - in Israel; Grigory Efimovich Gurvich (1957-1999, Israel), director, founder (in 1989) of the t-ra-cabaret " Bat", author and host of the television program "Old Apartment"; Alexander Adolfovich Gukhman (1897-1991, Moscow), thermophysicist, prof. (1934), Doctor of Mathematics. Sciences (1941), author of works on the theory of similarity, son of A.A. Gukhman; Alexander Valentinovich Dadiani (b. 1958), entrepreneur, member. Board of Trustees of the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia; Efim Ilyich Levit (1909-1991, Moscow), teacher, colonel, military in 1936-41. hands 2nd Artillery School of Moscow, among the graduates were V.L. Govorov, S.A. Mikoyan, V.I. Stalin; Hasan Borisovich Mirzoev (b. 1947), lawyer, Doctor of Law. Sciences, prof., pres. Guilds grew. lawyers, head Department of Advocacy Moscow. international legal Institute of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation, since 1999 - dep. State Duma Federal Assembly RF, member factions of the Union of Right Forces.; Nathan Lvovich Fishman (1909-1987, Moscow), musicologist, Doctor of Art (1968), author of works on the work of L. Beethoven; Naum Shakbasov (b. 1899), American. artist.

Falcons of Zhirinovsky

My childhood friend, Joseph Grill, about whom I have written more than once in this book (remember, he bought glasses from us at the Central Telegraph in Moscow) became vice president of the thriving company Crocus International. This company was one of the publishers of the “Russian Jewish Encyclopedia” and on title page The encyclopedia indicates the name of the Director of the Board of Trustees, Joseph Grill, and in the board itself, along with the names of Bystritskaya, Magomayev and others, my last name is also indicated, as Joseph said, for the sake of quantity. From this encyclopedia you can find out that Primakov is a Jew (according to the laws of Judaism, if a person has a Jewish mother, then this person is a Jew), Sergei Gerasimov, Alla Pugacheva and many others are Jews, of whom you would not even think that they are Jews.

(I can’t help but remember the joke.

The Georgian asks the boy:

- Boy, who are you?

– Wow, so small and already a Jew?!)

Fellow screenwriters told me:

– You see, Tolya, this is a provocation! This encyclopedia is a guide for possible pogromists... How could you take part in it?

I told Joseph about this.

“Nonsense,” said Joseph, “the selection of names for the encyclopedia was carried out by the Israeli encyclopedic committee, headed by rabbi so-and-so (I don’t remember the last name, but I saw this man. He is a giant with a gray biblical beard, dressed in black, like all Orthodox and head full.) It turns out that he is a provocateur?

And so, they once invited me to a live broadcast at a radio station, and after the broadcast the editor asked if I had any interesting friends whom I would recommend to her as a guest on such an interactive broadcast. I suggested Joseph Grill to her, said that he could talk about this encyclopedia and it seemed to me that people would want to call him and express their opinion to him... The editor called Joseph and they agreed on the day of the transfer. At the appointed time I turned on the receiver.

Joseph talked about the encyclopedia, and then people started calling and the questions were mostly like for Iokanaan Marusidze: please tell me, is such and such a Jew? But this one is also a Jew?

Joseph answered conscientiously, sometimes looking at the encyclopedia he had taken with him. Someone asked Joseph about Zhirinovsky and then Joseph allowed himself to think a little. He said that Zhirinovsky, of course, is a Jew, his name is rightfully listed in the encyclopedia, but the fact that Zhirinovsky is embarrassed to talk about his nationality, they will come up with something about a lawyer, this does not do him honor...

– You shouldn’t be ashamed of your nation, dear Vladimir Volfovich, I really hope that you hear me now and change your attitude towards this issue...

He said something like this. And I immediately called the radio station and told the girl who answered the calls:

– Tell this goat: we heard it all – Zhirinovsky’s falcons are waiting for him at the exit from the radio station!

After the end of the broadcast, about five minutes later, I called the radio station again and asked to call Joseph Evgenievich.

I wanted to reveal the secret of the call from “Zhirinovsky’s falcons”.

-Who is asking him? – the same girl asked me.

“His friend,” I said.

- What is your name?

I identified myself and realized that security measures had been strengthened at the radio station.

“I didn’t think I’d find you already, I had a hard time getting through,” I said as soon as Joseph picked up the phone. - It was a good show...

“It would have worked out if it weren’t for these LDPR scum,” Joseph told me. -They’re waiting for me at the exit with baseball bats, can you imagine? But I didn’t say anything special, you heard, it turns out that you can’t even open your mouth! Well, it’s okay, now security will come from Crocus for me, 2 jeeps, just let them show up...

So I realized that revealing the secret of the “falcons” no longer made sense. Let it be better believed that the “falcons” retreated shamefully as soon as they saw the thugs from Crocus.