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Fauna: domestic and wild animals. Topic of the week: “Animal world (domestic and wild animals)

Wild and domestic animals

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Summary of the final lesson in senior group on the topic of:

Wild and domestic animals

Target: Enrich children's understanding of animals. Note characteristic features animals. Clarify that each animal needs housing, food, warmth, and a certain habitat. To develop children's interest in living nature and emotional responsiveness. Be able to distinguish different animals by their characteristic features.

Wild and domestic animals.

Target : Enrich children's understanding of animals. Note the characteristic features of animals. Clarify that each animal needs housing, food, warmth, and a certain habitat. To develop children's interest in living nature and emotional responsiveness. Be able to distinguish different animals by their characteristic features.

Progress of the lesson:

- Guys, can anyone tell me what time of year it is? (winter)

What month? (January). Please prove to me that it is winter now. (The children say that it is cold outside, there is snow, the children are wearing fur coats, hats, felt boots and mittens).

There is a knock on the door. A small bunny appears.

Guys, an amazing baby came to visit us. But why are you so sad and tearful? What's happened?

(The bunny tells the children that he was lost, and since he is still small, he forgot who he is and what his mother is like. He only remembers that his name is Stepashka.)

Guys, how can we help Stepashka? First you need to figure out who he is. Who do you guys think he is? (Little Bunny)

Well done guys, tell Stepashka who he is. (Children communicate with the bunny, tell him who he is.)

The little hare is happy, thanks the children, but then again he is upset, because he does not know who his mother is and where he lives.

Stepashka, you sit on the chair, and the guys and I will try to help you. Guys, I’ll tell you riddles now, and you guess who it is.

1. I jump here and there

Cleverly through the trees

Never empty

I have a storage room.

(squirrel)

2. Prowls through the forest day and night,

Day and night he searches for prey,

He walks - he wanders silently,

The ears are gray and erect.

(wolf)

3. What kind of Christmas tree is this?

This is a living Christmas tree

In gray clothes

Walks along the path.

(hedgehog)

4. Mustachioed muzzle

The back is striped

Squints his eyes

Fairy tales purr.

(cat)

5. Small stature

A long tail,

Collects crumbs

Hiding from the cat.

(mouse)

6. Barks loudly in the yard

Resting in a kennel

Guards the master's house

And wags its tail at us.

(dog)

7. I wasn’t in the store,

I wasn’t at the market

And I came home

I brought milk.

Milk for anyone?

To his owner.

(cow)

8. Redhead with a bushy tail

Lives in the forest under a bush.

(fox)

9. In winter - white,

In summer – gray.

(hare)

10. Tail with a ring

Lives under the porch

Friendly with a person

The house is guarded.

(dog)

11. Long ear, white belly,

Jumps deftly and loves carrots.

(hare)

Well done, you guessed the riddles about everyone. Guys, who knows how to call everyone in one word? (animals)

What are the characteristics of animals? (paws, hooves, horns, tail, fur)

Guys, here are the cards, choose those that relate to animals.

So, we were convinced that our Stepashka was an animal, and he remembered it. But he doesn’t know where he lives. (children's answers: in the forest, in the clearing, in the meadow)

That's right, the bunny lives in the forest. What are the names of the animals that live in the forest? (wild)

Guys, we have a “wonderful book”, let’s open it and find wild animals in it and introduce Stepashka to them. (Children with a teacher find wild animals in the book, look at them and show the bunny his mother.)

Guys, but the bunny still doesn’t know that in addition to wild animals, there are also animals that live next to a person’s house. What are these animals called? (domestic)

Let's introduce Stepashka to pets, find them in the book. (Looking at pets)

Guys, do you think all animals take care of themselves: build their own housing, get food? (No, not all. Pets cannot take care of themselves; humans take care of them.)

That's right, a person takes care of his domestic animals, builds a home for them: a barn for a cow, a pigsty for a pig, a stable for a horse, a kennel for a dog.

