Volga, which current is fast or slow. Description of the river

When asked what is the fast or slow current of the Volga, asked by the author Adelina Kuasheva the best answer is The nature of the Volga flow

Features of lowland rivers

2. Slow flow rate
3. Wide shallow valley
Direction of flow





The place of separation of the Akhtuba branch is sometimes taken as the beginning of the Volga delta. It is more correct, however, to start counting the delta from the point of separation of the Buzan branch. From here the Volga is split into a dense network of branches and channels. The Volga delta is one of the largest deltas in our country. Numerous branches, channels, islands, lakes (here called ilmeny and poloi) and sand ridges (Berovskie hillocks) occupy a total of over 13,000 km2.

Answer from Neurologist[guru]
When we go up it is slow, but when we go down it is fast

Answer from Alexandra Gurgaeva[newbie]
The current at the Volga is slow

Answer from Affix[guru]
The average speed of the current is low - from 2 to 6 km / h.

Answer from Road[guru]
The Volga is a flat river, the current is slow.

Answer from Marina Loginova[newbie]
The Volga is flat.
therefore the flow is slow

Answer from Vika balandina[newbie]
slow

Answer from Elizaveta Viktorovna[newbie]
average

Answer from Olga Afanasyeva[newbie]
gne54ennekuapawywakuv45

Answer from Ksunchic richkova[newbie]
The Volga is a flat river, which means that it has slow flow.

Answer from Maxim Goncharov[active]
The nature of the Volga flow
The Volga is a typical flat river.
Features of lowland rivers
1. Small difference in height between mouth and source
2. Slow flow rate
3. Wide shallow valley
Direction of flow
The main direction of the Volga is to the south.
Flowing within the East European Plain, the Volga is a classic example of a plain river. Its longitudinal profile is close to the so-called equilibrium profile. The average slope is only 0.06 ° / oo. The drop is especially small in the lower reaches, where it does not exceed 0.02 ° / oo. According to the size and nature of the current, the Volga is usually divided into three parts: the upper course (Upper Volga) - from the source to Shcherbakov, the middle current ( Middle Volga) - from the city of Shcherbakov to the mouth of the Kama and the lower course (Lower Volga) - from the confluence of the Kama to the mouth.
In the upper reaches, within the Valdai Upland, the Volga passes through the chain of the Upper Volga lakes - Verkhit, Sterzh, Vselug, Peno and Volgo. At the source of the lake. As early as the middle of the last century (1843), a dam was built on the Volga - the Verkhnevolzhsky beishlot - designed to enhance the river's supply during low water and maintain navigable depths. Major tributaries Upper Volga - Selizharovka, Tverda, Mologa and Sheksna. During the Stalinist five-year plans, the Upper Volga was reconstructed, that is, radically rebuilt. Three powerful hydroelectric power plants have been built here: Ivankovskaya, Uglichskaya and Shcherbakovskaya. The dams of these hydroelectric power stations turned the Upper Volga into a chain of reservoir lakes, among which the Rybinsk reservoir is the largest in the world. Waters: this reservoir flooded the lower reaches of pp. Mologa and Shcheksny and the entire Molo-Sheksna interfluve.
In the middle course, downstream of Shcherbakov, the river becomes even more full-flowing; here a number of large tributaries flow into it, the most important of which are the Oka, Unzha, Vetluga and Sura. The regime of the middle course of the river has changed significantly and is highly dependent on releases from the Rybinsk reservoir. Below the confluence of the Kama, which in terms of its water content is almost equal to the Volga itself, the latter becomes especially full-flowing. The valley is 20-30 km wide. In the area of ​​Kuibyshev, the Volga, skirting Zhigulevskie mountains, forms a giant bend - Samara onion, where the valley narrows to 2-W km. The asymmetric structure of the valley is characteristic: the right bank is high and steep everywhere, and the left bank is gentle and low. The valley expands especially strongly below Stalingrad. Here the Volga on the left separates the first arm - r. Akhtuba, which then flows as an independent stream parallel to the main channel of the Volga.
The vast space between the Volga and: Akhtuba, cut by numerous channels and old rivers, is called the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. Spills within the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain reach 20-30 km. The Lower Volga receives only relatively small tributaries: Samara, Bolshoi Irgiz and Eruslan.
The place of separation of the Akhtuba branch is sometimes taken as the beginning of the Volga delta. It is more correct, however, to start counting the delta from the point of separation of the Buzan branch. From here the Volga is split into a dense network of branches and channels. The Volga delta is one of the largest deltas in our country. Numerous branches, channels, islands, lakes (here called ilmeny and poloi) and sand ridges (Berovskie hillocks) occupy a total of over 13,000 km2.

