Historical education. Age of Enlightenment
Biography
early years
Miguel Cervantes was born into a family of impoverished nobles, in the city of Alcala de Henares. His father, Hidalgo Rodrigo de Cervantes, was a modest doctor, his mother, Doña Leonor de Cortina, was the daughter of a nobleman who lost his fortune. There were seven children in their family, Miguel was the fourth child [ ] . Very little is known about the early stages of Cervantes' life. The date of his birth is considered to be September 29, 1547 (the day of the Archangel Michael). This date is established approximately on the basis of the records of the church register and the then existing tradition of giving a child a name in honor of the saint whose feast day falls on his birthday. It is reliably known that Cervantes was baptized on October 9, 1547 in the Church of Santa Maria la Mayor in the city of Alcala de Henares.
Some biographers claim that Cervantes studied at the University of Salamanca, but there is no conclusive evidence for this version. There is also an unconfirmed version that he studied with the Jesuits in Cordoba or Seville.
According to Abraham Chaim, president of the Sephardic community in Jerusalem, Cervantes’ mother came from a family of baptized Jews. Cervantes's father was a nobleman, but in his hometown Alcala de Henares is the home of his ancestors, which is located in the center of the juderia, that is, the Jewish quarter. Cervantes' house is located in the former Jewish part of the city [ ] .
Activities of the writer in Italy
The reasons that prompted Cervantes to leave Castile remain unknown. Whether he was a student, or a fugitive from justice, or fleeing from a royal arrest warrant for wounding Antonio de Sigura in a duel, is another mystery about his life. In any case, having left for Italy, he did what other young Spaniards did for their careers in one way or another. Rome discovered its church rituals and grandeur for the young writer. In a city replete with ancient ruins, Cervantes discovered antique art, and also concentrated his attention on Renaissance art, architecture and poetry (knowledge of Italian literature can be seen in his works). He was able to find in achievements ancient world a powerful impetus for the revival of art. Thus, the enduring love for Italy, which is visible in his more later works, was in its own way a desire to return to early period Renaissance.
Military career and the Battle of Lepanto
There is another, unlikely, version of the loss of a hand. Due to the poverty of his parents, Cervantes received a meager education and, unable to find a means of subsistence, was forced to steal. Allegedly, it was for stealing that he was deprived of his hand, after which he had to leave for Italy. However, this version is not credible - if only because at that time thieves’ hands were no longer cut off, as they were sent to the galleys, where both hands were required.
The Duke of Sessé, presumably in 1575, gave Miguel letters of introduction (lost by Miguel during his capture) for the king and ministers, as he reported in his testimony dated July 25, 1578. He asked the king to show mercy and help to the brave soldier.
In Algerian captivity
In September 1575, Miguel Cervantes and his brother Rodrigo were returning from Naples to Barcelona aboard the galley "The Sun" (la Galera del Sol). On the morning of September 26, on the approach to the Catalan coast, the galley was attacked by Algerian corsairs. The attackers were resisted, as a result of which many members of the Sun's crew were killed, and the rest were captured and taken to Algeria. :236 Letters of recommendation found on Miguel Cervantes led to an increase in the amount of the required ransom. Cervantes spent 5 years (-) in Algerian captivity, tried to escape four times and was only miraculously not executed. In captivity he was often subjected to various tortures.
Father Rodrigo de Cervantes, according to his petition dated March 17, 1578, indicated that his son "was captured in a galley" Sun“, under the command of Carrillo de Quesada,” and that he “received wounds from two arquebus shots in the chest, and was maimed in left hand which he cannot use." The father did not have the funds to ransom Miguel due to the fact that he had previously ransomed his other son, Rodrigo, who was also on that ship, from captivity. The witness to this petition, Mateo de Santisteban, noted that he had known Miguel for eight years, and met him when he was 22 or 23 years old, on the day of the battle of Lepanto. He also testified that Miguel “ on the day of the battle he was sick and had a fever", and he was advised to stay in bed, but he decided to take part in the battle. For his distinction in battle, the captain presented him with four ducats in addition to his usual pay.
The news (in the form of letters) about Miguel’s stay in Algerian captivity was delivered by soldier Gabriel de Castañeda, a resident of the mountain valley of Carriedo from the village of Salazar. According to his information, Miguel was held captive for about two years (that is, since 1575) by a Greek convert to Islam, captain Arnautriomas.
Miguel's mother's petition from 1580 reported that she asked " give permission for the export of 2000 ducats in the form of goods from the kingdom of Valencia" to ransom her son.