Guys, let's tell Stepashka how people care for their pets. (They feed and water)

For this, domestic animals help a person in life: a cow gives milk, a cat catches mice, a horse carries loads, a dog guards the house.

Physical education minute

Guys, we introduced the bunny to the life of pets. Do you think wild animals in the forest have homes where they live? (different answers from children)

We have a magical car, I suggest you guys get into it with the bunny and drive into the forest. In the forest, see which wild animal has which house. Perhaps we will meet our bunny's mother there.

While we are going into the forest, I will tell you more about the birth little bunny. (teacher's story about a bunny - leaf faller)

So we arrived in the forest. Look how beautiful it is all around, what big trees. Now look around and remember what wild animal lives where. Each animal has its own home in the forest, only these houses are all different, where it is convenient for each: a fox - in a hole, a bear - in a den, a hedgehog - in a hole, a squirrel - in a hollow.

Guys, look how many different tracks there are in the snow. Where do you think you went? wild animals, were they walking? (no, they were looking for food)

Wild animals get their own food, no one cares about them. What do wild animals eat?

Bunny - grass, bark; squirrel – mushrooms, nuts; fox - mice; wolf - game.

Guys, look at these tracks, they resemble the tracks of a bunny. Surely a hare was running here - a mother in search of her little bunny. Let's leave him on this path, the little hare - his mother will come back and find him. Let's say goodbye to the bunny, wish him a happy winter in the forest and not get lost again. After all, now he knows who he is, where he lives and who his mother is.

Now, guys, let's get into our car and go home. (children express their impressions of the forest)

Guys, I want you to draw pictures as a souvenir of our trip and depict what you remember most.

Literature:

V. N. Volchkova, N. V. Stepanova “Development and education of preschool children”;

Magazine "Child in kindergarten» No. 6-2001

1. Underline the names of wild animals with a green pencil, and domestic animals with a red pencil.

2. Which animal is the odd one out in each row? Circle. Explain (orally) your decision.)

In the top row, all the animals are wild, and the dog is domestic.

In the bottom row, all the animals are domestic, but the bear is wild.

3. These riddles are offered to you by the dog Ryzhik, who has many friends among his pets. Guess the riddles. Cut out the guessing pictures from the Appendix and paste them into the appropriate frames.

4. Fill out the table. Give at least three examples in each column

5. Play a game-competition: who can name the most wild animals. Follow the rule: the one who makes a mistake (names a pet) is out of the game. The winners in the groups compete with each other, following the same rule.

Wild animals: bear, wolf, lion, giraffe, badger, raccoon, otter, hare, squirrel, hedgehog, tiger, zebra, leopard, wombat, lynx, saiga, marmot, fox, kangaroo, deer, mouse, turtle, koala, orangutan , panda, porcupine, antelope, lemur, elk, cheetah, hippopotamus, monkey.

6. The Wise Turtle loves to travel and knows the animals of distant countries well. Complete her task.
There are many amazing animals in the world. Here are some of them. What are their names? Sign using reference words.

7. Here you can write down fairy tale story about a wild or domestic animal, invented according to the instructions of the textbook.

One day an evil bear stole spring. He did not want to wake up and wished that all year round it was winter. All the animals were afraid of the bear, and no one could go to him and rescue spring. Only little chipmunk made his way into the bear’s den and took the spring.
Only the bear woke up and chased the chipmunk and scratched him on the back with its terrible claws. But the chipmunk ran away anyway and brought back spring. Now all chipmunks have three black stripes on their backs - a memory of the bear's blow. Chipmunks are very brave animals.

Wild animals are those representatives of the fauna that live in their natural environment. Wild animals are different from domestic ones appearance, behavioral characteristics and nutrition.

Unlike animals such as cats, dogs, cows, pigs and others, which humans tamed many centuries ago and made their assistants, wild animals have a slightly different type of perception of danger and motivation to explore the object of danger - humans. Representatives developed a cautious attitude towards people and fear of them wild fauna over the centuries.

