Computer standards. What should an IT specialist's workplace be like?

Programmer's workplace and mutual arrangement all its elements must meet anthropometric, physical and psychological requirements. When organizing a programmer's workplace, the following basic conditions must be met: optimal placement of the equipment included in the workplace and sufficient working space to allow all necessary movements and movements.

Workstations with PCs in relation to lighting projects should be located so that natural light falls from the side, mainly from the left.

The main elements of a programmer's workplace are a table and a chair. The main working position is sitting. This working position causes minimal fatigue for the programmer.

A rational workplace layout provides for a clear order and consistency in the placement of objects, labor tools and documentation. What is required to perform work more often is located within easy reach of the workspace.

For comfortable work, the table must satisfy the following conditions:

• - the height of the table should be chosen taking into account the ability to sit freely, in a comfortable position, leaning on the armrests if necessary;
• - the lower part of the table should be designed so that the programmer can sit comfortably and is not forced to tuck his legs in; the legroom must be at least 600 mm high, at least 500 mm wide, at least 450 mm deep at knee level and at least 650 mm at outstretched leg level;
• - the surface of the table must have properties that prevent the appearance of glare in the programmer’s field of vision;
• - the design of the table must include drawers (at least 3 for storing documentation, listings, office supplies);
• - the height of the working surface is recommended within 680-760 mm. The height of the surface on which the keyboard is installed should be about 650 mm;
• - the size of the working surface of the table for a PC should be considered to be width 800, 1000, 1200 and 1400 mm and depth 800 and 1000 mm with a non-adjustable height of 725 mm.

The width of the tables in the room under consideration is 1000 and 1200 mm with a depth of 800 mm and a height of 725 mm. The tables are not equipped with drawers, which does not meet the described requirements.

Great importance is attached to the characteristics of the programmer's work chair. Thus, the recommended seat height above the floor level is in the range of 420-550 mm. The seat surface is soft, the width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm, the front edge is rounded, and the backrest angle is adjustable.

One of the requirements when selecting chairs to equip programmers’ workstations is not taken into account: the angle of the backrest is not adjustable, the rest comply with the standards.

The position of the monitor screen when working as a programmer is of no small importance. It should also be possible to adjust the screen: height +3 cm; by slope from -10°C to +20°C (relative to the vertical); in left and right directions. The monitors installed at the programmers’ workstations in the premises in question comply with the standards.

Essential for productivity and quality work on a computer have the size of the characters, the density of their placement, the contrast and the ratio of brightness of the characters and the background of the screen. If the distance from the operator’s eyes to the display screen is 60-80 cm, then the height of the sign should be at least 3 mm, the optimal ratio of the width and height of the sign is 3:4, and the distance between the signs is 15-20% of their height. The ratio of screen background brightness to symbols is from 1:2 to 1:15.

When using a computer, it is recommended to install the monitor at a distance of 50-60 cm from the eyes. Experts also believe that top part The video display should be at eye level or slightly below. When a person looks straight ahead, his eyes open wider than when he looks down. Due to this, the viewing area increases significantly, causing dehydration of the eyes. In addition, if the screen is mounted high and the eyes are wide open, the blinking function is impaired. This means that the eyes do not close completely, are not washed with tear fluid, and do not receive sufficient hydration, which leads to rapid fatigue.

Assessing worker exposure to electromagnetic fields.

When using the funds computer technology as a result of the operation of various parts and devices of the computer (power supply, monitor, radio components system unit) electromagnetic fields arise, which can have negative impact on the employee's health. The permissible levels of electromagnetic fields (according to SanPiN 2.2.2/2.4.1340-03) created by PCs are presented in Table No. 2.

Table 2 - Temporary permissible levels of EMF generated by PC

Electromagnetic fields cause polarization of molecules, biological tissue and human systems, their heating, disruption of fluid circulation, and heating of tissues. When exposed to fields with a intensity higher than the maximum permissible level, the functioning of the nervous system, respiratory and digestive organs is disrupted, the biochemical parameters of the blood and the structure of electrical potentials change.

