Formal business style of speech is the rule. Theory in Russian official - business style

Officially- business style(ODS) serves the sphere of official relations, in which communication participants perform certain social functions. Situations during such communication are as typical as possible, which gives rise to the standard speech behavior their participants, therefore many documents are ready-made forms in which you only need to enter the passport data of the document submitter.

The term “official business style” is usually used to denote the peculiarities of the language of official (organizational and administrative) and diplomatic documents. The main function of the official business style is that, requiring a certain form for the written presentation of the content, it gives the text the character of a document and transfers the various aspects of human relations reflected in this text into the category of official business documents.

The main features of ODS are precision of formulation, standard arrangement of material, regulation (limited set of language tools), rigor and simplicity, information richness, written form presentation and impersonality of utterance.

ODS is divided into three substyles - legal, diplomatic and clerical and business. Each of them is reflected in a number of genres. The genres of the legal substyle include the constitution, code, law, charter, resolution; the genres of the diplomatic substyle include a credential, note of protest, declaration, communiqué; the genres of the clerical and business substyle include orders, contracts, notices, orders, as well as all types of documents. of a personal nature (application, complaint, receipt, power of attorney, letter, report / official / explanatory note, autobiography, etc.).

Among the linguistic features of the official business style, the following should be highlighted. To the lexical features of ODS refers to the presence of stable expressions and terms denoting the realities of social life, as well as clericalisms that immediately catch the eye, are imprinted and later emerge in a spontaneous and unprepared form in colloquial speech (proper, undersigned, hear, plaintiff, individual, consumer and etc.). ODS texts lack emotionally expressive vocabulary, evaluative and introductory modal words ( good, bad, like, want, probably, maybe, etc.). The words used in the texts are characterized by limited lexical compatibility, for example, official letter not written, A is being compiled.

In morphological terms noted use short forms adjectives with the meaning of obligation ( obliged, responsible, accountable) and participles ( the decision was made, the candidacy was supported), an abundance of denominate prepositions and conjunctions ( accordingly, in continuation, for purposes, due to the fact that). To express imperativeness, infinitive constructions are used, reinforced by adverbs and modal words ( repairs must be made, I order that measures be taken, it is necessary to begin... etc.).

TO syntactic features ODS texts include the active use of passive constructions ( the order is completed, it is not possible, negotiations are completed) and an abundance of sentences with homogeneous members and isolated phrases, various kinds of cliches and cliches with archaic elements ( according to the act, the punishability of the act).

ODS texts are characterized by sentences with inversion - the subject with an objective meaning follows the predicate ( Everyone is guaranteed freedom of conscience). Sentences with participles and participial phrases allow you to make the text information-rich. The texts are dominated by constructions with “stringing” of genitive cases of nouns without prepositions ( Any form of restriction of the rights of citizens is prohibited Russian Federation ).

Official business texts are characterized by high degree segmentation, which allows you to clearly structure the text, dividing it into articles, paragraphs, paragraphs, subparagraphs. The text is built according to a template (form), which includes all the elements required for a given genre.

ODS texts, or documents, occupy a significant place in life modern man. They regulate our social life, so we feel the need for them every day. That is why each of us must be able not only to correctly interpret a document, but also to draft it correctly. The author composing this or that document must use in it those linguistic means that the genre of the document requires of him, and not “invent” his own phrases that differ from the standard ones.

The document is created in accordance with the genre model of the text with a constant composition, which includes mandatory thematic blocks, i.e. details.

For example, a job application contains the following details:

1) indication of the addressee (name of the manager and enterprise);

2) indication of the addressee;

3) name of the genre of the document (statement);

4) the main content of the request (please accept me...);

5) indication of the date of preparation of the document;

6) signature (handwritten signature).

It is necessary to strictly observe the requirements for the location of details in relation to each other. In the application, the addressee and addressee are indicated in the upper right corner of the sheet. Title of the document (with a capital letter and without a period at the end, if the addressee uses the preposition “from”, or with lowercase letter and with a period at the end, if the addresser without the preposition “from”) is located in the middle, and the main content is along the width of the sheet. The date is placed at the bottom left, and the signature is placed at the right, on the same line as the date. In this case, empty lines are left between the details. Below the date and signature, free space is left for the resolution. Resolutions are also in the top left corner.