Therefore, representatives of Homo sapience are often perceived by many wild animals as . The ability of wild animals to live alongside humans depends on large quantity factors. Many species of wild animals living for a long time not far from a person, they may not express fear and aggression explicitly, but their behavior is poorly adapted to keeping such animals at home.

The differences between animals domesticated by humans in the process of evolution and wild animals, whose natural habitat is nature, lie in the biological characteristics of these animal species.

Researchers identify two main types of behavior of wild animals. There are “social” species of wild animals, i.e. individuals of this species live in families in territories that do not intersect with each other and, as a rule, are not protected. “Territorial” species of wild animals are distinguished by the fact that contact between individuals occurs mainly during the period of mating and courtship of offspring. The last type includes predators.

In addition, the diet differs between wild and domestic animals. The body of most species of wild animals is oriented towards a natural diet. When keeping a wild animal at home, various diseases and death can result from eating even a menu that is as close as possible to the natural menu for a given species of wild fauna. In order for wild animals at home to feel good, active and healthy, it is necessary to give them live food. , a variety of fruits and meat must be provided when feeding wild animals.

These differences between domestic animals and animals for which natural environment habitat is wild nature, and are the reason that keeping a wild animal at home is associated with many difficulties and great responsibility for the breeder.

They bring joy to people. Our forests are beautiful, you can admire the sunlit lawns, but how spiritual this beauty becomes when a powerful bison appears between the trees, the fiery red fur of a fox flashes, or a slender deer with spreading antlers jumps into a clearing, or a doe timidly looks out with her cub. How people need to protect this unsurpassed living nature!

Wildlife protection - a matter of paramount importance. Moreover, now people, armed with powerful technology, are increasingly penetrating the environment in which wild animals live and jeopardizing their existence. Determined that main reason death of many species of animals - changes environment influenced by human activity. Therefore, now such attention is paid to the issue of scientifically based protection of animals and the environment.

Proper management of agriculture, forestry and hunting, establishment of reserves and sanctuaries, nature reserves and national parks greatly contributes to the successful solution of this important issue. And the fact that today in 100 countries of the world there are more than 1,100 protected areas that occupy a huge area - more than 235 million hectares, which is 1.6% of all land globe, gives reason to hope that humanity will be able to preserve its “younger”, and at the same time “elder brothers” - animals. Contributes to the protection of the animal world and the international cooperation scientists various countries in the field of environmental protection, in particular animals.

For a long time aroused people's craving for beauty. The perfection of their forms, grace and strength of movements, variety and beauty of color contributed to the development of aesthetic feelings.
Animals attracted and sometimes frightened people, which aroused their unflagging interest. Because of their usefulness or because they threatened life and limb, animals became objects of religious worship. This is how the fetishization of animals arose, and in some places it has survived to this day.

Cult of wild animals

IN Ancient Egypt- herself ancient country agriculture - many animals were considered sacred. The cult of the sacred bull Apis, which was revered as the earthly incarnation of the god Ptah, the patron of arts and crafts, was very widespread. The priests cared for these animals in temples built for them, and after death they were embalmed, decorated with jewelry and buried in huge granite sarcophagi (over 60 tons in weight) in special crypts. In the ibis (birds of a number of leprosy-like birds), the Egyptians saw the incarnation of Thoth (originally the god of the Moon, and later the god of wisdom, patron of the sciences).
They were surrounded with great honor and Nile crocodiles: they were decorated precious jewelry, fed with selected food. The Egyptian cobra, or gaya, was considered a symbol of wisdom and power. If someone, even unintentionally, killed a cat - also a sacred animal, then he paid for it with his life. And almost every Egyptian wore images of a dung beetle - a scarab - carved from stone. After all, the fact that the beetle rolled balls of dung on which it feeds was identified with the movement of the Sun across the sky, and the god of the Sun was Ra - the main of all gods, the creator of the world.

