Low pressure steam boilers diagram. Steam boilers: operating principle and design

A steam boiler is a device for converting water into steam, used both in everyday life and in industry. Steam is used to heat rooms, apparatus and pipelines, as well as to rotate turbomachines. Let's find out in more detail what they are steam boilers. The principle of operation, device, classification, scope of application and much more - all this will be discussed below.

Definition

As you already understand, a steam boiler is a unit that produces steam. In this case, boilers of this type can produce two types of steam: saturated and superheated. In the first case, its temperature is about 100 degrees, and the pressure is about 100 kPa. The temperature of the superheated steam rises to 500 degrees, and the pressure - up to 26 MPa. Saturated steam is used for domestic purposes, mainly for heating private houses. Superheated steam has found application in industry and energy. It tolerates heat well, so its use greatly increases the efficiency of the installation.

Scope of application

There are three main areas of application for steam boilers:

1. Heating systems. Steam acts as an energy carrier.
2. Energy. Industrial steam engines, or steam generators as they are also called, are used to generate electrical energy.
3. Industry. Steam in industry is used not only to heat the “jackets” of devices and pipelines, but also to convert thermal energy into mechanical energy and move vehicles.

Domestic steam boilers are used for heating residential premises. In simple words, their task is to heat water and move steam through the pipeline. Such a system is often installed together with a stationary stove or boiler. Typically, household appliances produce saturated, non-superheated steam, which is quite sufficient to solve the tasks assigned to them.

In industry, steam is overheated - it continues to be heated after evaporation in order to increase the temperature even more. Such installations are subject to special quality requirements, since if the steam overheats, the container runs the risk of exploding. Superheated steam obtained from the boiler can be used to generate electricity or mechanical movement.

An electric current is generated using steam as follows. Evaporating, the steam enters the turbine, where, thanks to the dense flow, it rotates the shaft. Thus, thermal energy is converted into mechanical energy, which, in turn, is converted into electrical energy. This is how power plant turbines work.

Shaft rotation that occurs during evaporation large quantities superheated steam can be transferred directly to the motor and wheels. This is how steam transport is set in motion. Popular examples of the operation of a steam engine include the steam generator of a steam locomotive or a ship's steam boiler. The principle of operation of the latter is quite simple: burning coal produces heat, which heats water and produces steam. Well, the steam, in turn, rotates the wheels, or in the case of a ship, the screws.

Let's take a closer look at how such boilers work. The source of heat required to heat water can be any type of energy: electric, solar, geothermal, heat from the combustion of gas or solid fuel. The steam generated during the heating process of water is a coolant, that is, it transfers thermal energy from the place of heating to the place of use.

Despite the variety of designs, the fundamental structure and operating principle of steam boilers are no different. General scheme heating water and then converting it into steam looks like this:

1. Purification of water using filters and its supply to the tank for heating using a pump. The reservoir is usually located at the top of the installation.
2. From the reservoir, through pipes, water enters the collector, located, respectively, below.
3. The water rises again, only now not through the pipes, but through the heating zone.
4. Steam is generated in the heating zone. Under the influence of the pressure difference between the liquid and gaseous substance, it will rise upward.
5. At the top, the heated steam is passed through a separator where it is finally separated from the water. The remaining liquid is returned to the tank, and the steam follows into the steam line.
6. If this is not an ordinary boiler, but a steam generator, then its pipelines are additionally heated. Methods for heating them will be discussed below.

Device

Steam boilers are a container in which water is heated and produces steam. They are usually made in the form of pipes of various sizes. In addition to the water pipe, the boiler always has a fuel combustion chamber (furnace). Its design may vary depending on the type of fuel used. If it is firewood or hard coal, then a grate is installed in the lower part of the firebox, on which the fuel is placed. Air enters the combustion chamber from the bottom of the grate. And at the top of the firebox there is a chimney, which is necessary for effective draft - air circulation and fuel combustion.

The operating principle of solid fuel steam boilers is somewhat different from devices that use liquid or gaseous material as a coolant. In the second case, the combustion chamber involves a burner that operates similar to the burners of a household gas stove. A grate and a chimney are also used for air circulation, because regardless of the type of fuel, air is the most important condition combustion.

Obtained from the combustion of fuel, rises to a container of water. It gives off its heat to the water and exits through the chimney into the atmosphere. When water reaches its boiling point, it begins to evaporate. It is worth noting that water evaporates earlier, but not in such quantities and not with the same vapor temperature. The evaporated steam enters the pipes on its own. Thus, steam circulation and change states of aggregation water occurs naturally. The operating principle of a natural circulation steam boiler requires minimal human intervention. All the operator needs to do is ensure stable water heating and control the process using special devices.

In the case of water heating, it is easier. It is heated using heating elements such as heating elements or acts as a conductor and is heated according to the Joule-Lenz law.

Classification

Steam boilers, the operating principle of which we are considering today, can be classified according to several parameters.

By type of fuel:

1. Coal.
2. Gas.
3. Fuel oil.
4. Electrical.

By purpose:

1. Household.
2. Energy.
3. Industrial.
4. Recycling.

By design:

1. Gas pipes.
2. Water tube.

What is the difference between gas and water tube steam boilers?

The operating principle of boilers is based on heating a container of water. The container in which water turns into a vapor state is usually a pipe or several pipes. Devices in which fuel heats pipes by rising upward are called gas-tube boilers.

But there is another option - when it moves through a pipe located inside a container of water. In this case, the water tanks are called drums, and the boiler itself is called a water-tube boiler. In everyday life it is also called a fire tube boiler. Depending on the location of the water drums, boilers of this type are divided into: horizontal, vertical and radial. There are also models in which different directions of pipes are implemented.

The design and principle of operation of a fire-tube steam boiler is somewhat different from a gas-tube boiler. Firstly, this concerns the size of the water and steam pipes. Water-tube boilers have smaller pipes than gas-tube boilers. Secondly, there are differences in power. A gas-tube boiler produces a pressure of no more than 1 MPa and has a heat-generating capacity of up to 360 kW. The reason for this is large pipes. In order for sufficient steam and pressure to be generated in the pipes, their walls must be thick. As a result, the price of such boilers is too high. more powerful. Thanks to the thin walls of the pipes, the steam heats up better. And thirdly, water tube boilers are safer. They produce high temperatures and are not afraid of significant overloads.

