Centers and enterprises engaged in industry. Which cities in Russia pay high salaries? Work in the light industry

The USSR was one of the leaders (and for many types of products, the first) in industrial production in the world and independently produced necessary equipment and machines. What of this have we lost and what have we saved over the 25 years that have passed since the beginning of the privatization of enterprises?

Bloody Chronicle

The plundering of former socialist property into pockets did not happen without contract killings, the peak of which occurred in the early 90s.

The oil industry turned out to be the bloodiest - people were in a hurry to get their hands on the inexhaustible tap with black gold at any cost. Fifty contract killings were associated with Samara Oil alone. The second industry in terms of the length of the bloody trail was metallurgy. Many murders remained unsolved.

Here are just a few of them: D. Zenshin, director of Kuibyshevnefteorgsintez, stabbed to death in 1993; Yu. Shebanov, Deputy Director of NefSam, shot and killed in 1994; F. Lvov, manager of AIOC(aluminum), shot 1995; V. Tokar, director of the non-ferrous metals plant(Kamensk-Uralsky), killed in 1996; A. Sosnin, owner of several Ural factories, killed in 1996. There were later murders. For example O. Belonenko, General Director of OJSC Uralmash, shot dead in 2000, and State Duma deputy V. Golovlev, according to one version, he fell victim to a killer in 2002 for participating in the illegal privatization of the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works.

In 2011, the Ural man was convicted killer V. Pilshchikov to 24.5 years in a strict regime colony. In May 1995 he killed Sverdlovsky businessman A. Yakushev, related to the capture in 1994-1995. Ekaterinburg Meat Processing Plant (EMK). And a year later he was ordered to work with A. Sosnin, the owner of several Ural factories.

In St. Petersburg in the 90s, only during the privatization of JSC Steel Rolling Plant, four applicants for this property were killed in turn. In 1996 he was killed in his office P. Sharlaev- the real leader of the Krasnoe Znamya knitting factory, who was listed as deputy general director there. He came close to creating a financial and industrial group that would unite the cotton-growing collective farms of Uzbekistan, St. Petersburg factories and banking resources. This is the first, but not the last, murder of factory managers.

In the 90s, the thieves' common fund was used to privatize the most delicious pieces of state property. The crime bosses tried to buy stakes and participate in the privatization of various state district power plants, pulp and paper mills, as well as Voronezhenergo, Samaraenergo, and Kurganenergo. Among the objects of interest to the mafia were Lenenergo and Sea port St. Petersburg".

"Legalized theft"

In the USSR, the bulk of resources - material and human - were directed to the development of its own heavy industry. By level industrial development the country was in second place in the world.

By 1990, there were 30 thousand 600 active large and medium-sized industrial enterprises in the RSFSR, says Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor Vasily Simchera.- Including 4.5 thousand large and largest ones, with up to 5 thousand people employed each, which accounted for over 55% of all industrial workers and more than half of the total industrial output. Nowadays there are only a few hundred such enterprises in Russia.

The creation of such a powerful industry was a natural phenomenon - being a superpower, the USSR carried out large-scale projects, and for them industrial products were needed, especially the products of heavy industry.

Workers were not harmed

The RSFSR provided itself and other union republics with the main types of industrial products. In the year of the collapse of the Union, 1991, the RSFSR produced 4.5 times more trucks, 10.2 times more grain harvesters, 11.2 times more press-forging machines, 19.2 times more metal-cutting machines, 33.3 times more tractors and excavators, 58.8 times more motorcycles, 30 times more high-precision instruments and aircraft.

The industrial working class exceeded 40 million people, half of whom were skilled workers. Highly skilled workers, turners, mechanics, equipment adjusters received significant salaries, which consisted of a rate and bonuses for qualifications (rank system). At the same time, the salaries of plant directors could not be higher than the salaries of the highest paid workers of these enterprises. In the early 1980s, the salaries of “top” specialists were 500-1000 rubles. If we add to this various benefits, the possibility of sanatorium-resort treatment, priority in the queue for living space and other bonuses, then we can say that the life of highly skilled workers in the USSR was very acceptable, and the salaries were comparable in amounts with the salaries of the scientific nomenclature - university professors and directors of scientific institutes. The social package in the USSR, when converted into money, was approximately a third of the nominal salary, but the volume and especially the quality of services differed depending on the categories of workers. Ordinary workers large enterprises with developed social structure received an increase of up to 50%.