The official business style is the most common style, which functions not only in clerical work and diplomacy, but also in any official relations, for example, in production, at a university, in medical institutions, in the newspaper, etc.

When drawing up documents, generally accepted stable speech patterns are used: I ask your permission to...; I, who have signed below...; the certificate was given... that... indeed...; let me invite you...; I, who live at the address..., trust...

It is extremely important for documents correct usage verbs like trust, assure, guarantee, declare, notify, insist, confirm, notify, offer, order etc. These verbs are used in the first person plural or singular form in sentences without a subject, as well as the third person singular when mentioning the addresser, for example: “I ask”, not “I ask”; “we undertake”, not “we undertake”.

The author of the document must be able to accurately and concisely express his point of view on the issue of interest to him. To do this, he must know linguistic means expressing cause-and-effect and other logical relationships, which, first of all, include complex conjunctions and denominate prepositions: for the reason, for the purposes of, on the basis of, in order to avoid, in accordance with, according to, thanks to, in view of and so on.

In official business papers it is necessary to use correctly etiquette formulas addresses indicating respectful attitude of the addressee towards the addressee: Thank you for..., We kindly ask you..., Unfortunately... It should be kept in mind that in business letter second person pronouns ( You, Your) are written with a capital letter, while in the usual writing This spelling contradicts the norms of Russian spelling.

In official business papers, familiar address to the addressee is not allowed ( Expensive…), indication of response time in ultimatum form ( Please answer me immediately...)or refusal to the addressee’s request without specifying reasons.

To typical for business speech Errors include the following violations:

1) unmotivated use foreign words (prolong instead of extend; appeal instead of address);

2) the use of archaisms ( which instead of which, this year instead of this year);

3) incorrect use of paronyms ( graduated from university instead of graduated from university; introduce the products instead of introduce the products);

4) violation of the norms of using prepositions ( thanks, according to, despite, according to combined with the dative case; as a result, during differ in their spelling from prepositional-case combinations An experienced detective is involved in the investigation; there are rapids along the river).

Here are two options for writing a statement:.

Option 1 (application from whom):

prof. A.M. Shammazov

from a second year student

Faculty of Technology

Nikolaev Denis Yakovlevich.

Statement

Please transfer me to correspondence form training for family reasons. Extract from academic certificate about the tests and exams I passed are attached.

07/25/2012 Personal signature

Option 2 (whose statement):

Rector of Ufa State

oil technical university

prof. A.M. Shammazov

second year student

Faculty of Technology

Nikolaev Denis Yakovlevich

statement.

In connection with the request of the enterprise, which sent me at its own expense for training, I ask you to transfer me to the specialty “Drilling of oil and gas wells”. A letter from the HR department of Burintech LLC is attached.

The official business style is much more common in life than you might think. You see it in instructions, in any documents of organizations (no matter government or commercial), in legislative acts, in methodological developments and so on.

The main function of this style is to inform – convey extremely accurate and concise information. Therefore, the information richness of texts written in an official business style is very high, although difficult to understand.

Read about all styles of speech (text).

Have you assigned an essay or coursework on literature or other subjects? Now you don’t have to suffer yourself, but simply order the work. We recommend contacting >>here, they do it quickly and cheaply. Moreover, you can even bargain here
P.S.
By the way, they do homework there too 😉

Characteristics of formal business style

Among the main style features are the following:

• informational orientation - in order to remain in the exclusively administrative and legal sphere of activity;
• accuracy and standardization of formulations - sometimes to the detriment of ease of perception;
• rigid logical structure of both sentences and the text itself as a whole;
• lack of emotionality and evaluativeness - in texts written in an official business style, there are either facts or reasonable hypotheses, and a subjective approach to the things presented is completely excluded.

At language levels style features appear as follows:

• in vocabulary - as a rule, the texts use mainly words and terms of the official business sphere;
• in morphology - clericalisms and linguistic clichés (set expressions) are actively exploited; complex prepositions;
• in syntax - texts of the named style are composed mainly of significant length, voluminous sentences, as a rule, complex and complicated in various ways.

Official business style: analysis of examples

Let's look at examples of our style so that its features become clearer.