Additional boiler elements

The operating principle of a steam boiler is quite simple, however, its design consists of quite large quantity elements. In addition to the combustion chamber and pipes for circulating water/steam, boilers are equipped with devices to increase their efficiency (increasing steam temperature, pressure and quantity). Such devices include:

1. Superheater. Serves to increase the steam temperature above 100 degrees. Superheating the steam increases the efficiency of the device and its efficiency. Superheated steam can reach temperatures of 500 degrees Celsius. Such high temperatures occur in steam plants nuclear power plants. The essence of overheating is that after evaporation, the steam moving through the pipe is reheated. To do this, the device can be equipped with an additional combustion chamber or a simple pipeline, which passes through the main firebox several times before releasing the steam for its intended use. Superheaters are either radiation or convection. The first ones work 2-3 times more efficiently.
2. Separator. Serves to “drain” steam - separating it from water. This allows you to increase the efficiency of the installation.
3. Steam accumulator. This device is designed to maintain a constant level of steam output from the installation. When there is not enough steam, it adds it to the system and, conversely, takes it away in case of excess.
4. Water preparation device. In order for the device to work longer, the water entering it must meet specific requirements. This device reduces the amount of oxygen and minerals in the water. These simple measures help prevent corrosion of pipes and the formation of scale on their walls. Rust and scale not only reduce the efficiency of the device, but also quickly render it unusable, especially in the case of active use.

Control devices

In addition, the boiler is equipped with auxiliary devices for monitoring and control. For example, a water limit indicator monitors the maintenance of a constant liquid level in the drum. The operating principle of a steam boiler limit switch is based on the change in the mass of special loads during their transition from the liquid phase to the vapor phase, and vice versa. In case of deviation from the norm, it gives a sound signal to alert the company employees.

For positional control of the water level, a level-measuring column of the steam boiler is also used. The operating principle of the device is based on the electrical conductivity of water. The column is a tube equipped with four electrodes that control the water level. If the water column reaches the lower level, the feed pump is connected, and if it reaches the upper level, the water supply to the boiler stops.

Another simple device for measuring the water level in a steam boiler is a water meter glass built into the body of the apparatus. The principle of operation of the water gauge glass of a steam boiler is simple - it is designed for visual monitoring of the water level.

In addition to the liquid level, temperature and pressure are measured in the system using thermometers and pressure gauges, respectively. All this is necessary for the normal functioning of the boiler and to prevent the possibility of emergency situations.

Steam generators

We have already looked at the operating principle of a steam boiler, now let's briefly get acquainted with the features of steam generators - the most powerful boilers equipped with additional devices. As you already understood, the main difference between a steam generator and a boiler is that its design includes one or more intermediate superheaters, which allows it to achieve the highest steam temperatures. At nuclear power plants, thanks to very hot steam, the energy of atomic decay is converted into electrical energy.

There are two main ways to heat water and convert it into a gaseous state in a reactor:

1. Water washes over the reactor vessel. In this case, the reactor is cooled and the water is heated. Thus, steam is generated in a separate circuit. In this case, the steam generator acts as a heat exchanger.
2. Water pipes run inside the reactor. In this embodiment, the reactor is a combustion chamber from which steam is supplied directly to the electric generator. This design is called a boiling water reactor. Here everything works without a steam generator.

Conclusion

Today we got acquainted with such a useful device as a steam boiler. The design and operating principle of this device are quite simple and are based on banal physical properties water. Nevertheless, steam boilers greatly facilitate human life. They warm buildings and help generate electricity.

A device for producing high temperature water steam is a steam boiler. In this case, the pressure of the water inside the boiler is gaseous state, significantly exceeds atmospheric. Heating of water occurs as a result of the release of thermal energy due to the combustion of any fuel. Despite the fact that currently steam boilers have different designs and can be used for both industrial and domestic purposes, they have the same operating principle.

Operating principle of a steam boiler

All steam boilers operate on the same principle of their design:

• the upper part of the boiler contains a drum-type reservoir, into which water is forcibly supplied through the use of an electric pump;
• from this tank, water flows through special outlet pipes into a collector located at the bottom of the device;
• There are more pipes from the collector to the upper reservoir, which pass in the fuel combustion zone (boiler furnace).

Thus, this device for generating steam can be compared with a system of communicating vessels, in which the heated mixture of water and steam has a lower density than cold water. As a result of this difference, the water constantly pushes the steam-water mixture into top part devices where steam is separated from water using a separator.

After this, the water again enters the tank, and the steam enters the steam line, which is also located in the fuel combustion zone. As a result, water, which is in a gaseous state, heats up even more, which leads to a significant increase in steam pressure. Now the steam characteristics have reached the desired parameters. Further, it can be used either for space heating or for rotating turbines of various units, including for generating electrical energy.

Types of steam boilers

All steam boilers can be classified according to several parameters. For example, boilers are distinguished by the type of fuel used for their operation:

• liquid fuel;
• gas;
• coal;
• electrical;
• gas and oil.

And depending on what purpose these devices have, they are divided into:

• energy (such boilers produce steam to ensure the operation of turbines power plants generating electrical energy);
• industrial (provide the functionality of various systems at industrial enterprises);
• recycling (working on secondary resources, for example, burning waste in special factories);
• household (designed to work in an individual heating system).

According to their design features, the most common types of steam boilers are:

1. Gas pipes.
2. Water tube.
3. Straight-through.
4. Cast iron sectional.
5. Block-transportable.

Let's look at them in more detail.

Gas tube boilers

Although boilers of this type are still in use at various enterprises, they have long been considered obsolete, since they are designed for operating conditions limited to an operating pressure of 1 MPa and a power of no more than 360 kW. And this is no longer enough to ensure the normal operation of modern enterprises.

If you try to increase the power of such a boiler, then at the design stage it is necessary to lay out a wall thickness that will be incredibly large, which is economically unprofitable.

