The TT pistol is a weapon that personifies the Soviet era. TT pistol: technical characteristics

Caliber: 7.62×25mm (7.63mm Mauser)
USM: Single action
Length: 116 mm
Weight: 910 g
Shop: 8 rounds

The TT (Tula, Tokarev) pistol, as its name suggests, was developed at the Tula Arms Factory by the legendary Russian gunsmith Fedor Tokarev. The development of a new self-loading pistol, designed to replace both the standard outdated Nagan revolver model 1895, and various imported pistols in service with the Red Army, began in the second half of the 1920s. In 1930, after extensive testing, the Tokarev system pistol was recommended for adoption, and the army ordered several thousand pistols for military tests. In 1934, based on the results of trial operation among the troops, a slightly improved version of this pistol was adopted into service with the Red Army under the designation "7.62mm" self-loading pistol Tokarev model 1933." Along with the pistol, a 7.62mm "P" type pistol cartridge (7.62x25mm), created on the basis of the popular powerful 7.63mm Mauser cartridge, purchased for existing large quantities in the USSR Mauser C96 pistols. Later, cartridges with tracer and armor-piercing bullets were also created. Pistol TT arr. For 33 years it was produced in parallel with the Nagan revolver until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, and then completely replaced the Nagan from production. In the USSR, production of the TT continued until 1952, when it was officially replaced in service. Soviet army PM pistol of the Makarov system. The TT remained in service until the 1960s, and to the present day significant number These pistols are mothballed in army reserve warehouses. In total, approximately 1,700,000 TT pistols were produced in the USSR. In addition, in the late 1940s - 1950s, the USSR transferred documentation and licenses for the production of TT to a number of allied countries, namely Hungary, China, Romania, North Korea, Yugoslavia. In these countries, TT pistols were produced both for the armed forces and for export and commercial sale. Export versions could have a different caliber (9mm parabellum) as well as a non-automatic fuse of one design or another. In China and Yugoslavia, TT-based pistols are still produced.

For its time, the TT pistol was a fairly advanced weapon, powerful and reliable, easy to maintain and repair. Its main disadvantages were reduced safety in handling due to the lack of full-fledged safety devices, the relatively low stopping effect of a light 7.62mm bullet, and the not very comfortable shape of the handle. In 1938-39, work was carried out to adopt more than modern pistol, however, due to the outbreak of war they were not completed. In 1942, a TT version with a double-row high-capacity magazine was created, but not mass-produced.

The Tokarev pistol of the 1933 model is built on the basis of automation, using recoil energy with a short barrel stroke. The barrel is locked by tilting it in a vertical plane using a swinging earring (similar to the Browning / Colt M1911 system). The locking lugs on the barrel are made along its entire circumference, which simplifies the manufacture of the barrel. The trigger mechanism is a hammer, single action, made in the form of a single easily removable module (for the first time in the world). There are no safety devices; for relatively safe carrying of a pistol with a cartridge in the chamber, there was a safety half-cocked trigger, however, if the trigger parts were worn out, dropping the pistol with the hammer half-cocked could lead to an accidental shot. The sights were open and non-adjustable; the pistols were aimed at a range of 25 meters. The cheeks of the handle are plastic or wooden, with large vertical corrugations. At the bottom of the handle there is a swivel for a pistol belt. The cartridges are fed from detachable single-row box magazines with a capacity of 8 cartridges. The magazine release is a push-button type and is located at the base of the trigger guard on the left.

Creator pistol TT-Tulsky Tokarev became an outstanding engineer small arms Fedr Vasilievich Tokarev (1871-1968), who created the SVT-40 self-loading rifle for the Red Army during the Second World War.

The reason for the appearance TT pistol The Nagano pistol of the 1895 model, which was in service with the police and military, became morally and technically obsolete. Was very popular in the 1920s german pistol Mauser S-96, which was purchased for the Soviet Army, where it received a lot positive feedback. On February 12, 1931, the Revolutionary Military Council, after testing several pistols, decided to opt for a pistol TT-30(first pistol index) and decided to order the first test batch of 1000 pistols. Thanks to the first batch, shortcomings were revealed in the pistol, which in the most short time were corrected, which made it possible to produce a full-fledged TT pistol under the index TT-33. The basis for the pistol was the American Colt M1911 pistol, but it was partially simplified (the trigger group was combined into one module). The principle of reloading a pistol was the recoil of the bolt, which is transmitted by the cartridge case when fired. The pistol has a slide stop setting. If the magazine runs out of cartridges, the bolt frame engages the bolt stop, which lets the shooter know that the gun is empty and when changing the magazine there is no need to juggle the bolt. A special feature of the pistol was that it was put on safety using the trigger, which later became its disadvantage, since the wear of parts of the pistol could accidentally remove the safety and fire an accidental shot, as a result, an order was given to not have a cartridge in the chamber during operation of the pistol. For a pistol of its class there were some that were not bad specifications, which made it possible to aim a 7.62x25 cartridge up to 50 meters and place cartridges at such a distance with a spread of 15 cm, and its cost was attractive with high-quality production. A 9-mm TT chambered for the 9x19 Para cartridge was also produced for export.

