Variety of cultural events. Methodology for holding mass events

Carrying out the typology of the modern socio-cultural technological complex, we partially relied on the one proposed by A.V. Sokolov the structure of the modern socio-cultural system.

In the structure of socio-cultural technologies, there are three main groups:

• 1) traditional technologies that together constitute the cultural heritage of the past;
• 2) elite technologies that are created, stored, used and replicated by the cultural elite;
• 3) mass technologies designed for mass socio-cultural communities, for their inherent manifestations of the mass mentality.

A cultural event in all its diversity and all varieties is an unusually complex cultural phenomenon. Its complexity can be judged at least by the fact that over the past 100 years, approaches to its organization have varied repeatedly. How to get the most out of a cultural event? It is quite natural that there is no single model and cannot be. But there is a common methodological problem: we often forget that there are no trifles in the club business. Each technique and each cultural and leisure technology must be comprehended comprehensively.

A mass event is a gathering of people planned in advance and determined by place, time, number of participants and reasons, which has the character of a holiday, cultural or promotional event, or business meeting.

Depending on the goals and objectives, mass events can be divided into the following types:

• 1. Cultural, sports and entertainment: concerts, sports competitions, festive performances.
• 2. Advertising and commercial (fairs, presentations, sales, etc.).
• 3. Business meetings and receptions of business partners (meetings of shareholders, as well as other meetings and receptions held in the form of a buffet, buffet or cocktail).
• 4. Other mass events: these include weddings, banquets and meetings on the occasion of various anniversaries, celebrations.

• - organization of an exhibition exposition of several dozen firms with samples of their products and advertising of their services;
• - conducting a presentation of companies during the fair, which consists in presenting a company or its new product;
• - short speeches by the heads of firms and their leading specialists, in which the guests of the exhibition or presentation are offered the results and plans for the activities of the company and its products;
• - holding a sale of fair samples and a certain number of products and products of the company;
• - supplementing the business part of the fair and the presentation with an entertainment program, concert performances and treats for guests.

Particular methods of socio-cultural activity include methods of mass, group and individual forms of influence.

Mastering the methodology for preparing and conducting mass forms of socio-cultural activity determines the level of creative and organizational abilities of specialists, because mass forms are the most time-consuming and difficult to organize and conduct.

Mass forms of social and cultural activities are active and are an effective way of forming public opinion. In each mass form of socio-cultural activity, there are 4 main components of the methodology; content, composition, a set of means of artistic influence, the audience and its location in space.

Holidays are associated with mass character, a large number of people. Mass forms involve a large number of people simultaneously and equally participating in the educational, recreational activities of a leisure institution.

Characteristic features of the mass audience:

• - The composition of the mass audience is unstable, it changes from event to event even during one action.
• - With a significant similarity of aspirations and interests of the mass audience, it consists of people who are noticeably different from each other. Even a relatively homogeneous audience (high school students' evenings, professional holidays) brings together people of different tastes, inclinations, and interests.
• - In general, the factor of publicity is favorable for a formative impact, but imposes some restrictions, so in the content of mass forms, priority should be given to issues, topics that affect the general view and feelings.

Organizational and methodological features of mass events: the popularity of the presentation of facts, the means and methods of activating the audience should have a strong emotional coloring, episodes are carefully developed, which are built on common actions, gathered, on a vivid manifestation of common feelings.

The audience of mass events must be purposefully formed. Only in some cases (holidays, festivities, fairs) everyone is invited.

The mass form has an upper and lower limit depending on the form of the event, (for example: the audience of the debate must be large so that different points of view are presented. But by gathering too large an audience, you can disrupt the dispute, everyone will not express their opinion) Stabilization of the mass audience should be subject of constant concern. If the event was dry, formal, then at the next meeting you will again deal with an unstable audience.

Forms of mass audience organization:

• - lectures, reports, information; conferences;
• - excursions, concerts, performances, disputes;
• - evenings of rest, mass holidays, processions, demonstrations;
• - mass celebrations, carnivals, auctions;
• - festivals, disco, competitions, intellectual game programs;
• - show programs.

Group forms of work.

The obvious difference between group forms and mass forms is the number, but this is not the main feature. It is difficult to draw the exact line (a lecture for 25 and a conversation for 25 people).

Signs of group forms of work:

• - The composition is characterized by significant homogeneity (education, age), common interests.
• - an important indicator - the individual characteristics of people, the main thing is their socio-psychological attitude (likes and dislikes, leadership)
• - mass forms create favorable conditions for the manifestation of emotions, then group forms of work are aimed primarily at cognitive interests, search, creative forms of activity.
• - group forms arise, as a rule, on the basis of professional or age interests (the specifics of local conditions matter);
• - group forms provide an opportunity for contact of each with each. It is easier to overcome the barrier of uncertainty in their abilities.

The methodology for preparing group forms of socio-cultural activity is characterized, first of all, by a special ease of atmosphere, communication with each other. When preparing the planned program, it is important to ensure that its content and form correspond to the real possibilities of a cultural institution, because the methodology of group forms requires accurate accounting of premises, equipment, inventory, and the availability of material resources.

The methodology for preparing group forms involves: studying the patterns of the creative process in creative teams and amateur associations.

The methodology of group forms has a structure that, by combining public and personal interests, creates an optimal microclimate, contributes to the education of team members, allows you to provide a general focus on the content of the participants' activities. When organizing group forms of work, it is necessary to take into account: national, age, professional characteristics.