To reduce exposure to electromagnetic radiation, monitors with low level radiation. In order to reduce the low-frequency magnetic field, additional compensation coils are installed in the cathode ray tube, and the CRT is made of special materials. Impact electromagnetic field also weakens a special multi-layer screen that has a conductive layer and a grounded filter.

The premises must have natural and artificial lighting. The location of workstations behind monitors for adult users in basements is not permitted.

Area per one with a computer for adult users should be at least 6 m2, and the volume should be at least -20 m3.

Rooms with computers must be equipped with heating, air conditioning or effective supply and exhaust ventilation systems.

For interior decoration In the interior of rooms with computers, diffusely reflective materials with a reflection coefficient for the ceiling of 0.7-0.8 should be used; for walls - 0.5-0.6; for the floor - 0.3-0.5.

Floor surface in areas where computers are used, it must be level, without potholes, non-slip, easy to clean and wet, and have antistatic properties.

There should be a first aid kit in the room first. medical care, carbon dioxide fire extinguisher for extinguishing fire.

Requirements for microclimate, ionic composition and concentration of harmful chemicals in indoor air

Workplaces of personal computer users must be provided with optimal parameters microclimate in accordance with SanPin 2.2.4.548-96. According to this document, for category 1a of severity of work, the air temperature should be no more than 22-24 o C in the cold period of the year, and 20-25 o C in the warm season. Relative humidity should be 40-60%, air speed

ha - 0.1 m/s. To maintain optimal microclimate values, a heating and air conditioning system is used. To increase indoor air humidity, use humidifiers with distilled or boiled drinking water.

The ionic composition of the air must contain the following number of negative and positive air ions; the minimum required level is 600 and 400 ions per 1 cm 3 of air; the optimal level is 3,000-5,000 and 1,500-3,000 ions per 1 cm 3 of air; the maximum permissible is 50,000 ions per 1 cm 3 of air. To maintain the optimal ionic composition of the air, dust removal and disinfection of indoor air, it is recommended to use devices from the Diod plant of the Ellion series.

Requirements for lighting of premises and workplaces

Computer rooms should have natural and artificial lighting. Natural lighting is provided through window openings with a natural lighting coefficient KEO of no less than 1.2% in areas with stable snow cover and no less than 1.5% in the rest of the territory. The luminous flux from the window opening should fall on workplace operator on the left side.

Artificial lighting in computer operating rooms should be provided by a system of general uniform lighting.

The illumination on the table surface in the area where the document is placed should be 300-500 lux. It is allowed to install local lighting fixtures to illuminate documents. Local lighting should not create glare on the surface of the screen and increase the screen illumination to more than 300 lux. Direct glare from light sources should be limited. The brightness of luminous surfaces (windows, lamps) in the field of view should be no more than 200 cd/m2.

Reflected glare on work surfaces is limited by proper selection of luminaires and the location of workstations in relation to the natural light source. The brightness of glare on the monitor screen should not exceed 40 cd/m2. The glare index for sources of general artificial lighting in premises should be no more than 20, the discomfort index in administrative and public premises should not be more than 40. The brightness ratio between working surfaces should not exceed 3:1 - 5:1, and between working surfaces and wall surfaces and equipment 10:1.

For artificial lighting of rooms with personal computers LPO36 type lamps with mirrored grilles, equipped with high-frequency ballasts, should be used. It is allowed to use luminaires of direct light, mainly reflected light of type LPO13, LPO5, LSO4, LPO34, LPO31 with fluorescent lamps of type LB. It is allowed to use local lighting fixtures with incandescent lamps. Lamps should be located in the form of solid or broken lines on the side of workstations parallel to the user's line of sight for different locations of computers. With a perimeter arrangement, the lines of lamps should be located locally above the desktop closer to its front edge, facing the operator. The protective angle of the lamps must be at least 40 degrees. Local lighting fixtures must have a non-translucent reflector with a protective angle of at least 40 degrees.

To provide standard values illumination in the premises, the glass of window openings and lamps should be cleaned at least twice a year and burnt-out lamps should be replaced in a timely manner.

