Professions by groups. Multifaceted world of professions

Sections: Technology

Class: 9

The purpose of the lesson: To create conditions for the formation of information competence of students for an informed choice of profession based on familiarity with the world of professions.

Equipment:

• dictionary of professions,
• computer for demonstrating the presentation "Classification of professions"

You've probably noticed how quickly and accurately the librarian finds the book the reader needs. The easiest way to find it is if you know the author and title - the alphabetical catalog will help with this. But it happens that a reader is looking for literature on a topic that interests him, without knowing either the author or the title. Then a thematic catalogue, through which you can find the books you need, comes to the aid of the librarian. Classification helps you find a book - rules for placing books on shelves. In biology lessons you study the classification of the natural world, in chemistry lessons the classification chemical elements. In the broadest sense of the word, classification is a meaningful order of things. Slide 3.

The classification of professions is based on its own laws. There are about forty thousand professions in the world, and every year dozens of old ones disappear and hundreds of new ones arise. Some professions flirtatiously change their names, pretending to be modern. You won’t immediately understand that the bartender is a bartender, and the manager is a manager. Classifying professions alphabetically will help you navigate them if you know the names of all forty thousand professions. How many professions do you know?

Task No. 1. “Name your profession.” All students take turns naming professions. Anyone who cannot remember a profession within three seconds or repeats one that has already been named is eliminated from the game. If the guys name not a profession, but a position (boss, director, president), such answers are not accepted. The game continues until there is only one winner left.

IN different countries There are classifications that unite professions according to various criteria: place of work, degree of independence, speed of promotion, etc. Professions can be divided into industries. For example, the clothing industry. There are all sorts of professions there - fashion designers, equipment adjusters, mechanics, artists, seamstresses and motorists of various specialties, economists, and accountants. But is it possible to adapt an industry to your interests and inclinations? You can only try on a profession. That is why it is important to know the classification of professions based on essential features (E.A. Klimov. How to choose a profession).

• Slide 4. It is interesting that back in the 18th century, the famous historian and statesman V.N. Tatishchev proposed his classification of species professional activity:
• necessary sciences (education, healthcare, economics, law);
• useful sciences (agriculture, physics, biology, mathematics);
• dandy or pleasure sciences (literature and art);
• vain sciences (alchemy, astrology);
• sabotage sciences (witchcraft).

Slide 5. In our country, the four-level classification of professions E.A. is most often used. Klimov, according to which all professions can be divided into five subjects, three goals, four means and four working conditions.

Slide 6. According to Klimov, five large groups of professions can be distinguished depending on the subject of labor - “technology”, “man”, “nature”, “sign”, “ artistic image"This is the first level of classification.

1. TECHNIQUE (T). This group includes professions related to the production, maintenance and design of any equipment, from space rockets and computers to the anvil and hammer of the blacksmith. Engineer, designer, pilot, machinist, driver, electrician, builder, car mechanic, plumber, miner, engine tester - just to name a few. The peculiarity of technical objects is that they can be accurately measured and calculated, therefore professions in this group require a person to have a combination of a practical mindset and creative abilities, accuracy, and good health.

What type of thinking is typical for technology professionals?

2. MAN (H). Doctor, nurse, teacher, educator, waiter, lawyer, salesman, hairdresser, tour guide - all these professions belong to the same group, because they have one subject of labor - a person. These professions have a special social significance. They require patience and exactingness from a person, the ability to take responsibility and control their emotions. The main content of labor in these professions is effective interaction between people. Some qualities contribute to successful work, while others complicate it. If you have an increased need for communication, contacts with people will delight you; if you have a low need, they will tire you. Increased level aggression is unacceptable for specialists in this field. By the way, the ability to communicate productively is necessary for each of us.

What temperament is conducive to communicating with other people?

3. NATURE (P). This group includes all professions related to living and inanimate nature. Research, study and use natural resources, caring for animals and plants, their treatment - here possible types activities. Professions of this group: agronomist, breeder, livestock specialist, veterinarian, dog handler, plant breeder, geologist, game warden, ecologist, land reclamation specialist. People of these professions are united by a love of nature. But this love is active, not contemplative. It's one thing to play with pets and admire flowers. And it’s quite another thing to regularly, day after day, look after them, observe, treat, walk them, regardless of personal time and plans. To be successful in this activity, you need to be strong and resilient, caring and patient, not afraid of difficulties and not expecting quick results.

What type of thinking is typical for successful specialists in this field?

4. SIGN (3). This group includes all professions associated with the use of oral and writing, working with documents and numbers. These are the professions of economist, accountant, linguist, mathematician, programmer, and notary. The subject of labor for these professions is the “sign system,” that is, all information that can be presented in the form of texts, formulas, signs, codes, graphs, diagrams and drawings. Much, if not everything, depends on the reliability and timeliness of information in our lives. Therefore, it is important for a specialist who works with signs to be able, on the one hand, to abstract from real physical, chemical, mechanical properties objects, and on the other hand, to imagine and understand the characteristics of real phenomena and objects behind the signs. Professions in this group place special demands on a person’s thinking, memory and attention.

What type of thinking is typical for a specialist in the field of sign information?

5. ARTISTIC IMAGE (X). This group includes professions related to visual, musical, literary and artistic, acting and stage activities. Creating works of art - special process. Contemporaries are not always able to appreciate a brilliant artist, poet or composer living nearby, because talent tends to outstrip its time. Therefore, fame and recognition often come to creators only after death. But a person engaged in creativity experiences incomparable joy. To master creative professions, desire alone is not enough - you need creative abilities, talent, and hard work. What type of temperament is most often found in people of art?

Many professions are difficult to classify as one subject of labor. For example, a good secretary must not only be a specialist in the field of sign information (working with documents), but also be able to use a computer and office equipment, and communicate effectively with people. A good teacher, in addition to professional knowledge and communication skills, must have artistry.

Slide 8. Pyramid of professions

Task No. 2. "Hot on the heels." List the objects of labor according to Klimov’s classification.

(As the teacher explains, the children independently fill out all four floors of the pyramid, writing down abbreviated names of objects of labor on the first level, goals of labor on the second, means of labor on the third, working conditions on the fourth level, emphasizing the objects, goals, and means preferred for each and working conditions.)

When choosing a profession, first of all, they keep in mind the subject of work. Thus, the concept of “object of labor” is the basis for further classification, the foundation of the pyramid invented by Professor E.A. Klimov.

Slide 9. Students complete the task.

Slide 10. Regardless of the subject of work, all professions are classified according to three goals of work: gnostic, transformative, exploratory. This is the second level.

1. Gnostic professions (D) Gnostic, or cognitive, goals of work can be varied: sort, compare, check, evaluate. Gnostic professions can be found among any of five types of professions: “Nature” - laboratory biologist, exterior specialist; "Technique" - radio equipment controller, tester; "Man" - forensic expert, sociologist; "Sign" - proofreader, auditor; "Artistic image" - art critic, theater critic. These professions place certain demands on the worker: cognitive activity, observation, stability of attention, memory, thinking, and responsibility are necessary.

2. Transformative professions (P) Transformative human activity can be aimed at objects, energy, information, processes. In some cases, the results can be seen immediately - a builder, a blacksmith, an artist, in others - the results wait months and years (breeder, educator). The predominance of practical or mental activity of a specialist depends on the subject and content of his work: “Nature” - livestock breeder, plant breeder, livestock specialist; "Technology" - mechanic, machine operator; "Man" - teacher, coach; "Znak" - layout designer, accountant; "Artistic image" - graphic designer, fashion designer.

3. Exploratory professions (I) The purpose of the work of professions of this class is to search for something new, unknown. "Nature" - fisheries inspector, game warden, research biologist; "Technology" - design engineer; "Man" - supply agent, production organizer; "sign" - programmer, mathematician; "Artistic image" - composer, designer. Many professions combine characteristics of different classes.

Slide 12. The goals of labor make up the second floor of Klimov’s pyramid.

Slide 13. Students complete the task.

Slide 14. At the next level, professions are classified by tools, or means of labor. The means of labor can be real and functional.

Slide 15. Material tools of labor are a carpenter’s hammer and ax, a surgeon’s scalpel, a musician’s violin, a teacher’s pointer, a programmer’s computer. Material means of labor are manual (R)- scalpel, screwdriver, cutter, brush; mechanical (M)- sewing machine, car, crane; automatic (A)- automatic and semi-automatic lines, robotic systems.

