Pecheritsa and pale grebe. How to distinguish champignons from grebes by external signs

The easiest way to eat mushrooms that "grow" on store shelves. But, alas, you will not feel the real excitement of the “silent hunt”. Therefore, every year hundreds of thousands of people go to the forest in search of delicacies. Unfortunately, these trips do not bring long-awaited joy to everyone, the number of those poisoned by mushrooms does not decrease, but only increases from year to year. And, of course, the pale grebe takes the first place in the sad rating. Inexperienced mushroom pickers often mistake this mushroom for champignon. In order not to replenish the list of victims of the pale grebe, one should clearly understand its differences from champignon.

Appearance

Both the pale grebe and the champignon look really similar in shape and color. But there are several differences.

At pale grebe plates under the hat are most often white, occasionally greenish. At the base of the toadstool there is a Volvo - something like a film bag where the mushroom leg is hidden, it is partially or completely sunk into the ground. Under the cap, the pale grebe has a small ring, which is the remnant of the bedspreads. With age, in many grebes, it becomes thinner and disappears. If you damage the mushroom, then its color will not change.

Death cap

Champignons have pink plates under the hat, and the younger the mushroom, the brighter they are. With age, the plates darken and turn brown. In champignon, like in most mushrooms, Volvo is absent. The damaged pulp of the fungus has a reddish, sometimes yellow tint.

Smell

Champignon has a pleasant smell of almonds or anise, which attracts animals and insects to it.

The grebe is easy to recognize, if only because it does not arouse interest among representatives of the fauna. Moreover, flies and worms also avoid this fungus. If you break the hat, then it will smell absolutely nothing, perhaps that is also why the mushroom is so unattractive to forest dwellers.

Findings site

1. The pale toadstool under the cap has white plates, and in young champignons the plates are pink, in old ones they are brown.
2. In pale grebe, when damaged, the color of the pulp does not change, while in champignon, the flesh becomes red or yellow.
3. The smell of champignon resembles the smell of anise or almonds; young grebes have no smell at all.
4. Flies or worms can be found near champignons, while grebes are rarely attractive to them.

1. Carefully read the memo in the textbook (p. 27). On your own or with the help of a textbook, fill in the gaps in the text.

So that there is no trouble near the water

1. Swim only under supervision adults
2. Don't swim in unfamiliar place . There may be dangerous undercurrents.
3. Do not swim in very cold water. The cold can make the leg cramp.
4. It is better not to swim alone, but with friends to be in front of each other.
5. You can only swim in pure reservoirs. Swimming in polluted water is dangerous to health.
6. Do not swim in the sea for buoys .
7. Don't swim in storm .

Remember these rules and always follow them!

2. "That's how they swam!" - Parrot exclaimed when he saw these guys on the shore

Think and write which of the guys dived and who did not. Who can't swim?

Petya dived, Yulia can't swim

3. The wise Turtle asks if you know poisonous berries and mushrooms. Cut out the drawings from the Appendix and arrange them in the appropriate frames. Check yourself with the textbook. After checking, paste the drawings.

4. Using the text and drawing from the book "Green Pages" (story "Insidious Doubles"), write down how the pale grebe and champignon are similar and how they differ.

Comparison of pale grebe and champignon

Similarity: Young mushrooms of pale toadstool are very similar in appearance to champignons. The legs of these mushrooms are also very similar.
Differences: The color of the plates: in champignons - from pink in young to brown in old ones, in pale grebe - always white.

5. Write at least three names for each item (pp. 19-20). To select examples, use the atlas-determinant "From Earth to Sky".

a) Forest plants with edible fruits:
wild rose, chokeberry, irga, blackberry, blueberry, viburnum, blueberry, cranberry.
b) Forest plants with inedible fruits:
euonymus, privet, elderberry, buckthorn, wolf's bast, snowberry
c) Edible mushrooms:
porcini mushroom, chanterelle, flywheel, butterdish, dubovik, honey agaric, russula.
d) Inedible mushrooms:
fly agaric, toadstool, gall fungus, false honey agaric, waxy talker

6. Review the safety rules learned in the lesson at home. Ask an adult to check on you.

Come up with and draw symbols for some rules of the memo “So that there is no trouble near the water” (of your choice)

In class, compare your signs with those suggested by other children. Choose the most successful ones.