If this is not done, then when the power of the gas-tube boiler increases, it may explode, and the huge amount of hot steam released as a result of the breach of the tightness of the walls will lead to catastrophic consequences for people.

Water tube boilers

This design of steam boilers is more modern, and therefore more powerful and safe. However, such steam boilers have a more complex design than their gas-tube counterparts. But this disadvantage is offset by a number of advantages of this design:

• boilers of this type have a short heating time to operating temperature;
• they are absolutely explosion-proof even in situations where the boiler is overloaded;
• such devices can easily be reconfigured to work with different loads;
• they can be easily transported to the installation site.

Since the complex design of water-tube boilers involves a special system of combustion baffles and pipe bundles, the thermal energy released during fuel combustion repeatedly flows around the same pipes with water, which increases heat transfer, and therefore the efficiency of the boiler.

Water tube boilers, in turn, are divided into:

• Horizontal (in this case, the drum-type tank has either a longitudinal or transverse arrangement).
• Vertical (in this case, the boiler device can contain not only 1, but also several steam drums).
• Radiation ones, which include both horizontally and vertically located steam drums, or a combination thereof. Sometimes for more efficient work For such steam boilers, forced circulation can also be used.

In addition, to increase the operating efficiency of a water-tube boiler, special combustion screens are often used to significantly increase the release of thermal energy in the fuel combustion zone (thus, the efficiency of the steam boiler greatly increases) while simultaneously reducing the requirements for the thermal insulation characteristics of the walls.

The combustion screen device consists of a series of pipes located close to each other through which water flows. After heating, the steam from these pipes is supplied to the general steam system of the boiler.

Once-through boilers

A steam boiler of this type is capable of operating both in a mode that does not exceed the maximum permissible load, and in a mode when the steam pressure in the boiler significantly exceeds its maximum permissible value. In boilers of this type, forced pumping of water is used through pipes, which, as a result of one pass through the firebox, turns into steam with excess pressure necessary for the operation of turbines of power plants that generate electrical energy. Thus, once-through boilers operating on liquid, solid or gaseous fuel, extracted from the bowels of the Earth, are mainly used in very large power plants.

The main advantages of boilers of this type are:

• very wide range of operating conditions (from underload to overload);
• operational safety;
• short time from starting the boiler until it reaches operating conditions;
• ease of reconfiguring the boiler from one operating mode to another.

Cast iron sectional boilers

These boilers have now received very wide application for work in heating systems. The device got its name from its similarity to a heating radiator, since it is also assembled from separate sections made of cast iron. Thus, this design allows not only to quickly assemble the boiler at the place of its installation, but also, if necessary, to carry out a short time its dismantling.

The block system of a sectional boiler allows you to increase its power to the required value by connecting new cast iron sections. The disadvantage of this design is that if it is necessary to replace one of the internal sections that has failed, for example, due to the formation of a crack in it, the entire boiler structure will have to be completely disassembled.

Advantages of such boilers:

• short heating time of the boiler from start-up to operating steam temperature;
• high efficiency;
• possibility of increasing the boiler power.

However, sectional boilers also have disadvantages:

• Difficulty of repair.
• The sections do not guarantee safe operation of the device at high pressures (maximum operating conditions: pressure - no more than 100 kPa, power - no more than 200 kW, productivity - no more than 4.3 tons of steam per hour). Under such conditions, it will be necessary to burn about 300 kg of high-quality coal in the furnace in 1 hour.

Block transportable boilers

Such steam boilers were first used during the Second World War, when troops were in dire need of devices that were not only small in size, but also did not require complex maintenance.

Currently, boilers of this type look like small mobile units, which include not only a working unit, but the control and measuring equipment necessary to start and maintain operating conditions in the boiler.

These devices can be put into operation very quickly as soon as all the necessary communication connections have been made (water, electricity or fuel supply, chimney). The power of modern modules reaches several thousand kilowatts, and the maximum operating steam pressure is 9 MPa.

Despite the fact that boiler designs differ from each other in water heating systems, all of them (except electric ones) use a special fuel combustion chamber - a firebox.

Steam boiler furnace

A steam boiler cannot function without thermal energy, which is released when fuel is burned in the furnace.

Structurally, this assembly unit consists of:

• A cage formed by vertical pipes, the ends of which are connected to collector-type drums having a small diameter. These drums are part of the whole circulation system steam boiler.
• Thermal insulating fireproof sheathing attached to the outside of the cage.
• Specially molded bricks covering the back surfaces of the cage tubes. This design of the firebox does not retain ash and slag.

However, in Lately More and more consumers using steam boilers in individual heating systems prefer electric boilers.

Electric boilers

A steam boiler of this type is characterized by:

• ease of operation;
• efficiency;
• environmental friendliness;
• silent operation.

In addition, such a boiler design is much simpler than that of devices using solid or liquid fuel. Electric boilers do not need to be constantly cleaned of ash or slag, and the fuel itself does not require special additional preparation. This way, you will save money that would have been spent on delivering fuel to your home and that would have been spent on installing a fuel storage facility.

According to their design, electric boilers are divided into:

1. Direct action devices. They use water as a conductor of electric current, which is heated according to the Joule-Lenz law.
2. Indirect action devices. They use, for example, heating elements as heating elements.

However, if we talk about the price of steam boilers of any type, it is quite high. It is this fact that makes some consumers (especially in rural areas) want to create such a device with their own hands. Let's consider whether this is possible in principle?

Making a steam boiler with your own hands

Steam boiler - device increased danger in the house. After all, it contains excess steam pressure, which can lead to an explosion of the boiler, as well as heat and open flames, which may cause a fire.

That is why to make a homemade boiler at home you will need:

• accurate calculations;
• high-tech heat-resistant materials;
• various tools and equipment.

Do not forget about the various control systems that the boiler must be equipped with in order to ensure its safe operation.