Functional tools (F) invisible. This is the eye of a carpenter, the tactile sensations of a surgeon, the inspiration of a musician, the knowledge of a teacher and programmer.

Slide 16. The means of labor constitute the third level of our pyramid.

Slide 17. Students complete the task.

Slide 18. Each profession involves working in certain conditions: in the office and under water, underground and in space, in hot shops, outdoors at any time of the year. There are four groups of working conditions:

B - ordinary, everyday microclimate (laboratory assistant, accountant, salesman, scientist);

O - open air (agronomist, traffic police inspector, installer, geologist);

N - unusual conditions (miner, astronaut, submariner, firefighter);

M - increased moral responsibility for the health and life of people, for great material values ​​(teacher, doctor, judge, security guard).

Slide 19. The diver examines water areas, the underwater part of structures and ships, finds and repairs damage in ship hulls and hydraulic structures, lays cable lines and pipelines under water, lifts sunken ships, cuts and welds metal structures under water; conducts research.

Underground navigators - surveyors - using special instruments, make measurements and calculations, draw up underground maps, working underground, on the ground, and at a desk. They work with pinpoint precision, because a deviation of even five centimeters when tunneling in the opposite direction is unacceptable.

Pilots civil aviation They not only transport cargo and passengers. They are updating maps of the area and putting out forest fires. Rolls, climb angles, speeds, directions, the state of on-board systems - all this is in the pilot’s field of vision.

A doctor, educator, teacher are responsible for the life, health, and full education of people. Their work, like the work of a pilot, is associated with increased moral and material responsibility.

Slide 20. Working conditions constitute the fourth level of Klimov’s pyramid.

Slide 21. Students complete the task.

Slide 22. Using this classification, any profession can be designated by a formula of four letters indicating the corresponding attribute. Almost every profession has several characteristics. Therefore, the main thing is to highlight the main and secondary characteristics.

Control questions.

1. The base of the “Klimov pyramid” is:

a) working conditions;

b) subject of labor;

c) means of labor;

c) goals of work.

2. The subject of the driver’s work is:

A) technique;

b) person;

c) nature;

d) artistic image.

3. The teacher works:

a) in domestic conditions;

b) outdoors;

c) in unusual conditions;

G) in conditions of increased responsibility.

4. Hand tools are necessary for work:

A) surgeon;

b) astronaut;

Source: Federal Institute for Educational Development - FIRO

NGO professions in accordance with the List of primary professions vocational education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated September 28, 2009 No. 354, are distributed according to the profiles of the professional education received as follows:

technical profile – 100000 Service sector ( professions: 100102.01 Projectionist; 100107.01 Mechanic for operation and repair of gas equipment; 100115.01 Dry cleaning operator); 110000 Agriculture and fisheries ( professions: 110800.01 Master of agricultural production; 110800.02 Tractor driver for agricultural production; 110800.03 Electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment in agricultural production; 110800.04 Master for maintenance and repair of machine and tractor fleet); 130000 Geology, exploration and development of mineral resources; 140000 Energy, power engineering and electrical engineering; 150000 Metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking; 160000 Aviation and rocket and space technology; 180000 Marine technology; 190000 Vehicles; 200000 Instrumentation and optics; 210000 Electronic engineering, radio engineering and communications; 220000 Automation and control; 230000 Informatics and computer technology; 240000 Chemical and biotechnology (except for professions: 240100.02 Laboratory assistant-ecologist; 240700.01 laboratory analyst); 250000 Reproduction and processing of forest resources ( with the exception of professions: 250101.01 Forestry master; 250109.01 Master of gardening and landscape construction); 260000 Technology of food products and consumer goods ( except for profession 260807.01 Cook, pastry chef); 270000 Architecture and construction; 280000 Life safety, environmental management and environmental protection, 070000 Culture and art;

natural science profile– 110000 Agriculture and fisheries ( except for professions: 110800.01 Master of agricultural production; 110800.02 Tractor driver for agricultural production; 110800.03 Electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment in agricultural production; 110800.04 Master for maintenance and repair of machine and tractor fleet); 240000 Chemical and biotechnology (professions: 240100.02 Laboratory assistant-ecologist; 240700.01 laboratory analyst); 250000 Reproduction and processing of forest resources ( professions: 250101.01 Forestry master; 250109.01 Master of gardening and landscape construction); 260000 Technology of food products and consumer goods ( profession 260807.01 Cook, pastry chef);

socio-economic profile – 030000 Humanities; 040000 Social Sciences; 060000 Healthcare; 080000 Economics and management; 100000 Service sector ( except for professions: 100102.01 Projectionist; 100107.01 Mechanic for operation and repair of gas equipment; 100115.01 Dry cleaning operator);

Specialties of secondary vocational education, provided for by the List of specialties of secondary vocational education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia dated September 28, 2009 No. 355, are distributed according to the profiles of the vocational education received as follows:

technical – groups of specialties: 090000 Information Security; 110000 Agriculture and fisheries ( 110800 Agricultural engineering); 120000 Geodesy and land management; 130000 Geology, exploration and development of mineral resources; 140000 Energy, power engineering and electrical engineering; 150000 Metallurgy, mechanical engineering and metalworking; 160000 Aviation and rocket and space technology; 180000 Marine technology; 190000 Vehicles; 200000 Instrumentation and optics; 210000 Electronic engineering, radio engineering and communications; 220000 Automation and control; 230000 Informatics and computer technology; 250000 Reproduction and processing of forest resources (except 250100 Forestry and landscape construction); 260000 Technology of food products and consumer goods; 270000 Architecture and construction; 050000 Education and pedagogy ( 051000 Professional education(by industry);

natural science– groups of specialties: 020000 Natural Sciences; 060000 Healthcare; 110000 Agriculture and fisheries (excluding 110800 Agricultural engineering); 240000 Chemical and biotechnology; 250000 Reproduction and processing of forest resources ( 250100 Forestry and landscape construction); 280000 Life safety, environmental management and environmental protection; 050000 Education and pedagogy ( 050141 Physical culture, 050142 Adaptive physical culture, 051000 Vocational training (by industry);

socio-economic– groups of specialties: 080000 Economics and management; 100000 Service sector ( 100100 Service, 100400 Tourism, 100700 Trade, 100800 Merchandising, 101100 Hospitality); 050000 Education and pedagogy ( 051000 Vocational training (by industry);

humanitarian – groups of specialties: 030000 Humanities; 040000 Social Sciences; 050000 Education and pedagogy ( with the exception of specialties 050141 Physical education, 050142 Adaptive physical education, 051000 Vocational training (by industry); 070000 Culture and art.

TRAINING GROUPS of secondary vocational education

in training programs for mid-level specialists

OJSC SPO "Technological College" 2013-2014 academic year

		Speciality	training		Number in group
		Fire safety	3 years 10 months			Nazarova Galina Vasilievna
		Fire safety	3 years 10 months			Kadnikova Ksenia Nikolaevna
		Hotel service	3 years 10 months			Springis Elena Valentinovna
		Hairdressing art	3 years 10 months			Springis Elena Valentinovna
			3 years 10 months			Springis Elena Valentinovna
		Fire safety	2 years 10 months			Krutikova Tatyana Valerievna
		Stylistics and art of makeup	2 years 10 months			Rychkova Svetlana Valerievna
		Hairdressing art	1 year 10 months
Based on 9 classes
		Stylistics and art of makeup	3 years 10 months			Rychkova Svetlana Valerievna
		Fire safety	3 years 10 months			Golubeva Valentina Alekseevna
		Hairdressing art	3 years 10 months			Dyatlova Marina Anatolyevna
		Hotel service	3 years 10 months			Kasyanova Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Based on 11 classes
	Stylistics and art of makeup			2 years 10 months
	Fire safety			2 years 10 months		Krutikova Tatyana Valerievna
Based on NGOs
	Hairdressing art			1 year 10 months		Antonova Ekaterina Anatolevna
Based on 9th grade.
	Hairdressing art		3 years 10 months			Babushkina Anastasia Sergeevna

Stylistics and art of makeup

About the specialty STYLISTICS AND ART OF VISAGE

Specialty: makeup artist-stylist(from the French visage - face): a specialist in creating an artistic image of the customer using makeup products. Fashion is constantly changing, so when applying makeup, the makeup artist must take into account not only the client’s individuality, but also reflect fashion trends, emphasizing it general style- manner of dressing and behavior in society. Work on creating an image requires appropriate careful preparation, so a specialist needs to know the basics of cosmetology, take into account the physiological mechanisms of massage and be able to correct the client’s image. The qualified approach of teachers allows during the training period to gain the necessary knowledge on the theory, types and psychology of color (colorimetry), on the selection of hairstyles and types of makeup using visual and technical means.

