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Planar 14ts 10 installation description. Engine preheater

Starting heater Teplostar 14t-10 makes it easier to start the engine, increase the resource of the power plant and significantly increase the comfort of operation in the winter. This model is the most common in Russia. This is due to the fact that Teplostar 14ts-10 is supplied to the conveyor of large enterprises, such as the auto giant OJSC KamAZ. During its existence, Teplostar 14ts-10 has undergone many changes aimed at improving and improving the quality of the heater.

The complete set of heater features includes the following functions:

Ensuring reliable engine start at low air temperatures down to -45 o C;
Additional heating of the engine and passenger compartment with the engine running in severe frosts;
Heated passenger compartment and windshield (to remove icing) when the engine is not running;
Possibility to start pre-heater in manual mode for 3 or 8 hours;
Timer - optional, remote timer required.

Equipment Teplostar 14TS-10:

Heater, fuel pump, control panel, mounting kit, wiring harnesses, electric circulation pump, fuel tank 13l.

Operating principle Teplostar 14TC-10

The principle of operation of the Teplostar heater is based on the heating of the liquid, which is forcibly pumped through the heat exchange system of the heater. To heat the liquid, the products of combustion of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber are used as a heat source. Heat through the walls of the heat exchanger is transferred to the coolant, which is pumped through the cooling system of the car engine.

PZhD 14TS-10 is a device designed for pre-start heating of a diesel engine. The device is distinguished by a liquid cooling system, it functions perfectly even in conditions of negative temperature.

A little more about PZhD 14TS-10

The presented preheater guarantees warming up of the engine due to the presence of a liquid cooling system. The device must be mounted in the cooling system itself, but the heating occurs due to the combustion of the air-fuel mixture, which is located in the heat exchanger. The fluid is circulated by its own pump. The power source is the electrical network of the vehicle, and fuel is supplied directly from the combustible system of the vehicle or from a personal tank (if available).

How does this system work?

The main task of the device is to warm up the cooled motor before the trip. The principle of operation of PZhD 14TS-10 is based on heating the liquid in the engine cooling system. The fuel mixture begins to burn, and at the same time, heat is released in a special chamber. This heat is transferred through the walls of the heat exchanger, the coolant is heated and begins to circulate in the vehicle's cooling system. At the same time, PZD 14TS-10 can function perfectly in pre-launch or economy mode, but it is worth considering that in the second case, power consumption drops noticeably.

According to the presented program, the initial purge of the combustion chamber is carried out, the glow plug is heated to the required temperature indicators. The candle at the same time turns on for about 90 seconds, after which air and fuel are supplied. This is how the combustion process in the chamber begins, and a special flame indicator controls everything. The activity of the heater itself is controlled directly from the control unit.

The control unit PZD "Teplostar" 14TC-10 coordinates the temperature regime of the cooling mixture. Depending on the temperature indicators, the mode of the device itself is selected: "Full", "Medium" and "Small".

What can be said about the modes of the apparatus?

They are the following:

"Full". According to the "Prestart" program, the cooling mixture begins to warm up to a mark of 70 ° C. The "Economic" program assumes heating to 55 ° C.
"Average". In this mode, the coolant heats up either above 70 o C or above 55 o C. Usually this figure fluctuates around 75 o C.
"Small". The coolant should warm up to more than 75 ° C (usually 80 ° C).

If the mixture heats up more than up to 80 ° C, then the cooling mode is activated and the combustion processes completely stop, while the pump works fully and the vehicle interior is normally heated. As soon as the liquid is cooled to 55 ° C according to the “Prestart” program, the “Full” mode is activated, and if the cooling is carried out according to the “Economic” program, the “Medium” mode is activated.

If we talk about time, then a long full-fledged cycle of operation of the device in the "Prestart" program is 3 hours, and in the "Economic" program - 8 hours. You can turn off the device at any time.

Where is this device used?

The scope is very extensive. The device is mounted in the following types of vehicles:

vans;
buses;
special equipment;
freight transport.

