Clock lathe with 1. Why is a lathe needed?

The turning unit, which will be discussed in this article, is equipped with a complex of numerical program control, allowing for high level efficiency is carried out in several passes or in one processing of internal (with a cross-section of no more than 100 centimeters) and external (with a cross-section of no more than 50 centimeters) parts of bodies of rotation. The profile of the processed workpieces can be curved or stepped.

The machine is most often used in small- and medium-scale production.
16K20T1 was created on the basis of a universal one by specialists from the Moscow enterprise "Red Proletary". In terms of working movements, components and layout, these two units are completely identical. The design of these machines is also unified. The CNC equipment we are interested in is manufactured in three versions:

1. With tool holder manual view, adapted for the installation of replaceable blocks, and a spindle head operating at two speeds.
2. With automatic type tool holder and automatic multi-speed gearbox (9 different speeds).
3. With automatic type tool holder and automatic continuously variable gearbox.

The input of the processing program on all versions of the machines is carried out from a memory cassette (external) or from the keyboard, while the information is visualized on the digital display lamps. The basic device for the numerical program control of the machine is “Electronics NTs-31”. At one time, the unit was manufactured to specific orders industrial enterprises, so now you can find installations with different specialized variations of CNC settings.

Many design elements and characteristics of 16K20T1 are similar to those indicated official description(passport) . At the same time, the program control system of the turning equipment we are considering has a contour two-coordinate control, which distinguishes it from the mentioned 16K20F3. This system– closed, it provides linear-circular interpolation.

This means that the working components of the machine in Z- and X-coordinates are performed using special feed drives (they are servo drives). Moreover, the feedback of the drives is provided by sensors of the photopulse operating principle. By State standard 8–71 units are assigned increased level accuracy ("P").

2 Components 16K20T1

Before describing specifications machine, we will provide a list of its components and elements. These include:

• carriage;
• base;
• movable and fixed fencing;
• bed;
• drive for movement in the longitudinal direction;
• spindle head;
• control cabinet;
• rotary tool holder;
• thread cutting indicator drive;
• tailstock;
• motor mechanism equipped with a poly-V belt drive;
• electrical equipment;
• a ball screw pair that ensures movement of the machine tool in the longitudinal direction;
• lubrication system;
• drive (electromechanical) of the quill, which is located on the tailstock;
• powered chuck with its own electromechanical drive;
• screen device for setting up working devices;
• manual control mechanism;
• feed drive cabinet.

Also on the list components The machine includes a control panel, a gearbox (automatic), a central lubrication complex, a gearbox and a cross-feed drive, and a stationary steady rest. The design also includes branched communication lines laid along the carriage and throughout the entire unit.

The control panel 16K20T1 has the following elements: "spindle jog" (button); “introductory machine” (handle); “voltage” (signaling lamp indicating the presence of voltage); “lubrication of guides” (special button for starting the lubrication mechanism); “Gearbox lubrication” (warning lamp); "blocking of the input circuit breaker" (mechanical switch).

• handles: selection of spindle speed and range of rotation, clamping on the tailstock frame;
• chuck pedal;
• "Stop" and "Start" switches for spindle feed, cooling, control panel locking;
• double pedal for moving the quill;
• control Panel;
• manual movement of the carriage (special axis).

The OSU system of the unit is controlled by a control panel equipped with an indication that is clear to the operator. And the movements of the caliper are carried out by a manual generator.

Machine feed characteristics - thread pitches: maximum - 40.959 mm, minimum - 0.01 mm; caliper movement: transverse – 250 mm, longitudinal – 900 mm (the feed speed is 1 and 2 m/min, respectively); the number of working devices in the turret type head is 6. The unit provides high speed at a speed of 6 mm/min. The speed of conventional transverse strokes ranges from 0.005 to 1.4 mm/min, longitudinal strokes - from 0.01 to 2.8 mm/min.

The 1K62 lathe was produced by the Krasny Proletary plant in Moscow for 15 years. Being a popular model, it was known throughout the USSR as equipment that allows the mass production of a variety of products with standard sizes.

Why do you need a lathe?