Excerpt from the document:

According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as LLC) is recognized as one approved by one or more persons commercial organization, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares determined by the constituent documents. Unlike joint stock company, the right to a share is not confirmed security, a share, but only a certificate, which, in accordance with the charter of the LLC, can be issued to its founders.

1 . In vocabulary From the above excerpt, the following layers can be distinguished:

• words that are called commonly used: participants, documents, society, persons, limited;
• terms: shares, limited liability company, code, founder, authorized capital, share, commercial organization;
• speech clichés: according to the code, in contrast to, in accordance with.

2. Let's look at the morphology the specified excerpt from the document. The following points should be highlighted here:

• verbal nouns predominate: organization, founders, participants;
• often there are nouns with the general meaning of persons: persons, participants;
• stringing of nouns in the instrumental and genitive case: Unlike a joint-stock company, the right to a share is confirmed not by a security or share, but only by a certificate that, in accordance with the charter of the LLC, can be issued to its founders;
• predominance of participles and gerunds over verbs.

3. Syntax. There are also interesting points here:

• proposals are usually voluminous (in in this case we have two such sentences, and they completely constitute the given passage);
• the sentences use direct word order: a limited liability company is recognized as..., the authorized capital... is divided;
• According to the purpose of the statement in the above passage, all sentences are narrative;
• a complex sentence is further complicated, firstly, by participial phrases (defined by the constituent documents), and secondly, by homogeneous members (According to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a limited liability company (hereinafter referred to as LLC) is a commercial organization approved by one or more persons, the charter whose capital is divided into shares).

Excerpt from the document:

During the war in the village. Borovoe, 45 houses out of 77 survived. The collective farmers had 4 cows, 3 heifers, 13 sheep, 3 piglets. Most gardens personal plots, as well as an orchard with a total area of ​​2.7 hectares, belonging to the Krasnaya Zarya collective farm, were cut down. Damage caused German fascist invaders property of the collective farm and collective farmers is estimated at approximately 230,700 rubles.
Residents in the village to our arrival military units there were 64 out of 370.
There were cases of forcible removal of residents to work for the occupiers... Currently, it has been completely restored in the village. Borovoy farm of the collective farm "Red Dawn".

1. In vocabulary Let us note the following layers:

• words of general use: survived, residents, gardens.
• terms and established expressions: damage, removal, total area, Nazi invaders.
• frequent speech clichés: remained in stock, the damage caused is calculated, took place, most of the gardens.
• despite the rare inversion (there were cases of forcible removal), the word order is most often direct: most of the gardens... were cut down, the damage... was calculated, the inhabitants... were numbered;
• a large number of numerals expressing statistical data: 4 cows, 3 heifers, 13 sheep, 3 piglets remained.

2. Let's analyze the morphology the given passage. As you can see, in this example the same as in the first:

• verbal nouns and nouns with abstract meaning predominate: removal, work, occupiers, arrival, time, damage;
• nouns having general meaning persons: residents, occupiers, collective farmers;
• there is a stringing of nouns in the instrumental and genitive case: damage caused by the Nazi invaders of the property of the collective farm and collective farmers.

3. In syntax The following points should be noted:

• sentences are cumbersome, usually dryly informative;
• the order of words is direct: caused by the Nazi invaders of the property of the collective farm and collective farmers;
• In terms of purpose, the statements are usually narrative, and in terms of intonation they are non-exclamatory.

In conclusion, it should be noted that the official business style is one of the most insidious. His formulations are so refined that they are firmly etched in the memory, and therefore clericalism and linguistic clichés actively penetrate into the books, making them look like a bad translation from a foreign language.

Remember: the facelessness and detachment of business-style vocabulary for good literature is a great evil. behind the words and expressions you choose for your stories and novels. And if bureaucracy has penetrated them, drive them out mercilessly!

Sometimes, after reading the next contract, you understand why it is customary to use specially trained people to work with them. This happens due to the peculiarities of the official business style, making it difficult to understand. But this manner of presentation also has its advantages, otherwise its use would have been abandoned long ago.

Signs of an official business style of speech

Of course, for us the main indicators of the officiality of a document are the seal of the organization and the signature of the responsible person, but when we're talking about Regarding the style of speech, completely different signs come to the fore.