Heater data

Characteristics of PZD "Teplostar" 14TS-10 are presented in the table below.

device	Modes
device	Full	Average	Small
Heat output, kW	15	9	4
Fuel consumption, l/h	2	1,2	0,54
Power consumption, W	132	101	77
Fuel type	Diesel
Rated voltage, V	12, 24
coolant	Tosol, antifreeze
Start, stop mode	Manual, automatic
Weight, kg	10

What can be said about the control unit of the device?

The control unit guarantees the control of the device together with the control panel. The block executes the following options:

Initial diagnosis. The device and all its components are checked for malfunctions at startup.
Diagnostics of all processes directly during operation.
Launching and automatic operation of the device in the "Economic" or "Prestart" programs. There is a transition to the above modes depending on the temperature indicators.
Turning off the device itself at the end of the set cycle due to the loss of the functional ability of one of the nodes, when one of the parameters goes beyond the allowable limits, when the flame is blown out in the chamber.

What does the control panel do?

It is designed to be used in the structure of the heater as a device that guarantees manual control of the device. The main task is to start and stop the heater in manual mode, set the duration of the program, control the fan in the heating structure of the cabin, and demonstrate the state of the heater.

How does the control panel work?

For PZhD 14TS-10, the instructions are simple, all manipulations are carried out through the control panel. On the front side there are two key switches, an LED and a thermostat knob. Switches are intended for the following commands:

start-up (translated to the “|” position) and shutdown (position “O”).
selection of the operating mode: "Prestart" and "Economical", respectively.

The switch knob controls the heater fan in the passenger compartment, while the temperature of the cooling mixture must be greater than 55 ° C, and the heater switch must be in the "OFF" position. Management is carried out as follows:

If the thermostat knob is moved to the extreme left position, the fan will stop functioning.
If the handle is moved to the right position, then the fan will operate continuously.
If you set the knob to the middle, then the fan will begin to function cyclically. The duration of one cycle is 10 minutes.

Let's take a small example. The fan knob is set to the position where the fan will run for 4 minutes. Then after 6 minutes it will restart and work again for 4 minutes, and so on. So it will function until the position of the handle changes, or until the heater is turned off. Each knob change causes the fan to turn on and off in the interval from 2 to 8 minutes.

The LED indicates directly the state of the heater:

If it just glows, then everything is in order and the device is working;
If flashing occurs, there is a problem.
Not lit - the heater is not working.

To turn on the heater again after an automatic stop, you will need to turn the first switch to the “O” position, wait about 10 seconds and turn it on again.

What malfunctions does the LED indicate?

It is very convenient that there is an explanation for the PZD 14TS-10 error codes. The motorist does not need to rack his brains, thinking what is wrong in the system. Just watch the LED and count the number of blinks. You can make a note for yourself, where all the errors of the PZhD 14TS-10 are explained, and leave it in the car so that it is always at hand. Below is a detailed breakdown of typical faults and a brief description of how they can be corrected.