In the team of artistic creativity and amateur associations, participants realize their creative potential through joint creative and socially useful activities. Public reports on the results of their work and the possibility of evaluation by viewers. The combination of educational, creative and social tasks contributes to the creation of "one's own" psychological atmosphere in the team. A significant place in the activities of such groups is occupied by the holding of concerts, festivals, competitions, reviews. An analysis of the activities of creative associations shows that the level of content of their classes is significantly high, they often act as subjects of the technological process. In associations, there is an interchange of knowledge, skills and abilities of participants.

Group forms of organization:

• - conversation, consultation, creative meeting, quiz,
• - club associations, creative teams;
• - teams of scientific and technical creativity,
• - mugs of applied art.

Initiative groups:

Club lounge, music room, business games, auction.

Combination of mass and group forms of work:

A rational combination of mass and group forms of work can not only expand the reach of the audience, but also enrich the impact on visitors. The sequential inclusion of the same people either in group or in mass forms of work can go in 2 main options:

"From the group to the masses" The success of many holidays, contests, disputes, concerts depends to a decisive extent on the bright emotional reactions of the audience, on the preparation of the organizers, participants in amateur performances.

The method "from the mass to the group" the main task of this method is to stabilize the interest of the group and further include them in the active life of the institution.

A private method of individual influence in cultural and leisure institutions involves: a conscious, purposeful impact on each individual in order to reveal his inner world, identify his spiritual needs and interests. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account:

• - social, national characteristics;
• - psychological and emotional traits;
• - age and demographic data;
• - educational and professional qualities of the individual.

The technique of individual influence on a personality brings the greatest results when it is based on a differentiated approach to different types of personality.

A necessary condition for the methodology of individual influence is also the creation of conditions in cultural and leisure institutions to meet the daily interests and requests of visitors. The visitor should always find in cultural and leisure institutions what he may be interested in: socializing with friends in a cozy atmosphere, billiard rooms, game rooms, cafes, a reading room, a computer room, a gym and (unorganized leisure). One of the forms of individual work is the creation of an information desk on the basis of cultural and leisure institutions (work schedule, selection of consultants on duty, a register of incoming questions). Consultants can be: lawyers, psychologists, teachers, doctors, employees of state bodies , department of social security) A significant place in the methodology of SKD is occupied by individual classes, which are held by amateur art groups (circles of applied art - carving, embossing, embroidery)

Conclusion: the methodology of individual exposure consists of the following elements:

A comprehensive study of personality and the definition of basic forms.

Consider the structure of the analysis of a cultural event:

• 1. Presentation of the event. This item contains general information about the event: its name, serial number, level, frequency, category of participants, form of holding, etc.
• 2. Date of the event.

This parameter is also analyzed in terms of the timeliness of the action. In the case of a thematic or calendar event, as well as an event aimed at memorializing a person or a significant action, in addition to setting the date itself, an analysis is made of the compliance of this date with the theme of the cultural event.

3. Time of the event.

Here, an analysis is made of the correspondence of the time of day chosen for the event, taking into account its convenience for the target audience and the theme of the event.

4. The purpose of the event.

It describes not only the goal itself, but also provides an analysis of its consistency and realism, the correspondence of this goal to the theme of the event. Also in this paragraph, the structuring of the tasks that must be completed to achieve the goal is made.

5. Analysis of the structure of the event.

The successful use of the form of a cultural event is analyzed (festival, review, competition, exhibition, performance, concert, lecture hall, people's university, theme evening, oral journal, folk festivals, ceremonies and rituals, evening of rest, disco, youth ball, carnival, children's matinee, game program, etc.); the organicity of the forms used in combination with each other; artistic expressiveness and artistic level, originality of the director's decision, the use of modern technical means of cultural and leisure activities.

• 6. Performance indicators of priority areas of club activity. These indicators can be divided into the following:
  • a) Enlightenment.

The assessment of this indicator contains an answer to the question: were various areas of cultural and educational activities used in the preparation of the event: aesthetic education; patriotic education; moral, legal, ecological, etc.?

b) Leisure activities.

Here you should indicate which categories of the population this event is aimed at (children, the elderly, youth, the disabled, participants in hostilities, people in difficult life situations, etc.).

c) The development of genres of folk art.

It tells what genres of folk art and their directions are mainly used in the construction of a cultural event (theatrical, folklore, musical, choreographic, amateur art, etc.).

d) Preservation of traditional folk culture!

It says what material for the preservation of traditional folk culture was used for this event (artifacts, epics, tales, a special manner of sound extraction, instruments that exist in the area, records of folklore expeditions, etc.).

7. Quantitative indicators. The quantitative indicators of the spent and attracted resources (human resources, financial, information) are analyzed from the point of view of their relationship in the periodic change of this event.

In the proposed structure of the analysis, the most commonly used indicators of the activities of cultural institutions of the club type are given, although they may vary depending on the specifics of accounting for cultural and leisure activities adopted in municipalities.

Quantitative indicators are best presented in the form of a table.

Table 4. Quantitative indicators of a cultural event

	Name of indicator	Planned value of the indicator	The actual value of the indicator	The ratio of actual and planned indicators,% (column 3/column 4 x 100%)	The ratio of the actual indicator with the same of the previous period
	The number of participants in the event. Of them:
	The number of spectators. Of them: children under 14; youth; elderly people
	Budget resources
	Extrabudgetary funds received through entrepreneurial activity
	Target funds and donations

8. Conclusions and suggestions. This is the final conclusion about the cultural event with the corresponding conclusions about the quality of its conduct and suggestions for improvement.