Famous TT pistol was produced from 1930 to 1951, 1.7 million units were produced in the Soviet Union alone, and the TT is also produced now in many countries of the world under license. became the main pistol for military and internal affairs until the 1970s, even now it is in service with the VOKhRA and is available in large quantities in military warehouses for conservation. Until 1941, 600 thousand pistols were produced and by 1945 the TT pistol had completely replaced the Nagano revolver. During the war, the captured pistol was positively assessed by the Germans, which had the index “Pistole-615” in German army. For changing TT pistol The Makarov pistol came to Russia, but that’s another story. Second short birth pistol TT began in the “dashing 90s”, when he began to often appear in crime reports, which were immediately “thrown off” after the crime; a TT pistol with a silencer was often used for this purpose.

The disadvantage of the TT pistol with a silencer was the rapid wear of spare parts and a large weight load on the barrel, which could lead to jamming of the pistol or a lack of recoil force of the bolt due to the lack of strength of the powder gases that the silencer absorbed.

Pistol TT-33 (Tula Tokarev) produced in the following countries:

• China under the symbol Type-51, Type-54 with a safety catch, Type-213 chambered for 9x19 for 8 rounds, Type-213A chambered for 9x19 for 14 rounds, Type-213B with a non-automatic fuse;
• Hungary with index TT-58 and Tokarev 48M;
• Vietnam in artisanal conditions;
• Egypt under the symbol Tokagypt-58 chambered for 9x19;
• DPRK Type-68/M68;
• Poland PW wz.33;
• Romania Cugir Tokarov;
• Yugoslavia M54, M57, M70A chambered for 9x19, M88, Z-10 chambered for 10 mm;
• Iraq;
• Pakistan.

Sports modifications of the R-3 were also produced, chambered for a 5.6 mm cartridge, which completely copied the regular TT, and the R-4 with an extended barrel.

It is not going to go down in history, since it is used to produce Pneumatic guns, traumatic, alarm, and in many countries it is still in service.

The pistol turned out to be reliable and simple, which rightfully deserves a worthy place in the weapons history of not only Russia, but also other countries of the world.

This question may seem strange - indeed, if you look through our weapons literature, then you may get the impression that we have comprehensive information about the TT pistol and its creator Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev. However, in reality, everything is not so simple, and there are many blind spots in the creation of TT.

I was able to thoroughly study the work of Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev after my third year in the weapons and machine gun department of the Tula Mechanical Institute. Thanks to the recommendation of the deputy dean of the faculty, Markov, me and my roommate in the hostel, Vladimir Zharikov, had the opportunity to work part-time at Tula plant No. 536. We had to clean out all the small arms and aircraft machine gun and cannon weapons stored there in the factory museum. I have a collection of almost all (including experienced) Tokarev self-loading rifles and pistols.

The classic version of the Browning pistol mod. 1903

Incomplete disassembly of the classic Browning mod. 1903

TT pistol

While putting these samples in order, I could not help but notice that the former Cossack esaul was an excellent craftsman and a very inventive designer.

These qualities of Tokarev are confirmed, in particular, by the fact that at the end of his career, working in the Moscow Aviation and Missile Design Bureau of A.E. Nudelman, where Fyodor Vasilyevich was given the opportunity to continue his weapons creativity, he preferred to improve the FT panoramic camera he had invented -2. The movable lens of this camera made it possible to take pictures on 35 mm film with a width of not 36 mm, as usual, but 130 mm!

"Browning 1903 K" and TT. Left view

"Browning 1903 K" and TT with incomplete disassembly

But let's return to the TT pistol. Main question, which arises regarding this weapon: “What did Fyodor Vasilyevich do in this sample himself, and what did he borrow?” The validity of such a statement becomes obvious after getting acquainted with the 9-mm pistols of John M. Browning of the 1903 model. Moreover, the conclusion suggests itself that the TT is in its purest form a copy of one of Browning’s models.

The pistols of John Moises Browning were developed on the basis of his own patent of 1897. The following samples of Browning pistols are considered the most typical: the 1900 model pistol in 7.65 mm caliber, the 1903 model pistol in 9 mm caliber and the 1906 model pistol in 6 caliber, 35 mm.