The fashionable, prestigious profession of a stylist places its owner among the ranks of artists. Stylist- is, first of all, a bearer of knowledge of the history of fashion, an expert in its canons and development trends. The work of a stylist in most cases is divided into separate areas, representing such professional varieties as stylist-make-up artist, stylist-fashion designer, stylist-hairdresser, stylist-image maker and others.

In the 21st century, talent for drawing can manifest itself not only on canvas. A profession like visagiste– an artist on the face and body – provides an extraordinary opportunity to express talent for art. Translated from French, “makeup artist” is “a person who works with the face,” while “aesthetician” is a specialist in facial skin care and makeup application. A person’s face is like an open book - all experiences, life’s difficulties, troubles and worries treacherously leave their mark on it. And a cosmetologist-makeup artist is a person who can “read” the pages of this book and choose the right skin care products. We can say that a cosmetologist-make-up artist “erases” traces of the past from the face.

A makeup stylist can carry out the following types of production activities:

performing hygienic manicure, pedicure, hand massage and varnishing the nails of the hands and feet;

provision of services in the field of aesthetic cosmetology to perform hygienic facial cleansing, classical therapeutic and plastic massage of the face and neck, cosmetic (lymphatic drainage, anti-cellulite) body massage and body depilation with “warm” wax, applying creamy cosmetic masks to the skin of the face and neck;

provision of services for shaping and tinting eyebrows, tinting eyelashes, performing daytime, business, wedding, evening, age, men's and express makeup.

The work of makeup artists is in demand in a variety of fields. Our contemporaries, people of so different professions: from movie stars and politicians to employees of various companies, resort to the services of professional stylists and makeup artists to create the most attractive image.

To become a professional stylist, you will need knowledge of the history of fashion, the basics of hairdressing and makeup, and skills in the art of creating an image. Naturally, this is a job for creative people. Such professionals are needed to work in beauty salons, hairdressers and various SPA clubs. Stylists participate in photo shoots for print media, fashion shows and a variety of projects and television shows.

Professional requirements

Professional requirements for a specialist are determined based on the main activities of a stylist-make-up artist. A makeup stylist should know:

Composition and properties of professional preparations used in all technological processes of aesthetic and preventive care for appearance;

Methods for diagnosing the state of a client’s appearance;

Traditional-classical and modern technologies of appearance care;

Basic provisions of the current regulatory documentation;

Fundamentals of service activities and rules for serving the population;

Rules and regulations of business communication; basic economics of the industry;

Sanitary and epidemiological requirements and standards of the working environment;

Safety and fire protection regulations.

A makeup stylist must be able to:

Conduct diagnostics of the state of appearance of various age groups of the consumer and apply professional technologies, professional systems of products for caring for the consumer’s appearance, to correct his appearance;

Select and apply professional methods and methods of carrying out technological processes for caring for appearance;

Promote a healthy lifestyle;

Perform correction and aestheticization of appearance using decorative care products;

Develop and execute artistic images in the creative process of creating stylized collections of theatrical and entertainment value;

Comply with the norms and rules of professional ethics and psychology of business communication;

Ensure the safety of the aesthetic environment and compliance with sanitary and epidemiological standards when serving consumers;

Use normative and reference literature;

Monitor the quality of services;

Use information technology in professional activities.

Requirements for the individual characteristics of a specialist

Working on creating an image is always creativity. Therefore, the future stylist needs creativity, aesthetic taste, artistic imagination and flexibility of thinking. This specialist works with people. You cannot do without communication skills, responsibility and organizational skills. With these qualities, a young stylist will certainly achieve professional success:

aesthetic taste;

creative imagination;

accuracy and speed of movements;

fine hand-eye coordination;

accuracy and patience;

concentrated attention;

well-developed communication skills;

goodwill;

readiness for continuous professional growth;

the desire for self-improvement and creative realization.

Medical contraindications:

skin and allergic diseases;

negative reaction to chemicals;

impaired coordination of hand movements;

severe vision diseases;

neuropsychiatric diseases.

Duration of college

Full-time education, advanced level:

Based on basic general education – 3 years 10 months;

Based on secondary (complete) general education – 2 years 10 months.

Diploma qualification

Stylist-makeup artist with mastering working professions:

Beautician

M
manicurist

Pedicurist

List of disciplines studied

General humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines:

Fundamentals of Philosophy

Story

Sociology

Jurisprudence

Psychology of service activities

Psychology of communication

Russian language and culture of speech

Foreign language (business)

Physical Culture

Mathematical and general natural science disciplines:

Computer Science and ICT

Information systems and networks

Modern natural science concept

General professional disciplines:

Service activities

Fundamentals of Marketing and Management

Professional ethics and etiquette

Legal support of professional activities

Modern materials and design

Plastic human anatomy

Drawing and painting

Flower science and coloristics

Composition Basics

Aesthetics

History of the costume

History of fine arts

Serviceology

Cultural studies

Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology of the skin

Materials Science

Anatomy, physiology and hygiene of feet and hands

Life safety

Professional modules

Eyebrow correction and tinting, eyelash tinting

Performing salon and specific makeup

Performing face art, body art

Creation of the customer’s individual style in accordance with requests, historical styles and fashion trends

Performing work in one or more worker professions, employee positions

Manicurist

Pedicurist

Beautician

Variable part of the BRI cycles

- Hairdressing technologies

Haircuts and hair styling

Hair art

Hair coloring

Perm hair

Current trends and modern technologies of hairdressing

Educational and industrial practice

When mastering the industrial (professional) practice program, students consolidate and deepen the knowledge gained from studying theoretical disciplines and acquire skills in all types of professional activities. During their studies, students complete three types of practice:

Internship to obtain primary professional skills (educational);

Practice in the specialty profile (including plein air, museum practice);

Qualification practice (pre-diploma).

Note: students enrolled in the first year on the basis of basic general education (9 classes) during the first year study

general education disciplines of the school curriculum

Russian language

Literature

Foreign language

Story

Social science

Natural science

Geography

Physical Culture

Basics of life safety

specialized educational subjects

Computer Science and ICT

Mathematics

Economy

Field of activity of the graduate

Hairdressers, salons and beauty studios in the city and region. Providing services in the field of nail services, aesthetic cosmetology and makeup art.

Places of work:

Hairdressers;

Beauty Salons;

Image agencies;

Film and photo studios;

Facilities mass media(direction - fashion, beauty, style);

Private practice

Stylists are mainly required by beauty salons, hairdressers, photo studios, image agencies, and SPA clubs. They are often required for various projects, shows, exhibitions with the participation of models.

Where can I continue my education?

Graduates of the Technological College who have successfully completed their studies in the specialty “Styling and Make-up Art” can continue their studies and receive higher professional education in a shortened time at the Novgorod branch St. Petersburg State University of Service and Economics, with whom our college has an agreement for training specialists.

During their time at college, our students can also receive additional professional skills in paid courses in various areas of activity. Students of the College of Technology are provided with discounts on courses and payment in installments.

6. Formation of a contingent of students and teachers.

// DYNAMICS OF POSITIONS OF STUDENTS AND TEACHERS ON THE MARKET OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES IN 2006–2007. News bulletin. M., 2008

7. Structure of training.

Usinsk Polytechnic College

STRUCTURE OF THE TECHNIQUE

The structural and functional model of the technical school was created taking into account the type of technical school, its specifics and the tasks facing the educational institution in order to effectively and efficiently fulfill the state and social order. The existing model corresponds to the functional tasks of a technical school with primary and secondary vocational education.

The main tasks determined by the technical school are implemented by a team under the leadership of the following employees:

educational work – Voronina Olga Evgenievna;

educational and methodological work - Ruban Oleg Vasilievich;

educational and production work - Sharapov Vladimir Nikolaevich;

educational work - Sevanyan Albina Georgievna;

administrative and economic activities – Sedov Oleg Aleksandrovich;

methodological work - Valishina Irina Nikolaevna.

The management of the technical school is carried out in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On Education” and the Model Regulations on educational institution on the principles of openness, the priority of universal human values, the protection of human life and health, and the free development of the individual. The pedagogical council of the technical school determines the main directions, tasks, content and forms of the pedagogical, methodological and educational activities of the institution and coordinates them. The pedagogical council includes all teaching staff of the institution. The activities and operating procedures of the pedagogical council are regulated by a local act - the Regulations on the pedagogical council at the Usinsk Polytechnic College, and the chairman of the pedagogical council is the director of the technical school.