The analysis of a mass cultural event, carried out according to this form, replaces and details a simple certificate of the event, on the basis of which an entry is made in the register of mass events of a club-type cultural institution. Analyzing a cultural event allows you to create a database of ongoing events of the same type. This makes it possible to improve the quality of ongoing similar events, as well as to plan creative projects more efficiently based on the available statistics.

Conducting an analysis of a cultural event is a methodological function. In club-type cultural institutions with a large staffing, such as the inter-settlement (district) House of Culture or the city Palace of Culture, the staff list provides for the rate of a methodologist. In small institutions, this should be done by a specialist responsible for holding a cultural event. The proposed extended analysis structure allows differential analysis, which greatly facilitates the work of a specialist.

As readers probably know, last summer a law was passed that sharply toughened the responsibility for violations related to the holding of mass events. I also wrote about the circumstances of the adoption of this law.

However, the law was passed and signed. Among the various novels he introduced were:

"Organization of mass simultaneous stay and (or) movement of citizens in public places, which is not a public event, public calls for mass simultaneous stay and (or) movement of citizens in public places, or participation in mass simultaneous stay and (or) movement of citizens in public places, if the mass simultaneous stay and (or) movement of citizens in public places has caused a violation of public order or sanitary norms and rules, a violation of the functioning and safety of life support or communications facilities, or damage to green spaces, or interfered with the movement of pedestrians or vehicles or citizens' access to residential premises or objects of transport or social infrastructure...".

This article is quite revolutionary and, as follows from the circumstances of its adoption, is directed against actions like the "writers' walk around Moscow" that took place in May 2012 as a protest against the actions of law enforcement agencies. However, immediately after the adoption, the article took on a life of its own. And now, not even three months have passed since its adoption - and the author of these lines is participating in almost the first Russian process when someone is attracted under this article.

Perhaps the residents of St. Petersburg could even hear about this case - on June 25 this year, a number of fans of Michael Jackson, according to tradition (this is the day of his death), came to the US Consulate in St. Petersburg on Furshtatskaya Street to lay flowers, put candles and pay tribute memory of his work.

This good attempt ended with the fact that one of the fans was prosecuted under this article, accusing him of organizing a "mass simultaneous stay of citizens" that interfered with the movement of pedestrians or vehicles.

"Mass stay" - how much?

The first and key question of the case is placed in the subtitle. In fact, what is "mass sojourn"? The article itself () does not answer the question. But the lack of legal certainty is a very big shortcoming of the law. In the case we are considering, according to the police, about 15 people were present at the consulate - is this figure really associated with the word "mass" in our minds?

The author of these lines in his work on the case found only two small points of support for resolving the issue. First of all, this is Article 8 of the Law "On meetings, rallies, marches, demonstrations and pickets", amended by the same law that introduced Article 20.2.2 into the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. According to this article, the obligation of the authorities to establish "single specially designated ... for the mass presence of citizens for the public expression of public opinion ... places ". At the same time, the law should determine "the norms for their maximum occupancy and the maximum number of persons participating in public events, notification of which is not required, are established by the law of the subject of the Russian Federation, while the specified maximum number cannot be less than a hundred people.

Based on the totality of these norms, it seems to me that one can conclude that at least 100 people are required for a mass stay. This conclusion will gain additional weight when the relevant laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation begin to be adopted and come into force.

Another indirect reference may be Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 25, 2012 No. 390 "On the fire regime". Paragraph 5 of this Decree mentions objects "where 50 or more people can be at the same time, that is, with a mass stay of people." Can it be argued that for buildings and for open spaces, "mass gathering of people" should be significantly different?

What are the statute of limitations?

The second important legal issue to be resolved in court is the issue of limitation periods under this article. According to article 4.5. of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, "a ruling in a case on an administrative offense cannot be issued ... in a case on an administrative offense considered by a judge - after three months.

In our case, the controversial events took place on June 25, and the next meeting is scheduled for October 03. So what, win anyway?

Do not rush, the court says. We consider that the statute of limitations for this composition is one year - and refers to an excerpt from the same article 4.5.:

"for violating the law on meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and picketing - after one year."

However, it is precisely this position of the court that raises my doubts.

The fact is that the same chapter 20 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation contains an independent article 20.2, entitled "violation of the established procedure for organizing or holding a meeting, rally, demonstration, procession or picketing." At the same time, its title is fully consistent with the wording of Article 4.5. Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation, in contrast to the norm of Article 20.2.2.

The Law “On Assemblies…”, mentioned above, itself does not contain any legal regulation of “mass attendance of citizens”. It turns out an interesting situation. The relevant law does not give us guidelines for determining the number, as it does not regulate this area, at the same time we refer to it in order to justify the increase in the statute of limitations in the case. I do not agree with this position.

Well, let's wait for the official conclusions of the court on both issues, reflected in the judicial act that has entered into force, after which we will return to this, alas, which has become relevant, the issue.

Types of public events

A mass event is a gathering of people planned in advance and determined by place, time, number of participants and reasons, which has the character of a holiday, cultural or promotional event, or business meeting.

Depending on the tasks and tasks, public events can be divided into the following types:

1. Cultural, sports and entertainment: concerts, sports competitions, sports festivals, festive performances.

3. Business meetings and receptions of business partners (meetings of shareholders, as well as other meetings and receptions held in the form of a buffet, buffet or cocktail).