Ob, one of the largest rivers in Russia and the whole world; the third river in terms of water content in the Russian Federation. Formed by the confluence of the Biya and Katun rivers in Altai, flows from South to North through the territory Western Siberia and flows into the Ob Bay Kara Sea... The length of the river is 3650 km, if we count with the source of the Irtysh, then 5410 km. The pool area is 2990 thousand sq. km, according to this characteristic, the river ranks first in the Russian Federation. Most of the pool (approximately 85%) is located on West Siberian Plain... A significant part of the basin is covered with forests and swamps. More than 50 species of fish live in the waters of the Ob, some of them are commercial. The most valuable species: sturgeon, nelma, sterlet, muksun, broad, peled, whitefish. River flow The river crosses several climatic zones... In the south, in the upper reaches of the Ob, grapes, watermelons and melons grow, in the north, in the lower reaches of the Ob, this is already the tundra and the harsh Arctic. The Novosibirsk reservoir is located in the southern part of the Ob. The Novosibirsk hydroelectric power station was built from 1950 to 1961; during the creation of the reservoir, most of the city of Berdsk and many villages were flooded. The upper section of the basin is located in the mountains, where the river has a well-developed valley with many floodplain terraces. To the mouth of the Charysh River, the Ob flows in low, uncovered banks, the channel is replete with channels, rifts, islands. Closer to Barnaul, the floodplain and valley widen. From Barnaul to Kamnya-na-Obi, the valley widens to 10 km and is asymmetric with steep left and gentle right slopes; the wide floodplain is cut by channels, oxbows and lakes. Near the town of Kamnya-na-Obi, the valley and floodplain narrow to kilometers, in the channel there are sections with rocky ledges. In the southern part of the city of Novosibirsk, the river is blocked by a dam, which formed a reservoir - the Ob Sea. After Novosibirsk, the valley widens significantly and reaches 20 km to the mouth of the Tom, depths up to 6 m Below the mouths of the Tom and Chulym, the Ob river becomes a large full-flowing river and, until it merges with the Irtysh, flows within the taiga zone. The valley is up to 50 km wide with a floodplain covered with a dense network of canals. Depth up to 8 m.
Most large tributaries: Ket, Tom, Chulym, Tym, Tromyegan, Vakh, Lyamin, Nazym, Shegarka, Chaya, Vasyugan, Parabel, Bolshoi Yugan, Bolshoy Salym, Irtysh.After the confluence of the Irtysh, the Ob turns to the North. The valley is very wide, more than 50 km, with a low left bank and a steep right bank. In the area of ​​Peregrebnoye and Salekhard it narrows to 4-8 km. The vast left-bank floodplain is cut by canals, branches, lakes; in high water it reaches a width of up to 40-50 km. From Irtysh to Peregrebnoye, the Ob flows in one deep channel with a depth of at least 4 m, then the river is divided into the Big and Small Ob. After their confluence, the Ob riverbed has a depth of more than 10 m.

The Oryol region has a well-developed river network. However, most of the Oryol rivers are either the sources of large rivers, or their small tributaries. In the territory Oryol region are the sources of the largest rivers of the European part of Russia - the Oka, Don and Dnieper. Therefore, the Oryol region is a geographic center of nutrition of the most important river systems European part of Russia. On its territory, the surface runoff of the rivers of the Volga basin is formed. The catchments of the rivers are separated by two watersheds. The first runs from the town of Maloarkhangelsk to the north to the village of Alekseevka, then to the northeast to the Verkhovye station and to the village of Pankovo. This hilly area is a watershed between the Oka and Zusha rivers with its Neruch tributary and the Sosnaya river with the Trudy river tributary. In the central part of the region, there are elevated hills, which represent the watershed of the Oka and Zushi rivers, which in its southern part in the Maloarkhangelsk region connects with the watersheds of the Oka and Sosna, Oka and Desna. The second watershed between the basins of the Oka and Desna rivers is located in the southwestern part. The Oka basin occupies 60% of the region's territory; it includes 1377 rivers and streams. The Don basin includes 529 watercourses, the Dnieper - 195. The water fund of the region has over 2,100 watercourses with a total length of 9,154 km, including about 180 watercourses with a length of 10 or more kilometers and with a total length of over 4,000 km. Large rivers of the Oryol region - Oka and Zusha are used to generate electricity. On the river Oka has a hydroelectric power station Shakhovskaya with a capacity of 510 kW, on the river Zusha - Novosilskaya (210 kW) and Lykovskaya (760 kW). The construction of dams at these power plants significantly affected the ecology of some fish species inhabiting the Oka and Zusha. The longest and most abundant rivers in the region are: Oka (average annual runoff at the border with Tula region-2058 million m3); R. Zusha (tributary of the Oka, average annual flow - 988.6 million m3); R. Pine (a tributary of the Don, the average annual flow at the border with Lipetsk region- 687.0 million m3). In the southeastern part of the region, there are the basins of the Navli and Nerussa rivers flowing into the Desna (a tributary of the Dnieper river), with a total annual flow of 210 million m3. The relief of the area determines the slow, calm flow of rivers. The rivers Zusha, Sosna and a number of other smaller rivers, due to the significant difference in heights, have a rather fast flow. climatic factors- number atmospheric precipitation, seasonal air temperature and humidity. In addition, the relief of the area has some influence on the amount of runoff, geological structure underlying rocks, waterlogged watersheds and the presence of woodlands. Great importance in the formation of surface runoff has human economic activity and technogenic load on landscapes [ Natural resources, 2002]. The regional water fund is replenished through the creation of reservoirs and ponds that accumulate runoff spring flood... The water quality of many ponds is improved by numerous springs that feed the ponds, preventing them from drying out and improving flow. In total, there are more than 1730 ponds in the region with a total area of ​​2800-3000 hectares. [Blinnikov V.I. et al., 1989; Fedorov A. V., 1960]. Of these, as of 01.09.2005, the Administration of the Oryol Region approved the list of fishing grounds. This list includes 608 reservoirs with a total area of ​​5105.6 hectares. Table 1 shows the distribution of reservoirs intended for fish farming by districts of the region.