The direct current management of the institution is carried out by the supervisory board and the director of the technical school. The director manages the institution, its divisions and structures both directly and through the administration and teaching staff of the institution, and in his absence, the duties of the director are assigned to one of the deputies. Structural divisions were created in accordance with the Charter of the technical school and operate according to plan. Current issues of the technical school's activities are discussed weekly at administrative meetings with the director. The meeting participants are: director, deputy directors, heads of structural divisions. The director is personally responsible for the results of the technical school’s activities.

State Educational Institution of Secondary Professional Education "Novokuznetsk Economics and Industry College"

According to the college charter, a six-day work week is established. Training sessions are conducted in the form lessons, lectures, seminars, practical classes, laboratory and tests, independent work, consultations, practice, course design (course work), completion of final qualification work, and so Other types of training sessions are also conducted.

For all types of classroom classes, the duration is 1 hour 30 minutes, the break between classes is at least 10 minutes. The schedule provides for a lunch break of 45 minutes (see table “Organization of lesson activities”).

Organization of lesson activities

Organization of lesson activities
Duration school week(days)
Lesson duration theoretical training(min.)
Duration of industrial training lessons (min.)
Duration of breaks
Frequency of interim certification of students	2 times a year by semester

Full-time theoretical classes are conducted in one shift. The schedule is designed for full-time and evening courses. Training on full-time starts at 9.00, in the evening at 18.00.

Students have the opportunity for continuous education and can, having received a basic level diploma, continue their studies at an advanced level. In addition, the college provides training in an accelerated program based on initial vocational education. In order to deepen professionalism, ensure the social and professional mobility of the graduate, his competitiveness in the labor market, the college provides training in the specialty profile and in the blue-collar professions of cook and pastry chef; secretary; hairdresser with qualifications in the form of categories. For the same purpose, additional training is provided through the provision of paid educational services: 1C: Enterprise, 1C: Accounting, business course, basics of drawing and composition, automation of enterprise activities based on software. The college has licenses for the following educational programs: Cook, Waiter, Manager's Secretary, Assistant Electric Locomotive Driver, Hairdresser, which provide professional training, retraining and advanced training.

Vocational education in college is developing as a unified system with a full range of multi-level educational programs. While studying under secondary vocational education programs, the student simultaneously masters a working profession. This increases the graduate’s competence as a specialist, since he has a fairly complete understanding of theoretical aspects professions (as a graduate of a university and secondary vocational education) and practical skills (as a graduate of an NPO).

Practical classes on the development of professional skills in college are conducted in the following educational laboratories and workshops:

training workshop/food preparation technology,

laboratory of technical management tools, electronic document management and document management,

accounting and office management training company,

laboratory of modeling and artistic design of hairstyles,

laboratory of chemistry and chemical analysis,

medical and biological laboratory, sanitation and hygiene,

beauty studio/hair salon,

metalworking workshop.

The modern educational and material base of laboratories and workshops makes it possible to perform all types of work provided for by the work curricula of industrial training and production (professional) practice, and ensures the assignment of qualification categories.

In addition, during the period of industrial (professional) practice, students have the opportunity to work on the production of finished products in a food preparation technology training workshop and in a hairdressing salon, which contributes to the acquisition of initial professional experience.

Professional practice in the specialty profile is carried out at the workplaces of the college’s social partners on the basis of concluded agreements.

Psychological and pedagogical support

Activities for the protection and promotion of health, psychological support for students are carried out both within the framework of educational programs and in extracurricular activities.

Health protection and promotion within the framework of educational programs is carried out through

implementation of educational goals and objectives within the framework of academic disciplines;

consideration of issues related to the formation of a healthy culture of personality at conferences, seminars, and competitions.

Health protection and promotion within extracurricular activities is provided

work of health sections;

carrying out decades of propaganda healthy image life, hours of communication and cool hours in groups;

holding college-wide health days.

The college carries out work on psychological and pedagogical support for students. The purpose of the Psychological Service is to provide psychological assistance and support to all subjects of the educational environment, to promote the optimization of the mental and personal development of students and to shape their readiness for life and professional self-determination.

Areas of activity of the psychological service.

Psychological diagnostics.

Developmental and correctional work.

Advisory activities.

Psychological prevention.

Psychological education.

The effective practical activity of a teacher-psychologist is ensured by his inclusion in the general education program, which allows the psychologist to establish direct contact with students, during which it is possible to provide various types of psychological assistance. The educational psychologist reports directly to the director of the educational institution, ensuring the protection of the interests of students as a whole, as well as the interests of each individual. In addition, the educational psychologist works closely with medical worker and the head of physical education, since an equally important task of psychological support is the formation of a healthy lifestyle for both students and the teaching staff.

The student population has its own specifics: all are trained on the basis of secondary (complete) general education. Preventive work to prevent crime is carried out, but is not as important as it is in NGO educational institutions. In recent years, not a single case of crime, drug use, or substance abuse has been reported at the college. For preventive purposes, months-decades of legal education and anti-alcohol, anti-tobacco propaganda are held, as well as drug addiction prevention activities: class hours, speeches by drug addiction doctors, poster competitions, conversations, video screenings, exhibitions and selection of materials in the teaching room, in the library, classrooms watch.

Federal State Educational Standards of the new generation in the secondary vocational education system

The structural element of the old educational standards was the subject (discipline). The structural element of the third generation of competency-based educational standards is the educational field, presented in the form of professional modules designed to master specific types of professional activities. In turn, the structural elements of professional modules become professional and general competencies, the totality of which in any type of professional activity is considered as integral quality indicator its development.

Thus, at present, the attitude towards learning outcomes and, accordingly, to the forms and methods of their assessment are radically changing. If previously the assessment of learning outcomes was reduced to assessing the level of knowledge, skills and abilities, then in accordance with the new educational standards, the assessment of the results of mastering a type of professional activity (VPA) is complex, integrative in nature: the formation of both professional and general competencies is assessed. General competencies are of a supra-professional nature and are expressed through such personality qualities as independence, the ability to make responsible decisions, constantly learn and update knowledge, think flexibly and systematically, carry out communicative actions, conduct dialogue, receive and transmit information in various ways. The assessment of the maturity of these qualities is reflected in the assessment indicators and, accordingly, in the tasks developed on the basis of these indicators. When developing tasks, I used product approach, when the result of a completed task is a finished product or service. The tasks are designed in such a way that the assessment of the development of competencies is carried out step by step in accordance with the logic of the professional tasks being performed and in accordance with the developed assessment criteria, which are reflected in the assessment sheets.

Since the assessment should be complex, integrative in nature, the college developed a methodology for determining assessment indicators, which makes it possible to subdivide them into various forms of control: current, intermediate and final. This was done to avoid duplication in both forms and methods of assessment for different stages of control. The most relevant ones in module-competency training were identified forms assessment of the formation of professional and general competencies: exam (oral, written, practical, etc.), portfolio defense, certification, project defense (individual, group), final qualifying work (FQR), business game. And in accordance with the selected forms, they were determined methods, the ones that best meet the objectives of a comprehensive assessment of the development of professional and general competencies: these are expert observation, expert assessment, interviewing, questioning, testing, and presentation.

At Technological College No. 14 in Moscow in the 2010-2011 academic year, during an experiment on the implementation of professional module programs based on the faculty “ Catering business» approaches to assessing the development of professional and general competencies have been developed. The experiment showed that the assessment should be done in stages.

Very important, in our opinion, has the first stage - accompanying assessment. It provides monitoring of the stage-by-stage formation of professional (PC) and general (GC) competencies in the process of theoretical training, educational and industrial practice and is carried out both by the mentor (tutor) and by the student himself (self-assessment).

For this stage, a fund of assessment tools for ongoing monitoring of the development of knowledge, skills, and practical experience included in the PC of the mastered HPE is being developed. The types of tasks for ongoing monitoring are compiled in such a way that they meet not only the tasks of developing professional competencies, taking into account the principle of individualization of training (of varying degrees of complexity), but are also aimed at the gradual development of personally significant qualities.

At the same stage, great importance is given to the formation of the skills to carry out self-assessment and evaluation of work performed by colleagues in study pairs and small groups.