Error codes PZhD 14TS-10
Number of blinks	Description of the problem	Troubleshooting
	The heat exchanger overheats, the system recognizes a large temperature difference, which is measured by the overheating sensor and the temperature sensor	An overheating sensor or a temperature sensor shows temperature readings of more than 102 ° C. What should I do? You will need to check the functionality of the circulation pump, as well as the liquid circuit. If there is a temperature difference of more than 20 (for example, the temperature from the overheat sensor is more than 85 ° C, and from the temperature sensor - more than 75 ° C). In such situations, it is recommended to recheck the sensors, if necessary, replace them.
	Launch attempts have been exhausted.	If the allowed number of switching attempts has been exhausted, it will be necessary to check the volumes of fuel and its supply system. It is recommended to check the air supply system for fuel combustion, as well as the gas outlet pipeline.
	Flame interruption observed	Recheck fuel volumes and fuel supply system. It is recommended to inspect the air supply system for fuel combustion. If the heater turns on, then it will be necessary to check the flame indicator, and in case of a malfunction, replace it. There may also be clogging in the fuel filter, it is recommended to inspect it.
	Malfunction in the glow plug, there may be a breakdown in the air blower motor	It is required to check the performance of the glow plug: if it is broken, then a replacement is necessary. It is recommended to check the wiring of the blower motor. If it is broken, it needs to be replaced.
	Malfunction in the flame indicator	It is required to inspect the wiring, check the resistance between the contacts of the indicator connector. If the indicator is above 90 ohms, you have a break. If the indicator is less than 10 ohms, there is a short circuit. One way or another, the flame indicator will need to be changed.
	Damaged overheating sensor, temperature sensor	Connecting wires need to be inspected. The output signal and voltages are linearly dependent on temperature. 0 ° C is 2.73 V, with an increase in temperature by one degree, the output signal will increase by 10mV. You will need to check the sensors and, most likely, they need to be replaced.
	Malfunction in the circulation pump	Inspect the circulation pump circuits, check for short circuits, inspect the pump itself, and replace if broken. There should not be an open circuit in electrical circuits, if this is observed, change them. If a short circuit is found, then eliminate it, the relay will need to be replaced if necessary.
	There is no communication between the control unit and the remote control	Inspect all connecting wires and connectors.
	Overvoltage, shutdown. Maybe, on the contrary, low voltage, shutdown.	Inspect the battery, wiring and voltage regulator. The input voltage must be no higher than 30.8 V and no lower than 20 V.
	Exceeded ventilation time.	The heater has not cooled down enough in the allotted purge time. It will be necessary to recheck the air supply system for fuel combustion. Also check the flame indicator and change if necessary.

As you can see, the error codes for the PZD "Teplostar" 14TS-10 are different, it will be difficult to remember everything, so you can make a note or printout for yourself with all the explanations.

What are the reviews about the device?

Diesel pre-heater 14TC-10-GP (hereinafter referred to as the heater) is designed for pre-start heating of a diesel engine of a car with a liquid cooling system at an ambient temperature of up to minus 45 ° C.
The complete set of heater features includes the following functions.
1. Ensuring reliable engine start at low air temperatures.
2. Additional heating of the engine and passenger compartment with the engine running in severe frosts.
3. Heated passenger compartment and windshield (to remove icing) when the engine is not running.
4. Possibility to start the starting preheater in manual mode for 3 or 8 hours of operation.

Main parameters and characteristics

The main technical characteristics of the heater are given with a tolerance of 10%, obtained at a nominal supply voltage of 24 V and a temperature of 20 °C.

Main technical characteristics of the heater

Heating capacity	on mode full	on mode small
	1,5	4
Rated supply voltage, V	24
Fuel consumption, l/h	on mode full	on mode small
	2,0	0,54
Heater power consumption, W, no more	on mode full	on mode small
	132	77
Applied fuel	diesel fuel depending on the ambient temperature
Duration of one working cycle, hours, not less	3 or 8
Start mode	manual

Safety

1. The heater may only be used for the purposes specified in this instruction manual.
2. A car equipped with a heater must have a fire extinguisher.
3. The heater must not be used in places where flammable vapors and gases or a large amount of dust can form and accumulate.
4. It is forbidden to operate the heater in closed unventilated areas.
5. When refueling the vehicle, the heater must be turned off.
6. If malfunctions occur in the operation of the heater, it is necessary to contact specialized repair organizations authorized by the manufacturer.
7. When carrying out electric welding work on the car or repair work on the heater, it is necessary to disconnect it from the battery.
8. When installing and dismantling the heater, the safety measures provided for by the rules for working with the electrical network, fuel and liquid systems of the car must be observed.
9. It is forbidden to connect the heater to the electrical circuit of the car when the engine is running and there is no battery.
10. Before the first start-up or a long break in operation, fill the fuel supply system of the heater with fuel.
11. It is forbidden to turn off the email. power supply to the heater until the end of the purge cycle.
12. The heater must be supplied with electricity from the storage battery, regardless of the weight of the vehicle.
13. Do not connect or disconnect the heater connector while the heater is powered on.
14. After the heater is turned off, it must be turned on again no earlier than in 5-10 seconds.
15. In case of non-compliance with the above requirements, the consumer loses the right to warranty service of the heater.
16. For the sake of safe operation of the heater, after two consecutive unsuccessful starts, it is necessary to contact the service department to identify and eliminate the malfunction.

