"Improving the ecological situation in big cities." Environmental situation in Russia

Here are twenty actions that would improve the environment:

1. Do not burn plant waste either in the city or outside the city: stubble, straw, sawdust, wood shavings, tree branches, paper, leaves, dried grass, tops, tanning industry waste, etc. All this must be composted and returned to the soil.

2. Do not set fire to tall grass in fields and meadows, not only and not so much because it often leads to fires, but also because any fire (including a tourist one) is the death of trillions or even quadrillions of living beings - microorganisms soil. That is, each bonfire does not symbolically reduce the amount of life on earth.

3. Do not plant trees where they will knowingly be broken or will not grow due to a meager amount of soil, or will obscure the light, interfere with movement, touch the wires, etc., so as not to perform execution on them later. In general, greening of urban areas is best done with grass rather than trees.

4. Do not whitewash curbs and roadsides, as this is the greatest folly.

5. Do not fight weeds on lawns and wastelands by exterminating them. And if you fight, then only by replacing it with meadow grass.

6. Do not plant "cultural" flowers in flower beds, as this is not only a senseless waste of time, but also the wrong orientation of people: they say, natural grass is a disgrace, but we will plant lawn grass, cut it, and give the bushes the shape of a brick and this will be real beauty... In a word, do not cultivate a pseudo-culture.

7. Do not raise the curb stone above the asphalt, but do it flush with it so that the water from the asphalt flows freely into the lawn. Excess moisture and dirt will not harm him: on the contrary, it will contribute to a riot of greenery.

8. Do not hammer ice on lawns in the spring, as this is stupidity of the same order as whitewashing curbs.

9. Do not remove the old grass steppe felt from the lawns, as in autumn and spring it still hides dust in itself and, thus, cleans the air. In addition, litter is essential for the soil.

10. Do not put soil above the asphalt on the lawn, because then instead of cleaning the air from dust, the lawn becomes its source.

11. Do not bring land from the fields to the city. On the contrary, to take out the black soil from the city, obtained from overheating vegetable waste on vacant lots and special paragraphs obtaining chernozem (PPCh).

12. Do not be afraid to start overhaul of lawns, i.e. remove the soil and temporarily fold it nearby, take the subsoil layer (clay, crushed stone) to neighboring dirt roads and fill it with the same soil again, but so that the level of the lawn becomes 10-15, and sometimes 20 cm below the asphalt.

13. Do not be afraid to pour the clay-crushed stone mixture onto the dirt roads, as in this case you can get excellent road surface... It is only necessary to make a slightly convex profile of the road, and the ditches below the roadbed.

14. Do not get carried away with large, continuous asphalt pavements, but where possible, you need to provide for dust-collecting green depressions (it is better round shape) and, in general, consider greens not as decoration, but as the main means of purifying the air from dust, stuffiness, dryness, etc.

15. Make as few roofs with traditional roofs as possible and practice green "jungle" on roofs as much as possible (garages, cowsheds, pigsties, grass drying sheds, sheds, booths, bus stops, etc.). All this is literally asking for earthen roofs. Green lawns on the roofs of residential buildings are nothing new.

In general, greenery today should be raised almost into a cult. It is almost impossible to overdo it here. After all, the human body was formed in conditions when greenery surrounded it like clothes, and today we are surrounded by stone, dust, asphalt, dryness, stuffiness.

In hospitals and even on high-comfort long-distance trains, it is quite possible today to make hanging beds (under lamps daylight), which could provide much more oxygen than potted flowers, while requiring less maintenance.

16. Do not make two-storey high garden houses, as they are hot and stuffy in summer. The garden house should be semi-basement and, of course, with an earthen roof. In such a house it is cool in summer, and in winter, if you have a stove, you can live. It takes much less time and money to build it.

17. Do not make traditional ovens in the private sector, as there are more perfect forms heating, which require less labor and at the same time give a greater effect.

18. Minimize the use of internal combustion engines.
Firstly, by organizing a single dispatching service, the purpose of which is to prevent idle or unjustified vehicle runs. Each flight must perform several functions. This is the only way to reduce petrol smog today.

19. At the same time, in every possible way, welcome the invention and introduction of devices that allow you to transport heavy loads, plow the ground, lift loads, wash clothes, cut firewood, etc., using the force of the wind or solar energy or the muscular force of organisms. For example, spreading fertilizer in fields or transferring soil to bald hills and hills can be done in strong wind sailing carts. V northern regions(and in the future also in the middle latitudes) man-made ice tunnels could be a magnificent transport artery.