The 1K62 turning unit can process blanks with complex and curved surfaces using such metal-cutting tools as:

• incisors;
• drill;
• sweeps;
• taps;
• dies and countersinks of all types and sizes.

The range of capabilities of the 1K62 screw-cutting lathe is quite wide. It can process products of both small diameter and light weight, as well as large parts. When fixing the blank in the chuck, its weight can reach 0.3 tons. When fixing the product in the centers, its weight can reach 1.3 tons.

In addition to traditional turning tasks, the 1K62 machine allows you to perform turning of any of five types of threads:

• Archimedean;
• modular;
• pitching;
• metric;
• inch.

The unit is equipped with a rigid spindle mounted on special bearings, which makes it possible to process hardened steel blanks. Modification 1K62 belongs to the frontal series machines. In other words, this machine is capable of processing parts with a large diameter but short length. The device provides end adjustment for the tailstock, which makes it possible to sharpen flat cones.

Advantages of the model

The list of main advantages thanks to which the value of the 1K62 screw-cutting lathe is justified among both craftsmen and amateurs:

• Possibility of setting feed and rotation speed parameters in a fairly wide range.
• The transmission chains of the 1K62 lathe, some of its components and components of its device are characterized by high strength and rigidity.
• The design of the unit, equipped with a powerful motor, is assembled in such a way as to effectively withstand vibration effects.
• The standard set of the machine includes two steady rests to eliminate deformation of long parts during processing and spare gears that transmit driving torque from the headstock to the gearbox.
• The machine makes it possible to perform high-precision processing of products even under shock loads (their impact is perfectly compensated by special bearings).
• A special electric drive with a power of 1 kW ensures the movement of the machine support. The output shaft of this electric drive, responsible for the rapid movement of the caliper, rotates at speeds of up to 1410 rpm.
• The tailstock of the unit is capable of moving in the transverse direction, which makes it possible to use the 1K62 machine for processing flat cone-shaped workpieces.
• The electrical circuit of the machine has fuse links and thermal circuit breakers to protect it from short circuits and overheating during operation.
• The spindle of the 1K62 screw-cutting lathe is equipped with high-strength bearings.
• In cases where a drill is installed in the tailstock to make holes in the parts, it can be attached to the bottom of the caliper in a rigid way thanks to a special clamp, and it can be moved by a mechanical drive.
• The machine has a high vibration resistance.
• Developed over sixty years ago, lathe 1K62 can be used with equal efficiency for both power and high-speed turning tasks, which is not inherent in every modern unit.

Review of lathe 1k62

Features of the machine device

For the purpose of a general understanding of the structure of the machine, you should familiarize yourself with its main components:

• The headstock is the main functional organ, which includes a cast iron body, a spindle assembly and a gearbox. It is designed to fix and ensure rotation of the workpiece being processed. The key element of the headstock is the spindle, which has the shape of a steel hollow shaft. The front of the spindle has a standard thread.
• Guitar - is provided for adjusting the feed or pitch of the machine's threads made by installing the appropriate spare gears. IN modern models machines are actually not used.
• The feed box is the unit unit that transmits torque from the spindle to the lead screw and shaft. It is responsible for changing the number of revolutions per minute when the drive shaft rotates, which achieves the longitudinal and transverse movement of the caliper at a set speed.
• The bed is a cast iron base where the main mechanisms of the machine are located. At the top, the bed includes two flat and two prismatic guide strips for the movement of the tailstock and slide. The bed is mounted on two pedestals.
• The apron is designed to transform the rotation of the drive shaft into rectilinear movement calipers
• A support is one of the main elements of a 1K62 screw-cutting lathe, which provides longitudinal, transverse and inclined, relative to the axis of the unit, movement of the tool holder with the cutter. The cutter can move either manually or automatically in the longitudinal and transverse direction in relation to the bed. The support includes a carriage, an apron, cross slide mechanisms, upper slide mechanisms, and cutter holder mechanisms.
• The tailstock is designed to hold the end of long workpieces during processing and to install and feed cutting tools such as drills, countersinks, and reamers.
• The cabinet with electrical equipment ensures the start of the electric drive, starting and stopping the machine, controls the operation of gearboxes and feeds, controls the operation of the apron mechanism, etc. using the appropriate controls (handles, buttons, flywheels).