Gave it away for nothing

Today in the Russian Federation there are barely 5 thousand large and medium-sized industrial enterprises, including former Soviet ones. In the first year of privatization, 42 thousand enterprises (large, medium and small) were transferred to new owners. And only 12 thousand new business entities were created on their basis, most of which were then also liquidated. Therefore, I have reason to trust the figure circulating on the Internet: 30 thousand large and medium-sized enterprises, not counting many small ones, were destroyed by privatizers and reformers, and their property was stolen. The industrial census, which I insisted on when I was director of the Research Institute of Statistics of Rosstat (and which could give a more reliable picture), is stubbornly blocked to this day by those interested in malicious privatization.

Factories were auctioned off for next to nothing: for example, the Likhachev Plant, the famous ZIL, was sold for $130 million, the treasury received 13 million. While a similar Brazilian auto giant was sold to a private entrepreneur by the Brazilian government for $13 billion. Sibneft, which was privatized for $100 million is now worth $26 billion.

Treasury income from voucher privatization amounted to 2 trillion rubles, or $60 billion, which is half what the state budget received from privatization in small Hungary, where 10 million people live. According to estimates, the value of the privatized property was underestimated by 10 times and amounted to 20 trillion rubles, or $600 billion.

As a result of privatization, Russia's economic development was thrown back to the level of 1975. In addition, the country lost $1.5 trillion.

Therefore, a review of the results of fraudulent transactions is inevitable. It is necessary that the current real owners of privatized factories compensate the country for the damage caused and pay all due taxes on the real market value of the property received. Or let them return what they got by deception.

Instead of workshops and machines - now ruins

Once upon a time, life was in full swing at these factories. The ships, watches, cranes, etc. produced by them were transported throughout the USSR and around the world.

How was Yantar divided?

The Oryol Watch Factory was a leader in the USSR in the production of large-sized interior clocks and alarm clocks. In 1976, the plant received the name “Yantar”.

In the USSR, up to 9 thousand people worked at the Yantar Production Association; products were supplied to 86 countries of the world. But in the 90s, the head of the plant was forced to resign. The company began experiencing disruptions in wages, and employees responded with protest rallies.

The new director destroyed the plant within six months. In the 90s businessmen began to think first about themselves, and then about their homeland. Therefore, in our region there are almost no flagships of industry left who worked not only for the entire USSR, but also abroad,” says former mayor of Orel Efim Velkovsky.

In 2004, the plant was purchased by ALMAZ-HOLDING LLC, which distributed the property among other companies. As if in order to save production, Yantar LLC was created. 80 workers were left from the previous team, the rest ended up on the street. Instead of development, the plant faced bankruptcy. The equipment was sold at bargain prices. LLC "Yantar" ceased to exist - as unnecessary.

Approximately the same fate befell ZAO Orleks, the former Oryol plant of air conditioning and gas analysis devices. Instruments from Orel were installed in mines and mines, ship and railway refrigerators, on submarines and missiles. In the late 90s it was transformed into Orleks CJSC. And they began to “kill”. In 2011, the plant was declared bankrupt. Ready-to-use buildings with a total area of ​​10 thousand m2 were sold at a price of 10 thousand rubles. per square meter! Workers held rallies demanding that their wages be paid. At the same time, orders were received, but for some of Orlex’s products there were no analogues in Russia. However, in 2015 the company ceased operations.

Yantar plant, 1983. Photo: RIA Novosti / Valery Shustov

Who killed Katyusha

In the workshops of the Voronezh plant named after. The Comintern once produced the first systems rocket artillery"Katyusha".

After the war, the company produced excavators, cranes, loaders, and agricultural equipment. And in the 90s, along with the entire Voronezh mechanical engineering industry, the plant plunged into crisis. With Soviet volumes of 1 thousand 190 excavators per year in the 2000s, production barely reached 40 machines. And yet the enterprise could have stayed afloat if not for the location - 24 hectares of land almost in the city center. Tasty…

The workers, who had not received wages for months, went on strike and went on hunger strikes, but the protests did not prevent the plant from being sold off piece by piece for mere pennies. One factory property could be scrapped for hundreds of millions of rubles.