Requirements for noise and vibration in premises

At the workplaces of personal computer users, they should not exceed the values ​​​​established by SanPiN 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 and amount to no more than 50 dBA. At workplaces in premises housing noisy units, the noise level should not exceed 75 dBA, and the vibration level in the premises is within the permissible values ​​according to SN 2.2.4/2.1.8.566-96 category 3, type “b”.

The noise level in rooms can be reduced by using sound-absorbing materials with maximum sound absorption coefficients in the frequency range 63-8000 Hz for finishing the walls and ceilings of rooms. An additional sound-absorbing effect is created by plain curtains made of thick fabric, hung in a fold at a distance of 15-20 cm from the fence. The width of the curtain should be 2 times more width window.

Requirements for the organization and equipment of workplaces

Workplaces with personal computers in relation to the light openings should be located so that natural light falls from the side, preferably from the left.

Workplace layouts with personal computers, the distances between desktops with monitors must be taken into account: the distance between the side surfaces of the monitors is at least 1.2 m, and the distance between the monitor screen and the back of another monitor is at least 2.0 m.

Desktop can be of any design that meets modern ergonomic requirements and allows for convenient placement of equipment on the work surface, taking into account its quantity, size and nature of the work performed. It is advisable to use tables that have a special work surface separate from the main tabletop for placing the keyboard. Work tables with adjustable and non-adjustable working surface height are used. If there is no adjustment, the table height should be between 680 and 800 mm.

Table working surface depth should be 800 mm (allowed at least 600 mm), width - 1,600 mm and 1,200 mm, respectively. Working surface The table should not have sharp corners or edges, and have a matte or semi-matte finish.

The work desk must have legroom with a height of at least 600 mm, a width of at least 500 mm, a depth at knee level of at least 450 mm and at the level of the outstretched legs of at least 650 mm.

Fast and accurate reading of information is ensured by positioning the screen plane below the user's eye level, preferably perpendicular to the normal line of sight (normal line of sight 15 degrees down from the horizontal).

Keyboard should be located on the table surface at a distance of 100-300 mm from the edge facing the user.

To make it easier to read information from documents, movable stands (lecterns) are used, the dimensions of which in length and width correspond to the dimensions of the documents placed on them. The music rest is placed in the same plane and at the same height as the screen.

To ensure a physiologically rational working posture and create conditions for changing it during the working day, lift-and-swivel work chairs with a seat and backrest that are adjustable in height and tilt angles, as well as the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat, are used.

The design of the chair should ensure:

• the width and depth of the seat surface is at least 400 mm;
• seat surface with rounded front edge;
• adjustment of the height of the seat surface within the range of 400-550 mm and tilt angle forward up to 15 degrees and back up to 5 degrees.;
• the height of the back support surface is 300±20 mm, the width is at least 380 mm and the radius of curvature of the horizontal plane is 400 mm;
• the angle of inclination of the backrest in the vertical plane is within 0±30 degrees;
• adjustment of the distance of the backrest from the front edge of the seat within 260-400 mm;
• stationary or removable armrests with a length of at least 250 mm and a width of 50-70 mm;
• adjustment of the armrests in height above the seat within 230±30 mm and the internal distance between the armrests within 350-500 mm;
• the surface of the seat, back and armrests should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, non-electrifying, airtight coating, easily cleaned from contamination.

The workplace must be equipped with a footrest with a width of at least 300 mm, a depth of at least 400 mm, height adjustment up to 150 mm and an inclination angle of the supporting surface of the stand up to 20 degrees. The surface of the stand should be corrugated and have a rim 10 mm high along the front edge.

Work and rest mode when working with a computer

The work and rest regime provides for compliance with a certain duration of continuous work on a PC and breaks, regulated taking into account the duration of the work shift, types and categories of work activity.

Types of work activities on a PC are divided into 3 groups: group A - work on reading information from the screen with a preliminary request; group B - work on entering information; group B - creative work in dialogue mode with a PC.

If during a work shift the user performs different types work, then his activities are classified as belonging to the group of work on which at least 50% of the work shift time is spent.