Service in Seville
Intention to travel to America
Miguel de Cervantes. Edifying short stories. Translation from Spanish by B. Krzhevsky. Moscow. Publishing house " Fiction" 1983
Personal life
Almost on his deathbed, Cervantes did not stop working; a few days before his death, he took monastic vows. On April 22, 1616, his life ended (he died of dropsy), which the bearer himself in his philosophical humor called “long indiscretion” and, leaving which, he “carried away on his shoulders a stone with an inscription that read the destruction of his hopes.” However, according to the customs of that time, the date of his death was recorded as the date of his funeral - April 23. Because of this, it is sometimes said that the date of death of Cervantes coincides with the date of death of another great writer - William Shakespeare, in fact, Cervantes died 11 days earlier (since, at that time, the Gregorian calendar was in force in Spain, and the Julian calendar in England). April 23, 1616 is sometimes considered the end of the Renaissance. For a long time no one knew the exact burial place of the outstanding Spanish writer. Only in 2015 did archaeologists manage to discover his remains, which were solemnly reburied in the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Madrid.
Heritage
The monument to Cervantes was erected in Madrid only in 1835 (sculptor Antonio Sola); on the pedestal there are two inscriptions in Latin and Spanish: "To Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, king of the Spanish poets, year M.D.CCC.XXXV".
Cervantes's worldwide significance rests chiefly on his novel Don Quixote, a complete, comprehensive expression of his varied genius. Conceived as a satire on the chivalric romances that flooded all literature at that time, as the author definitely states in the “Prologue,” this work little by little, perhaps even independently of the will of the author, turned into a deep psychological analysis human nature, two sides of mental activity - noble idealism, but crushed by reality, and realistic practicality.
Both of these sides found brilliant manifestation in the immortal types of the hero of the novel and his squire; in their sharp opposition they - and this is the deep psychological truth - nevertheless constitute one person; only the fusion of these two essential aspects of the human spirit constitutes a harmonious whole. Don Quixote is funny, his adventures depicted with a brilliant brush - if you don’t think about their inner meaning - cause uncontrollable laughter; but it is soon replaced by a thinking and feeling reader with another laughter, “laughter through tears,” which is an essential and integral condition of any great humorous creation.
In Cervantes’s novel, in the fate of his hero, it was precisely world irony that was reflected in a high ethical form. In the beatings and all kinds of other insults to which the knight is subjected - although they are somewhat anti-artistic in a literary sense - lies one of the best expressions of this irony. Turgenev noted another very important point in the novel - the death of its hero: at this moment all the great significance of this person becomes accessible to everyone. When his former squire, wanting to console him, tells him that they will soon go on knightly adventures, “No,” the dying man answers, “all this is gone forever, and I ask everyone for forgiveness.”
Bibliography
- "Galatea", 1585
- "The Destruction of Numancia"
- "Algerian Morals"
- “Sea Battle” (not preserved)
- “The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”, 1605, 1615
- “Edifying Stories”, collection, 1613
- "Journey to Parnassus", 1614
- “Eight comedies and eight interludes, new, never presented on stage,” collection, 1615
- "The Wanderings of Persiles and Sikhismunda", 1617
Russian translations
Memory
- The asteroid (529) Preciosa, discovered in 1904, was named in honor of the heroine of Cervantes' novella “The Gypsy Girl” (according to another version, it was named after the title of a play by Pius Alexander Wolff, written in 1810).
- The asteroids (571) Dulcinea (discovered in 1905) and (3552) Don Quixote (discovered in 1983) are named in honor of the heroine and hero of the novel “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”.
- In 1965, Salvador Dali made the series "Five Immortal Spaniards", which included Cervantes, El Cid, El Greco, Velazquez and Don Quixote.
- In 1966, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Cervantes was issued.
- In 1976, a crater was named in honor of Cervantes. Cervantes on Mercury.
- On September 18, 2005, in honor of Cervantes, the asteroid discovered on February 2, 1992 by E. V. Elst at the European Southern Observatory was given the name "79144 Cervantes".
- The Plaza de España in Madrid is decorated with a sculptural composition, the central figure of which is Cervantes and his most famous heroes.
- A monument to Miguel Cervantes was erected in Moscow in Friendship Park.
- An Argentine Churruca-class destroyer is named after Cervantes.
- A monument to Cervantes was erected in the Spanish city of Toledo.
- A monument to Cervantes is erected in the city of Seville.
- The monument to Cervantes was erected in the Greek city of Nafpaktos (formerly Lepanto).