The plant finally ceased to exist in 2009. The workshops were gutted in a barbaric manner: everything was cut off - from overhead cranes to cables. To this day, a dismal landscape can be observed on the territory of the enterprise: windows are broken, roofs in the former workshops are broken, heaps of garbage are everywhere.

According to experts in the field of industrial real estate, the chance to revive the plant has been lost forever. In addition, part of its territory is already built up with high-rise buildings. And Voronezh residents are forced to purchase imported equipment.

And in Nizhny Novgorod in 2015, on the threshold of its 100th anniversary, the Nizhny Novgorod clothing factory “Mayak” closed. And in Soviet times, and even in the early 2000s it was one of the top ten sewing enterprises in the country. From here they sent clothes to Moscow, the Urals, and there were foreign contracts.

Since the late 1990s, the factory began to fade away. They sold unique equipment and rented out space. So the Nizhny Novgorod coats became another line in the history of the death of Soviet industry.

Mistake or salvation?

The privatization of the 90s was a rare case in Russian history when the state did not take away property from the people, but gave them something, and for free, he believes senior expert at the Institute of Economic Policy named after. Gaidar Sergei Zhavoronkov.

According to economist Vladimir Mau, at the time of the start of privatization, the state was unable to effectively control its property. The seizure of control over enterprises by their directors, determined to quickly make profits, has become a widespread phenomenon.

Few people know that before privatization, the Russian oil industry was unprofitable: oil production was subsidized. And after privatization, our oil production began to grow at the level of 7-8% per year. The coal industry at the end of Soviet power was also subsidized, and after privatization it became profitable.

It is impossible to review the results of privatization; this will only give rise to a wave of unnecessary conflicts. It is necessary to look at how efficiently the privatized enterprise operates. If " Norilsk Nickel“from a freeloader of the state budget to its donor, then what difference does it make who owns it and how its privatization was carried out?

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What was built in the new Russia?

IN modern times Of course, fewer enterprises were built than during the Soviet period. But among them are not only infrastructure and transport facilities, military-industrial complex and fuel and energy complex enterprises. There are also real giants of industry, including heavy industry.

In 2006, the Khakass Aluminum Plant (over 1,000 jobs) with a capacity of 300 thousand tons of aluminum per year opened in Sayanogorsk. In the same year, the Antipinsky oil refinery with thousands of jobs was put into operation in Tyumen. In 2010, Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Rus, the first foreign full-cycle auto plant in Russia, opened in Sestroretsk, which provided 2,000 jobs. It became part of the St. Petersburg Auto Cluster - a group of enterprises producing cars and auto components in St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region. Other large automobile plants are the bus manufacturer Scania-Peter in St. Petersburg and the Ford-Sollers passenger car plant in Vsevolozhsk (launched in 2002).

In 2011, a plant for the production of domestic YaMZ-530 engines was launched in Yaroslavl, employing 500 people. This plant has no analogues in Russia. In 2012, the largest Tikhvin carriage-building plant in Europe was put into operation, employing 6.5 thousand people. In 2013, one of the world's largest polymer producers, the Tobolsk Polymer Plant, began operations. In the same year, the Serpukhov Elevator Plant with 700 employees opened its doors, and in the Ingush city of Karabulak, the largest flour mill in Russia (1.5 thousand jobs). In 2013, the NLMK-Kaluga metallurgical plant was opened in Vorsino, Kaluga region, with a capacity of 900 thousand tons of steel per year (over 1,200 jobs). In 2015, the Hevel plant, the country’s first manufacturer of solar panels, opened its doors in Novocheboksarsk, Chuvashia.

Increasingly, in the strategic development plans of our country, the government places emphasis on the need to move away from the status of a “raw materials power.” At the same time, the main emphasis is on developing its own processing of raw materials and establishing production, and large industrial centers are attracting increasingly close attention.

We offer Top 10 largest industrial centers in Russia, compiled according to data from the Institute of Territorial Planning "Urbanica".

10. Novokuznetsk

The volume of industrial production is 264 billion rubles.

The city has ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy and coal industry enterprises. Among the owners of leading industrial facilities are Evraz Group, UMMC, Sibuglemet, Rusal.

9. Chelyabinsk

277.3 billion rubles.

The city is a recognized leader in Russia in the field of ferrous metallurgy, high level mechanical engineering and food industry. In Chelyabinsk there are enterprises of Mechel OJSC, the groups Chelyabinsk Pipe Rolling Plant, Cheboksary electromechanical plant", Coca-Cola, State Corporation Russian Technologies.