Categories of severity and intensity of work on a PC are determined by the level of load during the work shift: for group A - by the total number of characters read; for group B - by the total number of characters read or entered; for group B - based on the total time of direct work on the PC. The table shows the categories of severity and intensity of work depending on the level of load during the work shift.

The number and duration of regulated breaks, their distribution during the work shift is established depending on the category of work on the PC and the duration of the work shift.

At 8 hours work shift and working on a PC, regulated breaks should be set:

• for the first category of work, 2 hours from the start of the shift and 2 hours after a lunch break of 15 minutes each;
• for the second category of work - 2 hours from the start of the work shift and 1.5-2.0 hours after a lunch break lasting 15 minutes each or lasting 10 minutes every hour of work;
• for the third category of work - 1.5-2.0 hours from the start of the work shift and 1.5-2.0 hours after a lunch break lasting 20 minutes each or lasting 15 minutes every hour of work.

With a 12-hour work shift, regulated breaks should be established in the first 8 hours of work similar to breaks during an 8-hour work shift, and during the last 4 hours of work, regardless of the category and type of work, every hour lasting 15 minutes.

The duration of continuous work on a PC without a regulated break should not exceed 2 hours.

When working on a PC during the night shift, the duration of regulated breaks increases by 60 minutes, regardless of the category and type of work activity.

Unregulated breaks (micro-pauses) lasting 1-3 minutes are effective.

It is advisable to use regulated breaks and micro-pauses to perform a set of exercises and gymnastics for the eyes, fingers, as well as massage. It is advisable to change sets of exercises after 2-3 weeks.

PC users who work with high level tension, psychological relief is indicated during regulated breaks and at the end of the working day in specially equipped rooms (psychological relief rooms).

Medical, preventive and health measures. All professional PC users must undergo mandatory preliminary medical examinations upon entry to work, periodic medical examinations with the mandatory participation of a therapist, neurologist and ophthalmologist, as well as general analysis blood and ECG.

Women are not allowed to work on a PC from the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding.

Myopia, farsightedness and other refractive errors must be fully corrected with glasses. For work, glasses must be used that are selected taking into account the working distance from the eyes to the display screen. In case of more serious visual impairments, the question of the possibility of working on a PC is decided by an ophthalmologist.

To relieve fatigue of accommodative muscles and train them, computer programs type Relax.

For those who work intensively, it is advisable to use such the latest tools prevention of vision, such as glasses LPO-trainer and ophthalmic simulators DAK and “Sniper-ultra”.

Leisure is recommended to be used for passive and active rest(gym exercises, swimming, cycling, running, playing tennis, football, skiing, aerobics, walks in the park, forest, excursions, listening to music, etc.). Twice a year (in spring and late autumn) it is recommended to carry out a course of vitamin therapy for a month. You should stop smoking. Smoking should be strictly prohibited in workplaces and in rooms with PCs.

Ensuring electrical and fire safety in the workplace

Electrical safety.

At the user's workplace there is a display, keyboard and system unit. When the display is turned on, a high voltage of several kilovolts is created on the cathode ray tube. Therefore, it is forbidden to touch the back of the display, wipe dust from the computer while it is turned on, or work on the computer in wet clothes and with wet hands.

Before starting work, you should make sure that there are no power cords hanging from the table or hanging under the table, that the plug and power cord are intact, that there is no visible damage to the equipment and work furniture, that the near-screen filter is not damaged and that it is grounded.

Static electricity currents induced during computer operation on the monitor, system unit and keyboard cases can lead to discharges when touching these elements. Such discharges do not pose a danger to humans, but can lead to computer failure. To reduce the magnitude of static electricity currents, neutralizers, local and general air humidification, and the use of floor coverings with antistatic impregnation are used.

Fire safety

Fire safety - the state of an object in which the possibility of a fire is excluded, and in the event of one occurring, the impact on people of its dangerous factors is prevented and the protection of material assets is ensured.

Fire protection is a complex of organizational and technical events, aimed at ensuring the safety of people, preventing fire, limiting its spread, as well as creating conditions for successful fire extinguishing.

Fire safety is ensured by a fire prevention system and a fire protection system. In all office premises There must be a “Plan for evacuation of people in case of fire”, regulating the actions of personnel in the event of a fire and indicating the location of fire equipment.