Suppose, purely theoretically, that all that is needed for self-made steam boiler you have. Then the order of work will be as follows:

1. Decide on the dimensions of the future boiler and its functional load.
2. Find ready-made drawings of such a device that fully corresponds to your original data.
3. Carefully study all the documentation and understand the nuances of creating a boiler.
4. Get the necessary Consumables: steel sheet 1 mm thick; stainless steel pipes, the diameter of which ranges from 100 mm to 120 mm; stainless steel tubes with a diameter from 10 mm to 30 mm.
5. From steel pipe With a diameter of 100 mm, it is necessary to cut twelve pieces of pipe that will be used as smoke chambers. A flame tube must be made from a 120 mm pipe. The length of all tubes directly depends on the dimensions of the boiler. You will need steel sheets for making walls and bulkheads.
6. Smoke and flame pipes are inserted into special holes of the appropriate diameter, which are made on the walls of the boiler.
7. After this, the ends of the smoke tubes must be flared and welded to the base of the boiler using argon welding.
8. By welding, you fix a manifold for steam intake and a safety valve on the boiler body to automatically relieve excess pressure in the boiler. Your boiler can operate with a maximum pressure of 4 to 6 kg/cm2!
9. Insulate the finished boiler to increase its efficiency using sheet asbestos.
10. Secure the finished steam production unit using a variety of clamps.
11. The base of the steam boiler can be a small piece of steel pipe with a diameter of 120 mm. However, the wall thickness of such a pipe must be at least 2.5 mm.

Based on this, I don't think you'll succeed. Therefore, do not waste your time and money, but simply visit a specialized store and purchase a ready-made heating device that will suit you in terms of price, type of fuel used and functionality.

In the final part, I would like to pay a little attention to the features of boiler operation.

Features of operation

The operation of steam boilers requires careful water treatment, regular cleaning of the furnace and control of the operation of the device.

1. Preparation of water used in boiler operation. Each water contains mineral salts to a greater or lesser extent, which, as a result of heating, form scale on the surfaces of the boiler. As a result, not only does the heat transfer of the burning fuel to water deteriorate (the efficiency of the boiler sharply decreases), but depressurization of the pipes may also occur as a result of their burning out. Therefore, before supplying water to the boiler, it is cleaned of salts by adding special reagents, for example, sodium zeolite. It is also necessary to remove oxygen dissolved in water, since it contributes to pipe corrosion.
2. Removal of ash on the outer walls of the firebox should be carried out periodically (as it accumulates).
3. Currently, the operation of steam boilers is controlled by automatic systems built on semiconductor electronic circuits. At home, the operation of the boiler (starting, turning off and adjusting fuel consumption) is controlled manually.

Thus, steam boilers are capable of providing heat, hot water and electricity (we are talking about thermal power plants) to entire blocks of residential buildings, and can also work in individual households. In the latter case, you can do it yourself, since you do not depend on the central heating and supply system hot water, set the boiler operating time and temperature conditions.

This will allow you to significantly reduce heating and hot water costs. Moreover, these devices are easy to operate and require minimal human intervention. Boilers are also very safe devices, since they are equipped with special systems that prevent emergency situations!

ABOUTWithObennOWithTAnd ToOnWithTRatTotsII:

A boiler with flame inversion consists of a cylindrical firebox with a washed bottom, in which a flame is formed and combustion products are inverted. Flue gases enter the tube bundle of the front tube sheet and are directed

towards the rear tube sheet, from which the flue gases enter the collection box, and then into the chimney. The boiler provides low surface heat loads in the combustion chamber.

TOopPatWith Tofrom: made of high quality steel and consists of a cylindrical firebox with a washed bottom. All materials have certificates confirming

their chemical and mechanical characteristics. Quality control is carried out at every stage of production. Welding is performed by qualified, certified personnel and is subject to non-destructive methods of quality control of welded joints. After manufacture, the boilers are subjected to hydraulic tests in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 7.4 of Annex I of Directive 2014/68/UE (PED).

DthOGARnse TRatbs: made of high quality steel, welded to tube sheets. The pipes are equipped with spiral steel turbulators.

PeRednII twoRb: made of steel sheet, completely covered with a layer of insulation and a layer of fire-resistant material. The boiler door is equipped with hinges. The hinges provide easy adjustment and quick opening. To control combustion, the door has a self-cleaning sight glass.

ZAdnII dsmOVAI kameRA: made of welded steel sheet, bolted to the rear tube plate to allow removal. It is equipped with an appropriate cleaning door and a horizontal chimney (vertical on request) of a suitable diameter for the power of the generator. The smoke chamber can be connected to an external heater.

ABOUTWithnOvanno: steel frame welded to tube sheets and covered with steel sheets.

Maintenance platform: located in the upper part of the boiler, made of corrugated steel sheet. On request it is equipped with handrails and stairs.

ANDhOlItsAndI: made of 100 mm thick mineral wool, protected on the outside by painted cladding.

1. 1. Boiler body 2. Boiler door
2. 3. Control cabinet 4. Instrument group
3. 5. Main steam valve
4. 6. PSK (supplied in 2 pieces) 7. Flue gas collection chamber
5. 8. Drainage
6. 9. Group of 2 feed pumps
7. 10. Connection for salt control (TDS)
8. 11. Level indicator (2 pcs.)

WITHTAndAverballye aboutRatdovation: (2) Main steam valve

Spring safety valves - 2 pcs.

Two direct-acting level indicators with flange connections, with drain and shut-off valves.

Pressure gauge, with a three-way valve for checking the pressure gauge - 1 pc.

Safety pressure switch, CE PED certified, with manual reset in the control cabinet - 1 pc. Working pressure switch - 1 pc.

Adjustable pressure switch for two-stage or sensor for modulating burners - 1 pc.

"Emergency minimum level" regulator with self-diagnosis for blocking the burner, with manual restart in the control cabinet, CE certified - 2 pcs.

Level sensor for ON-OFF control of feed pumps - 2 pcs.

Group of two feed pumps - 1 pc. Feed circuit fittings and piping kit.

Automatic level control group. Manual bottom blow valve - 1 pc. Upper inspection hatch - 1 pc.

Integrated steam dryer for high quality steam.

Plate for mounting the burner.

Carbon steel turbulators. Lifting eyes.