7. If you are interested, prepare a message about bees, wasps and bumblebees using the identification atlas “From Earth to Sky”, as well as additional literature, the Internet. Here you can write down the message plan or any important information about these insects.

The honey bee is a domesticated insect. Bees live in hives in large families. They collect nectar from flowers and then process it into honey, which we eat with pleasure.

Bees are smaller than wasps and bumblebees. They have a slightly furry back, and the color of the abdomen is painted with soft black and yellow stripes. The flight of the bee is smooth and calm, like the bees themselves. They sting only as a last resort, because during the bite the bee breaks the sting and soon dies.

The forest wasp lives in families in nests suspended on tree branches, under the roofs of houses and other buildings. It is distinguished by a very thin "aspen" waist - the interception between the chest and abdomen, as well as color - yellow spots on the black back and very contrasting stripes on the abdomen.

The wasps fly with jerky, jerky movements. And they are able to hover in one place like helicopters. Unlike bees, wasps feed not only on nectar, but also on vegetables, fruits, insects, and can even drag a small piece of meat into their nest.

A wasp sting is always very painful for a person and can cause allergies. They sting at any opportunity: with sudden movements of a person, an unpleasant smell for wasps, from fear, etc. Moreover, they can do this many times, since the wasp sting does not break like that of bees and the wasp remains alive and healthy after the bite.

Hairy bumblebees are easy to distinguish from most bees and wasps. it is much larger than both bees and wasps. Their paws are thick, and the breast and abdomen are hairy. They fly like heavy bombers—heavy, slow, and with a loud, low hum.

With the first rays of the sun, bumblebees fly out to collect nectar and circle over the flowers with calm dignity. They are much more peaceful than wasps, but if you anger a bumblebee, then it can sting, and even more painfully than a wasp.

Champignon is considered one of the most common mushrooms. Buying it in the vegetable departments of supermarkets, you can not worry about the quality of the product. But, if it should appear on the dining table not from the store shelf, but from the forest, then it is very important to know how champignon differs from pale grebe.

Ядовитые грибы can cause irreparable harm to health, even death. The same goes for the pale grebe. It is the most dangerous and poisonous species among all known species. A person who has eaten false champignon does not immediately understand about the poisoning. The first signs of intoxication appear after 5-7 (and sometimes 36) hours. But during the absence of symptoms, the poison is already active, and sometimes it is too late to take action, since the effects of toxins are already irreversible. This is what makes this mushroom so dangerous.

A poisonous mushroom can cause irreparable harm to health, even death.

Similarities and differences

Inedible look-alike mushrooms are found in almost all edible species. A detailed comparison of the pale grebe and champignon will help to detect significant differences and similarities.

• The similarity can be seen in size - the stem is from 7 to 16 cm in length, and the hat can reach 15 cm in diameter.
• Both representatives have a ring-shaped formation on the trunk. At the beginning of life, poisonous mushrooms have a ring, which gradually disappears as they age. An edible mushroom has a ring that almost completely covers the underside of the cap.

Differences

• One difference is the size of the base. An inedible mushroom has a thin and not very fleshy trunk, while a useful one is much thicker and denser.
• Twins differ from each other in the shade of hats. In the toadstool, the cap both above and below has the same white color, while in the champignon under the cap it has a pink tint. The toadstool can change the whitish shade of the hat to greenish, but this is not necessary. Her leg is light, the flesh is dense.
• Pale grebe has dense and light flesh.
• Differences can be found not only in appearance - twin mushrooms have a different smell. The pale toadstool does not smell at all, while its edible relative has a characteristic mushroom aroma, slightly reminiscent of almond
• Inedible mushrooms are not spoiled by worms, unlike edible ones. Poisonous representatives always have clean pulp.