Fires in CCs pose a particular danger as they are associated with large material losses. Feature

CC - small areas of premises. As is known, a fire can occur due to the interaction of flammable substances, an oxidizer and ignition sources. All three main factors necessary for a fire to occur are present in the premises of a computer center.

The flammable components at the CC are: Construction Materials for acoustic and aesthetic finishing of premises, partitions, doors, floors, punched cards and punched tape, cable insulation, etc.

Ignition sources in the computer center can be electrical circuits from a computer, devices used for Maintenance, power supply, air conditioning devices, where, as a result of various violations, overheated elements, electric sparks and arcs are formed that can cause fires of flammable materials.

Modern computers have a very high density of electronic circuit elements. Connecting wires and cables are located in close proximity to each other. When electric current flows through them, a significant amount of heat is released. In this case, the insulation may melt. Ventilation and air conditioning systems are used to remove excess heat from the computer. When operated continuously, these systems pose an additional fire hazard.

Fire hazard category B is established for most premises of the CC.

One of the most important tasks of fire protection— protection of building premises from destruction and ensuring their sufficient strength under impact conditions high temperatures in case of fire. Taking into account the high cost of the electronic equipment of the computer center, as well as the category of its fire hazard, buildings for the computer center and parts of the building for other purposes in which computers are located must be of the first and second degree of fire resistance. For the manufacture of building structures As a rule, brick, reinforced concrete, glass, metal and other non-combustible materials are used. The use of wood should be limited, and if used, it must be impregnated with fire retardants.

With development computer technology and their availability, computers have become firmly established in our lives. This is an objective fact. Therefore, the question became how to properly organize the lighting of such a workplace in order to minimize Negative influence such work on the human visual system, because no matter how you look at it, you still can’t do without it.

This article will tell you why it is necessary to properly organize the lighting of a computer workstation, especially for schoolchildren, and what to pay attention to first.

Why computer desk lighting is important

People receive almost all information (up to 80%) through vision. Therefore, it is extremely important to protect your eyesight so as not to miss important information. Despite the high efficiency that computers have, prolonged use of them leads to a gradual decrease in visual acuity.

Note! The greatest danger of non-compliance with the rules of working at the computer is on schoolchildren who are not inclined to take into account their health until it fails.

This negative impact can be neutralized to a certain extent by following the rules of work, as well as by properly organizing the lighting at the computer. If this is not done, then in the future it is possible:

• drop in visual acuity;
• eye fatigue;
• itching and dry eyes;
• general irritation;
• a fall general condition health;
• joint pain;
• pathological phenomena in nervous system, which manifest themselves in worsening sleep, the appearance of insomnia, etc.

First of all, you need to start organizing lighting from the room itself. It should have artificial and natural lighting. Moreover, a big role should be given to natural lighting.

Note! Working on computers in basements and semi-basements is not allowed.

Room with computers

These requirements apply to classrooms and offices, and, where possible, to home rooms.
For an adult, the computer workplace should be at least 6 m2, and the volume should be more than 20 m3. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the finishing available in the room in terms of reflectance. Normally it should be:

• applicable to walls - 0.5-0.6;
• applicable to the ceiling - 0.7-0.8;
• applicable to floor - 0.3-0.5.

To create such a reflection coefficient, you need to use diffuse-reflective components.

What lighting options are there?

Lighting of the PC workplace should always be organized using two types of lighting:

• daylight. The best option. This is due to the fact that for our eyes the natural light of our luminary is the most optimal. In order to have enough natural lighting, it is necessary to place the workplace near window openings;

Note! Natural light refers to the light that the sun gives in the morning, afternoon and evening, as well as the luminous flux that reaches the ground through clouds.

Natural computer lighting

• artificial lighting. This type of illumination is organized using a variety of lighting devices. They are used when natural lighting is not enough.

Artificial lighting for a computer desk

The use of artificial lighting for a computer workplace is relevant in the following situations:

• when working at the computer is carried out in the evening and at night;
• when there is not enough natural light. This situation can occur on a cloudy day, during heavy rain etc.;
• during periods when daylight hours are shorter. For example, in winter and autumn months It is necessary to turn on additional lighting much earlier than in spring and summer.