The cult of the bull and cow was widespread in many Asian and European countries. Its remains can still be found in India. Not only do these animals roam the streets freely big cities, in some areas, during the holiday of the god Run, cows are washed, cleaned, sometimes decorated with flowers and placed in the bed of their owners, who at this time sleep in a barn on clean straw. In India, rhesus macaques are still considered sacred; there are so many of them there (up to 40 million) that they “harvest” a considerable share of the harvest from the fields. In Thailand, Laos, and India, white elephants (albinos) are sacred. Of the reptiles, the object of worship in India is the cobra or spectacled snake, and in some places in Northern Burma - King Cobra, one of the most dangerous venomous snakes.

Wild animals as national symbols

Some animals have become national symbol countries, their images are found on coats of arms and national flags. In the United States of America, the emblem is the bald eagle. The coat of arms of Guatemala features the quezal, a freedom-loving bird of wondrous beauty, and the coat of arms of New Zealand features the wingless kiwi bird. The coats of arms and state flags of Austria, Iran, Poland, Ethiopia, Sri Lanka and other countries depict eagles and lions as symbols of power.

The craving for nature has increased in our time, when many, living in major cities, involuntarily move away from her. Animals that differ from others in the features of their structure or behavior, stand out in size, body shape, color, movement, number, and their usefulness or harmfulness attract great attention.

Wildlife Sanctuaries

In our country, reserves play an important role, which are highest form protection of natural areas. Now there are about 120 of them, and in the coming years it is planned to organize at least 25 more reserves. Then their total area will be 12.5 thousand hectares. In addition, there are about 1.5 thousand more nature reserves and several national parks. It was mainly thanks to the activities of nature reserves and reserves that it was possible to preserve and restore the number of 18 very rare species animals and about 30 species of birds.

The fact that bison exist today and their herds already number hundreds of individuals is the merit of Belovezhsky, Prioksko-Terassky and Caucasian reserves. If the kulan is still preserved, then we have the Badkhiz Nature Reserve (Turkmenistan) to thank for this. The oldest of our reserves, Barguzinsky (the north-eastern coast of Lake Baikal), played a huge role in the significant increase in the number of sables.

From final destruction river beaver saved by the creation of the Voronezh Nature Reserve. The Khopersky Nature Reserve contributes to the conservation of the muskrat, a rare fur-bearing animal. The ancient saiga antelope is protected by the Barsa-Kelmes Nature Reserve (an island on the Aral Sea).

Sikhote-Alinsky and Lazovsky reserves - safe haven Ussuri tiger, sika deer and goral, Kandalaksha Nature Reserve - eider, a valuable northern duck, from which high-quality down is obtained.

Science in the wild

Ecological and environmental research in Ukraine in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR has been carried out since the first years of its existence, but they have acquired a special scale in Lately. Ukrainian biologists conduct ecological and biogeocenological research in republican reserves (Chernomorsky, Askania-Nova, Karpatsky, Polessky, etc.). With the development of zoological science, with the discovery of new species and a deep study of the organization and origin of animals, taxonomy was gradually improved, new systematic units were identified (even such large ones as types), and the sequence of placement of individual units in the system changed.

Modern system is natural because it reflects the relationship of organisms and certain stages of their historical development.
Types in the natural system are placed in ascending, progressive order, from simple to complex, since this principle makes it possible to reflect the main stages of evolution organic world.

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Species of wild animals

Lesson topic: Wild and domestic animals.

Target: give an idea of wild and domestic animals, their similarities and differences, show the diversity of domestic animals, their importance for humans.

Subject results:

know which animals are called wild and which are domestic (give definitions);

distinguish between wild and domestic animals;

give examples of wild and domestic animals;

talk about the importance of pets for humans.

Meta-subject results:

Master the actions of analysis, classification, attribution to known concepts;

answer simple and complex questions;

use text information and independently prepared drawings to prepare answers to questions;

accept and maintain lesson objectives;

carry out self-checks and mutual checks, monitor success educational activities, if necessary, make adjustments;

answer final questions and evaluate your achievements in class.

interact in pairs and groups to solve educational problems;

Personal results:

Recognize the importance of domestic animals for humans, for their Everyday life.