The difference between a young grebe and a young forest champignon

Pale grebe and champignon are very similar twins

When collecting, you can easily make a mistake, and the basket will not contain champignon at all, but a pale grebe is very similar in appearance to it. The surest way to protect yourself is not to pick mushrooms in which there is even the slightest doubt.

You can understand how safe the crop harvested in the forest is with the help of one folk method. It is boiled in separate containers, after throwing an onion into the water. If poisonous representatives are caught in some pan, then the onion will turn blue, while in dishes with normal ones it will not change color. This method is not always valid.

It is very important to remember that the pale grebe is dangerous not only if it is eaten, it also scatters toxic spores around it. Therefore, if you have already found one such poisonous mushroom, then you should not collect any forest gifts near it - the risk of poisoning is too high.

Differences and similarities

Mushroom lookalikes are normal, almost every species has them, but some are easy to identify, and many have to be tinkered with.

Similarities:

• Both types of mushrooms are similar in size. The average size of the cap is about fifteen centimeters, and the leg is from seven to sixteen centimeters.
• On the trunk of each type of mushroom there are characteristic rings. In poisonous individuals, such a ring fades over time, while in edible individuals it remains complete and covers the lower part of the cap almost entirely.

Differences:

Any poisonous mushrooms are unsuitable for consumption due to their chemical composition - they cause intoxication of the body, accompanied by unpleasant symptoms and posing a danger to human health and life.

Mushroom lookalikes often grow next to edible representatives of their world, so it is necessary to know not only the differences, but also the likely consequences of picking harmful mushrooms in order to responsibly treat the selection process.

Pale grebe is one of the most common, and therefore the most dangerous types of poisonous mushrooms. When this fungus enters the body, intoxication does not occur immediately - several hours must pass for this, therefore it is often not possible to save the patient.

If the amount of the substance is small, there is still a chance to relieve the symptoms of poisoning and rinse the stomach, but it is better to avoid such experiments and determine in advance whether the fungus is poisonous.

Action of the poison

Pale grebe is a rather insidious mushroom. The problem is not only that it is difficult to immediately recognize the poisoning.

Intoxication occurs in several stages, which can mislead the patient and doctors:

1. A few hours after poisoning, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting begin.
2. Next comes a false recovery - the patient feels better, but this does not mean that the effect of the poison has ceased.
3. After a period of waiting, sharp pains in the stomach, a noticeable change in skin color, and loss of consciousness occur.
4. Within ten days after eating a poisonous mushroom, death occurs.

Note! The poison contained in the pale grebe is not destroyed by thermal exposure, and remains even after boiling and frying the mushrooms at high temperatures.

Poisonous are not only the main parts of the fungus, but also spores. To poison the body, it is enough to consume thirty grams of mushrooms.

Similarities between pale grebe and champignon

Pale grebe and champignon are extremely similar at a young age: the caps of both mushrooms are whitish and covered with a veil, the legs are dense. When the mushrooms mature, the caps of both can change colors, the legs remain white in color, they will have a ring under the cap.

If we compare the pale toadstool and champignon, the similarity is obvious. But this is only for an inexperienced mushroom picker. Mushroom hunting experts will point out the persistent differences between pale grebe and champignon:

• the plates of the poisonous mushroom are white, while those of the champignon are pinkish at first, and darken and turn brown with age;
• the pulp of the poisonous toadstool is white, while in champignon it darkens when cut;
• the old toadstool emits a sweet smell, and the champignon has a pleasant mushroom aroma with an almond note.

But the main difference between pale grebe and champignon is the presence of a pouch at the base of the leg. The fact is that the champignon is endowed with a partial veil attached to the leg under the hat, and the young pale grebe is completely covered by a common veil called Volvo.

With the growth of the fungus, the Volvo bursts and its upper part remains on the stem, forming a ring, and the lower part forms a sac that goes into the ground. What is the difference between a pouch and a thickened leg? Because he never grows up with her. The leg is inserted into the bag, as if into a bowl. But when cutting off a young poisonous mushroom immediately under the hat, this difference will no longer exist - only similarities will remain.