- A street in the settlement of Sosenskoye is named after Cervantes
In 1575, Cervantes remained in Sicily for treatment. After recovery, it was decided to return to Spain, where he could obtain the rank of captain in the army. But on September 26, 1575, the future writer was captured by Turkish pirates, who transported him to Algeria. The captivity lasted until September 19, 1580, until the family collected the amount necessary for the ransom. Hopes for a reward in Spain were not realized.
Life after the army
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In 1585, the former soldier received the post of purchasing commissioner olive oil and grain for the Invincible Armada in Andalusia. The work turned out to be hard and thankless. When Cervantes, on the king's orders, requisitioned the clergy's wheat, he was excommunicated. For errors in reporting, the would-be commissioner was put on trial and sent to prison.
Attempts to find happiness in Spain were unsuccessful, and the writer applied for a position in America. But in 1590 he was refused. Subsequently, Cervantes survived three more imprisonments, in 1592, 1597, 1602. It was then that the immortal work known to everyone began to crystallize.
In 1602, the court cleared the writer of all charges for alleged debts. In 1604, Cervantes moved to Valladolid, which was then the residence of the king. Only in 1608 did he settle permanently in Madrid, where he became seriously involved in writing and publishing books. Last years the author lived on a pension granted by the Archbishop of Toledo and Count Lemos. The famous Spaniard died of dropsy on April 23, 1616, having become a monk a few days before.
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The first school poems were published in 1569. Only 16 years later, in 1585, the first part of the pastoral novel “Galatea” was published. The work tells the story of the vicissitudes of the relationships between idealized characters, shepherdesses and shepherds. Some pieces are written in prose, some in verse. United storyline and the main characters are not here. The action is very simple, the shepherds simply tell each other about troubles and joys. The writer had been planning to write a sequel all his life, but never did.
In 1605, a novel about “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha” was published. The second part was published in 1615. In 1613, “Edifying Novels” saw the light. In 1614, “Journey to Parnassus” was born, and in 1615, “Eight Comedies and Eight Interludes” were written. In 1617, The Wanderings of Persiles and Sikhismunda were published posthumously. Not all works have reached us, but Cervantes mentioned them: “Weeks in the Garden”, the second volume of “Galatea”, “Deception of the Eye”.
The famous “Edifying Stories” are 12 stories in which the edifying part is indicated in the title and is associated with a moral written at the end. Some of them have in common common topic. Thus, in “The Generous Suitor”, “Senora Cornelia”, “Two Maidens” and “The English Spaniard” we're talking about about lovers separated by the vicissitudes of fate. But by the end of the story, the main characters are reunited and find their long-awaited happiness.
Another group of short stories is devoted to the life of the central character, focusing more on the characters rather than the unfolding actions. This can be seen in “Rinconete and Cortadillo”, “A Fraudulent Marriage”, “The Licentiate of Vidrier”, “A Conversation between Two Dogs”. It is generally accepted that “Rinconete and Cortadillo” is the author’s most charming work, telling in a comic form about the life of two vagabonds who became involved with a brotherhood of thieves. In the novella one can feel the humor of Cervantes, who describes with solemn comedy the ceremonial adopted in the gang.
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The book of a lifetime is the one and only Don Quixote. It is believed that Cervantes copied the simple-minded hidalgo Alonso Quihan. The hero was imbued with the idea of chivalry from books and believed that he himself was a knight errant. The search for adventures of Don Quixote of La Mancha and his faithful companion, the peasant Sancho Panzo, was a huge success then, and still is, four centuries later.
novel, short story, tragedy, interlude
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra(Spanish) Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra; September 29, Alcala de Henares - April 23, Madrid) is a world famous Spanish writer. First of all, he is known as the author of one of the greatest works of world literature - the novel “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha.”
Biography
Born in Alcala de Henares (Province of Madrid). His father, Rodrigo de Cervantes, was a modest surgeon, and his large family constantly lived in poverty, which did not leave the future writer throughout his sorrowful life. Very little is known about the early stages of his life. Since the 1970s in Spain there is a widespread version about Jewish origin Cervantes, which influenced his work.