The last sample is not a military-type weapon due to its small caliber. A cartridge was simultaneously developed for each of these pistols. At one time, it was popular to classify these models and their corresponding cartridges by numbers from one to three. The first number designated the 6.35 mm cartridge and pistol, the second 7.65 mm caliber and the third 9 mm caliber.

Browning pistols were produced in large quantities in Belgium at the Fabrique Nationale d.Armes de Guerre S.A. plant. Herstal-Liege. Products directly from Belgium are distinguished by the stylized abbreviation “FN” on both plastic cheeks of the handle.

Pistols were in service with the army and police of many countries.

The 1903 model of the 9-mm Browning pistol was actively used in Russia - it was used by gendarmerie officers.

The peculiarity of the 9-mm Browning of the 1903 model is the inertial locking of the barrel, although its cartridge in terms of ballistic impulse is not much inferior to the 9-mm cartridge of the Parabellum pistol of the 1908 model. The length of the Browning cartridge is 1.5 mm less than the Parabellum ( 28 mm versus 29.5 mm), but the sleeve is 1.3 mm longer (20.3 mm versus 19 mm). According to our now established practice, this cartridge is designated 9x20.

"Browning 1903 K" and TT. Right view

The pistol has smooth external contours and a closed trigger position, which makes it convenient for pocket carry. The trigger is placed inside the rear of the frame and rotates on an axis, which is the safety pin. The mainspring is plate-type, it is located in the rear wall of the handle and consists of two branches. The long branch acts on the trigger through a roller, which is mounted on the protrusion of the trigger, and the short branch rests against the trigger rod jumper. The hammer and spring are located in the drilling of the bolt casing. In the bolt, the firing pin is held in place by a transverse pin.

On the same axis with the trigger there is a block with two feathers that guide the cartridge case removed from the chamber. The left feather has a tooth that serves as a reflector. The next cartridge rests on the protrusions of both feathers from below. The block has a through drilling for passage of the disconnector. We see exactly the same feathers and a similar arrangement of the reflector and disconnector on the removable assembly of the hammer firing mechanism of the TT pistol.

The trigger mechanism with a disconnector allows only single fire. The trigger is made integral with the trigger rod; the rod covers the magazine on both sides and moves in a socket inside the pistol frame.

The rear link of the rod acts on the sear; in the same part above the rod there is a disconnector that lowers the rod and disengages it from the sear when the bolt rolls back.

Protection against unauthorized firing is provided by a safety lever and an automatic safety device, which releases the sear when the pistol grip is squeezed with the palm of your hand. A safety device against premature firing is a disconnector that prevents the trigger rod from acting on the sear before the bolt reaches its extreme forward position. The safety lever can be activated by turning its notched head upward only when the hammer is cocked. When the trigger is pulled, the safety cannot be turned, which serves as a signal that the trigger has been pulled.

Using the safety catch, the pistol is partially disassembled, for which it is necessary to pull the bolt casing so that the fuse tooth fits into the cutout on the left side of the bolt casing. After this, the barrel can be rotated 120 degrees and the bolt casing and barrel can be removed from the frame, moving them forward.

A box-type magazine with a capacity of seven rounds with a single-row arrangement. The relatively small, according to modern views, number of cartridges in the magazine can be explained by the desire for a weapon that is compact in height. The magazine is placed inside the handle and is locked with a latch at the bottom of the magazine. When the last cartridge is used up, the magazine feeder raises a tooth located on the right side of the shutter stop frame. The tooth, entering the cutout of the shutter casing, stops it in the rearmost position.

Pistol "Colt" mod. 1911

The sight is permanent and consists of a rear sight and a front sight. They are located on the shutter casing.

This pistol design, featuring a massive slide covering the entire length of the barrel and a recoil spring under, above or around the barrel, is protected by a patent dated 1897 in the name of John Moises Browning. Browning borrowed the location of the removable magazine in the handle from Hugo Borchardt. Since then, a similar scheme has been used by many designers.

When comparing the 1903 Browning with the TT, the first thing that catches your eye is their external resemblance, but there are many differences within these samples - completely different locking mechanisms, significantly different trigger mechanisms (the Browning has a closed trigger, the TT has an open and removable trigger). It would seem that in such a situation there is no need to talk about Tokarev blindly copying the Browning pistol. But there are still grounds for such assumptions!

I was able to discover in the weapons collection of the technical room of the Tula TsKIB SOO a very unusual version of the 1903 Browning, which differs from the classic one in that it has an external trigger. Let's call it conventionally “Browning arr. 1903 K."

