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See what “full homonyms” are in other dictionaries. Graphic homonyms

Homonyms- these are different in meaning, but identical sounding or spelling units of language - words, morphemes.
Derived from Greek homos- identical and onyma- Name.
There are several types of homonyms: full and partial, graphic and grammatical, phonetic and homonymous.

U full/absolute homonyms the entire system of forms coincides. For example, key(for castle) - key(spring), bugle(blacksmith) - bugle(wind instrument).
U partial Not all forms have the same sound. For example, weasel(animal) and weasel(show of endearment) diverge in the genitive case plural - caress - caress.

Graphic homonyms or homographs- words that are the same in spelling, but differ in pronunciation (in Russian due to differences in stress).
From Greek homos- identical and graphic- writing.
Atlas - atlas
lead - lead
whiskey - whiskey
road - road
castle - castle
smell - smell
great - great
goats - goats
lesok - lesok
little - little
flour - flour
hell - hell
pier - pier
forty - forty
Already - already

Grammatical homonyms or homoforms- words that sound the same only in some grammatical forms ah and at the same time most often belong to different parts speech.
I'm flying by plane and I'm flying throat (in other forms - fly and heal, flew and treated, etc.); acute saw And saw compote (in other forms - saw and drink, saw and drink, etc.).

Homonymous morphemes or homomorphemes- morphemes that are the same in their sound composition, but different in meaning.
Derived from Greek homos- identical and morphe- form.
For example, the suffix -tel in nouns teacher(meaning actor) And switch(the meaning of the current item); suffix -ets in words sage, male, cutter and brother; suffix -k(a) in words river, training, extras and graduate student.

And the most interesting Phonetic homonyms or homophones- words that sound the same but are spelled differently and have different meaning.
Derived from Greek ὀμόφωνο - "sound-likeness".
Examples in Russian:

threshold - vice - park,
meadow - onion, fruit - raft,
mascara - mascara,
fall - you will fall,
ball - score,
inert - bony,
betray - give,
emit - imitate.

In the Russian language, the two main sources of homophony are the phenomenon of deafening consonants at the end of words and before another consonant and the reduction of vowels in an unstressed position.

Homophony also includes cases of phonetic coincidence of a word and a phrase or two phrases. The letters used can be completely identical and the difference in spelling is only in the placement of spaces:

in place - together,
in everything - at all,
from mint - crushed,
from the hatch - and the angry one,
not mine - dumb.

In English, homophones arose as a result of the historically established different designations in writing for the same consonant or vowel sound, for example:

whole-hole,
knew - new.

In French There are whole series of homophones consisting of three to six words, one of the reasons for which is that in French many final letters are not readable.

Sources: Wikipedia, Dictionaries, Directories

Lexical homonyms are combined into rows, each of which includes at least two words belonging to the same part of speech. There are two types of lexical homonyms: complete and incomplete (partial). Full homonyms- these are words that coincide in all grammatical forms, for example: Lavka (1) - “bench” and Lavka (2) - “small premises for trading”.

These words will appear in the same forms in all cases, and the plural forms will also be the same. Incomplete homonyms- these are words belonging to the same part of speech, in which the system of grammatical forms does not completely coincide, for example:
Shelf - “a device for storing something”, can be in the form of units. and many more h. (shelf - shelves, many shelves);
Shelf - “destruction of weeds” (a verbal noun formed from the verb weed), exists only in the singular form. h.

So, from the first word the singular and plural forms are formed, from the second word it is impossible to form the plural form. Both complete and partial (incomplete) homonyms are studied by lexicology. One should distinguish from them phenomena that lexicology does not study, although it mentions them, comparing them with homonyms. In other words, other types of homonymy should be distinguished from lexical homonyms, both full and partial. In modern Russian, these types of homonymy are presented as follows.
1) Phonetic homonymy- words match only in sound:
Pond - rod, Carry - lead, Code - cat
Such words are called homophones.
2) Graphic homonymy- words coincide only in spelling while maintaining differences in sound:
zamok (to storm) - zamok (to close); steam (vegetables) - steam (in the clouds); a "tlas (geographical) - atla"s (type of fabric). Such words are called homographs.
3) Morphological homonyms- the coincidence of words belonging to different parts of speech in one or more grammatical forms: three (numeral) - three (command, incl. from the verb to rub); oven (verb in the infinitive form) - oven (noun in I.p.); simple (adjective) - simple (noun). Such words are called homoforms.

One more series of words should be distinguished from homonyms, which are called paronyms. Paronyms(from the Greek Para - about and Onyma - name) - these are words that are close in sound and morphemic structure, but have different meaning. Typically, paronyms are words formed from the same root, but using different affixes (suffixes, prefixes). For example: Put on (a coat on yourself) - dress (a child); Economical (person) - economical (regime) - economic (crisis); Escalator (moving staircase) - excavator (earthing machine); Zdravitsa (toast, congratulation) - health resort (sanatorium).

The similarity of paronymic words in sound and the common root in them is the main source of errors in their use. Paronyms are sometimes mixed up in speech, although they mean various phenomena. For example, they say “put on a coat” instead of “put on a coat.” Meanwhile, the verbs put on and dress differ in meaning: they put on what, and dress whom (put on a coat, hat, mittens - dress a child, a sick person). This example shows that paronyms differ not only in meaning, but also in compatibility with other words.

Homonyms are words that are identical in sound composition, but not related in meaning: Lezginka (dance) - Lezginka (woman); rook (chess piece) - rook (ship); ambassador (method of procuring food) - ambassador (diplomat). The identical external sound-letter and grammatical form of homonyms makes communication difficult, since distinguishing their meaning is possible only in context, in combination with other words. Homonyms, examples of which show this, cannot be understood without context: profitable proposition — impersonal offer; buds are blooming - cure the buds; right hand- right (innocent).