8. Norilsk

312 billion rubles.

The life of this polar city is built around the activities of the leader in the field of non-ferrous metallurgy, MMC Norilsk Nickel.

7. Ufa

313.6 billion rubles.

Major status industrial center the city received thanks to the development of oil and gas processing, mechanical engineering, food and pharmaceutical industries. The owners of the leading enterprises are JSOC Bashneft, State Corporation Russian Technologies, Wimm-Bill-Dann, Pharmstandard.

6. Perm

331.3 billion rubles.

The city can boast of significant successes in the field of oil and gas refining, mechanical engineering, food and chemical industries. The owners of leading industrial facilities are OJSC Lukoil, State Corporation Russian Technologies and Roscosmos, Nestle, Henkel and others.

5. Omsk

348.4 billion rubles.

The city has large enterprises operating in such industries as oil and gas refining, chemical and food industries, and mechanical engineering. The main industrial facilities are owned by OJSC Gazprom Neft, Unilever, Wimm-Bill-Dann, State Corporation Russian Technologies and Roscosmos.

4. Nizhnevartovsk

481.6 billion rubles.

This is one of the leading Russian centers for oil and gas production and processing. The city has industrial facilities of TNK-BP, Gazprom Neft, Russneft, Slavneft, and SIBUR.

3. Surgut

800.3 billion rubles.

A leader in oil and gas production and refining, the city also has large enterprises operating in the electric power, food processing and R&D sectors. The main industrial facilities are owned by Surgutneftegaz OJSC, OGK-2, OGK-4, SIBUR.

2. St. Petersburg

1282.7 billion rubles.

The northern capital has industrial facilities in the food and chemical industries, mechanical engineering, ferrous metallurgy, construction materials production, and R&D. In the city they have production capacity Philip Morris International Inc., JTI, BAT, Kraft Foods, Procter&Gamble, United Shipbuilding Corporation, Russian Technologies, Toyota, Nissan, GM, HP, Rosatom State Corporation, Intel and many others.

1. Moscow

1895.2 billion rubles.

The capital's largest enterprises operate in such industries as mechanical engineering, food and pharmaceutical industries, oil and gas refining, and R&D. The main industrial facilities are owned by Roscosmos, Rosatom, Russian Technologies, Sukhoi Design Bureau, Renault, United Technologies, Volvo, Wimm-Bill-Dann, United Confectioners, Kraft Foods, Coca-Cola, RusHydro, GlaxoSmithKline.

Ahead of all of Russia is its capital Moscow! The city has many enterprises producing metalworking machines, metallurgical plants, electrical plants, electrical engineering, and electromechanical plants. There are bearing factories, ZIL, a tire factory, textile enterprises, a cotton mill, a tobacco factory, and a sugar refinery. Aircraft manufacturing plants, a space industry plant, house-building factories, several thermal power plants, thermal power plants and Moscow hydroelectric power stations. There are many food industry enterprises in the city: bakeries, oil factories, confectionery factories, a champagne wine factory. Moscow enterprises regularly pay very high wages. In addition to large enterprises, there are many private firms where the “office plankton” is not in poverty.

The capital cities and suburbs are not far behind the capital in terms of salaries: Lyubertsy, Mytishchi, Khimki, Odintsovo. Prosperous Kolomna, Reutov, Zhukovsky, Balashikha, Voskresensk, Yegoryevsk, Orekhovo-Zuevo, Dmitrov, Klin, Serpukhov and Podolsk.

As Kazan news reports, in many villages and cities of the Moscow region private houses are being built, where you can also make good money.

The Tyumen region can give odds to the capital region itself. Salaries in many oil and gas production cities will be higher than in the capital. The work, however, is hard labor in places and the living conditions are very difficult, but if you want to get rich, this is the place for you. Nizhnevartovsk, Noyabrsk, Surgut, Khanty-Mansiysk, Tarko-Sale, Berezovo, Nadym, Korotchaevo, New Urengoy, Urai, Langepas, Labytnangi, Salekhard - this is an incomplete list of cities where they pay very generously. In Tyumen itself, salaries are also not much lower than northern salaries, and there is more oxygen in the air, the climate is more pleasant, and the winters are not so harsh.