Description of the device and operation of the heater

The heater operates independently of the car engine. The heater is powered by fuel and electricity from the vehicle. The electrical connection diagram of the heater is shown in Figure 1.

The heater is a self-contained heating device that contains:

heater (the main components of the heater are shown in Figure 2);
a fuel pump for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber;
circulation pump (pump) for forced pumping of the working fluid of the cooling system (antifreeze) through the heat exchange system of the heater;
a control unit that controls the above devices;
Remote Control;
wiring harnesses for connecting the elements of the heater and with the car battery.

The heater, with its hydraulic circuit, is integrated into the engine cooling system in such a way that its pump ensures the circulation of the coolant in the engine and heater.
The principle of operation of the heater is based on heating the liquid in the engine cooling system.
To heat up the liquid, the products of combustion of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber are used as a heat source. Heat through the walls of the heat exchanger is transferred to the coolant, which is pumped through the cooling system of the car engine.

When the heater is turned on, testing and monitoring of the performance of the elements of the heater is carried out: a flame indicator, temperature and overheat sensors, a pump, an electric motor of an air blower, a candle, a fuel pump and their electrical circuits. In good condition, the ignition process begins. At the same time, the circulation pump (pump) is turned on.
The heater can work according to one of two programs: "economical" or "prestart".
The economy program features less power consumption.
According to a given program, the combustion chamber is pre-purged and the glow plug is heated. Then fuel and air are supplied. The combustion process begins in the combustion chamber. Combustion control is carried out by a flame indicator. All processes during the operation of the heater are controlled by the control unit.

The control unit monitors the temperature of the coolant and, depending on its value, sets the heater operation modes: "full", "medium" or "small".
When the liquid is heated above 80 °C, the heater switches to the "cooling" mode. At the same time, the combustion process stops, the pump continues to work and the car interior is heated.
When the liquid is cooled below 55 °C, the heater is automatically switched on.
The duration of the full cycle of work according to the "pre-launch" program is 3 hours, according to the "economical" program - 8 hours and depends on the position of the switch on the control panel. In addition, it is possible to turn off the heater at any time during the cycle.
When the heater is turned off manually or automatically after the set operating time has elapsed, the fuel supply is stopped and the combustion chamber is purged with air.

Features of automatic control of the heater in emergency and emergency situations:
1) if for some reason the heater did not start, the start process will be automatically repeated. After 2 unsuccessful attempts, the heater is turned off;
2) if the combustion stops during the operation of the heater, the heater will turn off;
3) when the heater overheats (for example, due to a violation of the circulation of the coolant, air locks, etc.), it is automatically turned off;
4) when the voltage drops below 20 V or rises above 30 V, the heater is switched off;
5) when the heater is turned off in an emergency, the LED on the control panel starts flashing.
The number of flashes after a pause indicates the type of fault. An explanation of the type of malfunction is given in section 8 of this manual.

Note. Heating of the vehicle cabin is possible only when the passenger compartment heater valve is open and the vehicle mass breaker is closed.

Rice. 1 - Wiring diagram
1 - View of the blocks is shown from the side of the connecting part (not from the side of the wire); 2* - color of the label on the wires of the sensors, the flame indicator and the air blower

Rice. 2 - The main components of the heater

Remote Control

The control panel is designed for:

starting and stopping the heater in manual mode;
operating mode selection;
cabin heater fan control;
displaying the status of the heater (working, not working or not working due to a malfunction).

The device of the control panel and work with it

On the front panel of the control panel there are: two key switches (pos. 1 and 2), LED (pos. 3), knob (potentiometer) (pos. 4) see fig. 3.

Rice. 3 - Remote control front panel

The switches are designed to execute the following commands:

switch (pos.1) is used to start (position "I") and stop the heater (position "O");
switch (pos.2) is used to select the operating mode:

a) the pre-start mode is designed to warm up and keep the engine warm for 3 hours;
b) economy mode is designed to keep the engine and driver's cab warm when the engine is not running; The maximum operating time in this mode is 8 hours.
The switch positions are indicated respectively by the numbers "3" and "8".