Types and examples of homonyms in Russian

Full lexical homonymy- this is a coincidence of words belonging to the same part of speech, in all forms: month (calendar) - month (luminary), car assembly (from the verb to collect) - assembly on fabric (fold), motive (musical) - motive ( behavior), read (book) - read (adults, parents), outfit (order) - outfit (clothing), note (diplomatic) - note (musical). Incomplete lexical homonymy implies a coincidence in the spelling and sound of words belonging to the same part of speech, not in all forms: stingray (wheel; inanimate) - stingray (to the river; inanimate) - stingray (fish; animate); dig a hole ( perfect view- bury) - bury medicine (perfect form - bury); crayfish (river animal) - cancer (disease, has only a singular number).

There are homonyms, examples of which can be seen below, associated with grammatical and sound changes: mouth - gender (pronounced like [roth]); three (from the verb to rub) - three (number); pair (boot) - (clubs) pair; oven (pirozhki) - (Russian) oven.

Homonyms: examples and types by structure

Root. They have a non-derivative basis: marriage (factory) and marriage (happy), peace (reigns in the family and state) and peace (the Universe).
Derived homonyms are the result of word formation: drill (drill song) and drill forest.

Phonetic, grammatical and graphic homonyms: examples of use

Homophones (phonetic homonyms) are words that are identical in sound composition, but different in spelling (letter composition): mushroom and flu, code and cat, fort and “Ford”, illuminate and consecrate, people and lyut.

Homographs (letter, graphic homonyms) are words that have the same letter composition, but differ in pronunciation: shelves - shelves, horns - horns, atlas - atlas, soar - soar (the stress in these words falls on different syllables).

Homoforms - the coincidence of grammatical forms of one word or different words: window glass (noun) - glass on the floor (verb it's time to go - summer time; hunting (predators) and hunting (desire); ice cream popsicle - frozen meat (noun and adjective); return in the spring - enjoy the spring (adverb and noun); leak on the floor - seal a leak (verb and noun).

Puns and homonyms: examples of words and casual statements

You need to be careful when using homonyms, since in some situations homonymy can distort the meaning of a statement and lead to comedy. For example, the words of a football match commentator: “In today’s match the players left without goals” can be understood in two ways. And even writers are not immune from such speech incidents:

"Did you hear?"
"You cannot be indifferent to evil."

- (from the Greek ὁμός identical and ονομα name) language units different in meaning, but identical in spelling and sound (words, morphemes, etc.). The term was introduced by Aristotle. Not to be confused with homophones. Contents 1 Classification 2 Examples 2.1 Words ... Wikipedia

Phonetic variants- – different pronunciation of borrowed words. This happens when borrowing foreign words V different time, from different languages, and also as a result varying degrees their mastery by native speakers. Wed. collapse - collapse, felucca - felucca, caliph -... ... Language contacts: a short dictionary

Homonymy- Homonyms (from the Greek ὁμός identical and ονομα name) are different in meaning, but identical in spelling and sound, language units (words, morphemes, etc.). The term was introduced by Aristotle. Not to be confused with homophones. Contents 1 Classification 2 Examples 2.1 Words ... Wikipedia

Homonym- This term has other meanings, see Homonym (meanings). Homonyms (ancient Greek: ὁμός identical + ὄνομα name) are different in meaning, but identical in sound and spelling, language units (words, morphemes, etc.). The term was introduced... ... Wikipedia

Homophone- This article lacks links to sources of information. Information must be verifiable, otherwise it may be questioned and deleted. You can... Wikipedia

Homophony

Homophones- Homophones, phonetic ambiguity, phonetic homonyms (ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος “consonant, consonant”) words that sound the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings. Examples in Russian: threshold vice parok, meadow onion, fruit ... Wikipedia

Phonetic ambiguity- Homophones, phonetic ambiguity, phonetic homonyms (ancient Greek ὁμόφωνος “consonant, consonant”) words that sound the same, but are spelled differently and have different meanings. Examples in Russian: threshold vice parok, meadow onion, fruit ... Wikipedia

NONSENSE- § 1. The word nonsense in Russian literary language means: nonsense, nonsense, nonsense, absurdity, nonsense, stupidity (cf. Dahl 1903, 1, p. 78). Often used in frozen “phrases”: talk nonsense, talk nonsense, flog nonsense, grind nonsense,... ... History of words

Expressive means of language- is a concept defined differently in the specialized literature in connection with ambiguous interpretation categories of expressiveness (see: Expressiveness of speech). In the works of some researchers V. s. are identified with stylistic figures(see for example... Stylistic encyclopedic Dictionary Russian language

graphic homonyms- see homographs...

Homonyms- (from the Greek ὁμός identical and ονομα name) language units different in meaning, but identical in spelling and sound (words, morphemes, etc.). The term was introduced by Aristotle. Not to be confused with homophones. Contents 1 Classification 2 Examples 2.1 Words ... Wikipedia

graphic homonyms- see homographs... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

Ambiguous term

Ambiguous term- Term (from Latin terminus limit, boundary) a word or phrase that accurately and unambiguously names a concept and its relationship with other concepts within a special sphere. Terms serve as specializing, restrictive designations... ... Wikipedia

homographs- (from Greek homos identical + grapho I write) different words, matching in spelling (but not in pronunciation). Category: language. Finely means of expression Synonym: graphic homonyms Antonym/correlative: homonyms Gender... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

Expressive means of language- is a concept defined differently in the specialized literature due to the ambiguous interpretation of the category of expressiveness (see: Expressiveness of speech). In the works of some researchers V. s. are identified with stylistic figures (see, for example... Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language

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