"Browning arr. 1903 K" can be considered an extremely rare specimen, since it is not described either in domestic or foreign literature. In the weapons collection of the technical office of the Tula TsKIB SOO, where it is listed under the name “Browning” 1903.” By appearance, overall dimensions and weight data, this pistol is completely similar to the sample described above chambered for 9x20 mm, but differs from it in the design of the trigger mechanism, the absence of an automatic safety and a flag safety mechanism.

Pistol "Colt" mod. 1911 with incomplete disassembly

There are no factory marks or inscriptions on the bolt casing and frame of the pistol. The marking is only on the breech of the barrel in the area of ​​the sleeve window.

The sample belongs to the class of weapons with inertial locking of the barrel. Its barrel, recoil mechanism, and interchangeable seven-round magazine are interchangeable with the 1903 Browning pistol described above.

To partially disassemble this sample, it is necessary, by retracting the bolt casing and trying to rotate the barrel, to find by touch the position when the supporting protrusions of the barrel disengage with the pistol frame and enter the cutout of the bolt casing.

The trigger mechanism of the pistol is a separate unit in the form of a block, which contains a trigger with a mainspring located inside it, a sear with a leaf spring and a disconnector. After separating the bolt casing, this unit is separated from the pistol frame.

Externally, the unit and its parts are indistinguishable from similar TT pistols.

In the Tula city museum of weapons there is an experimental pistol made by F.V. Tokarev, which can be considered a prototype of the TT and which differs from the Browning pistol only in that it uses a 7.62 mm Mauser cartridge.

Thus, we can definitely say that it was initially intended to completely copy the TT from a rare modification of the Browning pistol with a removable trigger mechanism.

Pistol F.V. Tokarev arr. 1938

The Mauser cartridge was chosen by Tokarev only because at the end of 1920, by decision of Artkom Artillery Directorate The Red Army bought a license for its production from the German company DWM (since 1922 Berliner Karlsruhe Industriewerke - BKIW). However, this ammunition turned out to be too powerful for inertial locking. To correct the situation, Fedor Vasilyevich in the next version of the TT used locking the barrel bore in the image and likeness of the Colt pistol of the 1911 model - with a swinging barrel controlled by an earring. Note that the 1911 Colt was developed by the same Browning at the Colt factories.

This begs the question, why did Tokarev, a very inventive designer, resort to obvious copying when developing such a basically simple weapon as a self-loading pistol? Still in the same Tula weapons museum there are his original samples of self-loading rifles, which are structurally much more complex than the TT. For example, its SVT-38 self-loading rifle, adopted for service in 1938, is completely original in design. The same can be said about the Tokarev pistol of the 1938 model.

There can only be one answer here. The designer was simply ordered to copy a certain sample. Apparently, someone in the Soviet military leadership dealt with the Browning 1903 and considered it an ideal pistol, which, due to its simple design, could be easily produced at our not very advanced arms factories at that time. In fact, Tokarev’s task was not to create an original domestic pistol, but to re-barrel the Browning to chamber domestic production 7.62x25. It was based not on the most common pistol model, but on its simplest, albeit rare modification with a removable trigger mechanism. But the powerful ammunition still forced the designer to change the locking system in the pistol.

Such an option for creating a TT is quite likely, since in Soviet weapons history there are often cases when military and political leaders forced designers to accept technical solutions dictated by their own preferences.

For example, at the same TT, Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny strongly did not recommend that Tokarev use an automatic safety lock that blocks the trigger if the pistol is released from his hand. And finally he achieved his goal - there is no automatic fuse on the TT!

Designer Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov told me that Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov insisted on replacing his SKS carbine with a simple and technologically advanced folding faceted bayonet, oxidized black, also folding, but bladed and shiny. Allegedly, infantry attacking with bayonets shining in the sun will terrify the enemy. Sergei Gavrilovich spat, but together with his design bureau technician Volkhny Vasily Kuzmich, they bungled such a bayonet.

Front and back sides of a business card, presented upon personal acquaintance to the author of the article, Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev

From the editors of the magazine "Weapons"
The discovery by the author of the article, weapons engineer Dmitry Shiryaev, of a new, nowhere described modification of the 1903 Browning pistol can be considered a minor sensation. Moreover, the presence of a “Browning” with a removable trigger mechanism in the technical room of TsKIB is confirmed by employees working there. However, there is reason to believe that its origin is not as obvious as it seems to the author of the article, which means that the question of Tokarev copying this sample is not so clear-cut. Therefore, the editors of the magazine turned to gunsmith specialists and weapons historians with a request to express their opinion in the upcoming issues of our publication on the origin of the mysterious sample and on the possibility of copying it by Tokarev during the development of the TT pistol.