The potentiometer knob (pos. 4) is used to control the cab heater fan (provided that the coolant temperature is more than 55 ° C, and the passenger compartment heater switch on the panel in the cab is in the “OFF” position and the vehicle ground is turned on) as follows:
a) when the potentiometer knob is set to the extreme left position, the cabin heater fan will be turned off;
b) when the potentiometer knob is set to the extreme right position, the cabin heater fan will operate continuously;
c) when the potentiometer knob is set between the extreme positions, the fan will turn on cyclically. The duration of the cycle is 10 minutes.
For example, if the knob is set in such a position that the heater fan runs for 4 minutes, then only after 6 minutes it will turn on again for 4 minutes, etc. Thus, it will work until the potentiometer knob is changed or the heater is turned off. After each change in the position of the potentiometer knob (between the extreme positions), the next activation of the cabin heater fan will occur in the interval from 2 to 8 minutes.

LED (pos.3) indicates the status of the heater:

glows - when the heater is working;
blinking - in case of malfunction (accident). The number of blinks after a pause corresponds to the fault code (see table 2).
does not glow - when the heater is not working.

Attention!
1. To re-enable the heater after its automatic stop, the switch pos.
2. Potentiometer knob pos. 4 may not be used on KAMAZ Euro-3.4 vehicles. The automaker reserves the right not to enable this option.

Faults

Faults that can be repaired on your own.

The heater does not start after being turned on, the LED on the remote control does not light up. In this case, it is necessary:
1. Check the presence of fuel in the tank;
2. Check for voltage at connector XS1 (Fig. 1).
3. Check the 25A fuse located in the control unit (Fig. 1), replace if necessary.

All other malfunctions of the heater that have occurred are automatically indicated by flashing the LED on the remote control.
Typical malfunctions of the heater and the procedure for their elimination, see section 7.
In case of malfunctions that have arisen during operation, the elimination of which requires partial disassembly of the heater, it is necessary to contact the repair shop.

Malfunctions of elements of the heater control system

Troubleshooting must begin with checking the contacts of the connectors of the tested circuits (see the wiring diagram in Fig. 1).
All other heater malfunctions that have occurred are listed below.

LED does not light up

Fault: The heater does not start.

Debugg:

Check 25A fuse, replace if necessary.
Check control panel, replace if necessary.
Check wiring.
Check the connectors, if necessary, remove oxidation from the contacts of the connectors.

Number of LED flashes: 1

Fault: Overheat

Debugg: The overheat sensor or temperature sensor gives a temperature higher than 102 °C. Check the complete liquid circuit and the operation of the circulation pump.

Fault: Possible overheating detected.
The temperature difference measured by the overheating sensor and the temperature sensor is too large.

Debugg: The difference between the temperature values measured by the overheating sensor and the temperature sensor is more than 20 °C (the temperature value from the overheating sensor is more than 85 °C or the temperature sensor is more than 70 °C). Check overheating sensor and temperature sensor and replace if necessary.
Check the operation of the circulation pump.

Number of LED flashes: 2

Fault: Launch attempts exhausted

Debugg: If the allowed number of start attempts has been used, check the amount and supply of fuel. Check the combustion air supply system and flue gas pipeline.

Number of LED flashes: 3

Fault: Flame interruption

Debugg: Check the amount and supply of fuel. Check the combustion air supply system and flue gas pipeline.
If the heater starts, check the flame indicator and replace if necessary. Check fuel fine filter for clogging.

Number of LED flashes: 4

Fault: Glow plug failure

Debugg: Check glow plug, replace if necessary.

Fault: Air blower motor failure

Debugg: Check wiring of blower motor, replace blower if necessary.

Number of LED flashes: 5

Fault: Flame indicator failure.

Debugg: Check connecting wires. Check the ohmic resistance between the indicator contacts, which should be no more than 1 ohm.