Equipment: cards with the words “animals”, “wild”, “domesticated”, “who feeds”, “who builds”, “who cares”, “beasts”, “birds”, “fish”, “insects”, “wolf”, “benefits”, “communication”, “materials”, “food”, “help”; pictures of animals: cow, hedgehog, fox, squirrel, pig, bear, horse, hare; items for the bag: egg, mitten, belt, feather, students have arrows made of colored paper.

Organizational moment

Stand up straight, straighten your shoulders, raise your head, smile at each other. I wish you good work in class. Let the motto of our lesson be the words: “If you can do it yourself, teach someone else.”

2. Updating knowledge

There are different pictures on your desks. I will tell you a riddle, you need to guess it, the student who has the answer will come to the board and attach a picture.

1. The motley itself

Eats green

Gives white (cow)

2. Angry touchy-feely

Lives in the wilderness of the forest,

There are a lot of needles

And not a single thread. (hedgehog)

3. I’ve already run around the whole forest.

The tail flickers here and there

That's not a girl - beauty

This is a redhead... . (Fox)

4. Who deftly jumps through the trees

And flies up into the oak trees?

Who hides nuts in a hollow,

Drying mushrooms for the winter? (Squirrel)

5. In front - a snout,

At the back there is a hook,

In the middle is the back,

There are bristles on the back. (Pig)

6. Forest owner

Wakes up in the spring

And in winter, under a blizzard howl

He sleeps in a snow hut. (bear)

7. It wouldn’t be my work, it wouldn’t be my running,

You would live badly, man,

But in the age of the car and the motor

I'm afraid I'll be retiring soon. (Horse)

8. The scythe has no den,

He doesn't need a hole.

Legs save you from enemies,

And from hunger - bark. (Hare)

How to call in one word what is shown in the pictures? (Animals).

(The word “animals” appears on the board)

Well done, you did a good job. The task is as follows. Divide these pictures into two groups.

(Two students work at the board)

On what basis did you arrange these pictures?

What do you think will be the topic of our lesson today?

(Wild and domestic animals) Slide 2

(On the board are the words “wild”, “domestic”)

What questions will you ask yourself? (Find out how to distinguish between wild and domestic animals, when domestic animals appeared, who was the first domestic animal, what benefit does a person have from domestic animals)

Let's open the textbook on page 72 and read what we learn.

3. Mastering new content and its application.

So, animals can be divided into domestic and wild.

Which animals do you think are called wild and which are domestic?

The following questions will help us with this: who feeds? who builds housing? who takes care of the offspring?

(on the board “who feeds”, “who builds housing”, “who cares”)

Let's check the correctness of our assumptions. Slide 3 wild animals, slide 4 domestic animals

Let's check how you understand. Let's open the workbooks on p. 50.

Option 1 - highlights wild animals with a green pencil,

Option 2 in red pencil - pets

At the same time, a student with Down syndrome works with pictures, classifying wild and domestic animals.

( For those who quickly complete the task, a card is given with text about taming animals)

So, wild animals live in nature, but where did domestic animals come from?

All domestic animals were once wild. But even in ancient times, people tamed wild animals and they began to live next to them. Scientists suggest that the first domesticated animal was the wolf. Gradually, people domesticated other animals.

There is a picture of a “wolf” on the board

Domestic animals appeared in humans in different ways.

Wolves lived near the dwellings of ancient people, mainly digging in ancient garbage dumps and eating waste from human activity. Since wolves raised the alarm when approaching the camps of strangers or large predators people noticed this and began to use and develop these qualities. People began to catch puppies and use them for protection and hunting. The result is the appearance of dogs. This happened approximately 15,000 - 20,000 years ago.

Cats came to people when people began to engage in agriculture and the problem of exterminating rats and mice in barns arose. This happened about 10,000 years ago. All living domestic cats are descended from the Middle Eastern Libyan (Nubian) cat.