20. It is high time not only to speak, but also to introduce the idea of ​​ribbon cities, or what is the same thing: integral life support complexes, i.e. all houses, industries, auxiliary buildings are located along the underground transport highway - just as nature did in organisms. High feasibility, low cost, abundance of greenery, almost complete utilization of heat from electric transport, protection from earthquakes, a high level of the country's defense with a large number of IKZH, etc. - all this makes this idea much more attractive than space exploration or the construction of supersonic aircraft and other traditional "winged" hobbies of mankind. We rush into space, i.e. into cold, blackness and emptiness, and we turn our native land into a dirty, stinking cesspool. Where is the logic?

Our health depends on the influence of many of the most different factors... This is food, and lifestyle, and the presence of stress. But we can independently correct all these influences to one degree or another. However, the activity of our body largely depends on how the environment affects it. One person cannot in any way cope with such a global adversary as industry, which causes a huge amount of emissions into the atmosphere every day. But at the state level, many countries are already taking issues of improvement very seriously ecological situation... And this approach also implies the participation of each individual separately.

There are simple and rather inexpensive in terms of time and effort, things that each of us can do for the benefit of the world around us and ourselves. Let's talk about some of them in more detail, which can improve the ecological situation. environment.

Garbage

Probably every student knows that the problem of waste on our small planet is very acute. However, in the past few decades, mankind has caught on and began to actively develop methods for recycling waste. And especially important role his sorting plays in apartments and houses. Environmentalists are trying to teach the inhabitants of the entire Earth to teach how to separate household waste into its components, and then throw it away separately. In many cities, bins of various colors have long been installed on the streets, into which paper, glass and other waste must be thrown off. You can do the same at home. However, it is worth considering Russian realities. We usually have chutes and garbage containers in common, they have only one compartment for garbage. However, you can return cans and bottles to glass containers, and paper, etc., to waste paper. It is also worth sorting accumulators, batteries, thermometers and others. dangerous elements by handing them over to hotel reception points so as not to harm the environment.

Social events

Take part in ennobling your city or at least your yard. Take part in clean-ups and community events, planting trees, collecting trash in parks. Such events will be held with health benefits and will not affect your budget in any way. By the way, such a Saturday outing can be done with the whole family, and joint work will have a rapprochement effect.

Cars

Try to save fuel. If you can, periodically stop using the car, switching to a bicycle and public transport. You can also reduce your fuel consumption slightly while driving by sticking to a speed of forty to ninety kilometers per hour. Also, do not forget to keep the machine in order, clean it in a timely manner (thereby reducing weight) and check technical condition.

Electrician

Try to lower your electricity consumption a little. Give up the habit of leaving your computer in standby mode and keeping the microwave open. It seems that such measures are just a drop in the ocean, but even in one year, these simple tips will help you avoid unnecessary waste of electricity and save your finances. Try to disconnect all unused devices from the network.

The right materials

Try to avoid using plastic bags and various disposable products. Think for yourself, polyethylene and plastic take a very long time to decompose, so they can be easily replaced with suitable alternative products. So you can go to the supermarket with a canvas bag, and for a picnic you can use a special reusable set.

Water

Remember to conserve water. Every year stocks are clean fresh water are gradually depleted. Think about the future using natural gifts rationally. Take a shower instead of a bath, and while brushing your teeth, turn off the tap. This will not only help the whole planet, but it will also save your budget a little when paying. utilities.

Give away unnecessary

At home, we often keep a variety of things that are not used, but throw them away until the hand is raised. But as practice shows, sooner or later all this ends up in a landfill. However, you can easily transfer such things to those who need them. There are a huge number of people in the world who will be happy with an old-style jacket and trousers, used shoes and various shabby toys. You can place advertisements with photos of unnecessary things on the Internet, you can contact the church with such a question, or just put up a bag with things near the trash can - they will be quickly disassembled.

Use urns

Perhaps everyone knows that throwing garbage is not good. However, on the streets we can see many cigarette butts and candy wrappers, and Beautiful places outside the city often turn out to be crap by the previous group of vacationers. Of course, the culture of behavior must be taught from childhood, but even in adulthood, you can learn to take care of yourself - at least carry cigarette butts and packs of ice cream and chips to the nearest trash can. And after the picnic, you can grab not only your own garbage, but also strangers scattered in the nearby bushes, bottles and plates. It is not difficult and energy-consuming, but it will benefit both you and the world around you.

So, in order to slightly improve the state of the environment, you just need to start with yourself. The observance of simple recommendations by each person will help make our planet healthier and more livable.