Number of LED flashes: 6

Fault:

Overheating sensor malfunction
Temperature sensor malfunction

Debugg: Check connecting wires. The output signal and voltage are linearly related to temperature (0 °C corresponds to 2.73 V and each temperature increase by 1 °C increases the output signal by 10 mV). Check sensor and replace if necessary.

Number of LED flashes: 7

Fault: Circulation pump malfunction

Debugg: Check the electrical wiring of the circulation pump for a short circuit, check the circulation pump and replace if necessary.

Fault: Fuel pump malfunction.

Debugg: Check the fuel pump wiring for a short circuit, test the fuel pump for performance and replace if necessary.

Number of LED flashes: 9

Fault: Shutdown, overvoltage

Debugg: Check the battery, regulator and supply wiring. The voltage between pins 4 and 7 of connector XS1 must not exceed 30 V.

Fault: Shutdown, undervoltage/

Debugg: Check the battery, regulator and supply wiring. The voltage between pins 4 and 7 of connector XS1 must be at least 20 V

Number of LED flashes: 10

Fault: Exceeded ventilation time

Debugg: The pre-heater has not cooled down sufficiently during the purge time. Check the combustion air supply system and the exhaust pipe. Check the flame indicator and replace if necessary.

Maintenance

Maintenance (TO) of the heater includes the following types:

periodic maintenance;
seasonal (when transferring automatic telephone exchanges to winter operation).

Periodic maintenance of the heater must be performed during the heating season or for preventive maintenance (during the warm season).
Seasonal maintenance is performed before the start of the heating season.
During seasonal maintenance of the heater, check its technical condition in accordance with the information below.

electrical equipment
Checking the reliability of fastening the electrical contacts of the heater devices. If there is dirt or oil on the contacts, remove it with clean suede soaked in gasoline. If a burn is found on the working surface of the contacts, clean them with fine glass sand No. 150 GOST 6456-82 and wipe with gasoline.

visual inspection.

Gasoline, white spirit

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

air intake
Remove the air intake, wash in gasoline and blow the mesh with compressed air.

Technical requirements for the object: visual inspection.

Devices, materials, tools: petrol, white spirit (acetone)

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

Candle

remove the air intake, the rubber cap covering the candle, disconnect the appropriate wires, unscrew the candle and remove carbon deposits from it.
check the rubber cap covering the spark plug for mechanical damage. Replace if damaged.

Technical requirements for the object: visual inspection.

Devices, materials, tools: wrench S=17, clean rags, petrol, white spirit (acetone), screwdriver

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

The combustion chamber
Cleaning the hole ∅ 1.5 mm for air supply to the nozzle.

Technical requirements for the object: visual inspection.

Devices, materials, tools: wrench S=17, wrench

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

Fuel pump
Prevention of the formation of viscous film deposits on the moving parts of the fuel pump.

Technical requirements for the object: heater start.

Maintenance type:

Monthly
seasonal

Fuel system
Check the tightness of the fuel lines, if necessary, tighten the clamp connections.

Technical requirements for the object: visual inspection.

Devices, materials, tools: o screwdriver

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

Fluid system
Cleaning the heat exchanger

Technical requirements for the object: visual inspection.

Devices, materials, tools: screwdriver, brush, e container for antifreeze

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

Check the tightness of the liquid system, if necessary, tighten the clamp connections.

Technical requirements for the object: visual inspection.

Devices, materials, tools: screwdriver.

Maintenance type:

Periodic (every 1000 h)
seasonal

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Liquid pre-start diesel heater 14TC-10 is designed to warm up an engine with an antifreeze-based cooling system before its direct start at an air temperature of 0° to -45°C. It works autonomously, powered by electricity from the car itself. It can also operate on diesel fuel, taking it from the tank or from an additional container, which is included in the PZD kit.

Technical features of the device

Since modification 14 TS 10 has practically no structural differences from other preheaters, its technological characteristics also have static indicators. Thermal conductivity is equal to the following parameters:

maximum mode - 15.5 kW;
medium - 9 kW;
minimum - 4 kW.