This question may seem strange - indeed, if you look through our weapons literature, you may get the impression that we have comprehensive information about the TT pistol and its creator Fedor Vasilyevich Tokarev. However, in reality, everything is not so simple, and there are many blind spots in the creation of TT.

I was able to thoroughly study the work of Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev after my third year in the weapons and machine gun department of the Tula Mechanical Institute. Thanks to the recommendation of the deputy dean of the faculty, Markov, me and my roommate in the hostel, Vladimir Zharikov, had the opportunity to work part-time at Tula plant No. 536. We had to clean out all the small arms and aircraft machine gun and cannon weapons stored there in the factory museum. I have a collection of almost all (including experienced) Tokarev self-loading rifles and pistols.

The classic version of the Browning pistol mod. 1903

Incomplete disassembly of the classic Browning mod. 1903

TT pistol

While putting these samples in order, I could not help but notice that the former Cossack esaul was an excellent craftsman and a very inventive designer.

These qualities of Tokarev are confirmed, in particular, by the fact that at the end of his career, working in the Moscow Aviation and Missile Design Bureau of A.E. Nudelman, where Fyodor Vasilyevich was given the opportunity to continue his weapons creativity, he preferred to improve the FT panoramic camera he had invented -2. The movable lens of this camera made it possible to take pictures on 35 mm film with a width of not 36 mm, as usual, but 130 mm!

"Browning 1903 K" and TT. Left view

"Browning 1903 K" and TT with incomplete disassembly

But let's return to the TT pistol. The main question that arises about this weapon is: “What did Fyodor Vasilyevich do in this sample himself, and what did he borrow?” The validity of such a statement becomes obvious after getting acquainted with the 9-mm pistols of John M. Browning of the 1903 model. Moreover, the conclusion suggests itself that the TT is in its purest form a copy of one of Browning’s models.

The pistols of John Moises Browning were developed on the basis of his own patent of 1897. The following samples of Browning pistols are considered the most typical: the 1900 model pistol in 7.65 mm caliber, the 1903 model pistol in 9 mm caliber and the 1906 model pistol in 6 caliber, 35 mm.

The last sample is not a military-type weapon due to its small caliber. A cartridge was simultaneously developed for each of these pistols. At one time, it was popular to classify these models and their corresponding cartridges by numbers from one to three. The first number designated the 6.35 mm cartridge and pistol, the second 7.65 mm caliber and the third 9 mm caliber.

Browning pistols were produced in large quantities in Belgium at the Fabrique Nationale d.Armes de Guerre S.A. plant. Herstal-Liege. Products directly from Belgium are distinguished by the stylized abbreviation “FN” on both plastic cheeks of the handle.

Pistols were in service with the army and police of many countries.

The 1903 model of the 9-mm Browning pistol was actively used in Russia - it was used by gendarmerie officers.

The peculiarity of the 9-mm Browning of the 1903 model is the inertial locking of the barrel, although its cartridge in terms of ballistic impulse is not much inferior to the 9-mm cartridge of the Parabellum pistol of the 1908 model. The length of the Browning cartridge is 1.5 mm less than the Parabellum ( 28 mm versus 29.5 mm), but the sleeve is 1.3 mm longer (20.3 mm versus 19 mm). According to our now established practice, this cartridge is designated 9x20.

"Browning 1903 K" and TT. Right view

The pistol has smooth external contours and a closed trigger position, which makes it convenient for pocket carry. The trigger is placed inside the rear of the frame and rotates on an axis, which is the safety pin. The mainspring is plate-type, it is located in the rear wall of the handle and consists of two branches. The long branch acts on the trigger through a roller, which is mounted on the protrusion of the trigger, and the short branch rests against the trigger rod jumper. The hammer and spring are located in the drilling of the bolt casing. In the bolt, the firing pin is held in place by a transverse pin.

On the same axis with the trigger there is a block with two feathers that guide the cartridge case removed from the chamber. The left feather has a tooth that serves as a reflector. The next cartridge rests on the protrusions of both feathers from below. The block has a through drilling for passage of the disconnector. We see exactly the same feathers and a similar arrangement of the reflector and disconnector on the removable assembly of the hammer firing mechanism of the TT pistol.

The trigger mechanism with a disconnector allows only single fire. The trigger is made integral with the trigger rod; the rod covers the magazine on both sides and moves in a socket inside the pistol frame.

The rear link of the rod acts on the sear; in the same part above the rod there is a disconnector that lowers the rod and disengages it from the sear when the bolt rolls back.