4. Other mass events: you can join them:

Organization of an exhibition exposition of several dozen companies with samples of their products and advertising of their services;

Carrying out a presentation of companies during the fair, which consists in presenting a company or its new product;

Short speeches by heads of firms and their leaders

specialists, in which the guests of the exhibition or presentation are offered the results and plans for the activities of the company and its products;

Carrying out the sale of fair samples and a certain number of products and products of the company;

Supplementing the business part of the fair and the presentation with an entertainment program, concert performances and treats for guests.

Business meetings, as a rule, are organized outside the office of the institution and the company. Holding a business meeting in an administrative building or in the company's office is associated with a whole range of inconveniences. Business people can meet their partners in a restaurant for a business lunch, and a company can organize a business reception in the form of a buffet, buffet or cocktail.

The organizers of the event, as well as the person in whose honor the business meeting (reception) is arranged, are always among the invited guests. All guests eat standing up. Cutlery is not served during the buffet reception. If plates are served, then large ones so that the guest can put his glass and the proposed snacks on such a plate. Snacks can be pinned on small hairpins. The portions are very small, they are taken by hand. Drinks and treats are served by waiters who walk around the hall with trays. A business reception-cocktail is somewhat similar to a buffet. Cocktail is arranged in the afternoon, between 17 and 18 hours. The cocktail lasts about two hours. Guests are greeted by the host of the evening, welcoming those who came to the reception. It is possible to arrive for a cocktail later than the deadline indicated in the invitation, but you must leave no later than the time that is defined as the deadline for the reception. On tables covered with tablecloths, wine glasses, glasses, glasses are set in groups. By the beginning of the reception, simple cocktails should be prepared. Drinks in tall dishes are placed in the center of the table, in low ones - at the edges of the table. Drinks should be enough for the whole evening. Refreshments are offered for drinks - cookies, nuts, cheese, diced cucumbers, small pies, small sandwiches. All food must be taken by hand. At the cocktail party, everyone communicates while standing.

The main purpose of business receptions is meetings, conversations, communication with different people. Guests, as a rule, do not sit at tables, even if there are chairs, move freely around the hall and have ample opportunity to communicate with all those invited. All this in a certain way affects the specifics of the protection of such events.

When guarding business receptions and meetings, the probability of passing without invitation cards is minimal. Meeting the host of the evening with his guests reduces this possibility to almost zero. To prevent conflicts, the invited party must discuss with their guests the issue of the presence of bodyguards of invited persons in the hall. If this does not significantly affect the number of guests, then the bodyguard may be with his client in the hall. If only persons well known to each other are present at the reception, then it makes sense to strengthen the external security of the building or premises with the help of bodyguards of invited persons.

Control over the behavior of persons at a business reception or meeting is significantly difficult. Guests do not sit still, but constantly move around the hall, approaching each other or to the table with drinks and refreshments. This imposes certain difficulties on the work of the security (security) staff of the host, since it is they who have to control the level of safety of drinks and treats, identify foreign objects in the hall, fix invitees who unexpectedly leave a reception or meeting, prevent minor conflicts that are ready to arise between drunken guests.

Festivals have been around for a long time. The festival is, in fact, a holiday. A holiday is one of the ways of self-expression. That is why, returning from a well-organized carnival or other entertainment event, we almost do not feel quite understandable physical fatigue, but, on the contrary, we feel an unprecedented inner uplift, a special spiritual fullness. The reason for this state is that the self-expression of a person in a holiday is, of course, the bestowal of strength, but at the same time the holiday fills him with a huge flow of energy for further accomplishments. This is how true creativity works. Glagolev A.I. Economic relations in artistic culture. In 2 vols. T.1. Overseas experience. - M.: 1991

Mass holidays have always occupied a prominent place in the system of education and organization of leisure, characteristic of each historical era. In this process, the social ties between the organizer of a mass holiday and its spectators are presented in social and cultural relations that are most consistent with the current way of organizing production, in which its ideological component is absent.

Today we are witnessing a qualitatively new stage in the development of culture and leisure. The “cultural and educational work” was replaced by cultural and leisure activities, the very idea of ​​which characterizes the processes developing in the sphere of free time: the democratic ways and means of organizing mass actions, the level of alternativeness in making managerial decisions, pluralism in the discussion of pressing problems, lively and direct participation population in the implementation of cultural projects, programs and activities for youth.

The concept of a holiday is associated with something joyful, cheerful, carefree, free. Such a perception of this word is typical both for the participants of the celebration and for its organizers. But, undoubtedly, a holiday is a complex and complex concept, which involves various levels, forms, options, goals, objectives of organizing and holding a holiday.

The very word "holiday" expresses abolition, freedom from everyday work, combined with fun and joy. In most cases, a holiday is such free time when something is celebrated, for example, a certain event that needs to be distinguished from the flow of other events. They always celebrate something, according to folk tradition, a celebration without a reason is impossible.

The next characteristic feature of the holiday is communication. A.I. Mazaev defines the holiday as follows: “The holiday connects people with bonds of community, gives rise to a sense of freedom and collectivity. At the festival, people, more than anywhere else, feel concretely, sensually their material unity and community. ”Mazaev AI .. . Gerasimov S.V. Mass holidays in political and business - PR. / Modern aspects of the economy No. 14 (85) - St. Petersburg: "Info-da", 2005.

An integral part of the holiday is the feast. However, not any idleness with a feast can be called a holiday, for this you need a reason.