1. Objectivity, information content and reliability.
2. The absence of words that can be interpreted in two ways.
3. Impeccable construction of phrases and documents from a legal point of view.
4. Conciseness of wording, striving for maximum brevity, use complex sentences with frequent use of complex conjunctions and verbal nouns.
5. Neutrality of presentation, lack of emotional coloring, preference direct order words, almost complete neglect of individualization of style.
6. The use of speech cliches when constructing phrases.
7. Using standard phrases to describe typical situations.
8. Logic of presentation, its narrative character.

All these features of the official business style of speech make it the most closed and stable among all book styles. Time brings its changes to this language, but the main points - phraseological units, specific speech and syntactic turns - remain unchanged. In other styles of speech, the use of cliches has long been considered a disadvantage, but in formal conversations they are welcome. Actually, such a stereotyped text, combined with a lack of emotional coloring and big amount enumerations, which are also a sign of the official style, and make documents so difficult to read and .

The purpose of the formal business style of speech

At first glance, all this linguistic inertia and conservatism were invented to emphasize the isolation of business from other spheres of life. As a result, the average person receives headache from trying to understand all the intricacies, and is forced to pay money to specialists.

On the one hand, this is true, a number of specialists (document specialists, lawyers, archivists) are partly translators from official business speech to colloquial speech, understandable to the majority of the population. But you shouldn’t look for the tenacious clutches of a global conspiracy here, because on the other hand, the official business style of speech is designed to minimize the likelihood of errors and simplify working with various kinds documentation. In colloquial speech, we often use expressions with strong emotional overtones, love ambiguity, often use argot and do not disdain irony. Can you imagine what, for example, a supply agreement written spoken language? On compliance with delivery deadlines, liability for violation of the agreement and the conformity of the delivered goods ordered could be forgotten. That is, a special style of presentation for official papers was created to eliminate the possibility of speculation and different interpretations information depending on the education of the people working with them. And to speed up work with various kinds of documents, drafting standards have been invented. Everything is regulated: from the location of the details to the order in which the address is written on the envelope. This allows you to quickly find necessary information without revising the entire document. For example, an accountant paying for the rental of premises is only interested in the terms of payment, details and duration of the contract. The clear structure of the document allows you to quickly access this information; otherwise, the time for processing the contract would greatly increase.

Official business style is a style that serves the legal and administrative and public spheres of activity. It is used when writing documents, business papers and letters in government agencies, courts, as well as in different types business oral communication.

Among book styles, the official business style stands out for its relative stability and isolation. Over time, it naturally undergoes some changes, but many of its features: historically established genres, specific vocabulary, morphology, syntactic phrases - give it a generally conservative character.

The official business style is characterized by dryness, the absence of emotionally charged words, conciseness, and compactness of presentation.

In official papers, the set of linguistic means used is predetermined. The most striking feature of the official business style is linguistic cliches, or so-called cliches (French. clich). A document is not expected to show the individuality of its author; on the contrary, the more clichéd a document is, the more convenient it is to use (see examples of clichés below)

Formal business style- this is the style of documents of different genres: international treaties, state acts, legal laws, regulations, charters, instructions, official correspondence, business papers, etc. But, despite the differences in content and variety of genres, the official business style as a whole is characterized by common and most important features. These include:

1) accuracy, excluding the possibility of other interpretations;

2) locale standard.

These features find their expression a) in the selection of linguistic means (lexical, morphological and syntactic); b) in the preparation of business documents.

Let's consider the features of vocabulary, morphology and syntax of the official business style.

§2. Linguistic signs of official business style of speech

Lexical features of official business style of speech

The lexical (dictionary) system of the official business style, in addition to general book and neutral words, includes:

1) language stamps (bureaucracy, clichés) : raise a question based on a decision, incoming and outgoing documents, control over execution is assigned upon expiration of the deadline.

2) professional terminology : arrears, alibi, black cash, shadow business;

3) archaisms : I certify this document.

In an official business style, the use of polysemantic words, as well as words with figurative meanings, is unacceptable, and synonyms are used extremely rarely and, as a rule, belong to the same style: supply = supply = collateral, solvency = creditworthiness, depreciation = depreciation, appropriation = subsidy and etc.