Great importance is attached to keeping a diary of achievements, which the student receives at the beginning of training. It contains all groups of skills that must be mastered. Therefore, from the first day of training, students, seeing the full scope of the required skills, can independently or with the help of master mentors and teachers build an optimal sequence for their development. In addition, the diary allows you to monitor the development of competencies throughout the entire period of training and identify difficulties in the early stages, when it is easy for the student to carry out the correction process.

Second phase - interim assessment formation of professional and general competencies - takes place in the form of an exam or test upon completion of mastering the program of each MDK. This type of assessment is carried out, in our case, in two stages: testing allows you to quickly and accurately assess the assimilation of the entire amount of knowledge included in the PC of this interdisciplinary course, the second stage - modeling of professional activity - allows you to assess the degree of development of practical skills. This type of control is carried out before entering industrial practice, and the tasks are practice-oriented in nature and show the degree of readiness of the student to perform tasks in production, directly at the workplace.

At the third stage it is carried out final grade formation of PC and OC during the qualification exam (EC), which is comprehensive in nature, including the simultaneous assessment of both professional and general competencies. This changes the structure of the traditional exam, approaches to its methodological support, development of assessment tools and exam procedures (see Fig. 1). In our case, we chose a combination of two forms: a practical exam - comprehensive demonstration of practical skills in the workplace(or in a simulated workplace environment) and protection portfolio achievements.

Figure 1. Qualifying exam structure.

At the moment, a set of requirements has already been established both for the procedure for assessing the development of professional and general competencies, and for the assessment tools themselves:

validity of assessment materials;

compliance of the content of materials with the requirements for the level of knowledge, skills, and practical experience of PCs included in the professional module;

clear formulation of evaluation criteria (indicators);

maximum objectivity of assessment forms and methods;

transparency of the assessment procedure;

participation of highly qualified specialists and employers in the assessment procedure;

an unambiguous conclusion based on the assessment results (VPA mastered/not mastered).

Figure 2 shows the logic and sequence of selecting forms and methods for assessing the formation of PC and OC. First, we analyzed a set of requirements for the level of knowledge, skills, and practical experience for all PCs included in the assessed VPD, taking into account the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard, the requirements included in the PM program through the hours of the variable part on the recommendations of the college’s social partners, as well as the requirements of the professional standard (for specialty 260807 “Technology of public catering products”).

Then assessment indicators were developed corresponding to point 5 of the PM program for each PC and OK. And based on them, comprehensive assessment indicators were developed, which made it possible to form a fund of assessment tools that most fully reflects the entire complex of both professional and general competencies.

Figure 2. Logic for developing forms and methods for assessing the formation of PC and OK.

Methodological support for the qualification exam (EC). To ensure transparency of the examination procedure (given the current lack of specific methodological recommendations), the college has developed a regulation on the qualifying examination. In accordance with it, the exam program is developed directly for each professional module. A package of documents on the qualification exam procedure was also developed: minutes of the meeting of the examination qualification commission, assessment sheets for PC included in the mastered professional module, a sample certificate issued to students based on the exam results. Assessment tools, in addition to exam papers, include task cards with step-by-step recommendations, which allows you to conduct a step-by-step assessment of all practical skills in accordance with the developed indicators and enter them into the assessment sheet.

In addition, recommendations were developed for the development and methods of presenting a portfolio of achievements. The portfolio includes three parts: a portfolio of educational and professional achievements, a portfolio of creative achievements and a portfolio of social achievements. This allows the expert commission to assess the maturity of the entire complex of general competencies.

The portfolio of educational and professional achievements includes evidence of PC and OK mastery (photos, video materials, examination sheets, assessment sheets for laboratory and practical work, a diary of achievements with an assessment from a mentor/tutor).

The portfolio of creative achievements contains diplomas, awards, prizes, photos of manufactured products, indicating the presence of a sustainable interest in the chosen profession, active participation in professional skills competitions at various levels, in project activities, and research work.

The portfolio of social achievements contains evidence of communicative activity (characteristics from work), evidence of participation in student government, and an active social position.

It is simply impossible to conduct a qualifying exam without using an established mechanism of mutually beneficial partnership between the college and leading enterprises in the region. The employer participates both in the development of the qualification examination program at the stage of agreeing on the examination procedure and the assessment materials themselves, and in the assessment procedure itself. The role of the employer is especially great in assessing the development of professional competencies, when assessing the skills and abilities necessary for rapid adaptation to real production conditions.

Our experience in implementing professional module programs, conducting a qualifying exam, the results of a student survey, and an assessment of social partners have shown that the technology of module-based competency-based training is accepted positively by both students and employers. But the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard on a module-competency basis requires great efforts from the teaching staff of professional colleges to develop comprehensive methodological support for professional module programs, master innovative forms and methods of organizing the educational process, and create a practice-oriented educational environment.

8. Secondary specialized education, its features.

In Soviet times, secondary vocational education could be obtained at technical schools, as well as colleges (for example, at a medical school).

In post-Soviet times, some technical schools were renamed colleges. Currently, secondary vocational education can be obtained in technical schools and colleges. In the Model Regulations on an educational institution of secondary vocational education (secondary specialized educational institution), the differences in terms were defined as follows:

a) technical school - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training;

b) college - a secondary specialized educational institution that implements basic professional educational programs of secondary vocational education of basic training and programs of secondary vocational education of advanced training.

In other words, technical schools and colleges teach specialties in which secondary vocational education can be obtained in 3 years (in some specialties - in 2 years). At the same time, the college also requires training in advanced training programs (4 years).

From the point of view of organizational and legal forms in the field of secondary vocational education, there are:

state educational organizations of secondary vocational education (GOU SPO), including autonomous ones;

non-state educational organizations of secondary vocational education (NOU SPO)

autonomous non-profit organizations of secondary vocational education (ANO SPO).

NPO (primary vocational education) institutions in accordance with the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” they became part of educational organizations SPO. Therefore, secondary vocational education organizations implement educational programs for both primary and secondary vocational education. Secondary vocational education is aimed at training mid-level specialists, satisfying the needs of the individual in deepening and expanding education on the basis of basic general, secondary (complete) general or primary vocational education. Secondary vocational education can be obtained not only in educational organizations of secondary vocational education, but also at the first stage of educational organizations of higher professional education.

*NGO and SVE educational institutions have the right to clarify the distribution of professions or specialties according to the profiles of the vocational education received, taking into account the specifics of the main professional educational program of the NPO/SVE.

Lesson plan on the topic “Classification of professions”

Subject : Classification of professions

Lesson objectives:

Educational:

form theoretical ideas andconcepts related to the world of professions;introduce the concepts of “profession”, “specialty”, with the classification of professions by branches of labor, objects, purposes, tools and working conditions.

Developmental:

develop attention, thinking, memory, mental and creative activity;

increase interest in professions and professional activities.

Educating:

to cultivate feelings of camaraderie, culture of speech, aesthetic vision,

respectful attitude towards any profession.

Lesson objectives:

introduce the world of modern professional work, the specifics of professional activity and promote the development of professionally important qualities;

help adapt to real socio-economic conditions;

update the process of professional self-determination;

Lesson type: lesson in learning new knowledge.

Students should know:

concepts of “profession”, “specialty”, “position”, “classification”;

classification of professions,formula of professions;

criteria for analyzing professions.

Students should be able to:

• operate with concepts on the topic of the lesson;

analyze a profession based on the classification of professions.

Forms of work: conversation, solving situational problems, viewing a presentation, independent work.

Equipment:

computer for demonstrating the presentation "Classification of professions"

handout “Analysis of professions (list of main characteristics)

Interdisciplinary connections:history, social studies, geography.

Progress of the lesson:

1. Organizational stage.

Introductory speech by the teacher.

There comes a time in every person’s life when they have to decide where to continue their education or where to go to work, i.e. practically choose a profession.9th grade is a particularly important time in the lives of boys and girls. Some of you, having completed nine grades, will continue studying at school, some of the students, having chosen a profession, will enter vocational schools, technical schools, and colleges. This is a very responsible choice that can significantly affect your future professional growth and career. Preparation for further choices is important.Choosing a profession is your first step towards an independent life, on which your future destiny will depend. Making this choice is very difficult; you need to be internally prepared and confident that a step is being taken in the right direction. Therefore, your professional choice must be taken seriously and responsibly. In order not to make a mistake in the choice ahead of you, you need to learn to understand the peculiarities of professional activity and the specifics of professions.

Slide No. 1; 2

Formulation of the topic and goals and objectives of the lesson

The formulation of the topic, purpose and objectives of the lesson is carried out by the teacher together with the students.