Guitar machine detail

Lubrication system of main elements

The lubrication system of the 1K62 screw-cutting lathe provides for automatic lubrication of the working elements of the unit. The oil container is the starting component in the system. It is located in the headstock housing, more precisely, in its lower part. The piping in the system ensures that oil reaches the machine component that needs lubrication.

The lubricating fluid is driven by a plunger pump, which pushes it into a system of tubes suitable for various parts of the unit. This pump is located on the bottom cover of the apron. It works thanks to a cam mechanism, which, in turn, moves due to the shaft.

Moving through the system, the lubricant passes through the filter to the front spindle bearing and onto the tray. The weight of the liquid does not allow the oil to remain on the components in large volumes. Thus, the lubricant randomly flows down and falls on the gears and other components of the mechanism. The rear spindle bearing is lubricated using two methods.

The second, auxiliary, method includes the wick lubrication method. You can determine the presence of oil in the system by looking through the small window on the left side of the upper headstock cover, where a stream of lubricating fluid will be clearly visible. The cross rail of the frame along which the caliper moves is lubricated manually as needed. For this purpose, a faucet is provided, which is located above it.

The passport contains basic information about the 1K62 machine; its technical characteristics are described, starting with the basic parameters:

• value of the maximum permissible processing diameter: above the support – 22 cm; above the bed – 40 cm;
• the permissible length of the blank is 150 cm;
• maximum weight of the workpiece: in the chuck - does not exceed 0.5 tons, in the centers - does not exceed 1.5 tons;
• total weight is 2.14 tons;
• Dimensions – 2810*1170*1330 mm.

The machine spindle has the following characteristics:

• hole diameter – 4.7 cm;
• rod diameter – does not exceed 4.5 cm;
• number of rotation speeds – 25 pcs;
• maximum permissible speed indicators - from 12.5 to 2000 rpm;
• frequency at reverse– no higher than 2420 rpm;
• spindle cone brand – M6.

Caliper feed parameters:

• carriage stroke: 133, 93 and 64 cm;
• the magnitude of the transverse stroke of the caliper is up to 25 cm;
• number of longitudinal feed stages – 49 pcs;
• feed speed during heavy traffic: longitudinal – 3.4, transverse – 1.7 m/min;
• number of standard sizes of metric type turned threads – 44 pcs;
• The maximum permissible thread turning pitch is from 0.1 to 19.2 cm.

Video: Lathe 1K62

Designed for finishing turning operations, as well as for cutting metric, inch, modular and pitch threads. The workpiece is installed in centers, chucks or collets.

was produced at the Srednevolzhsky Machine Tool Plant, the city of Kuibyshev, in the early seventies of the last century. With the collapse of the USSR, the plant ceased to exist.

CNC lathe 16B16T1S1, 16B16F3 today

CNC lathe 16B16T1S1 and 16B16F3 not released today. However, they have been replaced by machines of a more modern design, equipped with modern high-quality components and reliable electrical equipment. Thanks to the use of computer-aided design of beds, an increased accuracy class for a lathe produced at a modern machine tool plant is rather the rule today. At the same time, prices for modern machines are quite comparable to prices for machines of the old “Soviet” design.

Price

CNC lathe 16B16T1S1 and 16B16F3, due to discontinuation of production, it is impossible to buy a new one. There are quite a lot of used turning and screw-cutting stacks on the market, the condition and price of which depend on the intensity of their use. Quite often you can find machines in good condition at a low price. There are many offers for machines 16B16T1S1 and 16B16F3 after a major overhaul - here the price depends both on the initial condition of the machine and on the amount of work performed: there are both simply repainted “refreshed” copies, and those with a re-ground bed, new components and electrics. The latest lathes often come with a warranty. There are also new analogues of CNC lathes models 16B16T1S1 and 16B16F3. At the same time, we strongly recommend that you pay attention to much more modern machines made in Europe.

Modern analogues

Our catalog of lathes presents TRENS screw-cutting lathes made in Slovakia. Possessing modern design and the best German components combined with a relatively low price for this level of machines, TRENS screw-cutting lathes are one of best offers in terms of price/quality ratio.