Protection against unauthorized firing is provided by a safety lever and an automatic safety device, which releases the sear when the pistol grip is squeezed with the palm of your hand. A safety device against premature firing is a disconnector that prevents the trigger rod from acting on the sear before the bolt reaches its extreme forward position. The safety lever can be activated by turning its notched head upward only when the hammer is cocked. When the trigger is pulled, the safety cannot be turned, which serves as a signal that the trigger has been pulled.

Using the safety catch, the pistol is partially disassembled, for which it is necessary to pull the bolt casing so that the fuse tooth fits into the cutout on the left side of the bolt casing. After this, the barrel can be rotated 120 degrees and the bolt casing and barrel can be removed from the frame, moving them forward.

A box-type magazine with a capacity of seven rounds with a single-row arrangement. The relatively small, according to modern views, number of cartridges in the magazine can be explained by the desire for a weapon that is compact in height. The magazine is placed inside the handle and is locked with a latch at the bottom of the magazine. When the last cartridge is used up, the magazine feeder raises a tooth located on the right side of the shutter stop frame. The tooth, entering the cutout of the shutter casing, stops it in the rearmost position.

Pistol "Colt" mod. 1911

The sight is permanent and consists of a rear sight and a front sight. They are located on the shutter casing.

This pistol design, featuring a massive slide covering the entire length of the barrel and a recoil spring under, above or around the barrel, is protected by a patent dated 1897 in the name of John Moises Browning. Browning borrowed the location of the removable magazine in the handle from Hugo Borchardt. Since then, a similar scheme has been used by many designers.

When comparing the 1903 Browning with the TT, the first thing that catches your eye is their external similarity, but within these samples there are many differences - completely different locking mechanisms, significantly different trigger mechanisms (the Browning has a closed trigger, the TT has an open trigger and removable). It would seem that in such a situation there is no need to talk about Tokarev blindly copying the Browning pistol. But there are still grounds for such assumptions!

I was able to discover in the weapons collection of the technical room of the Tula TsKIB SOO a very unusual version of the 1903 Browning, which differs from the classic one in that it has an external trigger. Let's call it conventionally “Browning arr. 1903 K."

"Browning arr. 1903 K" can be considered an extremely rare specimen, since it is not described either in domestic or foreign literature. In the weapons collection of the technical office of the Tula TsKIB SOO, where it is listed under the name “Browning” 1903.” In appearance, overall dimensions and weight, this pistol is completely similar to the model described above chambered for 9x20 mm, but differs from it in the design of the trigger mechanism, the absence of an automatic safety and a flag safety mechanism.

Pistol "Colt" mod. 1911 with incomplete disassembly

There are no factory marks or inscriptions on the bolt casing and frame of the pistol. The marking is only on the breech of the barrel in the area of ​​the sleeve window.

The sample belongs to the class of weapons with inertial locking of the barrel. Its barrel, recoil mechanism, and interchangeable seven-round magazine are interchangeable with the 1903 Browning pistol described above.

To partially disassemble this sample, it is necessary, by retracting the bolt casing and trying to rotate the barrel, to find by touch the position when the supporting protrusions of the barrel disengage with the pistol frame and enter the cutout of the bolt casing.

The trigger mechanism of the pistol is a separate unit in the form of a block, which contains a trigger with a mainspring located inside it, a sear with a leaf spring and a disconnector. After separating the bolt casing, this unit is separated from the pistol frame.

Externally, the unit and its parts are indistinguishable from similar TT pistols.

In the Tula city museum of weapons there is an experimental pistol made by F.V. Tokarev, which can be considered a prototype of the TT and which differs from the Browning pistol only in that it uses a 7.62 mm Mauser cartridge.

Thus, we can definitely say that it was initially intended to completely copy the TT from a rare modification of the Browning pistol with a removable trigger mechanism.

Pistol F.V. Tokarev arr. 1938

The Mauser cartridge was chosen by Tokarev only because at the end of 1920, by decision of the Art Committee of the Artillery Directorate of the Red Army, a license for its production was purchased from the German company DWM (since 1922 Berliner Karlsruhe Industriewerke - BKIW). However, this ammunition turned out to be too powerful for inertial locking. To correct the situation, Fedor Vasilyevich in the next version of the TT used locking the barrel bore in the image and likeness of the Colt pistol of the 1911 model - with a swinging barrel controlled by an earring. Note that the 1911 Colt was developed by the same Browning at the Colt factories.

This begs the question, why did Tokarev, a very inventive designer, resort to obvious copying when developing such a basically simple weapon as a self-loading pistol? Still in the same Tula weapons museum there are his original samples of self-loading rifles, which are structurally much more complex than the TT. For example, its SVT-38 self-loading rifle, adopted for service in 1938, is completely original in design. The same can be said about the Tokarev pistol of the 1938 model.