The effectiveness of the holiday is explained by the interconnection of its functions: ideological, communicative, recreational, creative, hedonistic and others, which are actively manifested in the course of artistic and pedagogical interaction between children and adults; the selection of any of them as dominant destroys the integrity of the influence of this phenomenon.

The participants of the holiday are both adults and children, who, performing elements of ritual-game festive actions in the mode of cooperation, satisfy the need for communication, reasonable intimacy, subordination relations. Such relationships at the holiday implement the function of meeting the needs of participants in collective relationships. So, games at the holiday are an active means of self-education of children and satisfaction of the need for activity. Children involved in the holiday show fiction; find the old in the new, the new in the old; well fulfill someone else's plan, but also know how to update the idea and find a different approach.

The artistic content of the holidays is embodied in music, in song, and poetry. In folk tales, proverbs and sayings, on the one hand, moral rules are laid down, on the other hand, various advice, instructions, i.e. rules of conduct on weekdays and holidays.

Almost every calendar holiday has its own theme, reflecting the history of the people, country, world. A holiday is a holiday when it attracts its participants to creative interaction, develops in them the desire and ability to communicate informally, create artistic images.

A significant idea of ​​a holiday is, on the one hand, the sum of events, factors, names, myths interpreted by history. On the other hand, it is the culture of people, customs, rules, customs, traditions of a national and local nature. Of course, holidays, as eternal models of leisure, have contributed and continue to contribute to the experience of ideal aspirations, which at the moment are becoming a kind of reality and, therefore, help to feel the fullness of life, harmony with the surrounding social and natural world.

The artistic and pedagogical significance and eventfulness of the holiday are characterized by fairly certain common features close to children and adults, such as:

· absolute voluntariness of participation and agreement with all mandatory and conditional rules of leisure activities of a particular holiday;

free choice by young people of various plots, roles, positions, behavior of the festive action;

· the presence in the holidays of deep folk traditions, incorporating the whole range of customs, rituals, ceremonies, symbols and attributes of a fundamental nature, entertainment and artistic acts worked out by social time, genres of amateur art, competitions, folklore.

The essence of the holiday cannot be understood outside of social activity. As an activity that is closest to the interests of children, expressing the zone of their proximal development, their worldview, a holiday should be considered as a powerful means of humanizing education, as a form related to all other types of activities (knowledge, work, aesthetics, communication) - a holiday It is presented as a comprehensive development of personality. As a subject of pedagogical activity, the holiday acts as a psychological mediator in ensuring the process of cooperation. The festive activity of children and adolescents is very close to aesthetic and play activities. The aesthetic moment exists both in the sphere of labor and in the sphere of social life of society: culture, life, communication of people, in the totality of human relations. In the aesthetic activity of a person, in his individual humane actions and manifestations, the process itself is personally significant for him, causing the creative tension of all the forces of his personality, and a positively colored emotional experience, and the results of the activity, and its aesthetically evaluated product, and as a result - development of creative and aesthetic inclinations and abilities.

The emergence and formation of a holiday as any kind of spiritual life of a person is connected no less with the satisfaction of such a human need as a game. A holiday and a game arise with a need in a certain period of human development, and this is directly related to the tasks of educating a holistic personality. Thus, the holiday and the game are important components of the activities of adolescents, the practical improvement of which should be based on a solid scientific and pedagogical basis. What is important here is a new approach based on scientific methodology, assuming a depth of ideological and theoretical content, serious philosophical generalizations, a complete and accurate account of the realities of the present, and scientifically based prediction of the future.

The diverse types of activities that a child encounters in the process of preparing and holding a holiday, creative, cognitive, playful, social, etc., in order to really influence the development of the child, the dynamics of his abilities, must have certain characteristics. The motivational-required sphere of a personality develops when, firstly, it connects activity with leading age-related tendencies, takes a growing person out of the zone of “actual development” into the zone of “proximal development”; secondly, it manifests itself in conscious goal-setting associated with the moment of overcoming oneself; and, thirdly, when its influence covers not only the initial period of activity, but extends to the entire process.

The effectiveness of the holiday is due to the interconnection of its functions: ideological, communicative, recreational, creative, hedonistic and others, which are actively manifested in the course of artistic and pedagogical interaction between children and adults; the selection of any of them as dominant destroys the integrity of the influence of this phenomenon. Thus, a pedagogically expediently organized children's holiday has a holistic effect on the moral development of young people. Indeed, the range of tasks of youth holidays is quite wide: it takes into account the whole variety of educational work of the school, the activities of additional education institutions, youth clubs, parks, creativity centers, which creates a certain pedagogical system of youth holidays.

In the real artistic and pedagogical process of creating a children's holiday, adults and children actively interact, which allows them to reach a qualitatively new level of cooperation and is expressed in a change in their value orientation, relationships and mutual understanding. It is this pedagogical model that can serve as the basis for building a holistic process of personality development when organizing a youth holiday, of course, taking into account local characteristics and conditions. Veste, however, the decisive role in the successful implementation of this process belongs to a team of specialists and organizing teachers, their preparedness, coherence, mutual understanding and interaction with children. . Boreev V.Yu., Kovalenko A.V. Culture and mass communication. - M.: 1986

Summing up, we can define a holiday as a category of pedagogy, a kind of form of creative self-expression and spiritual enrichment of the child. Its purpose is in the knowledge of the surrounding world by young people, the development of their moral consciousness and moral feelings, aesthetic views, skills of an organizer, the ability to comprehend the human science of communication.