Signs and symptoms of poisoning

Pale toadstool poisoning is dangerous because the first symptoms appear after a rather long period - from 6 to 16, and in some cases up to 36 hours after poisoning, when the poison already affects human organs.

The first signs of poisoning:

• general weakness;
• vomit;
• diarrhea (possibly with blood);
• intestinal colic;
• muscle pain;
• lowering blood pressure;
• decrease in heart rate;
• loss of consciousness.

The manifestation of symptoms of poisoning is not the same: at first there may be only weakness, and then other signs: vomiting, diarrhea, a decrease in pressure to the point of loss of consciousness.

Poisoning with poisons of the pale toadstool is also characterized by a temporary (false) improvement in the condition, approximately on the third day, during which the poison continues to destroy the internal organs.

After a temporary improvement, a new stage begins - renal-hepatic, heart failure. Death can occur within 5-10 days.

Similarity to other mushrooms

Many people know what a pale grebe looks like. But not everyone takes into account the fact that the pale grebe mushroom often disguises itself as edible representatives of the mushroom kingdom. The color of her hat varies from off-white to grey-green. The remains of the Volvo on the stem, forming a ring, can dry out and become invisible. A Volvo bag can be sprinkled with leaves or pine needles. Therefore, the pale grebe can be confused not only with champignons, but also with green and greenish russula, with greenfinches and floats.

When going on a “silent hunt”, it is important to remember the differences between these mushrooms and a poisonous representative:

• russula and greenfinches have neither a ring nor a Volvo;
• Russula has brittle pulp;
• greenfinches have plates with a green tint;
• floats are smaller and without a ring.

The pale grebe is also called the green fly agaric. This is a beautiful mushroom that has no resemblance to grebes in popular opinion. It looks quite appetizing, which misleads mushroom pickers.

Pale toadstool toxins

The venom of the pale toadstool contains toxins that differ in the degree of impact on the human body. Some (amanitotoxins) act slowly but are more toxic, others (phallotoxins) are less toxic but act faster. Because of this, the first signs of intoxication manifest themselves differently.

A poisonous mushroom does not lose its toxic properties during heat treatment and includes so many toxins that 1.5 g of mushrooms is enough for severe poisoning.

It is also dangerous that edible mushrooms from the environment collect harmful substances in themselves and can become poisonous, adjacent to pale grebes growing nearby. After poisoning in the cells of the body, all processes slow down, there is a rapid transformation of tissues.

Due to dehydration, potassium, magnesium, calcium and chlorides are lost. The composition of the blood changes and its coagulability decreases. All vital human organs are affected, including the nervous system. A person can become uncontrollable. Therefore, in case of mushroom poisoning, it is vital to immediately consult a doctor. . The recovery period for survivors lasts about 45 days.

The mushroom world is very diverse. And the insidious twins of edible mushrooms are constantly changing, and more and more similar to them. If you are a novice mushroom picker, think about whether you need to risk your life for a little gastronomic joy.

Video

To avoid poisoning, it is important to learn how to distinguish the pale grebe from other mushrooms. This video will help you understand this issue in more detail.

Even children know the dangers of poisoning with poisonous mushrooms. Sometimes the most experienced mushroom pickers cannot distinguish poisonous mushrooms from their edible "colleagues". Champignon is one of the most common varieties of mushrooms. They are often grown at home, which ensures their safety and availability at any time of the year. And also champignons grow in the wild, and in this case it is very dangerous not to know what the similarities between pale grebe and champignon are. The similarities and differences of these mushrooms are difficult to distinguish, but only they can save a person's life, because poisoning with poisonous mushrooms often ends in death.