These indicators are achieved with fuel consumption from 0.5 to 2 liters. The device PZhD 14TS 10 from 24V operates on diesel fuel corresponding to GOST 305. Antifreeze or antifreeze, which is used in the cooling system, can be used as a coolant. With regard to power consumption, the following indicators should not be exceeded:

full mode - 132 W;
medium - 101 W;
minimum - 77 W;
in the process of cooling - 47 watts.

One working cycle lasts 3-8 hours in manual start mode.

Complete set and principle of operation

The diesel preheater 14TC 10 is a stand-alone equipment, therefore it functions independently of the main engine of the car. Power is supplied directly from the vehicle.

The package includes the following items:

PZhD engine;
fuel butt for pumping the fuel mixture into the combustion chamber;
a circulation pump, which by force pumps antifreeze or antifreeze through the cooling system and heat exchanger;
control board for setting up the functioning of all of the above parts;
Remote Control;
clamps and harnesses.

The principle of operation is to heat the tholos, which, under the influence of the pump, circulates through the heat exchange part of the heater. To heat the liquid in the device, gases from the combustion of fuel in a thermal chamber are used. Thermal energy through the walls of the heat exchanger enters the coolant passing through the cooling system PZhD 14.

At the time of starting the engine preheater, testing and control of all the functioning processes of the constituent elements are carried out:

fire indicator;
temperature controller;
water pump;
electronic motor for air heater;
fuel pump;
spark plugs and wiring.

When connected correctly, ignition occurs during start-up, at the same time the circulation pump is activated. The electrical circuit provides 2 main modes of operation:

prelaunch;
economical.

According to the selected program, a certain amount of fuel is taken from the tank, then the combustion chamber is purged and heated to a predetermined value. The duration of the full cycle of operation in the economy mode is 8 hours, according to the pre-launch program - 3 hours. The owner has the opportunity to stop the operation of the device at any convenient time. If you turn off the device yourself or after a predetermined period of time, the fuel supply valve closes and the combustion chamber is purged with clean air.

emergency situations

If the preheater malfunctions or an error is detected, the device switches off automatically. For example, a work stop may be under the following circumstances:

the engine does not turn on - a repeated starting process takes place, after two attempts the pre-heater completely stops functioning;
the flame is extinguished - instant shutdown of the device;
overheating due to an air lock or malfunction of the coolant;
the voltage level dropped below 20 V or rose to 30 V.

Regardless of the reason, in case of an unexpected emergency shutdown of the device, the indicator on the control panel will be highlighted. The frequency of the signal is fully consistent with the type of breakdown. Fault codes can be deciphered using the instruction manual.

VIDEO: How a pre-start liquid engine heater works

Common breakdowns and troubleshooting methods

If the device does not start or any spare part does not work, first of all, you need to pay attention to the contacts and connectors of the electrical circuits.

It should be noted that most faults that require repair are displayed as error codes. Each code has an individual decoding, which is indicated in the instruction manual. Also, with the help of these signals, you can try to fix the problem yourself using the recommendations of specialists.

The preheater does not turn on - the LED indicator does not light up

It is likely that the preheater has problems with the operation of the 25A fuse. Also, the cause of the malfunction may be a breakdown of the control panel, a violation of the electrical circuit, damage to the connectors, or oxidation of the contacts.

The system has overheated - the indicator blinks 1 time

The device detected a large difference between the overheat controllers and temperature sensors. Also, a temperature monitoring device can give an indicator exceeding 102 ° C. In this case, it is required to check the integrity of the liquid circuit and the functioning of the circulation pump.

There is not a small probability of failure of control devices.

Exhausted number of start attempts - 2 indicator signals

If the launches were carried out based on the instructions in the operating instructions, it is required to check the presence of the fuel mixture in the tank and the supply system. Such malfunctions may be the result of a breakdown in the air supply device, the branch pipe that exhausts the gas.

Break of fire - 3 flashes of the diode

Regardless of the modification, whether it is Binar 12 V GP from the Teplostar manufacturer, you will need to check the amount of fuel or replace it if a low-quality product was used. The fire indicator may also be broken and the fuel filter may be clogged.