Official business speech reflects not individual, but social experience, as a result of which its vocabulary is extremely generalized. In an official document, preference is given to generic concepts, for example: to arrive (instead of arrive, arrive, arrive etc.), vehicle(instead of bus, plane, Zhiguli etc.), locality(instead of village, town, village etc.) etc.

Morphological characteristics of an official business style of speech

The morphological features of this style include the repeated (frequency) use of certain parts of speech (and their types). These include the following:

1) nouns - names of people based on a characteristic determined by the action ( taxpayer, tenant, witness);

2) nouns denoting positions and titles in the masculine form ( Sergeant Petrova, inspector Ivanova);

3) verbal nouns with a particle Not-(deprivation, non-compliance, non-recognition);

4) derived prepositions ( in connection with, due to, by virtue of, to the extent of, in relation to, on the basis of);

5) infinitive constructions: ( conduct an inspection, provide assistance);

6) present tense verbs in the meaning of a commonly performed action ( behind non-payment will be subject to a fine…).

7) compound words formed from two or more stems ( tenant, employer, logistics, repair and maintenance, above, below and so on.).

The use of these forms is explained by the desire of business language to accurately convey meaning and unambiguous interpretation.

Syntactic features of official business style of speech

The syntactic features of the official business style include:

1) consumption simple sentences with homogeneous members, and the rows of these homogeneous members can be very common (up to 8–10), for example: ... fines as an administrative penalty may be established in accordance with Russian legislation for violation of safety and labor protection rules in industry, construction, transport and agriculture;

2) the presence of passive structures ( payments are made at the specified time);

3) stringing the genitive case, i.e. use of a chain of nouns in the genitive case: ( results of the activities of the tax police authorities…);

4) the predominance of complex sentences, especially complex sentences, with conditional clauses: If there is a dispute about the amount of amounts due to the dismissed employee, the administration is obliged to pay the compensation specified in this article if the dispute is resolved in favor of the employee.

MOSCOW HUMANITIES AND ECONOMICS INSTITUTE

Kirov branch

ABSTRACT

CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS SPEECH STYLE

Performed:

Gradoboeva O.V.

Faculty of Economics and Management

Extramural

4th year group ES

Checked:

INTRODUCTION 5

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE 6

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech 8

VARIETIES OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE 9

CONCLUSION 13

REFERENCES 14

APPENDIX 1 15

APPENDIX 2 16

INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….3

General characteristics of official business style…………………………..4

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech…………………………………..6

Varieties of official business style……………………………………7

Summary……………………………………………………………………………………….9

CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………………….11

LITERATURE………………………………………………………………………………..12

APPENDIX……………………………………………………………….13

INTRODUCTION

Communication is heterogeneous; it is divided into many spheres, many areas.

A speech by a lawyer in court, a report in a scientific circle, a poem, an open letter, etc. - all speech genres perform different content and stylistic tasks, therefore their language and speech form are different.

But there are tasks (functions) that unite groups of speech genres that are characteristic of the entire language. It is known that the language existed at first only in oral form. At this stage, it was characterized by a single function - the function of communication. Then, in response to the demands of society, social practice becomes necessary to regulate life within the state and enter into agreements with neighbors. As a result, the official business function of the language develops and business speech is formed. Other functions also appear - scientific and informative, formative scientific style, aesthetic, forming the language of fiction. Each function requires special qualities from the language, for example, accuracy, objectivity, imagery, etc. And the language develops the corresponding qualities over time. This is how the development, differentiation of language and the formation of functional styles occur.

“The clerical language,” wrote G.O. Vinokur, “is man’s first attempt to master the element of language, to subjugate all these unruly particles, conjunctions, pronouns, which do not fit into a harmonious, smooth period.”

GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE

The origin of Russian official business speech begins in the 10th century, from the era Kievan Rus, and is associated with the execution of treaties between Kievan Rus and Byzantium. The language of contracts and other documents was precisely the language from which the literary language was later developed.

Modern official business style is one of the book styles and functions in the form of written speech - speeches at ceremonial meetings, receptions, reports of government and public figures etc.

The official business style serves purely official and extremely important areas of human relationships: relations between government and the population, between countries, between enterprises, organizations, institutions, between individuals and society.