The pale grebe is so similar to the popular pecherits that it increases the threat when collecting forest gifts on their own. Another thing is to buy them in the supermarket. Artificially grown mushrooms do not pose a health hazard and are very different from the poisonous type. Those fruits that grow in the wild are slightly different in appearance, and are also becoming more and more like their forest counterparts. It is very easy to confuse them with toadstools. False champignons, when used, can not make themselves felt for some time, but after even six hours it may be too late. The poison spreads throughout the body from the first minute. When the first symptoms of intoxication appear, the result of exposure to toxins may be irreversible.

The pale grebe and the mushroom do have many common features. In nature, they are found in the same broad-leaved forests, less often in coniferous ones. They also grow in groups, love warmth and moisture.

Pale grebe and champignon have a common resemblance. More precisely, this is both a similarity and a difference. It lies in the ring on the stem, characteristic of these species. In addition, the hat after rising from the soil is white at first and only then darkens. The leg is always white, and also has a fibrous structure. The pulp of the mushrooms is not soft, but more brittle, especially at the edges. In terms of the size of the russula, the pale grebe and the pecherits also have similarities: in both, the leg varies from 6 to 15 cm, the hat in diameter reaches 16 cm. So it is impossible to distinguish grebes from champignons according to these data.

Comparison of pale grebe and champignon is carried out by the presence of a spore-bearing layer. These sponges are located under the hat and differ only in a barely noticeable shade.

Unlike forest mushrooms, chanterelles or aspen mushrooms, pecherits or grebes do not have such a strikingly strong aroma.

Differences

And yet, if you look closely, champignons and pale grebe have a number of differences. The first is the unusual structure of the legs. The toadstool has a noticeable thickening at the soil level, and there is also a skirt that protects the fungus. Mushrooms also have it, but in the process of development it is smoothed out or disappears altogether. The edible mushroom has no thickening, and the ring located above is very thin and inconspicuous.

The plates under the cap of the pale grebe are not as white as those of the edible mushroom. As they develop, the plates become pink, less often brown. In an adult specimen, the shade may be grayish or even greenish. You should also pay attention to the thickness of the stem. In a good mushroom, it is thick, dense in structure, in a toadstool it is thinner, and also breaks from one touch.

The color of the hat is also different. In an edible fruit, it may darken as a result of exposure to the environment, but never turns green or gray. Artificially grown pecheritsy do not smell at all (this also applies to the pale grebe), but the forest fruits have a subtle aroma of the forest or almonds. This allows them to be distinguished from each other.

Even insects and animals do not eat poisonous varieties, so they do not contain worms, which is typical for wild pecherits.

Difference

Based on the general similarities and differences between pale grebe and champignons, in order not to poison yourself and not poison other people, you need to pay attention to the appearance of mushrooms. The most important feature in this regard is the presence of a thickening and a skirt. Before you put the pecheritsa in the basket, it is important to make sure that its leg is not thin, that the mushroom smells like anise or almonds. If there is no smell, it is better to refuse such a crop.

If damage from worms is found during the cut, you should not be afraid: this is a good sign. No insects or worms will eat a pale grebe.

You also need to pay attention to the color of the mushroom. A large mushroom cannot remain completely white; over time, the imprint of the wild is deposited on it, it turns brown.

Another invariable fact: champignons grow only on fertile land. But only a specialist can say this.

If the mushrooms are harvested and ready to be used in cooking, one more check can be made to determine how they differ. They need to be cooked with ordinary onions. Poisonous mushrooms will react with the juice, and the water will turn a light blue hue. Edible specimens do not color the liquid after cooking.

Going into the forest for a quiet hunt, most mushroom pickers are able to distinguish between champignon and pale grebe.

Inexperienced beginners often get confused by the wide variety of forest flora, bringing home an edible mushroom instead of its counterpart.

The similarities and differences between pale grebe and champignon need to be considered in more detail.

Forest champignon has a special resemblance to a poisonous representative: it also has a white hat, a characteristic thin stem.

Some tips will help you independently determine the authenticity of an edible mushroom.

As is known from school biology lessons, the pale grebe is a poisonous mushroom.

Eating it causes severe poisoning, and in advanced cases, it can be fatal.