Faulty engine or glow plugs - LED turns on 4 times

It is necessary to inspect the glow plug for serviceability, if necessary, install a new one. Checking the electrical wiring of the air heater motor is also required.

Broken fire indicator - 5 light bulbs

It is necessary to inspect the electrical wires for integrity. It will also not be superfluous to check the ohmic resistance between the indicator connectors. If the open is greater than 90 ohms, the fire controller will need to be replaced. The same actions are carried out upon detection of an ohmic short circuit resistance of less than 10 ohms.

The device that monitors the level of overheating or the temperature sensor has broken down - 6 consecutive diode fires

The output signal flow of electrical voltage settles in a linear relationship. In the starting heater, it is necessary to check the sensor for operability and, if a malfunction is detected, replace it.

The liquid or fuel pump is out of order - 7 light bulbs

It is necessary to inspect the electronic wires of the fuel and fluid pump, a short circuit may have occurred.

There is no communication between the remote control and the control unit - 8 signals

You should check (ring with an indicator screwdriver) the connecting wires and all connectors.

The device was urgently turned off due to increased or decreased electrical voltage - 9 signals

In this case, it is required to check the functioning of the battery, thermostat, electrical circuit. In normal condition and proper installation in a KAMAZ or bus car, between contacts XS1 4 and 7 there should be no more than 30 V and no less than 20 V.

The time interval intended for ventilation is exceeded - 10 flashes of the diode

The starting preheater did not have time to cool down completely within the specified blowing time. Inspect the fire controller, oxygen supply device for gas removal and combustion.

Cost and warranty

On average, the price of the device is 26,000 - 28,000 rubles, the cost of installation depends on the individual conditions of the service center, but often does not exceed 13,000 rubles.

The operating period is valid for 18 months from the date of purchase. Also, this parameter can be measured by mileage - 45,000 km.

Safety

The installation of a liquid diesel engine heater is carried out by a specialized organization that issues a guarantee for connection.
The main purpose of the equipment is pre-start heating of the engine before its immediate start.
It is strictly forbidden to place the fuel line inside the passenger compartment or the driver's cab.
The car must have a serviceable filled fire extinguisher and a first aid kit.
Turn on the equipment in an open area or in a well-ventilated area. It is forbidden to operate in the presence of exhaust gases or in dusty rooms / warehouses.
It is forbidden to turn on and use the device during refueling.
Repair of equipment is carried out by a specialized organization.
Operation is excluded in the absence of coolant in the system and fuel in the tank.
In the absence of a battery, the heater cannot be connected.
It is forbidden to turn off the device until the motor and fan have completely stopped.
The PZD is powered by a battery, regardless of the model and load capacity of the car.
After a shutdown (emergency or planned), it is re-enabled no earlier than 10 seconds later.
Ignoring the safety and operation rules of PZD, the manufacturer and installer have the right to refuse warranty repairs.
If the equipment does not start three times in a row, it is recommended to contact the repair service to check the operation.

Peculiarities of managing the operation of the railway in an emergency

if the heater does not start immediately, the start-up process will be automatically repeated. After two unsuccessful starts in a row, a shutdown occurs. After three, you need to contact the repair;
if the burner turns off during the operation of the heater, the process also stops;
when the heater overheats (violation of the circulation of the coolant, the formation of an air lock in the air duct or fuel line, etc.), the PZD is automatically turned off;
when the voltage drops below 20 V or rises above 30 V, the heater also automatically turns off - the protection relay is activated.
in the event of an emergency shutdown, the CONTROL LED on the control panel will start flashing. The number of blinks, after a pause, indicates the type of malfunction (see above in the section Common failures and troubleshooting methods).

Maintenance features

Like any other equipment, PZD requires regular maintenance, which is as follows:

daily inspection, checking wires, connectors and contacts, blowing air ducts;
seasonal - during the transition to winter operation, when the operation of the heater is required;
annual inspection to identify potential faults, breaks, burnt circuits, etc.

VIDEO: How to dismantle PZD

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