In addition, artificial lighting of the workplace at any computer can be as follows:

• general To create this level of illumination, a ceiling lighting system is used. For example, it can be organized using a central chandelier or spotlights placed around the perimeter of the room;

General table lighting

• working. In this situation, illumination of the workplace is carried out using wall, table or floor lighting devices (sconces, various lamps, floor lamps, etc.).

Working table lighting

Illumination of the desktop when working at a computer is carried out as fully as possible using task lighting. But it is also possible to combine general and local illumination.

What requirements must be observed when organizing computer desk lighting?

There is special documentation that sets out all the standards and norms that should be taken into account when organizing lighting when working at a computer. Such special documentation includes SNiP. All standards here are given in suites.

SNiP standards

According to this documentation, for high-quality illumination of the PC workplace, you should be guided by the following standards:

• natural lighting, or rather its coefficient (KEO) should be no lower than 1.5% - 1.2%;
• the luminous flux of natural lighting should fall on the table on the left;
• artificial lighting should create uniform illumination of the general plan.

In this case, the luminous flux on the desktop should reach 300-500 lux. To achieve such a high indicator, additional placement of table-type lighting fixtures on the table surface is allowed.
According to SNiP, local lighting must meet the following requirements:

• do not produce glare on the plane of the monitor screen;
• give a luminous flux of at least 300 lux;
• limiting direct glare emanating from the light source;
• the brightness of luminous surfaces, which are played by various elements of lighting fixtures, as well as window glass, should not exceed the limit of 200 cd/m2.

Note! Reflected gloss for work surfaces may be limited correct selection table lamps, as well as their optimal location. Moreover, these parameters must be correlated with natural source Sveta.

In addition, there are the following requirements in this matter:

• the brightness of glare appearing on the monitor screen should be below 40 cd/m2;
• glare, which is taken into account for lamps, should not exceed the limit of 20 cd/m2;
• one more important indicator is the degree of discomfort. For administrative and public premises it should be less than 40 cd/m2;
• The brightness between the working surfaces (its ratio) should not be higher than 3:1 - 5:1. In this case, this ratio between the surfaces of equipment and walls and work surfaces should be 10:1.

Guided by all this, it is possible to organize best conditions so that the visual system does not overwork while working on a PC. This will allow the person working with such equipment to preserve their vision and general health at a high level.

What lighting devices can be used

The main aspect in organizing such lighting, after taking into account the requirements given in SNiP, is right choice lamps. After all, it is from them that the quality of the light flux and its positive or harmful effects to the human visual analyzer.
To create high-quality computer lighting during operation, you should use certain lamps that are equipped with special mirrored grilles. Such grilles are available in lighting devices of the LPO36 type.

Lamp type LPO36

Also, such lamps must be equipped with high-frequency ballasts. In this situation, experts recommend using direct light lighting fixtures with a reflective surface. The following types of lamps meet these requirements:

• LPO13;
• LSO4;
• LPO5;
• LPO31;
• LPO34.

All of them must be equipped with LB type fluorescent lamps, which are intended for organizing an indoor lighting system.
In addition to fluorescent light sources, the use of incandescent lamps is also allowed. Today, when the most effective and profitable in many respects are LED light bulbs. They can also be used to illuminate a computer desk.
All local lighting devices must include a non-translucent reflector.

Additional rules for selecting lighting fixtures

In addition to the above-described parameters for choosing lamps, which are based on the requirements of regulatory documentation (SNiP), you can select the most optimal lamps for creating local lighting. But this is far from full list all parameters that the lamp must fulfill. The most important additional requirement that a lamp must fulfill is its small dimensions with high power ratings.

Transformable lamp

It is believed that the best option would be to purchase a multifunctional lamp on a flexible holder. The presence of a transformer function in the lighting fixture will allow you to adjust the height of the light flow or mount it on the corner of the table, where it will not interfere with basic manipulations associated with the computer and office equipment.
It is worth remembering that when choosing a light source, you can be guided not only by the requirements specified in SNiP, but also by your own wishes. This mainly concerns the choice of color temperature.