You don't have to put in a lot of effort to protect the environment. Of course, some believe that little can change from the actions of one person. However, if every inhabitant of the planet devotes at least a little time to the problems of the "green", then the qualitative environmental changes will be so significant that it will be difficult not to pay attention to them.

List of rules for people who care about the state of the environment

In this list, you can find things that are very often discussed, however, alas, not every person is guided by them in his life. Each of us can do this:

1. Use not ordinary bulbs for lighting, but energy-saving fluorescent or LED bulbs.

2. When you go to bed, turn off your computer. This simple step will save over 1,000 kilowatts of electricity per month.

3. Use not one, but two sides of the paper. Set the printer to print on both sides by default.

4. It is not necessary to turn on the oven prematurely. When checking the readiness of the dish, you do not need to open the oven, assess the degree of readiness visually. This will help to maintain the temperature and, as a result, save energy.

5. Return glass to collection points. Glass recycling can reduce air pollution (by 20%) and water (by 50%).

6. Use environmentally friendly diapers for your baby, not diapers.

7. Don't eat meat at least once a week. This little self-restraint will greatly help the world and improve your health.

8. Remember to turn off the lights. If an incandescent lamp is installed in the room, turn off the light every time you leave the room. If you use fluorescent lamps, then you need to turn off the light only when you leave the room for more than 20 minutes, since in this case the number of on and off is important.

9. Hand over waste paper for recycling. Sending at least one newspaper a week for recycling saves a lot of trees.

10. Buy water less often in plastic bottles... Most of these containers are not recycled, and the period of their decomposition is thousands of years. Alternatively, one bottle can be used many times. By doing this, you will be doing a service to the environment and your wallet.

11. Take a shower instead of a bath. Bathing in a bathtub consumes about 2 times more water than taking a shower. We shortened the process of washing the body by a minute - saved about 15 liters of water.

12. Covering the water while brushing your teeth and washing dishes will save about 20 liters of water daily.

13. Repair the water pipes where the water drips from. Think about the amount of water leaking this way in a year.

14. Plant trees. Make it a tradition. For example, you might plant one tree for each family member each year.

15. If you drive, use cruise control. This device significantly reduces the amount of fuel emissions and allows you to save a lot on refueling the car.

16. If a thing is second-hand, it does not mean that it is bad. Toys, bicycles, roller skates and other dimensional things - as a rule, children do not use all of these for a very long time. At second hand stores, you can buy these items in good condition and save a significant amount of money.

17. Use local products... Consider how much the environment suffers from transporting food from other regions and countries.

18. Change the temperature in your home. If you are using a private heating system and air conditioner, reduce the temperature in winter by only 1 degree and increase it by the same amount in summer. This will save about 10 percent in electricity.

19. Dress instead of heating. Warm clothing will save you a significant amount of electricity.

20. Get a mug and carry it with you. It comes in handy if you want to drink coffee in a place where it is poured into disposable plastic cups. This will help keep your environment clean.

21. If you have to travel for business, try creating a schedule that allows you to travel as little as possible, such as once a week.

22. If you read a lot, then use the services of the library. This will save a lot of paper. Another option is to purchase an e-book. While not very cheap, the investment will pay off quickly.

23. Carefully study the packaging of the goods. About a third of the waste is packaging. Do not purchase an item that is wrapped in an unreasonably large amount of packaging material.

24. Check in old Cell Phones for processing. Over time, some parts of a mobile phone start emitting toxic elements into the environment.

25. Monitor the condition of your car. Good condition of the engine, cleanliness of air filters, etc. will greatly increase the performance level of the machine.

26. Find remote work... Firstly, it will provide an opportunity to save money on travel. Secondly, this solution will allow you to work in a more comfortable environment.

27. Breed indoor plants... They not only make the room more lively, but also contribute to the saturation of the room with oxygen.

28. Use matches, not lighters. The body of the lighters is made of plastic. In addition, most of these products are disposable. This leads to the fact that about a billion pieces of plastic waste end up in landfills per year.

29. Take your package to the store. Each package not thrown away provides an irreplaceable service to the environment.

30. Don't throw away things that you don't wear. Hand them over to the collection points, they will definitely find their new owner.

31. Try to avoid using plastic bags, as these products are not biodegradable. Instead, use reusable bags made from recyclable material (paper is best).

32. Turn off Charger from the socket, if in this moment you do not charge them anything, since it still consumes electricity.

33. Give preference to walking. If you use a car for transportation, try to walk occasionally (at least several times a week).