The classification of holidays is very diverse. The criterion here may be the age of the participants (children's, family, holidays for pensioners); scope of coverage (private, corporate, city, regional, all-Russian); themes (folk, social,);

The following types of holidays can be distinguished:

1. Religious holidays

Orthodox holidays date back to the times of the Old Testament. They are adjoined by the holidays, which got their start in the New Testament time. Each of them is dedicated to the memory of the most important events in the life of Jesus Christ and the Mother of God or the memory of saints. The most famous religious holidays in our country include Easter and Christmas. Glagolev A.I. Economic relations in artistic culture. In 2 vols. T.1. Overseas experience. - M.: 1991

2. Pagan holidays

Despite the fact that Christianity has been the state religion in our country for more than a thousand years, pagan holidays are still very popular.

Any Tradition is expressed in the most finished form in the calendar; it contains the most important thing that every nation knows about time and eternity. The most popular pagan holiday in Russia is Maslenitsa.

3. Private holidays

These holidays are held within the framework of any family. This includes holidays such as weddings, wedding anniversaries, birthdays, anniversaries.

4. Corporate holidays

Among the various types of holidays, the corporate one is the youngest. The first corporate holidays appeared in the early 1990s. These holidays are arranged within the framework of any organization for its employees. Corporate holidays are an important part of corporate culture and have a significant impact on employee motivation. You should not choose the birthday of the founding father of the company (if it is not a “one person” company) or a significant date in the church calendar as an occasion for a corporate celebration. The less personal the occasion for celebration, the better. An example of corporate holidays can be the celebration of the day of the company, the corporate New Year.

5. Children's holidays

Mass practice is characterized by a wide variety of forms of holding children's holidays, the number of which is constantly growing. Of these, the most common are: festivals, theatrical performances, thematic days and weeks, festive ceremonies and rituals, performances, presentations, balls, carnivals, processions, reviews, competitions, olympiads, anniversaries, KVN, matinees, lines, evenings, concerts, etc. All of them, as a rule, constitute an integral part of cultural and leisure activities in working with children. Social holidays are usually aimed at attracting the attention of the public, the government, the media to a topical issue. An example of social holidays can be such as "Family Day", "Children's Day", etc.

A more acceptable principle for classifying mass holidays is a classification according to the type of a festive situation, since it consists of several characteristics and is determined by a complex of the main features of a mass holiday.

The most significant of them - the social significance and scale of the festive event - become the main ones in the classification of holidays. However, the scale of the festive event does not in itself create social significance, just as it does not create a festive situation.

It is necessary to consider the social significance, or scale, in combination with at least one more essential side of the festive situation - the need for broad social communication, which determines the boundaries of the celebrating community.

The scale of the celebrated event and the celebrating community in the complex give us the most universal principle for classifying the holiday.

Using this principle, we can distinguish three main groups of holidays in our country.

The first group is the general holidays corresponding to the most large-scale, big events.

These are, first of all, the great holidays of our country, which have a world-historical significance, epoch-making events in history and our days, turning points in nature. The social community celebrating such an event is essentially limitless - it is the entire Russian people, all of humanity. . Gerasimov S.V. Specialist in the field of PR: professional status and specifics of activity. / Modern aspects of the economy No. 19 (86) - / St. Petersburg: "Info-da", 2005

A general holiday is made up of a number of specific festive actions of individual social groups: workers, intellectuals, youth, ethnographic and territorial communities, various collectives, driven by a single impulse.

The second group is local holidays, caused by an event that is important for a certain celebrating community.

This is the most mobile, diverse layer of holidays. This includes holidays by profession, and holidays of individual age groups, and holidays of individual Russian cities and villages, labor collectives, educational institutions, and many others - in each case, the scale of the event determines the scale of the celebrated community.

The third group of holidays includes: personal, caused by an event that is important for an individual, family, group of people.

A personal holiday very often takes the form of a ritual that requires mandatory personification.

The above three types of holidays, "... do not give an exhaustive classification, but are only the key to it." Within each species, a huge number of gradations are possible, in particular in terms of content and type of community.

In addition, the boundaries of holidays are extremely mobile, so any celebrating community becomes a bright, festive spectacle for the rest of the mass of people, evokes similar emotions in them and introduces them to the holiday.

The evolution of our psyche is largely due to the holidays that accompanied the history of human civilization. We owe the special emotional influence of the holidays on a person to the rituals and attributes of the holidays, and, most of all, to fire. The cosmic essence of fire is connected with its inseparability from lightning, stars, light - the Sun. It is no accident that the appearance of such an indispensable attribute of especially significant holidays as modern fireworks.

The celebration of such holidays that have come down to us from the depths of time, such as Kolyada, Christmas time, Shrovetide, is associated with rituals. Although, of course, today there are much more holiday options than our ancestors had.

The festival originally originated in Britain in the early 18th century. From the French festival (festival) is translated as a festival, from the Latin festivus - cheerful, festive. In the 20th century international music festivals have spread.

Music festivals are cycles of concerts and performances, united by a common name, a single program and taking place in a particularly solemn atmosphere. Music festivals vary in duration (from a few days to six months) and content.

The music festival is dedicated to music. So, public performances of musicians, discussions, demonstration of skills gradually began to enter into the tradition. Gradually, the annual meetings of musicians and the public acquired an established organizational form, they began to be called music festivals. If there is a competitive moment, then this is already a music festival-competition.

Each country has its own forms of holding such festivals, but the goal is the same: to popularize music, to explain to society why it is needed, how important its development is. Thus, society becomes an active supporter of the development of musical culture, more closely monitors that the state and business pay attention to them, ensure the development of music.