2. Learning new material

Slide No. 3

To begin studying new material, let’s turn to the basic concepts, without which it is impossible to understand the peculiarities of a person’s professional activity; we need to learn to distinguish between the concepts of “profession”, “specialty”, “position”.

Basic concepts are recorded by students in a notebook.

Word"profession" (from Latin pоfessio - “I declare my business”, “to speak publicly”, “to declare”) means a type of work activity that requires certain preparation and is a source of livelihood.

A profession is the knowledge, skills, and personal qualities necessary to successfully engage in a given job and receive remuneration for one’s work.

A profession is a group of related specialties and specializations with different qualification levels. The concept of “profession” denotes a fairly wide range of labor functions, but often there is a need to determine the specific work that a person performs, that is, his specialization.

Speciality – (from Latin species – genus, species) – type of occupation within one profession.

For example: doctor - surgeon, therapist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist, etc.

This is a limited area of ​​application of human physical and spiritual forces necessary for society.

Job title - this is a job position, the position of an employee in a specific body of the management apparatus, which reflects duties, rights and responsibilities. The position indicates membership in a particular management chain.

For example: position “ chief physician” makes sense only in a chain where, along with it, there is a local doctor, a ward doctor; the presence of subordinates sets additional rights and responsibilities, determines the boundaries of power and competence.

Slide No. 4

Systematization, or, in other words, classification allows one to navigate the diverse world of professions.

Classification is a meaningful order of things, phenomena, dividing them into varieties according to some important characteristics. Have you already met various classifications when studying various items and could appreciate their merits. In the world of professions, skillful use of classification will help you choose from a variety of professions those that you would like to get to know better, as well as understand modern production.

Exist different types professions. For example:

1) distribution of professions by the first letter of their name;

2) by the nature of the work: predominantly physical and predominantly mental;

3) by economic sector;

4) on the basis of material production;

5) according to the level and nature of the required qualifications, etc.

But none of the classifications discussed above can serve as a guide in choosing a future profession. These goals the best way The answer is a classification of professions based on characteristics coming from a person.

Slide No. 5

This classification was developed by E.A. Klimov.When a person works, his attention is directed tosubject of labor.
Something needs to be done with the object - thispurpose of work.
This goal is achieved throughtools.
And finally, it is important for a personunder what conditions work is going on.
In accordance with these four characteristics, a classification of professions is constructed that is convenient for professional self-determination.

Slide No. 6

Let's take a closer look at this qualification. According to the first sign- subject of labor – all existing professions and specialties can be divided into five types. The most common are professions where the subject of labor is technology. Let’s agree to designate this type of profession with the letter “T” (man - technology).This group includes professions related to the production, maintenance and design of any equipment, from space rockets and computers to the anvil and hammer of a blacksmith. Engineer, designer, pilot, machinist, driver, electrician, builder, car mechanic, plumber, miner, engine tester - these are just a few of them. The peculiarity of technical objects is that they can be accurately measured and calculated, therefore professions in this group require a person to combine a practical mindset and creativity, precision, good health.

Slide No. 7

The next type of profession is (person - person) “H”.

Doctor, nurse, teacher, educator, waiter, lawyer, salesman,
hairdresser, tour guide - all these professions belong to the same group, because they have one subject of labor - a person. These professions have special social significance. They require patience and exactingness from a person, the ability to take responsibility for
yourself, control your emotions. The main content of work in these professions is effective interaction between people. Some qualities contribute successful work, while others complicate it. If you have an increased need for communication, contacts with people will delight you; if you have a low need, they will tire you. An increased level of aggression is unacceptable for specialists in this field. By the way, the ability to communicate productively is necessary for each of us.

Slide No. 8

According to the attribute under consideration (subject of labor), the type of professions is particularly distinguished, which we will conventionally denote by the letter “P” (man - nature).

This group includes all professions related to living and nonliving
nature. Research, study and use of natural resources, caring for animals and plants, their treatment are possible activities. Professions of this group: agronomist, breeder, livestock specialist, veterinarian, dog handler, plant breeder, geologist, game warden, ecologist, land reclamation specialist. People of these professions are united by a love of nature. But this love is active, not contemplative. It's one thing to play with animals and admire flowers. And it’s completely different to regularly, day after day, look after them, observe, treat, walk them, regardless of personal time and plans. To be successful in this activity, you need to be strong and resilient, caring and patient, not afraid of difficulties and not expecting quick results.

Slide No. 9

Often the objects of human labor are various signs: oral or written speech, numbers, chemical and physical symbols, notes, diagrams, maps, diagrams, graphs, drawings, road signs and so on.

This group includes all professions associated with the use of oral and written speech, working with documents and numbers. These are the professions of economist, accountant, linguist, mathematician, programmer, and notary. The subject of labor for these professions is the “sign system”, “Z”, that is, all the information that can be presented in the form of texts, formulas, signs, codes, graphs, diagrams and drawings. Much, if not everything, depends on the reliability and timeliness of information in our lives. Therefore, it is important for a specialist who works with signs to be able, on the one hand, to abstract from the real physical, chemical, mechanical properties of objects, and on the other, to imagine and understand the characteristics of real phenomena and objects behind the signs. Professions in this group place special demands on a person’s thinking, memory and attention.

Slide No. 10

Many of you probably like professions in which work is associated with visual, musical, literary, artistic and acting activities. These are professions of the type “person - artistic image” “X”: designer - clothing designer, stained glass artist, photographer - artist, musician, artist, tuner musical instruments etc.

Having understood the types of professions, you have taken only the first step in mastering the ability to analyze different types human activity. In order to classify a profession or specialty as a certain type, it is necessary to find out what a person’s attention is mainly directed to during the labor process.

Slide No. 11

Within each type, professions are divided into classes in accordance with the goals of work. Despite the huge variety of goals that various works have, they can be reduced to three large classes: to learn, to transform, to invent.
1. Gnostic professions (G), comes from the ancient Greek “gnosis” - knowledge or cognition. Gnostic or cognitive goals of labor can
be diverse: sort, compare, check, evaluate. Gnostic professions can be found among any of five types of professions: “Nature” - biologist-laboratorian, exterior specialist; "Technique" - radio equipment controller, tester;
"Man" - forensic expert, sociologist; "Sign" - proofreader, auditor; "Artistic image" - art critic, theater critic. These professions place certain demands on the worker: cognitive activity, observation, stability of attention, memory, thinking, and responsibility are necessary.

2.Transformative professions (P). Transformative human activity can be aimed at objects, energy, information, processes. In some cases, the results can be seen immediately - a builder, a blacksmith, an artist, in others - the results wait months and years (breeder, educator). The predominance of practical or mental activity of a specialist depends on the subject and content of his work: “Nature” - livestock breeder, plant breeder, livestock specialist; "Technology" - mechanic, machine operator; "Man" - teacher, coach; "Znak" - layout designer, accountant; "Artistic image" - graphic designer, fashion designer.

3. Survey professions (I). The purpose of the work of professions of this class is to search for something new, unknown. The goal of the activity comes to the fore, which involves inventing something, coming up with something, finding a new solution. "Nature" - fisheries inspector, game warden, research biologist; “Technology” - design engineer; “Man” - supply agent, production organizer; “sign” - programmer, mathematician; “Artistic image” - composer, designer. Many professions combine the characteristics of different classes.

Slide number 12

Classes of professions are in turn divided into departments depending on the tools of labor or means of production. There are four such departments:

Professions involving the use of manual labor (P): plumber, surgeon, carpenter, dentist. Professions associated with the use of hand- or foot-controlled machines (M): turner, milling machine operator, diesel locomotive driver, tractor driver. Professions associated with the use of automated and automated equipment (A): steelworkers, printers, weavers, power system operators. Professions and specialties in which the main tools of labor are the functional means of the human body (F): singer, actor, ballerina, wine taster.

Slide No. 13

According to working conditions, four groups of professions can be distinguished:

work in normal living conditions (b). In such conditions, for example, a draftsman, an accountant, or a radio equipment controller works;

working outdoors under conditions of sudden changes in temperature and humidity (o). These conditions are typical for field farmers, tractor drivers, general machine operators, etc.;

work in unusual conditions: under water, at height, underground, and also in conditions elevated temperature and others (n). Examples of professions: divers, miners, painters, assemblers - high-altitude workers.

work with increased moral responsibility (for human health and life or for great material social values) (m). This group includes the professions of a teacher, judge, and salesperson.