34. Pay bills online. It is estimated that the use of paper checks kills tens of millions of trees every year. Therefore, you should try to minimize payment through bank terminals. Or, alternatively, you can refuse to receive receipts.

35. Use the above information and share it among your friends, the only way to save the environment.

Remember that everyone can contribute to the conservation of nature. Only by changing oneself can one influence the people living in this world and be able to avoid the impending ecological catastrophe.

1. Sort trash. To separate garbage into "components" and throw it away separately - this is what ecologists are trying to teach the inhabitants of all developed countries the world. Trash cans appeared on the streets for a long time different color- for paper, glass and other waste. At home, you can do almost the same thing.

The only problem is that dumpsters in stairwells and in yards are usually common to all types of garbage. However, if you wish, you can, for example, glass bottles and to hand over the banks to the collection point for glass containers, paper, old magazines, newspapers - for waste paper. It is very important that in garbage bins did not hit dangerous household waste... For example, light bulbs, batteries, mercury thermometers and other things that can harm the environment.

You can find out about the collection points for used lamps in your city

In addition, you can find collection points very close to your home. List -

2. Get involved in ennobling your city. Saturday clean-ups, public tree planting events, volunteer garbage collection programs in parks - you can participate in these events without harming your budget and with benefits for your own health. Try to go there together with your loved ones - this way you will not only help to improve the ecological situation, but also have a good time with your family, because joint work, as you know, brings you closer together.

3. Save fuel. Car owners can also participate in preserving the environment. Do not give up cars in favor of public transport and bicycles, but at least reduce fuel consumption while driving. The optimal speed for an average car is 60-90 km / h, sticking to it, you can save up to 20% of fuel. In addition, you should keep the car in order: check the pressure in the wheels, remove unnecessary heavy rubbish from the car - this will help to reduce resistance while driving and reduce gas consumption. Another tip - if you for a long time if you are, for example, in line at a gas station, it will be more economical to turn off the engine. More than 10 seconds of idling will be "more expensive" than restarting the engine.

4. Reduce your electricity consumption. Leaving your computer in standby mode and not turning off the microwave may seem to consume a lot of energy. But in fact, a fair amount of wasted electricity can accumulate in a year, and therefore money. Advice: turn off all appliances that you do not use from the network, or use "pilot sockets" with a button for a complete power off.

5. Choose the right materials. Environmentalists advise avoiding plastic bags and disposable goods - polyethylene and plastic can decompose in landfills long years, and when they are burned, acrid black smoke is released. So, bags in supermarkets can be easily replaced with canvas bags, and disposable plastic dishes for a picnic - cardboard plates and reusable utensils.

6. Save water. The reserves of clean fresh water are being depleted, scientists urge every inhabitant of the planet to think about the future and use water rationally. So, you can take a shower instead of a bath, use an economical shower head with a flow rate of less than 10 l / min, turn off the water while brushing your teeth or soaping up. By the way, this way you will not only help our planet, but also save money on utilities.

7. Give away unnecessary things. At home, you can often find a lot of things that you do not use, but for some reason keep. After a while, the "trash" will fly to the landfill. But you can give those things that have not yet lost their beneficial features, to where they can come in handy. There are many charities that are willing to accept old clothes, appliances, children's toys and donate them to shelters, orphanages or homeless shelters. Another option is to place an ad on the Internet indicating what you can give for free. For example, on the site "I will give it as a gift" residents of Moscow, St. Petersburg and Ukraine can exchange things, and on the website "DaruDar" you can exchange things from anywhere in the world.

8. Don't litter. We see tablets with such a call quite often, but does everyone follow this simple covenant? The roadsides and the metro are full of cigarette butts, parks leave piles of uncleared garbage after picnics, and beer cans and chip bags are everywhere in the courtyards. Of course, educate respect you need to know the world around you from childhood, but each of us can at least take care of ourselves - not throwing candy wrappers out of the car window, bringing a cigarette butt to the trash bin, leaving the clearing clean after a friendly picnic.

9. Think about ecology in the country. The summer cottage season is approaching, the townspeople are happy to rush to their garden plots- who grow vegetables or flowers, who just take a break from the bustle of the city in silence. At the dacha, you can also use eco-advice: collect rainwater and use it for irrigation, avoid chemical fertilizers for the soil, use natural fertilizers instead, and do not arrange unauthorized dumps behind summer cottages.