One of the main tasks of music festivals is to lobby the interests of musical culture and art. An equally important task is to promote various musical trends, attract young people, and select talented young performers.

Carrying out mass preventive measures and actions is inextricably linked with the promotion of a healthy lifestyle. It is advisable to conduct them simultaneously with the involvement of all bodies and institutions of the prevention system, public organizations, commercial structures, individuals, and the media. These events should be aimed at attracting a wide range of adolescents and youth.

When planning preventive work, it is worth considering the main international and all-Russian days that promote a healthy lifestyle: April 7 - World Health Day, May 31 - International Day of No Smoking, June 26 - International Day against Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking, October 10 - World mental health day, December 1 - World AIDS Day.

Activities and campaigns for the prevention of addictive behavior and the formation of a healthy lifestyle can be carried out in various forms, based on the specifics of each event.

Depending on the purpose of the event, on what kind of public response you want to receive, the expected number of participants, as well as other factors, they can have a different scale: from the micro-section of the institution that holds the action to the regional level. Not only young people are involved in these events, but also the parent community, creative and sports teams, cultural or sports institutions, public organizations, sponsors from among entrepreneurs and other interested organizations and persons from among the inhabitants of the region, city (artists, athletes, public figures ). The preparation and holding of these events are reflected in the mass media (printed publications, radio and television channels).

Preventive measures to promote a healthy lifestyle in their forms can be organized as competitions of creative works (fine arts, applied arts, literary creativity, social advertising), health holidays, concerts, youth actions and many others.

Event goals

Promoting a healthy lifestyle, drawing the attention of young people to the problems of distribution and use of tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, drugs through the activation of the creative potential of adolescents and young people;

Development of theoretical knowledge and beliefs about a healthy lifestyle; mass youth event holiday

Prevention of various types of addictions (smoking, alcoholism,

addiction);

Propaganda of physical culture and sports, etc.;

Raising the prestige of a healthy, active life among young people and adults

population as a necessary condition for human development and achievement

social success;

Identification of the attitude of adolescents and young people to a healthy lifestyle and the use of drugs through literary creativity.

Youth promotions

One form of primary prevention of addictive behavior is

youth actions of various kinds: music festivals, discos, rallies, lotteries, etc.

It is important that any such action be filled with unobtrusive elements.

prevention. Every event must have music. But it must be accompanied by various elements of a cognitive and positive nature that encourage reflection on a given problem.

Depending on the venue, scale (school, district, city), funding, the scenarios are different.

Promotion development:

Any event, including a mass one, begins with a discussion

concepts. The initiative group specifies the theme, ideas and goals, what audience the action is designed for, what semantic load it should carry.

The place and time of the event will be determined and agreed upon. Mass events can be held from 9 am to 9 pm. Events in open areas near residential buildings can be held from 9 a.m. to 10 p.m.

The partners of the action and their role in the event are determined.

Responsibilities are distributed among the organizers of the action:

For example, who is responsible for the selection of creative performances, who is responsible for the PR company, who is responsible for communicating with the media, who is responsible for the competition program, who is responsible for the production of information materials (booklets, leaflets), who is looking for sponsors.

Animators and artists are invited.

The organization of any mass event begins with the selection

premises or places where it will be held. Concert venues are rented, mobile stages, podiums are installed, a list of necessary equipment and inventory is compiled (including trade pavilions with refreshments and tastings).

Not the last role in the action is played by the presenter, who must be able to "keep" the audience, navigate in emergency situations, be dynamic, effective, with a delivered speech.

Attention should be paid to the design of the venue of the action: the stage, the surrounding area, the competition grounds. In each case, it is important to carefully consider the integrity of the entire design, the expressiveness of the details, their quality, so that the audience's attention is attracted by the main thing that reveals the idea of ​​the event.

And, of course, it is necessary to coordinate the legal and administrative issues of the event.

Prior to obtaining permission to hold a mass event, its organizer is not entitled to announce in the media the date, place and time of the event, to produce and distribute promotional materials for this purpose.

An application (notification) for holding a mass event is submitted in writing directly to the executive committee of the city council, or sent by mail, as a rule, no later than 10 days before the scheduled date of its holding. The application (notification) must contain the following information:

Purpose, form, venue of the mass event;

Movement routes (for demonstrations, processions);

Start and end time of the mass event;

Estimated number of participants in the mass event;

Surname, name, patronymic, address and telephone number (work, home,

mobile) of a person authorized by the organizers of a mass event to submit (application) a notification, as well as persons responsible for ensuring public order, the safety of participants in a mass event;

Necessity (lack of necessity) of using sound amplifying equipment;

Signed by the organizers of the event.

It is no secret that the success of any event depends primarily on the quality of its organization. Organizing an event that gives positive emotions is not an easy task. And when these emotions need to be presented to a huge number of people at once, to charge more than ten thousand people with positive?! For example, organize a big music festival in the central park of the city. And at the same time ensure their safety, comfort and good mood. Then the task becomes much more difficult. Moreover, it becomes difficult only at the time of planning the event and its approval. It is about these agreements that we will try to tell in this article.

All mass events can be divided into public events (meetings, rallies, demonstrations, marches and pickets) and cultural, sports, theatrical events, including private events. The organization of the first group of events is mainly permissive and is regulated by the legislation on meetings, rallies, processions and picketing (we wrote about them in detail in the website issue 4-2012). The second group of events is mainly of a notification nature.