Color temperature of luminous flux

Some people prefer a cool shade, while others prefer a warm one. If you do not combine your wishes with your existing requirements, then you are unlikely to be able to create high-quality lighting for your PC area so that it ideally meets your personal needs.

How to place lighting fixtures above a table

Above the work surface, lamps should be placed in the form of broken or solid lines. They should be placed to the side and be parallel for vision. You also need to consider the possibility of changing the position of the monitor during its operation.

Lamp placement option

Perimental arrangement of lamps is also allowed. But at the same time, a lighting zone should be created above the surface of the table. Moreover, the light from it should mostly fall on the front edge of the working surface.

Note! It is imperative to observe the protective angle for the lamps. It must be at least 40 degrees.

Remember that no matter how you choose to place the lamps, they should not interfere with your work and should not dazzle you during their operation.

Conclusion

When deciding to properly register a place of work at a PC, you need to take into account many factors and nuances. If you work on a PC all the time, then this task must be approached responsibly. Only in such a situation will the computer desk lighting meet all your wishes, as well as meet the requirements contained in the special documentation.

This and a number of other interesting labor standards for office and other categories of workers are contained in a document entitled “Requirements for working with video display terminals and electronic computers.”

These are Sanitary Standards and Rules approved by Decree of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus No. 59 dated June 28, 2013. The same document approved the Hygienic Standard “Maximum Permissible Levels of Standardized Parameters when Working with Video Display Terminals and Electronic Computers.” The portal observer carefully studied the document.

Pandemonium is canceled

Attempts by some employers to cram their premises with computers to the maximum are contrary to sanitary standards. Area of ​​one workplace for users computer devices, incl. tablets and e-readers, is strictly regulated:

• for users of devices based on a cathode ray tube - at least 6 sq.m;
• for users of devices based on flat discrete screens (liquid crystal, plasma, etc.) - at least 4.5 sq.m.

There may be exceptions. For example, if the monitor is based on a cathode ray tube, then the minimum workplace area can be 4.5 square meters, but only if this computer is used by an adult in an educational institution, there are no peripheral devices - a printer, scanner, etc. ., and the duration of work is no more than 4 hours a day.

Table placement and lighting

Desktops should be placed so that the screens are oriented with their sides facing the light openings. In this case, natural light falls predominantly from the left. The exception is the perimeter arrangement of workplaces.

In rooms for computer operation there must be a system of general uniform lighting. Only where work in progress mainly with documents, a combined option can be used: local lamps are additionally installed in addition to general lighting.

Should be used primarily as light sources for artificial lighting fluorescent lamps type LB and compact fluorescent lamps. And only when installing indirect lighting in production, administrative and public premises is the use of metal halide lamps allowed. In local light, the use of incandescent lamps is allowed, incl. halogen

In premises equipped computer equipment, daily wet cleaning and systematic ventilation should be carried out after each hour of working with these devices.

Arrangement of workplaces

The distance between desktops with video monitors (toward the rear surface of one video monitor and the screen of another video monitor) must be at least 2 m, and the distance between the side surfaces of video monitors must be at least 1.2 m.

When performing creative work that requires significant mental stress or high concentration of attention, employers are recommended to isolate workplaces from each other with partitions 1.5-2 m high.

The video monitor screen should be at a distance of 600-700 mm from the user’s eyes, but not closer than 500 mm, taking into account the size of alphanumeric characters and symbols.

And now - a requirement from the realm of fantasy: “The work chair (chair) must be lift-swivel, adjustable in height and angles of inclination of the seat and back, as well as the distance of the back from the front edge of the seat, while the adjustment of each parameter must be independent and easy to carry out and have reliable fixation" It is unlikely that most employers are willing to fork out for such a luxury. Especially if “the surface of the seat, back and other elements of the work chair (chair) should be semi-soft, with a non-slip, slightly electrified and breathable coating, ensuring easy cleaning from dirt.”

How much to work, when to rest?