There can only be one answer here. The designer was simply ordered to copy a certain sample. Apparently, someone in the Soviet military leadership dealt with the Browning 1903 and considered it an ideal pistol, which, due to its simple design, could be easily produced at our not very advanced arms factories at that time. In fact, Tokarev’s task was not to create an original domestic pistol, but to re-barrel the Browning to chamber the domestically produced 7.62x25 cartridge. It was based not on the most common pistol model, but on its simplest, albeit rare modification with a removable trigger mechanism. But the powerful ammunition still forced the designer to change the locking system in the pistol.

Such an option for creating a TT is quite likely, since in Soviet weapons history there are often cases when military and political leaders forced designers to make technical decisions dictated by their own predilections.

For example, at the same TT, Semyon Mikhailovich Budyonny strongly did not recommend that Tokarev use an automatic safety lock that blocks the trigger if the pistol is released from his hand. And finally he achieved his goal - there is no automatic fuse on the TT!

Designer Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov told me that Kliment Efremovich Voroshilov insisted on replacing his SKS carbine with a simple and technologically advanced folding faceted bayonet, oxidized black, also folding, but bladed and shiny. Allegedly, infantry attacking with bayonets shining in the sun will terrify the enemy. Sergei Gavrilovich spat, but together with his design bureau technician Volkhny Vasily Kuzmich, they bungled such a bayonet.

Front and back sides of a business card, presented upon personal acquaintance to the author of the article, Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev

From the editors of the magazine "Weapons"
The discovery by the author of the article, weapons engineer Dmitry Shiryaev, of a new, nowhere described modification of the 1903 Browning pistol can be considered a minor sensation. Moreover, the presence of a “Browning” with a removable trigger mechanism in the technical room of TsKIB is confirmed by employees working there. However, there is reason to believe that its origin is not as obvious as it seems to the author of the article, which means that the question of Tokarev copying this sample is not so clear-cut. Therefore, the editors of the magazine turned to gunsmith specialists and weapons historians with a request to express their opinion in the upcoming issues of our publication on the origin of the mysterious sample and on the possibility of copying it by Tokarev during the development of the TT pistol.

Today there is an active development of small arms. Models are produced not only for national defense, but also for personal safety. Use prohibited in Russia military weapons. However, there are other types of it that can protect human life. A striking example is the TT traumatic pistol. As you know, the Tokarev pistol was created even before the Great Patriotic War. Only after that they found a replacement for him in the form of a PM. Traumatic pistols began to appear not so long ago. TT-T (this is the name of the leading model) is gaining popularity in Russian markets. But does it have the same combat characteristics as its progenitor? How can one explain the attractiveness of the model for buyers? What subtleties in design and use can be highlighted by considering traumatic pistol TT? And, most importantly, does he show himself worthy in dangerous situations and is he able to save his owner?

Story

Before moving on detailed description TT-T, it is necessary to deal with its progenitor, the Tokarev combat pistol. It was developed back in 1929 by the designer, whose last name it bears, for a competition held by the government in order to find a new small arms that could replace the Nagan system revolver then in use. Also in service were several other representatives of this type of weapon, only produced abroad.

The commission that determined the winner recognized TT the best option. However, the condition was set that the design must be modified so that it could meet all the requirements of the troops. In particular, it was necessary to increase shooting accuracy, which is one of the most important indicators. Also, the original version had a rather difficult descent, which was also modified. Already in 1930 there were carried out additional tests, which showed the suitability of TT for combat use. In 1931, the first batch of pistols, consisting of 1000 pieces, was delivered. And in the same year, the TT was adopted by the Red Army.

Popularity

What explained the widespread use of TT both before and during the war? Its popularity was determined by the simplicity of the mechanism, which, in comparison with analogues created at the same time, showed itself with the best side. Also, ease of use made it possible for everyone, even beginners, to use the TT. However, there were also shortcomings that really became noticeable after the start of the Second World War. The pistol's combat performance was much worse than the German ones. It is worth highlighting the insecurity: while carrying a TT in his pocket, a soldier with a high probability could accidentally shoot himself in the leg. The single-action trigger mechanism was unreliable in comparison with the German double-action one. However, during hostilities, create new gun, which would meet all the wishes of the army, there was no possibility. The next representative of this type of weapon appeared after the Great Patriotic War and was also named after the designer - the Makarov pistol.

Has the TT traumatic pistol retained all the advantages and disadvantages of its ancestor, or has it been modified so that it is not afraid of an accidental shot? How did it captivate users? It is also important for us to analyze the characteristics of the TT traumatic pistol.