There are several versions of his biography. The first, generally accepted version says that “at the very height of the war between Spain and the Turks, he entered military service under the banner. In the Battle of Lepanta he appeared everywhere at the very dangerous place and, fighting with truly poetic enthusiasm, received four wounds and lost an arm.” However, there is a more realistic version of his irreparable loss. Due to the poverty of his parents, Cervantes received a meager education and, unable to find a means of subsistence, was forced to steal. It was for theft that he was deprived of his hand, after which he had to leave for Italy. However, this version is not critical - at that time thieves’ hands were no longer cut off, since they were sent to the galleys, where both hands were required. He spent the next three years on campaigns again (in Portugal), but military service becomes an unbearable burden for him, and he finally retires, without any means of subsistence. On the way back to Spain, he was captured in Algeria, where he spent 5 years (1575-80), tried to escape four times and was only miraculously not executed. Bought by Trinitarian monks.
Literary activity
Miguel de Cervantes
Now it begins literary activity. The first work, Galatea, is followed by a large number of dramatic plays that enjoyed little success.
To earn his daily bread, the future author of Don Quixote enters the quartermaster service; he is entrusted with purchasing provisions for the “Invincible Armada”. In fulfilling these duties, he suffers great failures, even ends up on trial and spends some time in prison. His life in those years was a whole chain of severe hardships, hardships and disasters.
In the midst of all this, he does not stop his writing activity, not yet publishing anything. Wanderings prepare material for him future work, serving as a means for studying Spanish life in its various manifestations.
Russian translations
USSR postage stamp dedicated to Cervantes
According to the latest data, the first Russian translator of Cervantes is N. I. Oznobishin, who translated the short story “Cornelia” in the year.
Links
- Russian-language site about Cervantes. Complete works (read online and download). Biography. Articles.
- Buranok O. M. The first Russian translation of Cervantes // Electronic magazine “Knowledge. Understanding. Skill ». - 2008. - No. 5 - Philology. - S. Edifying short stories.
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See what “Cervantes, Miguel” is in other dictionaries:
- (Cervantes) Cervantes Saavedra (Cervantes Saavedra) Miguel de (1547 1616) Spanish writer. Aphorisms, quotes by Cervantes Miguel de (Cervantes). Biography. If all that glitters were gold, gold would cost a lot less. In misfortune... ...
The request for "Cervantes" is redirected here; see also other meanings. Miguel Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ... Wikipedia
Cervantes Miguel de (Cervantes). Biography. Cervantes Saavedra Miguel de (1547 1616) Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes. Biography of Spanish writer. The date of birth is September 29 (St. Miguel's Day). Born into a family... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms
Cervantes, Miguel de Saavedra- (1547 1616) famous Spanish writer. In his youth he served in Rome, then took part in the naval battle with the Turks at Lepanto; Later he was captured by corsairs and sold into slavery in Algeria, where he stayed for 5 years. Subsequently, Cervantes received... ... Historical reference book of Russian Marxist
Miguel Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Date of birth: September 29, 1547 Place of birth: Alcala de Henares, Spain Date of death: April 23, 1616 Place of death ... Wikipedia
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Date of birth: September 29, 1547 Place of birth: Alcala de Henares, Spain Date of death: April 23, 1616 Place of death ... Wikipedia
Miguel Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Date of birth: September 29, 1547 Place of birth: Alcala de Henares, Spain Date of death: April 23, 1616 Place of death ... Wikipedia
Miguel Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Date of birth: September 29, 1547 Place of birth: Alcala de Henares, Spain Date of death: April 23, 1616 Place of death ... Wikipedia
Miguel Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Date of birth: September 29, 1547 Place of birth: Alcala de Henares, Spain Date of death: April 23, 1616 Place of death ... Wikipedia
Books
- Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. Eight comedies and eight interludes, Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, We present to your attention eight comedies and eight interludes by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, never presented on stage. ISBN:978-5-02-025568-5… Category: Journalism Series: Literary monuments Publisher: Nauka, Manufacturer:
Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra(Spanish) Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ; presumably September 29, Alcala de Henares - April 22, Madrid) is a world famous Spanish writer. First of all, he is known as the author of one of the greatest works of world literature - the novel “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”.
Biography
early years
Church where Cervantes was baptized, Alcala de Henares
Miguel Cervantes was born into a family of impoverished nobles, in the city of Alcala de Henares. His father, Hidalgo Rodrigo de Cervantes, was a modest doctor, his mother, Doña Leonor de Cortina, was the daughter of a nobleman who lost his fortune. There were seven children in their family, Miguel was the fourth child [ ] . Very little is known about the early stages of Cervantes' life. The date of his birth is considered to be September 29, 1547 (the day of the Archangel Michael). This date is established approximately on the basis of the records of the church register and the then existing tradition of giving a child a name in honor of the saint whose feast day falls on his birthday. It is reliably known that Cervantes was baptized on October 9, 1547 in the Church of Santa Maria la Mayor in the city of Alcala de Henares.