Sheep, pigs, goats, cows - appeared as a result of human hunting. A goat or pig was killed and eaten, goats, piglets, calves were fed and used in children's games and for training hunters. When famine occurred, these pets were eaten (now many wild tribes of people do the same). Then they came up with the idea of leaving them in captivity all the time, and even purposefully selecting the best from a human point of view. And so it appeared livestock and poultry. The first to domesticate were rams (mouflons - 10,000 years ago), then cows (turs - 7,500 years ago), and last horses (tarpans about 5,000 years ago). Chickens and turkeys were domesticated about 6,000 years ago.

4. Physical education minute

- Didactic game

The deer has a big house
He looks out his window
Bunny runs through the forest
There's a knock on his door:

“Knock, knock, open the door
There's an evil hunter in the forest!
Open the door quickly
Give me your paw"

-The one who names the dwelling will sit:

wolf -...den, bear -...den, wasps -...nest, bees -...beehive, squirrels -...hollow, beaver -...hut, chicken -...chicken coop, horse -...stable, fox -...hole, hare -...under a bush

5. Continue working on the topic

What groups can these animals be divided into? Slide 6

On screen: chicken, rabbit, turkey, horse, goose, sheep

(Animals, birds)

On the board the words “animals”, “birds”

Do you know other types of pets? The riddle Slide 7 will help you with this

With a tail, not a beast.

With feathers, not a bird. (fish)

The word "fish" on the board

Domestic fish species include goldfish and carp

The hard-working… (bee) stored honey for the winter Slide 8

Which group do we include the bee in?

Insects

The word "insects" on the board

Students were given home Interesting Facts about the bee. Students present a message

Bees have five eyes.
Three at the top of the head and two at the front.

Pass to the hive

Bees have many enemies and “freeloaders”, so the entrance to the hive is reliably guarded by guards who are ready to attack an uninvited guest at any moment. No bee can enter someone else's hive. Each hive has a special smell that is not detectable by humans. Each bee stores this scent in a special cavity in its body. Flying up to the hive, the bee opens it and presents the smell to the guards as its own. business card or pass.

Bees in winter

Bees do not sleep in winter, so they need to store enough food for the winter.

Although it has many legs, Slide 9

Still can't run.

It crawls along the leaf,

The poor leaf will chew it all off. (Caterpillar)

But not ordinary, but very useful for humans. It's called the silkworm. Silkworms They eat only mulberry trees. Silkworm caterpillars eat non-stop day and night. For many centuries, people kept silkworms at home and therefore, today these butterflies cannot survive without his care and tutelage. For example, caterpillars will not look for food, even if they are very hungry, they will wait for a person to feed them. Silkworm caterpillars curl cocoons, the shells of which consist of a continuous silk thread 300-900 m long, which is then used to make world-famous silk.

Working with the textbook

So we come to the next question: why do people breed domestic animals? Let's turn to the textbook on p. 74. Look at the drawings and photographs. What do people get from pets? Connect the animal and the product obtained from them using colored paper arrows. Check your desk neighbor's work. Make a proposal based on your models.

At the same time, a student with Down syndrome distributes pictures of “who gives what”: cow - milk, chicken - egg, sheep - mittens, fur coat.

Thus, pets are a source of food and materials, such as wool, leather, feathers.

The words “food” and “materials” appear on the board.

Let's play the game "Magic Bag". The bag contains various items. You must identify the object by touch and say thanks to whom it appeared.

(The bag contains: an egg, mittens, a belt, a feather)

But besides food, animals are great helpers to humans. On the board is the word “helpers.”

Another important quality in pets is that they are necessary for communication.

On the board is the word “communication.” Slide 11

6. Reflection.

So let's review what we learned

(Based on the map that was obtained by placing the words on the board, the guys recount the material they covered).

Use flashcards to show your understanding of the lesson material. Red - understood very well