Control cabinet IP55, 400 volts / 3 phases / 50 Hz. Documentation set:

Manufacturer's declaration in accordance with Annex VII of European Directive 2014/68/UE (PED)

Installation instructions and service- Component safety certificates.

Electrical diagrams of the control cabinet and Declaration of Conformity for associated components.

Water characteristics: requirements regarding the quality of heating water, boiler water, frequency and type of periodic tests.

Additional equipment on order:

"Maximum Safe Level" Kit

Salinity control kit

Automatic bottom blow kit

Kit “24 or 72 hours of operation without maintenance personnel” for a standard steam boiler.

EC (Gas) / EC (Oil) Economizer Kit - Pre-drilled burner mounting plate

Gas or powered liquid fuel burner.

Steam injector for emergency power supply of a steam boiler

(2) Quantity and model may vary depending on configuration.

Models	W	L	H	A	B	C	D	E	ø	T1	T2	T3	T4	Empty weight boiler	General weight
	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm	mm					kg	kg
300	1474	2320	1820	780	1550	815	635	1333	219	DN32	DN40	DN25	DN25	1620	2145
400	1474	2320	1820	780	1550	815	635	1333	219	DN32	DN40	DN25	DN25	1620	2145
500	1861	2530	1940	860	1750	880	695	1453	258	DN40	DN40	DN25	DN25	2010	2770
600	1861	2530	1940	860	1750	880	695	1453	258	DN40	DN40	DN25	DN25	2010	2770
800	1996	2900	2077	950	2120	935	745	1593	358	DN50	DN40	DN25	DN25	2830	3910
1000	1996	2900	2077	950	2120	935	745	1593	358	DN50	DN40	DN25	DN25	2830	3910
1250	2126	3259	2294	1090	2526	1015	860	1783	408	DN65	DN40	DN25	DN25	3710	5265
1500	2126	3259	2294	1090	2526	1015	860	1783	408	DN65	DN40	DN25	DN25	3710	5265
1750	2246	3559	2422	1200	2750	1170	905	1918	408	DN65	DN40	DN25	DN40	4610	6615
2000	2246	3559	2422	1200	2750	1170	905	1918	408	DN65	DN40	DN25	DN40	4610	6615
2500	2296	3640	2774	1470	2830	1405	1080	2243	508	DN80	DN40	DN32	DN40	6560	9450
3000	2296	3640	2774	1470	2830	1405	1080	2243	508	DN80	DN40	DN32	DN40	6560	9450
3500	2296	4140	2774	1470	3330	1405	1080	2243	508	DN80	DN40	DN32	DN40	7650	11020
4000	2756	4107	3031	1700	3300	1500	1170	2473	608	DN100	DN40	DN32	DN40	8980	13135
5000	2856	4590	3173	1800	3800	1525	1195	2548	658	DN125	DN50	DN32	DN40	10540	16340
6000	3026	4810	3315	1850	4003	1600	1210	2618	658	DN150	DN50	DN40	DN40	11750	18510

Models	Steam production activity	Nominal power*	Maximum power OR**	Max. Working pressure	Content water by level	General volume	∆P Aerodynamic resistance HP	Nozzle length burners min.	Diameter nozzles burners max.
	kg/h	kW	kW	bar	l	l	mbar	mm	mm
300	300	204	226,7	12	540	730	2,2	340	210
400	400	273	303,3	12	540	730	2,6	340	210
500	500	341	378,9	12	820	1030	2,8	340	240
600	600	409	454,4	12	820	1030	3,5	340	240
800	800	560	622,2	12	1080	1500	3,8	380	240
1000	1000	700	777,8	12	1080	1500	4,2	380	240
1250	1250	852	946,7	12	1555	2195	4,5	400	280
1500	1500	1022	1135,6	12	1555	2195	5,1	400	280
1750	1750	1193	1325,6	12	2005	2810	5,5	420	280
2000	2000	1363	1514,4	12	2005	2810	6	420	280
2500	2500	1704	1893,3	12	2890	3950	6,8	420	360
3000	3000	2045	2272,2	12	2890	3950	7	420	360
3500	3500	2386	2651,1	12	3370	4600	7,3	450	360
4000	4000	2726	3028,9	12	4155	5780	8	450	400
5000	5000	3408	3786,7	12	5800	7730	8,8	450	400
6000	6000	4089	4543,3	12	6760	8600	8,8	450	420

* at feed water temperature = 80°C and pressure = 12 bar

**Depending on operating pressure and generator load

EFFECTANDINONI WARMINAI IZOLYATSII characterized by:

High overall thickness. Consists of two layers of mineral wool

Each layer is covered with aluminum foil

REVERSIVEE ABOUTTKRYTIE DOORAND

hinges and tightening bolts are adjustable in all directions X

SITEA DLI SERVICEINANANDI

Andh RAndflenOGO lAndWithTA, RAWithPOlOandenA V VeRXneth hAWithTAnd ToOTlA

UPRAWESOMEE ELECTRICALTOABOUTE CONNECTION

quick connectors

ShTOAFY UPRABLENII

electromechanical and electronic, with the possibility

extensions

INARIANTY EQUIPMENTI

one-, two-, three-stage and modulating burners

IMPLEMENTMYE FUNTOCANDAND

The control cabinet and boiler are designed to integrate additional components, including onto an already installed boiler

GLADTOANDE TRUBY

Smooth smoke tubes - for gas operation, diesel fuel and fuel oil. To improve heat transfer, there are spiral turbulators inside the pipes.

Standardly installed for steam boilers,

operating on gas, diesel fuel and fuel oil.

Fire-tube steam boilers, three-pass, horizontal.