St. Petersburg is poorer than the Mother See, but richer than most Russian cities at times! There is a lot of money and high salaries in the city, because many large and small companies are registered and pay taxes in St. Petersburg. The city has the largest Russian Federation port!

Nizhny Novgorod is not far from Moscow, but it is inappropriate to compare it with the capital. However, there are enterprises in the city of the automotive industry, shipbuilding, automobile spare parts, and many commercial firms. In the satellite towns of Bor and Kstovo, life is not boring either. There is work - there is money too. Those who lack something - go to the capital!

Volga region

As in Nizhny Novgorod, life in the Volga region cities is also full. The expression remains in the past: “the starving Volga region.” Samara, Tolyatti, Kazan, Saratov, Engels, Volgograd are rich multifunctional cities.

The Urals have always been famous for their industry. In Yekaterinburg, many factories pay decent money, and many immigrants from depressed areas of Russia work in commercial enterprises. In addition to Yekaterinburg, there are factories in Magnitogorsk, Ufa, Perm, Chelyabinsk, Miass, and Nizhny Tagil. True, the cities there are not for everyone, too industrial with problematic ecology and grayish houses.

Other mineral mining regions

Magadanskaya, Irkutsk region, Krasnoyarsk region- regions with a developed gold mining industry. Oil production enterprises operate on Sakhalin. Many Japanese companies have invested money in oil production and do not spare money on salaries for Russians. In Yakutia, in the city of Mirny, diamonds are mined, salaries there are high, but jobs are limited.

Poor areas

Ingushetia, Buryatia, Tyva, Altai, Pskov, Ivanovo, Kurgan region- these are the regions where salaries are not high and there is no need to go there to earn money.

Before you go somewhere, think everything over carefully, be sure to have a return ticket with an open return date. It is advisable to have photocopies of all identification documents, as well as personal belongings that will be needed for the first time.

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Factories with well-established production are a prime necessity for the success of any company engaged in the production of light industrial goods and even for the well-being of the economy as a whole. Companies can monopolize an entire market by cleverly identifying a sought-after product and building a factory that specializes in mass-producing it.

While a plant is a huge investment with equally extensive maintenance costs, these plants are used for mass production and distribution, keeping final costs to a minimum. These companies not only save money on price, their factories also allow them to create jobs, although not with the highest wages, especially if they are built near cities.

Walmart is the most famous and largest discount store in the United States. The company has a number of huge distribution centers that serve 11,088 stores in their network. Walmart's rival, the well-known Target chain, has four distribution centers for imported goods that supply the entire network required quantity imported goods. Hyundai and Volkswagen have the world's largest automobile factories, through which they maintain their competitiveness in the market by constantly expanding and increasing their production.

These institutions and companies, which have the largest factories in the world, usually also own the most famous and influential brands in the world. Below are fifteen of the most large factories in the world and the brands behind them.

15. NASA Vehicle Assembly Building

The vertical assembly building, located between Miami and Jacksonville, is the largest single-story building in the world.

It was built in 1966 so that it could properly assemble the Saturn V rocket, which was used for the Apollo program. The building covers an area of ​​32,374 square meters and has an impressive volume of 3.66 million cubic meters. The height of the building is 160 meters, and the area it occupies is 3.25 hectares. This assembly building also has some of the most impressive features in the world, setting it apart from other similar buildings. The building contains four 139 meter high doors, which are gigantic by any standards, as well as 71 cranes and over 98,000 tons of steel.

14. Shipyard "Meyer Werft Dockhalle 2"


Meyer Werft is one of the largest shipyards located in Germany.

This company was founded in 1795 and on its territory there is one of the largest shipyards in the world - Dockhalle 2. This shipyard covers an impressive area of ​​63,000 square meters and is mainly used for the construction of cruise ships. This covered dry dock is 504 meters long, 125 meters wide and 75 meters high. Among the ships built at this plant are the following: “Norwegian Star”, “Norwegian Dawn”, “Radiance of the Seas”, “Brilliance of the Seas” ), "AIDAbella" and "Pearl of Norway" (Norwegian Jewel).

13. Aerium


Aerium is a rebuilt factory that was originally supposed to be a boathouse. The Nazis built this huge building in the early years of World War II to develop their military base.