The pages of many mushroom reference books allow you to independently compare a dangerous double and champignon, but in a wooded area you need to act on the fact.

The inedible fellow belongs to the Amanita family, its synonym is the green fly agaric.

It is the most poisonous mushroom of the fly agaric represented in Russia, as well as the most dangerous mushroom in the world.

According to statistics, half of the cases of mushroom poisoning are due to the use of pale grebe.

Consider the characteristics of this dangerous representative of the forest flora:

1. Appearance. The toadstool, presented in the pictures in the mushroom book, has a light color.

   Her hat looks dry and slimy, wears out over time. The ovoid shape of the cap can change to flat or convex, which is of particular danger to humans when determining.

   The color of the hat can be yellow or green. Its diameter is from 6 to 12 centimeters. The height of the leg is 10-12 centimeters, its diameter is 2 centimeters.

2. Places of growth. By the standards of Russia, the dangerous double is thermophilic and prefers to grow in deciduous forests.

   The most favorite place for a dangerous representative of the forest is oak, linden forests.

   The green fly agaric is distributed throughout the taiga zone, but the best conditions for it are in the south of the country. Recently, it has been spreading near villages and villages, feeding on warm air.

3. Fruiting. The mushroom reaches its size in the period from July to October - that's when you can accidentally put insidious twins in a basket.

The world around us is so rich in the most diverse representatives of the forest that it is rather difficult to confuse them with edible options.

Sometimes it is enough to distinguish mushrooms from a photo, in other cases you will need reference books and experience.

If you believe experienced mushroom pickers, as well as qualified doctors, the grebe is a genuine danger to human health.

Symptoms of poisoning do not appear immediately - they occur only after 9-10 hours, forcing a person to lose time to take action.

If the fungus grows in a favorable zone, then symptoms may appear after 2-3 days.

Toadstool and common champignon are similar in a large number of indicators, which are recommended to be considered in more detail.

Note! Despite the fact that the doppelgänger's cap differs from that of the champignon, the two species are similar in other respects.

Consider what is common between two representatives of the forest flora, one of which is not dangerous to humans, and the other is dangerous when consumed:

The difference between mushrooms

Despite all the similarities in the appearance of toadstool and champignon, these two mushrooms have a number of differences.

It is they who help inexperienced mushroom pickers prevent poisoning, prevent them from cutting off a dangerous species and putting it in a basket.

Consider the difference between a dangerous double and an edible counterpart:

1. Base diameter. Even with a similar structure of the stem and cap, the toadstool has a difference with champignon in the diameter of the base.

   Champignon has a thicker leg, with a dense fleshy structure.

2. Smell. One of the most important indicators of how to distinguish a dangerous double is to smell it.

   Delicious and fleshy champignon has a pronounced, pleasant aroma that can be easily caught. Toadstool is practically odorless, sometimes it can give off earthy dampness.

3. The color of the mushroom under the hat. In champignon, the color under the hat will be different from the one in which the hat itself is painted.

   In a toadstool, this shade will always be the same: light or have green impurities.

4. external structure. As you know, all poisonous mushrooms differ from edible counterparts in one simple indicator - they are not touched by worms and animals.

   It is this factor that misleads inexperienced lovers of quiet hunting.

   Pale grebe will always be whole, its structure will not be broken, and champignon can be exposed to forest worms and animals.

5. When cut with a knife, a dangerous double does not change its color, which cannot be said about champignon: when a mushroom picker cuts it, its flesh becomes dark.

An important factor that allows you to compare these two species is the characteristic leg. At the bottom of the toadstool, it turns into a Volvo, at the champignon there is only a slight thickening.

Important! Due to the peculiarities of growth, the pale grebe hatches from the Volvo, so such a thickened ring will be at the bottom of the leg.

Knowing all the characteristics of these representatives of the forest, you can independently go on a quiet hunt.

If you find a mushroom similar to champignon, it is recommended to consult a book or consult with experienced mushroom pickers.

Useful video