It is clear that, on the one hand, the content expressed in the official business style, given its enormous importance, must exclude any ambiguity, any discrepancies. On the other hand, the official business style is characterized by a certain, more or less limited range of topics.

The correlation (official business situation - the corresponding genre of the document) means that the content of the document covers a variety of real business circumstances, corresponding not to a single circumstance, but to their entire type-situation. As a result, the form and language of documents in an official business style appear to be standardized (corresponding to a single model), and the very requirement of standardization permeates the entire sphere of business speech.

In the field of business speech, we deal with a document, i.e. with a business paper that has legal force, and this fact itself determines the written nature of the implementation of linguistic means in an official business style.

In linguistics, it is customary to contrast two types of texts: informative (scientific, business) and expressive (journalistic, artistic). The fact that business speech belongs to the first type explains some of its features, and above all, its stylistic character. The ultimate informative purpose of a business text is reflected in the writer’s desire for the most strict and restrained nature of the presentation, and thereby in the desire to use stylistically neutral and/or bookish elements.

The above also determines the requirement of unambiguity, characteristic of business speech. This requirement predetermines the use of terms or close to unambiguous special language means in business speech, for example, decree, resolution - in clerical language, plaintiff, defendant - in legal language.

The requirement for logical and well-reasoned presentation in the field of syntax of business speech explains the abundance of complex constructions. This refers to the greater use of complex sentences with conjunctions conveying logical relations (subordinate clauses of causes, consequences, conditions), the productivity of all kinds of clarifications in the text (participial, adverbial phrases), differentiation of semantic relations with the help of complex conjunctions (due to the fact that) and prepositions ( for what).

The listed distinctive linguistic features of business style (stylistic, lexical, morphological, syntactic) organically fit into the written sphere of use of this style, into its characteristic genres of documentation. But this is not the only feature of the norms of the official business substyle.

Dynamics of the norm of official business speech

Business speech is a set of standards of written speech necessary in official business relations. These standards include both forms of documentation (set, sequence and arrangement of details) and corresponding methods of speech presentation. The thesis about the high regulation of official business speech is confirmed not only in the mandatory requirements for the construction and preparation of documents, but also in the possibility of normalization - making changes to the rules for the construction and preparation of documents in the process of their unification. This applies to both sides of the document - its form and its language.

Currently text and language norms business speech is under pressure from the increasingly developing method of compiling, storing and transmitting documents using electronic computing technology.

VARIETIES OF OFFICIAL BUSINESS STYLE

The official business style is divided into 2 varieties, 2 substyles - official-documentary and everyday business. In the first, one can distinguish the language of diplomacy (diplomatic acts) and the language of laws, and in the second, official correspondence and business papers. (Annex 1)

THE LANGUAGE OF DIPLOMACY is very peculiar. It has its own system of terms, which has much in common with other terminologies, but also has a peculiarity - it is rich in international terms. In the Middle Ages Western Europe The common diplomatic language was Latin, then French (XVIII - early XIX). Therefore, in the language of diplomacy there are many terms of French origin: attaché - a position or rank of a diplomatic worker; muniqué is an official government statement on foreign policy issues.

There are also Russian terms - Russian diplomacy has a long history: ambassador, embassy, ​​observer.

Only in diplomacy are etiquette words used. These are addresses to the chairmen of other states, designations of titles: king, His Highness.

The syntax of the language of diplomacy is characterized by long sentences, extended periods with branched conjunctions, with participial and participial phrases, infinitive constructions, introductory and isolated expressions. Often a sentence consists of segments, each of which expresses a complete thought, arranged in the form of paragraphs, but not separated from the others by a dot, but is formally included in the structure of one sentence. For example, the preamble to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights has such a syntactic structure.

LAW LANGUAGE is the official language, the language state power, in which she speaks to the population.

The language of laws requires, above all, accuracy. Another important feature of the language of laws is the generality of expression. The legislator strives for the greatest generalization, avoiding particulars and details.

The language of laws is also characterized by a complete lack of individualization of speech and standard presentation.

The law does not apply to an individual, specific person, but to all people or groups of people.