Some biographers claim that Cervantes studied at the University of Salamanca, but there is no conclusive evidence for this version. There is also an unconfirmed version that he studied with the Jesuits in Cordoba or Seville.
According to Abraham Chaim, president of the Sephardic community in Jerusalem, Cervantes’ mother came from a family of baptized Jews. Cervantes's father was a nobleman, but his hometown of Alcala de Henares is the home of his ancestors, which is located in the center of the juderia, that is, the Jewish quarter. Cervantes' house is located in the former Jewish part of the city [ ] .
Activities of the writer in Italy
The reasons that prompted Cervantes to leave Castile remain unknown. Whether he was a student, or a fugitive from justice, or fleeing from a royal arrest warrant for wounding Antonio de Sigura in a duel, is another mystery about his life. In any case, having left for Italy, he did what other young Spaniards did for their careers in one way or another. Rome discovered its church rituals and grandeur for the young writer. In a city replete with ancient ruins, Cervantes discovered ancient art and also concentrated his attention on Renaissance art, architecture and poetry (his knowledge of Italian literature can be seen in his works). He was able to find in the achievements of the ancient world a powerful impetus for the revival of art. Thus, the enduring love for Italy, which is visible in his later works, was in its own way a desire to return to the early period of the Renaissance.
Military career and the Battle of Lepanto
There is another, unlikely, version of the loss of a hand. Due to the poverty of his parents, Cervantes received a meager education and, unable to find a means of subsistence, was forced to steal. Allegedly, it was for stealing that he was deprived of his hand, after which he had to leave for Italy. However, this version is not credible - if only because at that time thieves’ hands were no longer cut off, as they were sent to the galleys, where both hands were required.
The Duke of Sessé, presumably in 1575, gave Miguel letters of introduction (lost by Miguel during his capture) for the king and ministers, as he reported in his testimony dated July 25, 1578. He asked the king to show mercy and help to the brave soldier.
In Algerian captivity
In September 1575, Miguel Cervantes and his brother Rodrigo were returning from Naples to Barcelona aboard the galley "The Sun" (la Galera del Sol). On the morning of September 26, on the approach to the Catalan coast, the galley was attacked by Algerian corsairs. The attackers were resisted, as a result of which many members of the Sun's crew were killed, and the rest were captured and taken to Algeria. :236 Letters of recommendation found on Miguel Cervantes led to an increase in the amount of the required ransom. Cervantes spent 5 years (-) in Algerian captivity, tried to escape four times and was only miraculously not executed. In captivity he was often subjected to various tortures.
Father Rodrigo de Cervantes, according to his petition dated March 17, 1578, indicated that his son "was captured in a galley" Sun“, under the command of Carrillo de Quesada,” and that he “received wounds from two arquebus shots in the chest, and was maimed in the left arm, which he could not use.” The father did not have the funds to ransom Miguel due to the fact that he had previously ransomed his other son, Rodrigo, who was also on that ship, from captivity. The witness to this petition, Mateo de Santisteban, noted that he had known Miguel for eight years, and met him when he was 22 or 23 years old, on the day of the battle of Lepanto. He also testified that Miguel “ on the day of the battle he was sick and had a fever", and he was advised to stay in bed, but he decided to take part in the battle. For his distinction in battle, the captain presented him with four ducats in addition to his usual pay.
The news (in the form of letters) about Miguel’s stay in Algerian captivity was delivered by soldier Gabriel de Castañeda, a resident of the mountain valley of Carriedo from the village of Salazar. According to his information, Miguel was held captive for about two years (that is, since 1575) by a Greek convert to Islam, captain Arnautriomas.
Miguel's mother's petition from 1580 reported that she asked " give permission for the export of 2000 ducats in the form of goods from the kingdom of Valencia" to ransom her son.
Service in Seville
Intention to travel to America
Miguel de Cervantes. Edifying short stories. Translation from Spanish by B. Krzhevsky. Moscow. Publishing house "Fiction". 1983
Personal life
Almost on his deathbed, Cervantes did not stop working; a few days before his death, he took monastic vows. On April 22, 1616, his life ended (he died of dropsy), which the bearer himself in his philosophical humor called “long indiscretion” and, leaving which, he “carried away on his shoulders a stone with an inscription that read the destruction of his hopes.” However, according to the customs of that time, the date of his death was recorded as the date of his funeral - April 23. Because of this, it is sometimes said that the date of death of Cervantes coincides with the date of death of another great writer - William Shakespeare, in fact, Cervantes died 11 days earlier (since, at that time, the Gregorian calendar was in force in Spain, and the Julian calendar in England). April 23, 1616 is sometimes considered the end of the Renaissance. For a long time, no one knew the exact burial place of the outstanding Spanish writer. Only in 2015 did archaeologists manage to discover his remains, which were solemnly reburied in the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Madrid.