They occupied the building until 1945, when the Red Army captured it. Soviet army increased the runway from 1000 to 25000 meters. This made the building an excellent place to store fighter jets. In 1994, after the reunification of Germany, the group Soviet troops in Germany returned the base to the German government. Two years later, a company called CargoLifter purchased the building to build airships.

Unfortunately, the company went bankrupt after six years. The building was sold to a Malaysian company, which used it to build a tropical theme park.

12. Constellation Bristol


Constellation Bristol is a wine connoisseur's dream, as it is the largest beer and wine storage facility in the world. The storage area is as much as 78,967 square meters. The Bristol Constellation holds an astonishing amount of alcohol, namely 35,961 cubic metres. This is comparable in size to 14 Olympic swimming pools.

There are 57 million bottles of wine in storage, representing approximately 15 percent of the UK's entire wine market. The building took three years and £100 million to construct. The storage facility produces approximately 800 bottles per minute, which is 6,000,000 bottles daily.

11. Tesco Ireland Distribution Center


This distribution center is the largest building in Ireland. It opened in 2007. The area of ​​the center, which stores food and electrical goods, is 80,194 square meters. This building is simply huge. It is almost 805 meters long, meaning it would take the average person about 12 minutes to walk from one end to the other.

The Tesco center also features hundreds of loading ramps and cost €70 million to build.

10. Lauma Fabrics


Lauma Fabriks company specializes in the production of lace and materials for underwear. It also produces elastic bands and fabric. As one of the largest companies in this industry, Lauma Fabrics has one of the largest factories in the world.

The plant is 225 meters long, 505 meters wide and covers an area of ​​115,645 square meters. Construction of the plant began in 1965 in the city of Liepāja in Latvia, at a time when the unemployment rate in the country was quite high. Initially, the plant was called "Ladies' Toiletries Factory", but later, in 1965, the name of the plant changed to "Lauma Fabriks".

9. Jean-Luc Lagardère Plant


The Jean-Luc Lagardère plant is primarily used as a final assembly line for the $428 million production of the 800-seat Airbus A380. The plant is located in Toulouse-Blagnac. The final assembly line is 470 meters long and covers an area of ​​122,500 square meters.

Parts of the Airbus A380 are manufactured in various locations, including Spain, the UK, Germany and France. These parts are then brought to the Jean-Luc Lagardère factory for final assembly. The assembled airbus is being tested at the same plant. With a total area of ​​200 hectares, the plant also includes the company's restaurants, a full-scale Airbus fuel production plant, and 20 hectares of runways.

8. Warehouse for imported goods of the Target network


Target is the second largest chain retail stores reduced prices in the USA, so the company simply needs a huge warehouse for imported goods. Of all the warehouses in the network, Targets Import Warehouse is the largest and occupies a total area of ​​185,800 square meters.

The company built this warehouse to distribute imported goods to its domestic distribution centers. It's understandable why the company needed such a large building for this purpose: the Target chain has 1,934 stores located throughout North America. Stores are constantly in need of new supplies to keep customers happy. In addition to this warehouse, the company has three more, although they are not as huge as this one.

7. Belvidere Assembly Plant


The Belvidere Assembly Plant is located in Illinois, USA. It is owned by Chrysler, which produces such brands as the Jeep Compass, Jeep Patriot and Dodge Dart. The plant also assembled cars that are no longer in production, such as the Dodge Caliber, Chrysler Imperial, Dodge Dynasty, Chrysler New Yorker and Plymouth Neon.

The plant covers an area of ​​330,000 square meters. Its length is 700 meters and its width is 300 meters. It is located on an area of ​​114 hectares. Work force consists mainly of robots, of which there are more than 780 in the body shop alone.

6. Mitsubishi Motors North America building


Founded in 1981, Mitsubishi Motors North America manages the production, sales and development of Mitsubishi vehicles in the United States, Mexico, the West Indies and Canada through a well-established network of more than 700 auto dealers.

To keep up with demand, the company built this huge plant, covering an area of ​​220,000 square meters, which mainly produces Mitsubishi Outlander cars. It also produces other car brands such as Mitsubishi Galant, Eclipse, Eclipse Spyder, Endeavor and Chrysler Sebring. This huge plant is located in Normal, Illinois.

5. Boeing Factory in Everett


Everett, Washington, is home to the world's largest Boeing manufacturing plant. The Boeing plant in Everett occupies an astonishingly huge area of ​​398,000 square meters. The territory related to the plant is 39.7 hectares. This is where the Boeing 747, 767 and 777 are manufactured, and where the recently launched 787 Dreamliner is also assembled.