Amazon moves at a speed of 15 km / h

The fastest river in the world is considered to be the Amazon River, which already has several titles of "very-very". Among them, such titles as the deepest (7,180,000 km 2), the deepest (its depth in some places reaches 135 meters), the longest (7,100 km) and the widest (in some places the Amazon delta has a width of 200 km) ... Downstream of the Amazon average consumption water is approximately 200-220 thousand cubic meters, which corresponds to the speed of the river flow 4.5-5 m / s or 15 km / h! In the rainy season, this figure rises to 300 thousand m 3.

The bed of each river consists of an upper, middle and lower course. In this case, the upper course is characterized by large slopes, which contributes to its greater erosion activity. The lower course is distinguished by the highest water mass and lower speed.

How is current velocity measured?

To measure the speed of the flow of the river, the units of measure are used - meters per second. At the same time, do not forget that the speed of the water flow is not the same in different parts rivers. It gradually increases, originating from the bottom and walls of the channel and gaining the greatest power in the middle part of the stream. The average current velocity is calculated based on measurements taken in several sections of the channel. Moreover, at least five point measurements are carried out on each section of the river.

To measure the speed of the water flow, a special measuring device is used - a hydrometric spinner, which descends to a certain depth strictly perpendicular to the surface of the water and after twenty seconds you can take the readings of the device. Having data on average speed the river and its approximate cross-sectional area, the water discharge of the river is calculated.

Reverse flow of the Amazon

In addition, the Amazon River is the owner reverse flow that occurs during ocean tides. Water streams with tremendous speed - 25 km / h or 7 m / sec, they are driven back to the mainland. At the same time, the waves reach 4-5 meters in height. The further a wave travels on land, the less its destructive effect becomes. The tides stop at a distance of up to 1400 kilometers upstream of the Amazon. Such a natural phenomenon received the name "vice" - thundering water.

Complete assignments for group work.

1) Make a list water bodies your edge.

There are up to 2,000 rivers and streams, of which 323 are more than 10 km long. The rivers of the Moscow region belong entirely to the Volga basin.

The largest rivers in the Moscow region are the Oka and Moscow with their tributaries. The third large river the Klyazma region.

Rivers: Moscow, Yauza, Klyazma, Setun, Skhodnya, Khimka.
Lakes: Beloe, Kosinskie lakes, Svyatoe (lake, Moscow), Trostenskoe, Nerskoe, Krugloye
Swamps: Black, Great, Holy, Oak

2) Fill in the tables.

Table 1. Description of the river.

Table 2. Description of Moscow - rivers

Use the tutorial to make a diagram.

The value of water resources in nature and human life

Using the diagram, explain the importance of water resources.

Think about what environmental concerns are expressed by these signs. Formulate and write down.

Suggest conservation measures for class discussion that can help solve these problems.

Ant Question and Wise Turtle ask you to write a letter to your peers from other cities and villages, urging you to take care of water resources. In your letter, try to prove that water resources in any corner of the country they need protection.

Boys and girls! Everything water resources(rivers, lakes, seas, oceans, streams) are the most important wealth of our planet. Net drinking water essential for the life of people, animals and plants. Life is impossible without water! The water is home to a wide variety of fish and other animals that participate in a variety of food webs. In addition, a person has learned to use water resources in his economic activity... Protect water resources: keep the water clean, clear springs and streams, protect plants and animals. Save water!