Work with video display terminals and electronic computers, in accordance with sanitary standards and rules, is divided into 3 groups:

• group A - work on reading information from the screen with a preliminary request;
• group B - work on entering information;
• group B - creative work in dialogue mode with the device.

For engineers serving the educational process in classrooms with computers, the duration of work should not exceed 6 hours a day.

The duration of the lunch break is determined, firstly, by the current labor legislation, and secondly, by the internal labor regulations of the organization. But to ensure optimal performance and maintain the health of professional users throughout the working day or shift, it is necessary to establish regulated breaks. Their duration depends on the length of the working day, type and category of work activity. But in any case, the duration of continuous work with video display terminals and electronic computers without a regulated break should not exceed two hours! And the duration of the minimum break in an 8-hour working day cannot be less than 15 minutes. More - maybe if the work is hard.

A funny little thing: during breaks, in order to reduce neuro-emotional tension, fatigue of the visual analyzer, eliminate the influence of physical inactivity and hypokinesia, and prevent the development of static fatigue, it is necessary to perform physical training minutes.

By the way, if users experience visual discomfort and other unfavorable subjective sensations, despite compliance with hygienic standards and all other requirements, employers are recommended to use individual approach limiting the time spent working with electronic devices. In particular, adjust the duration of rest breaks or change activities to another that is not related to the use of these devices.

Note to ladies

From the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding, women must limit their time working with computers to 3 hours per working day. At the same time, it is necessary to organize optimal working conditions for her in terms of severity and intensity, microclimate, etc.

If such conditions cannot be ensured due to the characteristics of technological process, then women from the time of pregnancy and during breastfeeding should be transferred to work that does not involve the use of computers and other similar equipment.

Alexander Nesterov

Total computerization of work has led to the emergence of additional criteria for the safety of its conditions. The requirements for organizing a computer workplace cover a variety of aspects:

• dimensions of the room and its layout;
• its illumination;
• microclimate;
• noise and vibration.

A special regime of work and rest is established for those working at a PC, in particular, additional breaks.

Requirements for rooms in which computers are installed

They are regulated by the Decree of the Chief State sanitary doctor RF dated 06/03/2003 No. 118 (you can download the document below). Section III states the following:

1. The area of ​​the office with a PC should be determined at the rate of 4.5 m² for each equipped workstation. Before the proliferation of LCD monitors, this figure was higher - 6 m².
2. The windows in it should face north or northeast.
3. There must be grounding in the room.

Requirements for the placement of desktops equipped with computers are set out in Section IX of the Regulation. If monitors are located behind each other, there must be at least two meters between them. If the equipment is in a row, then 1.2 meters.

The place of work of a creative worker can be isolated with partitions. Their permissible height is 1.5-2 m.

The workplace should be planned so that the distance between the employee’s face and the screen is 60-70 cm.

Lighting requirements for workstations with computers

1. Natural light should fall on the table from the left. To do this, the PC should be placed sideways to the window.
2. Artificial lighting should be uniform, preferably combined.
3. The location of all devices must be glare-free.
4. The optimal brightness ratio between work surfaces is 3:1-5:1, and between them and walls - 10:1.
5. The maximum permissible brightness ripple factor is 5%.

Fulfillment of other conditions requires the involvement of a lighting specialist.

Other criteria

What are the requirements for noise in PC rooms? The same as without them. The presence of a PC does not affect the standards in any way. If they are disturbed by individual devices (for example, a printer), it is better to move it to the utility room.

To maintain a suitable microclimate, you need to wet clean the office with computer equipment at least once a day. It needs to be ventilated every hour. Ventilation should be provided in accordance with standard sanitary standards.

Room requirements for a home computer

In organizations, all of the above can be checked by Rospotrebnadzor. The home environment is outside its scope, even if the person works from home. Therefore, responsibility for the health of family members falls on the owner of the house.

According to TOI instructions R-45-084-01, the normal table height for an adult is 72.5 cm. If children and teenagers work at a PC, it is worth considering the possibility of adjusting the tabletop. The same goes for the chair.

It is advisable to comply with the conditions that are created in organizations. And one more tip - do not place monitors opposite each other in order to save space.