OFFICIAL CORRESPONDENCE. Its example can be considered the telegraphic style, characterized by extreme rationality in the construction of syntactic structures. Stringing of cases, which is considered a serious stylistic flaw in other styles, is also not prohibited here. Here it also contributes to saving language resources and compactness of speech.

The main feature of the language of official correspondence is its high standardization. The content of business letters is very often repeated, since many production situations are the same. Therefore, it is natural to have the same linguistic design of certain substantive aspects of a business letter. For each such aspect, there is a certain syntactic model of the sentence, which, depending on the semantic and stylistic characteristics, has a number of specific speech options.

BUSINESS PAPERS (application, autobiography, receipt, power of attorney, certificate, etc.) should be written briefly and clearly (Appendix 2)

Business papers are drawn up in a certain form. The style usually excludes complex designs. Each new thought should begin with a paragraph. All words are written in full, with the exception of generally accepted abbreviations.

SUMMARY

The official business style is one of the functional styles of the modern Russian literary language: a set of linguistic means, the purpose of which is to serve the sphere of official business relations (business relations between organizations, within them, between legal entities and individuals). Business speech is implemented in the form of written documents, constructed according to rules that are uniform for each of their genre varieties. Types of documents differ in the specifics of their content (which official business situations are reflected in them), and, accordingly, in their form (the set and arrangement of details - the content elements of the text of the document); They are united by a set of language tools traditionally used to convey business information.

Signs of business documentation:

1. The specificity of the culture of official business speech is that it includes mastery of two norms of different nature:

1) textual, regulating the patterns of document construction, the patterns of development of its content scheme, and

2) linguistic, regulating the patterns of selection of linguistic material to fill the content scheme of the document.

Distinguishing between these two types of norms of business speech helps to understand the direction and stages of mental work on the text of a document: understanding the official business situation → selecting a document genre that corresponds to it → understanding the norms of text construction that correspond to the genre of the document → choosing linguistic means that correspond to the genre and form of the document.

2. The document form (a diagram reflecting the semantic-information structure of the text) provides its compiler with a certain set of details and their certain composition (the sequence and order of their placement in the text of the document). The most common (common to a number of documents) details are: (1) the addressee of the document; (2) the addressee of the document; (3) title of the document; (4) title to the content of the text of the document; (5) a list of appendices to the document; (6) signature; (7) date. The obligatory/optional nature of using certain details determines the rigidity/freedom of constructing the form of the document. The above allows us to characterize the “writer” as the compiler of the text of the document (according to its known samples): this applies both to the level of textual norms and to the level of linguistic norms.

CONCLUSION

In this work, a general description of the official business style of speech was given, as well as varieties and two substyles of the official business style. In terms of the scale of its distribution and penetration into the speech practice of any activity, official business speech most affects the mass of speakers.

Business style is a set of linguistic means, the function of which is to serve the sphere of official business relations, i.e. relations that arise between state bodies, between or within organizations, between organizations and individuals in the process of their production, economic, and legal activities. Thus, the scope of business speech can, in principle, be represented as a wide network of current official business situations and as a set of corresponding genres of documents.

Official business speech is one of the most important styles of Russian literary language playing a big role in the life of society. He makes his own special contribution to the treasury of the Russian literary language.

LITERATURE

Soglanik G.Ya. Text style: Tutorial. – M.: Flinta, Nauka, 1997.-256 p.

Culture of Russian speech. Textbook for universities / edited by Graudina L.K. and prof. Shiryaeva E.N. - M.: Publishing house NORMA, 2000, 560 p.

Schwarzkopf B.S. Culture of Russian speech and effectiveness of communication, 1996, section. 3, chapter 9

Golovach A.S. Paperwork, 2003

ANNEX 1

Formal business style division diagram

Formal business style

Official documentary

Everyday business

Language of diplomacy

Official correspondence

Language of laws

Business papers

APPENDIX 2

Example of writing a power of attorney

POWER OF ATTORNEY

I, Kulikova Anna Vasilievna, living at the address: st. Chernyshevsky, house 3, apartment 12, I trust Alexandra Ivanovna Shashkova, who lives at the address: st. Chernyshevsky, building 3, apartment 19, passport series 2345, number 123456789, issued... to receive the pension due to me for November 2007.