Slide number 14

You have become acquainted with the classification of professions; it can be represented as four tiers in ascending order. It is assumed that in each type of profession there are classes, classes include departments, departments consist of groups. The fifth tier at the top of the pyramid is intended to indicate your future profession.

Slide No. 15

Physical education minute

I will name the profession, and you must determine what type it is and perform the appropriate actions

T-T: bend over twice

Ch-Ch: shake hands to the right and left of the person standing from you.

C-P: stand up.

C_Z: do squats twice.

CH: applaud.

(ecologist, teacher, driver, accountant, artist.)

Slide No. 16

When analyzing any profession, it is necessary to highlight its four main features: the subject of labor, the purpose of labor, tools of labor, working conditions - and according to them symbols write down a multi-letter formula. These letters correspond to the type, class, department, group of professions.

3. Consolidation of the studied material

Slide No. 17,18

Practical task:

Correlation of concepts and categories.

Students are invited to independently determine professions and specialties from the proposed list.

Write a formula for the proposed professions

a) gardener; b) policeman; c) milling machine operator; d) engineer;

What distinctive features are common to each pair of the following professions:

a) design engineer-composer; c) accountant-mechanic;

b) waiter-taxi driver; d) nurse-turner;

Name general signs the following professions and specialties:

a) livestock breeder, gardener;

b) design engineer, composer, theoretical chemist;

c) nurse, turner, accountant;

d) salesman, milkmaid, tower crane operator, mechanic.

e) salesperson, waiter, librarian, nurse, sports coach.

Slide No. 19

Solve each puzzle and fill in the horizontal cells of the teaword.

Slide No. 20

Answers to assignments.

1. Surgeon, literary critic, pianist, test pilot, theoretical chemist, painter, designer artist, cutter;

Teacher, turner, engineer, hairdresser, driver, seamstress, cook, lawyer, builder.

2. Gardener - PPPro; policeman - ChPRb; milling operator – TPMb; engineer - TGRb;

3. a) according to working conditions (domestic); b) by subject of work (CH – C);c) by tools (manual); d) according to the goals of labor (transformative);

4. a) on the subject of work (P-P); b) for the purposes of labor (exploration);c) according to working conditions (domestic); d) according to the purpose of labor (transformative); e) on the subject of work (C – C).

1. hairdresser; 2. engineer; 3. fisherman; 4. cook; 5. editor; 6. builder; 7. farmer; 8. stove maker; 9. mechanic; 10. Shoemaker; 11. dog handler; 12. doorman.

Practical task:

6. Conduct an analysis of professions (according to plan).

Analysis of professions (list of main characteristics of professions) - handout cards.

Characteristics of professions

Example: taxi driver profession

Space to encode your intended profession

Subject of work:

1 – animals, plants (nature);

2 – materials;

3 – people (children, adults);

4 – equipment, transport;

5 – sign systems (texts, information in computers...);

6 – artistic image.

Labor goals:

1 – control, assessment, diagnosis;

2 – converter;

3 – inventive;

4 – transportation;

5 – service;

6 – own development.

Tools:

1 – manual and simple devices;

2 – mechanical;

3 – automatic;

4 – functional (speech, facial expressions, vision, hearing...);

5 – theoretical (knowledge, ways of thinking);

6 – portable or stationary means.

Working conditions:

1 – household microclimate;

2 – large rooms with people;

3 – ordinary production workshop;

4 – unusual production conditions (special humidity, temperature, sterility);

5 – extreme conditions (risk to life and health);

6 – work outdoors;

7 – work sitting, standing, in motion;

8 – home office.

The nature of communication at work:

1 – minimal communication (individual work);

2 – clients, visitors;

3 – ordinary team (same people);

4 – work with audiences;

5 – pronounced discipline, subordination in work.

Responsibility at work:

1 – material;

2 – moral;

3 – for the life and health of people;

4 – unexpressed responsibility.

Features of work:

1 – high salary;

2 – benefits;

3 – “temptations” (the opportunity to take bribes, steal...);

4 – sophisticated relationships, meetings with celebrities;

5 – frequent business trips;

6 – finished result of labor (you can admire it).

Typical difficulties:

1 – nervous tension;

2 – occupational diseases;

3 – swearing and foul language are common;

4 – the possibility of being behind bars (in prison);

5 – low job prestige.

Minimum level of education for work:

1 – without special education (after school);

2 – primary vocational education (SPTU);

3 – secondary vocational education (technical school, colleges);

4 – higher professional education (HEI);

5 – academic degree(graduate school, academy).

People, technology, transport

Transport, service

Mechanical, functional

Extreme, sitting

Clients

Life and health

"Temptations", meetings with celebrities

Nervous tension, occupational diseases, swearing and foul language

Primary vocational education

4. Summing up the lesson

Summing up and formulating conclusions about the lesson:

What new did you learn in today's lesson?

What did you like, what benefits did you derive from the knowledge gained?

What caused difficulties and what else needs to be worked on?

Final word from the teacher

In today's lesson we looked at important aspects classification of professions, expanded their vocabulary with new concepts on the topic “The World of Professions” and took the first step towards mastering the ability to analyze professional activities.We usually map out our professional destiny after graduating from school.
Someone finds a job that does not require special training. The majority first tries to get an education (at universities, courses, colleges), thereby outlining a range of future career opportunities.
To do right choice, you need: to have an idea of ​​existing professions and, knowing your own inclinations, to realistically assess your capabilities.

Homework:

Prepare a professional analysis (according to plan).

2.9 Classification of professions

Most known system classification of professions is the system of E.A. Klimova. In it, the entire variety of professions is consistently divided into types, classes, departments and groups. Let us briefly dwell on this approach to the taxonomy of professions.

Types of professions ( on the subject of work).

1. "Man is a man"(H).

The main subject of work is people and groups of people. Examples of professions: waiter, salesman, doctor, psychologist, trainer, investigator.

2. "Human - technical systems» (T).

The main subject of work is technical systems, material objects, materials, energy. Examples of professions: - turner, mason, mechanic, driver, architect, engineer.

3. "Man - Nature"(P).

The main subject of work is living organisms and biological processes. Examples of professions: botanist, zoologist, livestock specialist, beekeeper, ichthyologist, agronomist.

4. "Man is a sign"(W)

The main subject of work is conventional signs, numbers, ciphers, codes, formulas, languages. Examples of professions: programmer, proofreader, philologist, mathematician.

5. “Man is an artistic image”(X)

The main subject of work is artistic images. Examples of professions: poet, sculptor, conductor, artist, designer.

Job classes

(by labor operations or labor purpose)

According to the approach of E.A. Klimov, in accordance with the prevailing labor operations, all professions are divided into three classes:

1. Gnostic(recognizing) specialties (GN),

2. Transformative specialties (Pr),

3. Exploratory(creative) specialties (I).

Let us show how classes of professions relate to types of professions (Table 2.7).

Classes professions Types professions	Gnostic (G)	Transformative (Etc)	Exploratory(creative) (AND)
Man - Technology	Quality Control Worker	Mechanic, driver, installer.	Designer, inventor.
Man - Man	Investigator	Teacher, nurse, doctor, salesperson.	Psychologist, entrepreneur.
Man - Nature	Receiver of agricultural products	Field breeder, veterinarian.	Breeder
Man - Sign	Corrector	Programmer, accountant, cryptographer	Theoretical physicist
Man - Artistic image.	Painting works inspector	Jeweler, painter, decorator.	Composer, writer, sculptor.

Departments of professions

(by means of labor)

1. Manual labor(P) - manual (simple and weakly mechanized) tools.

Examples of professions: jeweler, fitter, auto mechanic, surgeon, pianist.

2. Mechanized labor(M) - mechanical equipment with manual control.

Examples of professions: driver, turner, seamstress.

3.Automated labor(A) - automated equipment for ensuring long-term or continuous technological processes.

Examples of professions: steelmaker, brewer, boiler room operator, nuclear power plant operator.

4. Functional tools(F). The main means of labor are the functional means of the body.

Examples of professions: teacher, singer, actor, theoretical scientist, dancer.

Profession groups (according to working conditions)

1. Household microclimate(work indoors) (B).

Examples of professions: accountant, teacher, manager.

2. Outdoor work(ABOUT)

Examples of professions: - shepherd, field farmer, postman, huntsman, military man.

3. Small confined spaces, cabins(TO).

Examples of professions: driver, crane operator, cashier of an exchange office.

4. Unusual working conditions(H)

Examples of professions: diver, miner, mine rescuer, steelmaker, astronaut, stuntman.