Technical characteristics of liquid fuel steam boilers:

	KP-0.3 L.Zh.	KP-0.7 L.Zh.	KP-0.9 L.Zh.
			(analogous to D-900)
, no less
Fuel type	Liquid fuel
Working steam pressure, MPa
Fuel consumption, no more, kg/hour
(liquid heating oil, diesel fuel)
(length height width)	2140 / 2150 / 1700	2500 / 2150 / 1700	2950 / 2200 / 2000
	0,34

Technical characteristics of natural gas steam boilers:

	KP-0.3Gn	KP-0.7Gn	KP-0.9Gn
		(analogous to D-721GF)	(analogous to D-900)
Fuel type	Natural gas
Working steam pressure, MPa
Steam outlet temperature, not less than C 0
Fuel consumption, no more:
Natural gas, m 3 /hour
Overall dimensions, without burner, no more, mm
(length height width)	2140 / 2150 / 1700	2500 / 2150 / 1700	2750 / 2150 / 1700
Boiler weight, kg (without mounting parts)
Burner with a capacity of at least MW

Fire tube steam boilers, three-pass, vertical.

The boilers are designed to heat water at temperatures up to 115 o C, due to a built-in superheater with an excess pressure of 0.07 MPa (0.7 kg/cm2) for the purpose of heat supply to technological processes in production. agricultural (feed production), construction and installation (asphalt - concrete), communal (heating, hot water supply using a boiler), food (baking, dairy, sausage, confectionery), woodworking The boilers are easy to maintain and do not require significant operating costs.

Technical characteristics of steam boilers using liquid fuel and natural gas:

	KP-300 L.Zh.V.	KP-500 L.Zh.V.	KP-300 Gn.V	KP-500 Gn.V
Steam capacity, kg/hour
Type of fuel	liquid oven	liquid oven	natural gas	natural gas
Working pressure, MPa
Steam temperature, C O
Fuel consumption, kg/hour
Overall dimensions, mm	without burner	without burner	without burner	without burner
(length height width)	2400 / 2400 / 1900	2400 / 2600 / 1900	2400 / 2400 / 1900	2400 / 2600 / 1900
Availability factor
Burner with a capacity of at least MW
Weight, kg

Steam boilers KP (STEAM) low pressure.

Technical characteristics of steam boilers KP (STEAM) -0.07Zh using liquid fuel:

Boiler brand	CP (PAR) - 0.15 - 0.07 F	CP (PAR) - 0.3 - 0.07 F	CP (PAR) - 0.5 - 0.07 F	CP (PAR) - 0.7 - 0.07 F
Steam productivity, t/hour
Fuel type	Diesel fuel
Max. fuel consumption, kg/h
Time to reach operating mode min.
Steam outlet temperature
(LxWxH), mm	1750x1350x1450	1900x1450x1550	2500x1750x1850	2850x1750x1850
Boiler weight without water, kg

Technical characteristics of steam boilers KP (STEAM) -0.07G on gas:

Boiler brand	CP (PAR) - 0.15 - 0.07 G	CP (PAR) - 0.3 - 0.07 G	CP (PAR) - 0.5 - 0.07 G	CP (PAR) - 0.7 - 0.07 G
Steam capacity, t/hour
Fuel type	Natural gas low pressure
Fuel consumption m 3 /hour (gas)
Est. electric motor power, kW
Permissible excess steam pressure, MPa (kgf/cm2)
Time to reach operating mode, min.
Steam outlet temperature
Dimensions (without burner) (LxWxH), mm	1750x1350x1450	1900x1450x1550	2500x1750x1850	2850x1750x1850
Boiler weight without water, kg

Symbols using the example of KP (PAR) - 0.15 - 0.07 Zh:

0.15 - Maximum steam output, tons of steam per hour,
0.07 - Steam pressure, mPa,
F - Fuel type (F - liquid, G - gas, T - solid fuel, P - heating oil, 0 - waste oil).

High pressure KP (STEAM) steam boilers.

Technical characteristics of steam boilers KP (PAR) -1.6Zh using liquid fuel and natural gas:

	CP (PAR) -0,3 -1,6	CP (PAR) -0,75 -1,6	CP (PAR) -1,0 -1,6	CP (PAR) -1,6 -1,6	CP (PAR) -2,0 -1,6	CP (PAR) -2,5 -1,6
Steam capacity, kg/h
Type of fuel	Low pressure natural gas 20-360 mBr. Diesel fuel
Firebox type	Fire tube, with reverse flame development
Heating surface, m 2
Thermal power, kW
Fuel consumption:
liquid, max., kg/h natural gas, max., m 3 / h
Volume, m3:
Water Steam
Working pressure, MPa
Nominal steam temperature at the boiler outlet, °C
Overall dimensions (without burner), mm Length Width Height	1950 2000 2000	2850 2000 2000	3150 2000 2000	3400 2300 2400	4050 2300 2400	5200 2300 2400
Boiler weight without water, kg

Steam boilers KP, KSP.

Technical characteristics of KP and KSP liquid fuel boilers:

	KP-300Lzh	KSP-300Lzh	KSP-500Lzh	KSP-850Lzh	KSP-1000Lzh
Steam capacity, kg/hour
Working steam pressure, MPa
Steam temperature, C
	80, no less
dimensions
Length, mm
Width, mm
Height, mm
Product weight, kg
Fuel used	Household stove TU 38.101.656, diesel
Burner device
Nominal fuel consumption, l/h
Firebox parameters
length/height, mm
Diameter, mm
Volume, m3
Boiler water volume, m 3
Steam volume of the boiler, m 3
Furnace pipe
diameter/length, mm
Heating area, sq.m

Technical characteristics of KP and KSP boilers running on natural gas:

	KP-300Gn	KSP-300Gn	KSP-500Gn	KSP-850Gn	KSP-1000 Gn;Gs
Steam capacity, kg/hour
Working steam pressure, MPa
Steam temperature, C
	80, no less
dimensions
Length, mm
Width, mm
Height, mm
Product weight, kg
Est. electrical equipment power, kW
Fuel used	Natural gas GOST 5542-87
Burner device
Nominal fuel consumption, kg/h	21.5 cubic meters/h		36.5 cubic meters/h	85.84 cubic meters/h
Firebox parameters
length/height, mm
Diameter, mm
Volume, m3
Boiler water volume, cubic m
Boiler steam volume, cubic meters
Furnace pipe
diameter/length, mm
Heating area, sq.m

Design and principle of operation of KP, KSP boilers.

Fire-tube steam boilers KP low and medium pressure.