Heritage
Monument to Miguel de Cervantes in Madrid (1835)
The monument to Cervantes was erected in Madrid only in 1835 (sculptor Antonio Sola); on the pedestal there are two inscriptions in Latin and Spanish: “To Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, king of the Spanish poets, year M.D.CCC.XXXV.”
Cervantes's worldwide significance rests chiefly on his novel Don Quixote, a complete, comprehensive expression of his varied genius. Conceived as a satire on the knightly romances that flooded all literature at that time, which the author definitely states in the “Prologue,” this work little by little, perhaps even independently of the author’s will, turned into a deep psychological analysis of human nature, two sides of mental activity - noble, but crushed by reality, idealism and realistic practicality.
Both of these sides found brilliant manifestation in the immortal types of the hero of the novel and his squire; in their sharp opposition they - and this is the deep psychological truth - nevertheless constitute one person; only the fusion of these two essential aspects of the human spirit constitutes a harmonious whole. Don Quixote is funny, his adventures depicted with a brilliant brush - if you don’t think about their inner meaning - cause uncontrollable laughter; but it is soon replaced by a thinking and feeling reader with another laughter, “laughter through tears,” which is an essential and integral condition of any great humorous creation.
In Cervantes’s novel, in the fate of his hero, it was precisely world irony that was reflected in a high ethical form. In the beatings and all kinds of other insults to which the knight is subjected - although they are somewhat anti-artistic in a literary sense - lies one of the best expressions of this irony. Turgenev noted another very important moment in the novel - the death of his hero: at this moment all the great significance of this person becomes accessible to everyone. When his former squire, wanting to console him, tells him that they will soon go on knightly adventures, “No,” the dying man answers, “all this is gone forever, and I ask everyone for forgiveness.”
Bibliography
- "Galatea", 1585
- "The Destruction of Numancia"
- "Algerian Morals"
- “Sea Battle” (not preserved)
- “The cunning hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”, 1605, 1615
- “Edifying Stories”, collection, 1613
- "Journey to Parnassus", 1614
- “Eight comedies and eight interludes, new, never presented on stage,” collection, 1615
- "The Wanderings of Persiles and Sikhismunda", 1617
Russian translations
The first Russian translator of Cervantes, according to the latest data, is N. I. Oznobishin, who translated the short story “Cornelia” in 1761. Then it was translated by M. Yu. Lermontov and V. A. Zhukovsky.
Memory
- The asteroid (529) Preciosa, discovered in 1904, was named in honor of the heroine of Cervantes' novella “The Gypsy Girl” (according to another version, it was named after the title of a play by Pius Alexander Wolff, written in 1810).
- The asteroids (571) Dulcinea (discovered in 1905) and (3552) Don Quixote (discovered in 1983) are named in honor of the heroine and hero of the novel “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”.
- In 1965, Salvador Dali made the series "Five Immortal Spaniards", which included Cervantes, El Cid, El Greco, Velazquez and Don Quixote.
- In 1966, a USSR postage stamp dedicated to Cervantes was issued.
- In 1976, a crater was named in honor of Cervantes. Cervantes on Mercury.
- On September 18, 2005, in honor of Cervantes, the asteroid, discovered on February 2, 1992 by E. V. Elst at the European Southern Observatory, was given the name “79144 Cervantes”.
- The Plaza de España in Madrid is decorated with a sculptural composition, the central figure of which is Cervantes and his most famous heroes.
- A monument to Miguel Cervantes was erected in Moscow in Friendship Park.
- An Argentine Churruca-class destroyer is named after Cervantes.
- A monument to Cervantes was erected in the Spanish city of Toledo.
- A monument to Cervantes is erected in the city of Seville.
- The monument to Cervantes was erected in the Greek city of Nafpaktos (formerly Lepanto).
- A street in the Sosenskoye settlement of the Novomoskovsk administrative district of Moscow is named after Cervantes.
see also
Notes
- Cervantes Saavedra Miguel de // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- "Cervantes, Miguel de", The Encyclopedia Americana, 1994