Creation

Many people today still want to have a weapon that resembles the legendary model. Therefore, the TT “Leader” traumatic pistol was created at the Molot plant in 2005. The pioneer among similar models attracted attention. Users began to purchase this pistol, but their joy was short-lived. It soon became clear that even though it was created on a combat basis, this did not add any advantages to it. “Leader” had much worse performance than even other models created from scratch.

Description

However, in 2005 there were no small-bore pistols on the market large selection, so the model was in demand. Another plus was that it was created from a combat TT. This attracted new buyers, many of whom were collectors. The model was not a mock-up, it actually shot.

It is interesting that both in those years and now people more often choose large models of traumatic pistols. They are usually heavy. However, there is no reason for such a choice. Carrying a large pistol in your pocket every day is inconvenient. The only plus is real opportunity one form of intimidation. A striker, especially one not familiar with the subtleties traumatic weapons, can give up the attempt and leave. But people still choose large models, to which “Leader” fully applies.

The manufacturer also released special 10x32T bullets. Interestingly, there was an inscription on the box about the kinetic energy of the shot. The value for that time was unthinkable - as much as 80-100 J. However, this was a trick. This number must be divided by 2, since the cartridges are two-bullet. This, by the way, is the main advantage of the model over others. But there is a catch here too. The accuracy of shots for a traumatic pistol is a foreign thing. When fired from two meters, the distance between the bullets sometimes reached 15 cm, which cut off the possibility of conducting aimed fire. The only option there was a shot in the torso, although even then a miss was possible.

Reason for discontinuation of production

However, it is not only traumatic cartridges that contribute to a miss. There is no barrel on the pistol; instead, a simulator is presented. The tube, which is the device, has thin walls and a larger diameter than a bullet. This greatly affects the deterioration of shooting accuracy and has a bad effect on its accuracy. The manufacturer tried to eliminate the shortcoming by reducing the number of bullets in the cartridge to 1 piece. But this often led to the guide sleeve breaking off. Soon the TT “Leader” pistol went out of production.

New model

Only in the spring of 2011 a new TT traumatic pistol appeared on the shelves of Russian stores. True, before it there were some models created on the basis of the combat one, for example, the aforementioned “Leader”, but they did not meet the desires of buyers. Many were wary of the new pistol, remembering unsuccessful attempts. However, the TT-T eclipsed all analogues.

Unlike its predecessor, the TT-T had big amount positive qualities, which, combined with combat performance, led to great popularity. The model is produced by AKBS. She achieved minimal interference with the original combat pistol, thereby making the model as similar as possible to it. Almost all the parts that are used in the TT-T were also used on the present one. small arms. Only some parts had to be made from scratch, but this has minimal impact on combat performance. Durability and reliability are also advantages of the TT-T model.

The only noticeable change in the design is the blowback action that this TT traumatic pistol has. Its price ranges from 11,000 to 13,000 rubles.

Characteristics

This traumatic pistol (TT) is popular. Its caliber implies the use of 10x28T cartridges, they replace 10x22. TT-T has high accuracy when compared with other models. The magazine capacity is 8 rounds, which may be unusual for some users. However, this is not a minus. The negative side is that there is a possibility of an accidental shot.

License

Although a traumatic pistol is not a combat pistol, you must obtain permission for it. However, many people wonder: how to do this? What do you need to provide, besides documents, in order to purchase a traumatic pistol?

The license is issued by the relevant department of the Department of Internal Affairs. In order to legally have the right to use a traumatic pistol, you need to collect Required documents. When a citizen applies, a list of them is given to him in the same department. The buyer is also obliged to confirm knowledge of the rules for the safe use of weapons, since in inept hands there is a high probability of shooting not only others, but also himself.

You also need to buy a storage case and pay a small state fee (up to 200 rubles). All that remains is to provide documents about mental and physical health and the absence of outstanding convictions. The license will be received in a month. Permission to use weapons may not be given to people who have mental disorders, alcoholism, drug addiction or low visual acuity.

Documentation

Citizens Russian Federation To obtain a weapons permit, you only need to have a copy of your passport, 2 black and white photographs 3x4, medical certificate and certificates from a psychiatric dispensary and a drug dispensary (last 2 points Supreme Court canceled in 2003). Legal entities are required, in addition to those described above, to also provide copies of constituent documents, inspection reports of premises and a copy of the order of appointment and responsibility.

The TT traumatic pistol is very popular in Russian markets. User reviews vary, but this is due to the large number of differences in models. If we consider the TT-T, then all the people who use it are satisfied with the purchase. It can save lives in the most dangerous situations. The TT traumatic pistol has reliability and good technical performance. Its price corresponds to the quality.