Fire tube steam boilers KP designed to produce steam for the purpose of heat supply to technological processes, reinforced concrete plants, polystyrene foam production lines, steaming of tanks and fuel and lubricant storage facilities, livestock farms and economic complexes: thermal processing of feed, pasteurization of milk, heating of premises and other purposes.

The standard boiler package includes:
boiler, burner, make-up pump, level automatics, level sensor unit, pressure gauge, pressure switch, direct-acting water level indicator No. 6, safety valves (2 pcs.), shut-off control valves.

Technical characteristics of low and medium pressure steam boilers:

	KP-75	KP-100	KP-150	KP-250	KP-300	KP-500	KP-600	KP-800	KP-1000
System power, kW
Steam capacity, kg/hour
Mains voltage, V/Hz
Working pressure, kg/cm2
Steam temperature, o C
Fuel consumption,
Diesel, l/h Gas, m 3 / h	5.5 6.6	7.7 9.3	11 13.3	16.4 20	21.9 26.2	32.8 40.9	43.8 54.5	60 73
Efficiency (efficiency),%
Steam output Ø, mm
Water inlet Ø, mm
Exhaust pipe Ø, mm
Weight, kg
Dimensions (WxDxH), mm	1370x1730 x1974	1370x1730 x1974	1370x1730 x1974	1370x1730 x1974	1370x1730 x1974	1970x1930 x1974	1970x2000 x2095	1970x2010 x2300	3000x2200 x2200

It is possible to supply boilers with a steam output of up to 2000 kg/h.

High-pressure water-tube steam boilers KP.

Water tube steam boilers KP are designed to produce steam for the purpose of heat supply to technological processes, polystyrene foam production lines, steaming of tanks and fuel and lubricant storage facilities, livestock farms and economic complexes: heat treatment of feed, milk pasteurization, space heating, etc.

The standard boiler package includes:
boiler, burner, make-up pump, feed tank for collecting condensate, automatic make-up, water level sensor in the tank, pressure gauges, pressure and dry-running switches, direct-acting water level indicator, safety valves (2 pcs.), frame, shut-off control valves.

Technical characteristics of high pressure steam boilers:

	KP-150	KP-250	KP-300	KP-500	KP-600	KP-800	KP-1000	KP-1600
System power, kW
Steam capacity, kg/hour
Mains voltage, V/Hz
Working pressure, kg/cm2
Steam temperature, o C
Fuel consumption,
Diesel, l/h
Gas, m 3 / h
Efficiency (efficiency),%
Steam output Ø, mm
Water inlet Ø, mm
Exhaust pipe Ø, mm
Weight, kg
Dimensions (WxDxH), mm	2300x1500 x2000	2300x1500 x2000	2300x1500 x2000	2300x1500 x2000	2300x1500 x2000	2300x1500 x2400	2300x1500 x2400	2300x1500 x2400

It is possible to supply boilers with a steam output of up to 2500 kg/h.

Attention! All information is provided on the site for informational purposes only. The manufacturer reserves the right to change the design, connecting dimensions, specifications, appearance goods without prior notice.

Before purchasing a product, be sure to clarify the parameters you are interested in.

Mobile (portable) steam boilers KP-m.

Portable boilers PKM are designed to produce water steam at temperatures up to +180ºС. They are used for the production of reinforced concrete products, heating of trenches, equipment, machinery during low temperatures And field conditions, at emergency situations, as well as in cases where an autonomous source of heat and steam is needed that does not require a source of electricity. Type of fuel - gasoline, kerosene, diesel. fuel.

The steam generator kit includes:
boiler, burner, make-up pump, level automatics, level sensor unit, direct-acting water level indicator No. 5, safety valves, shut-off control valves.

Available in an insulated thermal box.

Technical characteristics of mobile steam boilers PK-m:

	KP-25m	KP-35m	KP-50m	KP-70m	KP-100m	KP-150m	KP-250m	KP-300m	KP-500m	KP-1000m
System power, kW
Steam output, kg/hour
Working pressure, kg/cm2
Steam temperature, ºС
Fuel consumption, l/h
Efficiency (efficiency),%
Outlet hole, mm
Weight, kg
Dimensions (WxDxH), mm

Steam boilers D-900, D-721GF.

Boilers D-721GF and D-900 designed to produce steam at a temperature not higher than 115 °C with an excess pressure of up to 0.07 MPa (0.7 kgf/cm2) to supply technological processes various types production, hot water supply, heating and other purposes. Advantages of boilers D-721GF, D-900: They do not require registration with boiler inspection authorities. The small size of the boilers allows them to be installed in small rooms. Time to enter operating mode is 15 minutes. The boilers are easy to maintain and operate. They are indispensable in small-scale industries and farms.

Technical characteristics of boilers D-721GF, D-900:

	D-721-GF
	Stationary, horizontal, smoke-burning, three-way	Stationary, horizontal, smoke-burning, three-way
Operating mode according to the main technological process	Auto	Auto
Steam capacity for normal steam, kg/h.
Thermal power, kW, not less
Efficiency, %, not less
Steam parameters: - permissible excess pressure, MPa (kgf/cm2) - temperature at iz. pressure above 0.05 MPa	0,07 (0,7) no higher than 115°С	0,07 (0,7) no higher than 115°С
Type of fuel	Natural gas low pressure	Heating fuel liquid
Fuel consumption, kg/h	no more than 64	no more than 63.5
	Electric 3 phase. 50 Hz, 220/380 V	Electric 3 phase. 50 Hz, 220/380 V
Installed electric drive power: - burners, kW - water treatment systems, kW	2,2 0.85 x 2 = 1.7	2,2 0.85 x 2 = 1.7
Service life before write-off, years not less
Warranty period of operation, years, not less
Weight (without mounting parts), kg, no more
Specific material consumption, kg/kg steam, no more
Overall dimensions, mm, no more - length - width - height (without chimney)	3300 1400 2250	3180 1460 2600
Number of explosion valves, pcs.
Number of inspection hatches, pcs.
Safety valve: - type Brand - quantity, pcs	self-polishing, linkless, cargo KPS-0.7-810 2	self-lapping, leverless, cargo KPS-0.7-810 2
Level sensor type	Electrode (3 electrodes)	Electrode (3 electrodes)
Air and gas pressure control sensors	Pressure meters NPM-52
Time to reach operating mode, h, not less
Heated area, m2

Steam boilers for fuel oil and gas E-1.0-09GM, E-1.6-0.9GMN, E-2.5-0.9GM.