Construction of the plant began in 1966 after Pan American World Airways placed an order for 25 Boeing 747s at a cost of $525 million. The plant also houses Tully's Cafeteria, a theater and a Boeing store. The company also provides tours of the Future of Flight Aviation Center, as well as Boeing tours.

4. Tesla Factory


Elon Musk's Tesla Company has been on everyone's lips lately. Tesla Motors specializes exclusively in the production of electric cars and components for electric road trains. This extensive automobile production plant is located in Fremont, California and covers an area of ​​510,000 square meters.

The company did not build this plant from scratch. Instead, it purchased a plant previously owned by General Motors and Toyota, known as New United Motor Manufacturing. Tesla Motors reportedly paid $42 million for it and took ownership in 2010. This plant produces electric cars such as the Tesla Model S, Model 3, Model X and Roadster.

3. Aalsmeer Flower Auction Building

The flower auction building in Aalsmeer is not, in fact, an industrial plant, however, it is the largest building in the world in terms of its space. It covers a huge area of ​​518,000 square meters. The building hosts the world's largest flower auction. The length of the building is 740 meters and the width is 700 meters.

In this building, 25 million flowers are sold and bought every day from countries such as Kenya, Colombia, Ethiopia and Ecuador. The building sits on a 98-hectare site and is supposedly the most fragrant building in the world. All flowers are checked for defects before sale. IN holidays sales increase greatly. The peak occurs on International Women's Day and Valentine's Day.

2. Hyundai Motor Company's Ulsan plant


The Hyundai Motor plant in Ulsan covers an area of ​​5,050,000 square meters. This South Korean plant occupies a total area of ​​496 hectares. This area contains five separate factories, which together produce one car every 12 seconds. This is equivalent to 1.53 million cars per year.

This building is so huge that it has its own hospital, fire department, road network and even a sewage treatment plant. Hyundai Motor's Ulsan plant also boasts more than 500,000 trees and its own pier, which can handle three 50,000-ton cargo ships at a time.

1. Volkswagen's Wolfsburg Plant


Over the years, more than 40 million have been produced at the Volkswagen plant in Wolfsburg. This is the largest automobile plant in the world, covering an area of ​​6,500,000 square meters. This impressive factory is so huge that workers are allowed to ride bicycles to get around. Another interesting fact about this plant is that workers can simultaneously work on assembling five cars without any reduction in efficiency or quality of work.

The plant also boasts the largest paint shop in Europe, equipped with last word technology. This is the first paint shop to use environmentally friendly water-based paint.

Moscow- capital of the Russian Federation. City of federal significance. In terms of population, Moscow is largest city not only our country, but also Europe. Among the world's cities in terms of population, the capital ranks 7th. As of 2009 - 10524.5 thousand people.

Moscow is also the political, cultural, economic and scientific center of our country, it is also an important transport hub.

Location of the capital and its surroundings: the junction of the Smolensk-Moscow Upland, the Moskvoretsko-Oka Plain and the Meshcherskaya Lowland.

The territory belonging to the city occupies 1081 km².

Information about the Moscow region: .

The capital is the financial center of our country; half of Russian banks are located in Moscow.

In general, industry occupies a small share in the city's economy, however, Moscow is one of the most developed industrial and production centers in the country. The main types of industry are mechanical engineering, machine tool production, shipbuilding, and instrument making. The developed areas of industrial production in the capital also include the production of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy (non-ferrous rolled products, aluminum alloys, etc.). Developed chemical industry, light and printing industries.

The previous few years have shown an increase in industrial production in the capital, but at the same time there has been a tendency for production to shift outside the city.

It should also be noted that the capital of Russia is also a serious engineering center, where projects for a huge number of our country’s products are created, various studies are carried out, and new manufacturing technologies are developed and mastered.

Defense industry enterprises operate in Moscow.

The largest civilian industries: Moscow Oil Refinery, Avtoframos, Likhachev Plant, Moscow Tire Plant, Trekhgornaya Manufactory, etc.
Up to 30% of retail trade turnover on a nationwide scale is concentrated in Moscow. As for the city budget, according to forecasts for 2012, the budget of the Russian capital will be equal to the budget of New York.