10. Don't break the law. This concerns illegal logging forests, collection of rare and listed in the Red Book of plants, poaching, deliberate or accidental arson, pollution of river waters with chemical waste and other illegal activities. Sometimes people can break the law simply out of ignorance - to cut down a Christmas tree for the New Year, to pick a snowdrop, to throw an unextinguished cigarette butt in the forest, because of which a fire will break out. For violation Russian legislation severe sanctions may be imposed, up to the criminal liability... But the main thing is that irreparable harm to nature can be caused, which, ultimately, will negatively affect the inhabitants of the Earth themselves.

Preservation of ecology- without exaggeration, the case of each individual person. It is in our power to try to harm the environment as little as possible. To do this, you just need not be lazy and change some of our habits that have come into use and, undoubtedly, have simplified our life. But this comfort is only apparent. The harm to nature caused by our daily actions or inaction is ultimately reflected in us.

Buying chocolates without foil or taking a shower instead of a bath - even such simple everyday habits can have a positive effect on the environment. Especially if they become a constant practice. a large number people. Each of us at the household level can improve the environmental situation.

What needs to be done to preserve the environment

In Russia, a very small percentage of garbage is recycled - less than 5%. Given that a person throws out about 300 kg per year, the amount of waste burnt and buried is simply monstrous.

We sort the trash

Every citizen at the household level can take care of sorting separately hazardous waste- toxic, explosive or radioactive.

Among such waste - batteries , because one battery pollutes 20 square meters of land and 400 liters of water. Therefore, first you need to find out where the waste processing points are located nearby and hand over the sorted waste there. And to sort the rest of the garbage, start containers at home. Everyone can independently open battery collection points - if you live in apartment building, at work or at university.

Significantly reduce the use of garbage will allow wearing ecobags and refusal to use disposable items - napkins, dishes, towels.

It will be beneficial for the environment to refuse to buy chocolates wrapped in foil - this substance decomposes for a very long time.

Good environmental behavior is to give preference to things made from recycled materials.

We save energy

However, small tricks in everyday life will significantly reduce the use of different types energy.

Few people know that electrical appliances in standby mode - that is, when they are not working, but plugged into an outlet in standby mode - continue to consume electricity. Therefore, take care to unplug your computer or TV at night.

Regular rubbing lamps and replacement of mercury lamps with LED ones.

The foil glued behind the battery will keep the heat in the apartment - then the heat energy will be reflect from it, and not be absorbed by the wall.

You can also save energy during the cooking process by bringing food to a boil over high heat and finishing cooking over low heat.

You should also pay attention to the refrigerator - defrost it regularly, do not put it inside hot food, wipe the back panel. And also, depending on the model of the refrigerator, place it at the correct distance from the wall.

Outside the apartment, energy savings will be made by refusing to use the elevator, walking , by bike or by electric transport.

You can save water by becoming a vegetarian. Indeed, for example, 400 liters of water are consumed to make one kilogram of beef. However, this method is not suitable for everyone.

But it is much easier to learn to accept shower instead of bath , make sure that the bathroom and the cistern are in good condition: no water drips or leaks.

Environmentally sound - don't waste water by using as much water as you need for cooking.

To heat water, it is preferable to use a boiler, and special filters for taps help to save it. It is advisable to install counters in the apartment and keep track of how much water is consumed.

Household non-chemicals

Refusing to use household chemicals is easier than it sounds. There are non-chemical substitutes for conventional products.

For example, instead of a floor cleaner, you can use tea tree oil dissolved in water, instead of a window cleaner, you can use a chalk solution.

You can polish the furniture with a cloth soaked in milk, wash the dishes with vinegar or lemon juice, and instead of air freshener in the toilet, use essential oil.

It can be very environmentally friendly in everyday life to use ordinary rags that do not require additional funds, the use of products without phosphates and without chemical odors.

Try to use natural cosmetics.

An example of environmental behavior is consumption seasonal products or products grown and produced in Russia.

You should try to increase the share plant food in the diet and reduce the use of foods with preservatives, flavor enhancers, avoid refined foods and do not eat fast food.

Limit consumption of tea and coffee, and drink more water ... Try to limit your alcohol intake. Buy wholesome, quality organic produce from farmers.

Ecology of soul and body

In addition to saving energy, water, sorting waste, it is important to pay attention to the ecology of the soul and body, to carefully monitor your health. It is important to consider how much we speak in mobile phone, and try to limit this time. If this fails, then it is better to use headphones or a headset.

Frequent use of microwaves to heat food negatively affects human health. Therefore, this should also be avoided.

Spend less time in work areas Wi-Fi .

In general, the well-known tips for maintaining health do not lose their relevance - you should regularly examine the body, get enough sleep, and exercise.