Steam water tube boilers of the "E" series designed to produce saturated steam working pressure 0.8 MPa (8 kgf/cm2) and temperature 175°C, used for technological and heating needs. The lineup The boilers are designed to operate on gas, coal, fuel oil (crude oil), and diesel fuel. Significant difference of these boilers is that they are equipped with modern auxiliary equipment: burner devices for smooth load control, centrifugal feed pumps (Germany, Italy), microprocessor control and protection system, cut-off gas valves and pressure sensors (Germany). The use of reliable auxiliary equipment allows us to guarantee economical operation of boilers at all load modes, as well as reliability and safety during operation.

Technical parameters of steam boilers of the "E" series:

	E-1.0-0.9G -Z(E)	E-1.0-0.9M -Z(E)	E-1.6-0.9GMN(E)		E-2.5-0.9GM (E)
Nom. steam capacity, t/h, not less
Operating steam pressure at the outlet, MPa (kgf/cm2), no more
Estimated fuel		Fuel oil		Fuel oil	Gas, fuel oil
Estimated fuel consumption, no more
Efficiency, % not less
Position control
Smooth regulation
Feedwater temperature (calculated), °C
Installed electrical power, kW
Boiler weight, kg no more
Boiler dimensions, m no more

Steam boiler E-1.6-0.9GMN belongs to the type of vertical water-tube double-drum gas-tight boilers. Designed to produce saturated steam at a pressure of 0.8 MPa, used for production and heating needs of industry and Agriculture. Supplied assembled, with mounted auxiliary equipment, system automatic control and safety.

The boiler is gas-tight with lightweight thermal insulation, externally covered with sheet steel casing.

The automatic control system provides the following functions:

• start by given program and all protections in accordance with the requirements of SNiP;
• protection when steam pressure increases, fuel pressure increases and decreases, water level in the drum increases and decreases, vacuum decreases and increases in the furnace, and the torch goes out.

The design of the pipe system of steam boilers can withstand short-term pressure in the furnace up to 3000 Pa and vacuum in the furnace up to 400 Pa.
In terms of stability and exposure to ambient temperature and humidity, steam boilers are manufactured in the UHL climatic version of location category 4 according to GOST 15150. The design of the boilers ensures seismic resistance of 6 points on the M5K-64 scale.

Installation of KP and KSP boilers.

The body is the main metal structure of the KSP boiler and consists of two main units: the drum and the cover.

• The drum is a welded structure, the main part of which is a flame pipe, installed vertically and bounded at the top by an elliptical arch, and at the bottom by a bottom to which the drum frame is attached.
• The spherical cover is connected to the drum through a gasket via flanges. The following are welded on the cover: connection pipe for the impulse line of the electric contact pressure gauge, brackets for fastening the casing, brackets for lifting the cover, pipes for fastening the safety valves.

In addition, the boiler includes:

• Firebox hatch - for supplying fuel to the boiler furnace and removing slag. (In boilers using liquid and gaseous fuel, instead of a fire hatch, a removable heat-insulated adapter with fastening for the burner is installed. The damper drive is manually controlled.)
• Water treatment unit - for replenishing the boiler with water with simultaneous magnetic treatment to reduce the formation of scale.
• Water heater - for preheating the water entering the boiler.
• Smoke exhauster - to create the necessary draft in the boiler furnace.
• Level sensor - to give a command to turn on and off the water supply to the boiler during operation.

Instrumentation and safety devices:

• Electric contact pressure gauge EKM-IVx1.6 - to turn off the smoke exhauster when the steam reaches maximum pressure.
• Pressure gauge - pressure control.
• Technical thermometer - for monitoring the temperature of steam leaving the superheater.
• Test and drain valves - for duplicating control of the upper and lower water levels in the boiler.
• Water level indicator - for visual monitoring of the water level during boiler operation.
• Safety valves - to relieve pressure in the boiler when the permissible value is exceeded.
• Explosion valve - for boiler Lzh, Gn; to prevent deformation of the housing at the moment of explosion of the fuel mixture: Gn - low pressure natural gas, Lz - light liquid fuel.
• Four sections of chimney and spark arrestor.
• Thermal insulation and cladding - to reduce heat losses.
• Steam valve DN=50 - for regulating steam pressure and selection by the consumer.
• Purge valves - for removing sludge, dirt and draining water when installing the boiler for storage.
• Control box together with electrical equipment - to control the operation of the boiler and protect it in case of emergency situations.

Operating principle of CP and KSP

The technological process of steam generation in a solid fuel boiler is as follows:

1. Water is supplied through the water treatment unit and the water heater to the boiler, where, passing through the heat exchange surfaces of the firebox and smoke pipes, it is heated and evaporated.
2. The fuel is loaded into the boiler furnace onto the grate and ignited with a torch.
3. The smoke exhauster creates a vacuum in the firebox, due to which the air necessary for combustion enters the firebox from the under-grid zone (ash pan).
4. Flue gases, passing through the gas path of the boiler, heat its heat exchange surfaces.
5. Steam from the steam volume of the boiler enters the superheater, is heated to a temperature of 110...120 °C and is supplied to the consumer through the steam valve.
6. Ash and slag fall through the holes of the grate into the ash pit, from where they are removed as they accumulate.
7. The sludge formed during water evaporation is removed by periodically purging the boiler through purge valves located in the lower part of the boiler on both sides of the ash pan.
8. Carrying out technological process steam generation, with automatic regulation of water supply, is carried out by the electrical equipment of the boiler.
9. The technological process of steam generation in Lzh, Gn boilers occurs in a similar way, with the exception of paragraph 3; 6. In this case, combustion air is supplied along with the fuel.