According to this classification, you can create formulas for a particular profession. For example, the formula for the accounting profession will be - Z: Pr: R: B.

Psychologist - H: Pr: F: B

Turner - T: Pr: M: B

Locksmith - T: Pr: R: B

Steelmaker - T: Pr: A: N

Artist - H: Tv: R: B

Investigator - W: G: F: B

The world of professions is changing and diverse. To navigate the world of professions, classifications are needed. There can be many of them, since there are a variety of reasons for their construction.

Adopted in 1957 International Standard Classification of Occupations(ISUC), created by the joint efforts of representatives of UNESCO, the UN and World Organization healthcare. ISKP includes more than 7 thousand names of professions. The purpose of this classification is to summarize statistical data from different countries, build international programs related to labor force(with issues of population migration, vocational education, wage analysis, workforce placement, etc.). In this classification, professions are grouped regardless of industry; the main criterion for grouping here is the nature of the work, the tools and means of production used, the raw materials used, and the education required.

Classification of professions by sectors of the national economy It is also multi-purpose; it is based on economic and technological criteria. Knowing that a particular profession belongs to a certain industry, one can imagine the nature of the product of labor, the type of technology used, the degree of danger of the profession in terms of the risk of occupational diseases and injuries.

Classification of professions for the purposes of occupational health and safety necessary for doctors to develop measures for the prevention and diagnosis of cases of occupational pathology. In 1913, at the expense of the Moscow Zemstvo, hygienist S.M. Bogoslovsky published the book “The System of Professional Classification,” which included seven types of hygienic groupings of professions.

In the 70s XX century was developed in our country classification of types of work by severity, understood as an integral indicator of the degree of adverse impact on health and functional state of the entire variety of labor factors, working conditions and workload (Slavina E.S., Makushin V.G., 1974).

Grouping of professions for the purpose of selection and rational placement of personnel in a separate enterprise or in the industry are compiled on the basis of certification of labor positions (positions).

Within the framework of labor history, technology can be developed historical classification as a grouping of professions in connection with historical eras, the level of development of technological progress, forecast of future changes in the world of work.

The classification of professions can be based on psychophysiological approach, the criterion for such classification is the required degree of development of mental and psychophysiological functions. An example would be the classification of types of work according to the degree of need for creative intellectual functions at work. In principle, groupings of professions can be constructed according to the requirements for mnemonic functions, psychomotor talent, types of intelligence, characteristics of professional communication, etc.

This kind of classification was proposed at the beginning of the 20th century. S. Piorkovsky identified groups of professions: inferior(unskilled labor); average(specialized industrial professions with requirements for the sensorimotor sphere or intelligence, but within limited limits); higher(requiring independent decisions, development of organizational functions and general intelligence). A similar version of the classification was also proposed by O. Lipman, the difference between his version was in the division of professions of the highest group: into gnostic (scientist); technical (engineer); and symbolizing (artist, poet, musician).

Well-known domestic economist S.G. Strumilin considered it useful to create a classification of professions according to the types of unpleasant aspects of work. He intended to take into account physical troubles(work fatigue, physical pain, dampness, uncomfortable temperature sensations); aesthetic problems(rhythm disharmony; light and sound dissonances, unpleasant odors, etc.); social problems(aimlessness, uninteresting work; vanity, poor organization of joint activities; lack of mutual support in general work; isolation from people). These manifestations of the negative aspects of professions were supposed to be kept in mind when determining the wages of workers, which should compensate them for the moral costs caused by negative emotions.

In the 60s XX century Leningrad scientists under the leadership of E.A. Klimov, the information retrieval system “Professiography” was created. This system involved a comprehensive study of professions (from the point of view of socio-economic, production and technical, sanitary and hygienic and psychophysiological). Classification characteristics of professions were combined into five groups:

1) general information about the profession(name of profession, specialty, type of work; belonging to a sector of the national economy, prevalence, number of employees, average earnings);

2) personnel training(type educational institution; duration of training; conditions for admission to study, level of final qualifications; prospects for professional growth);

3) typical production performance indicators(types of labor; subject and purpose of work; type of tools used; the most important responsibilities of the worker; types of difficulties, errors, the possibility of accidents due to the fault of the worker; the predominant type of activity in its content; forms of labor organization and the nature of social connections in work);

4) sanitary and hygienic working conditions(occupational hazards, medical contraindications);

5) psychophysiological characteristics of work(120 signs):

Sensory processes and perceptual actions;

Mental processes for storing, processing information, making decisions - observation, memory, thinking, speech functions;

Motor components of activity;

The emotional background of work activity – features of the regulation of work behavior, the nature of neuropsychic tension;

Individual and personal qualities - immunity to interference, endurance, speed, balance, activity, strong-willed qualities, hard work, communication, humanity.

Each symptom was assessed according to its severity; gradations were used: high and constant, high and periodic, moderate. As a result, each profession could be presented in the form of a graphic profile of the degree of expression of the structural components of professional activity, assessed on nine scales.

The variety of characteristics of work activity determines the possibilities of multifactorial classification of its types according to various classification criteria. As an example, one of the fragments of such a classification can be given.

1. Based on the nature of the workload of the subject of labor and his efforts to implement labor tasks, physical and mental labor are distinguished.

2. According to the characteristics of labor goals, workload, organization of the labor process, mental work is divided into:

Operational (managing), operator (information interaction with technology), creative - (standard - teaching, medical work, etc., non-standard - scientific work, composing musical, literary works, etc.), heuristic (invention).

Dynamic and static;

Monotonous (monotonous) and varied (in content, tempo, etc.).

3. Depending on the operating conditions, work is distinguished in comfortable conditions (hygienic environmental parameters within standard values), in unusual conditions with constant exposure to adverse factors (high pressure - diving work, low temperatures– polar explorers, information overload – dispatch work, etc.), in extreme conditions(with increased responsibility for success in work, people’s health and safety of equipment, as well as in case of danger to life, harm to health, etc.).

4. According to the form of organization of activity, the following types of labor are distinguished:

Regulated (with a certain work schedule), unregulated (with a free schedule), mixed (shift change, shift);

Individual and collective (joint).

E.A. proposed by Klimov “four-tier classification of professions”, which is built on the basis of a multifactorial principle.

The first tier consists of five types of professions based on the differences in their object systems:

1 person - Live nature(P-P) – agronomist, microbiologist, etc.;

2) person - equipment (H-T) - mechanic, mechanic, computer operator;

3) person - person (H-H) - doctor, teacher, seller, etc.;

4) person – sign system (S-S) – mathematician, editor, etc.;

5) person - artistic image (CH-X) - conductor, artist, performer, etc.

On the second tier, within each type of profession, three classes are distinguished based on the goals of labor:

1) gnostic (from the Greek - “gnosis” - knowledge) professions (G) - taster (C-P), controller (C-T), sociologist (C-C), proofreader (C-Z), art critic (C -X);

2) transformative professions (P) - master livestock breeder (C-P), turner (C-T), teacher (C-C), accountant (C-Z), florist-decorator (C-H);

3) research professions (I) - pilot-observer (P-P), design engineer (C-T), educator (C-C), programmer (C-Z), composer (C-X);

At the third tier, each of the previous three classes of professions is divided into four departments based on the main tools (means) of labor:

1) manual labor professions (R) – plumbing inspector (G-Ch-T), chemical analysis laboratory assistant (G-Ch-P), veterinarian (P-Ch-P), mechanic (P-Ch-T);

2) professions of machine-manual labor (M) - turner, car driver, excavator operator, etc.;

3) professions related to the use of automatic and automated systems (A) – machine operator with program controlled, air traffic controller, shift operator Nuclear power plants, etc.;

4) professions associated with the use of functional means of labor (F) - actor, acrobat, etc.;

On the fourth tier, in each of the four departments of professions, four groups of professions are distinguished based on working conditions (U):

1) work in a room with a normal microclimate (M) - laboratory assistant, accountant, etc.;

2) work outdoors (O) - agronomist, installer, traffic police inspector, etc.;

3) work in unusual conditions (N) - diver, high-altitude worker, miner, firefighter, etc.;

4) work in conditions of increased responsibility (T) – educator kindergarten, teacher, doctor, investigator, etc.

The identified four tiers (groups) of characteristics are partially overlapping. The proposed classification allows, firstly, to provide an overview of the map of the world of professions and, secondly, to draw up (using conventional letter designations) an approximate formula for a certain profession.