The main city act establishing the procedure for coordinating mass events in Moscow is the Decree of the Mayor of Moscow No. 1054-RM dated October 5, 2000 “On Approval of the Interim Regulations on the Procedure for Organizing and Conducting Mass Cultural, Educational, Theatrical, Entertainment, Sports and Advertising Events in Moscow. The organizers of these events may be legal entities or individuals who are the initiators of the event and provide organizational, financial and other support for its implementation.

According to this document, events are divided into two groups: up to 5,000 and over 5,000 people. A notification of the intention to hold a mass event, depending on the number of its participants, is sent for consideration:

• 45 days in advance - for a mass event with more than 5,000 participants, or if the mass event is held on the territory of several administrative districts - to the Moscow City Hall;
• in 30 days - for a mass event of up to 5,000 people - to the prefects or heads of administrations (for a very small event) of the corresponding administrative districts of Moscow.

The notification must contain information about the name of the event, the program indicating the place, time, conditions of organizational, financial and other support for its holding, the expected number of participants, contact information of the organizers of the event. Notifications are considered within 10–15 days, and based on the results, an order is issued on consent or refusal to consent to holding a mass event.

Mass events, the holding of which is associated with certain risks (for example, when trading or organizing a fan zone) must be provided with the presence of the police, emergency medical, fire fighting and other necessary assistance.

When planning and advertising events, one should also pay attention to the law on advertising (No. 38-FZ of March 13, 2006) and the legislation on the arrangement of fireworks (Decree of the Government of Moscow of June 24, 2003 No. 494-PP “On venues for festive artillery salutes and measures to streamline the arrangement of fireworks in Moscow by non-governmental organizations”).

Here are the main organizational components of success. It is only a matter of knowledge and strict observance of all regulatory norms and acts, well-coordinated work of the organizers and prompt interaction with the administration.

Key definitions

Mass event- a one-time mass cultural, educational, theatrical and entertainment, sports or advertising event, which requires coordination with the city's executive authorities, held from 8:00 to 23:00.

Mass event organizer- legal entities or individuals who are the initiators of holding a mass event and providing organizational, financial and other support for its holding.

The object of the mass event- a building or structure or a complex of such buildings and structures, including the adjacent territory, temporarily intended or prepared for mass events, as well as city squares, streets, reservoirs and other territories specially designated for the period of their holding.

Administration of the object of the mass event- a legal, natural person who manages the object of the mass event.

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1. Events where trade is carried out or other actions related to making a profit are possible must be provided with police, medical, fire fighting and other support (carried out on a contractual basis).

2. Cleaning of the venue of the event and the adjacent territory, maintenance of mobile toilets - on the basis of a notification from the Department of Housing and Public Utilities and Improvement of the City of Moscow (carried out on a contractual basis).

3. Administration of the event venue:

• adopts an administrative document indicating specific tasks for all services of the facility participating in the event;
• not less than 5 days before the date of the event draws up an act of readiness of the facility;
• a day and 4 hours before the start of the mass event, together with representatives of law enforcement and fire prevention agencies, executive authorities, conducts an inspection of the facility, including trade and public catering enterprises;
• 1.5 hours before the start of the event, approves the arrangement of persons responsible for certain places, exposes the control and administrative service;
• informs at the end of the event the officials who issued the order on consent to its holding.

4. Holding fireworks.

The organizer of a fireworks display (legal entity only) must have:

• a license for the right to hold fireworks displays, as well as a copy of the map of the location of the fireworks show, with the designation of the launch site and the boundaries of the buffer zone, agreed with the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Moscow and the Main Directorate of the Russian Emergencies Ministry for Moscow;
• specialists who have concluded employment contracts with him and who meet the qualification requirements for conducting firework displays;
• vehicles suitable for the transportation of used pyrotechnic products and equipment;
• launching equipment for fireworks displays;
• technological documentation regulating the safety of work performed;
• fireworks permit issued by the Department of Regional Security of Moscow (the request is considered at least 5 days in advance, the permit is issued at least 4 days before the fireworks).

5. Responsibility of the organizers

Administrative or criminal - depending on the act.

Basic legislative acts for the organizer of mass events

1. Decree of the Mayor of Moscow No. 1054-RM dated October 5, 2000 “On Approval of the Provisional Regulations on the Procedure for Organizing and Conducting Mass Cultural, Educational, Theatrical, Entertainment, Sports and Advertising Events in Moscow”.

2. Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 30, 2008 No. 869-PP "On measures to organize and conduct festive artillery salutes and fireworks displays in the city of Moscow."

4. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations No. 195-FZ of December 30, 2001 (CAO RF).

The concept of mass events, their types.

Parameter name	Meaning
Article subject:	The concept of mass events, their types.
Rubric (thematic category)	Sport

Under mass events it is necessary to understand the totality of actions or phenomena of social life with the participation of a large number of citizens, carried out in order to satisfy the political, spiritual, physical and other needs of citizens, which are a form of realization of their rights and freedoms, as well as a form of social communication between people and a way of developing a unity of personality attitudes, collective and society as a whole.

Thus, based on the definition of the concept of ʼʼmass eventʼʼ, we can distinguish three main features˸

A large number of people;

Organization of actions;

Having a goal.

All this distinguishes mass events from other cases of large crowds of people, for example, in markets, train stations, beaches, etc.

Conventionally, all mass events can be divided according to the following criteria: ˸ by content and direction, significance, frequency of holding, method of occurrence, possibility of participation.

1. Socio-political(demonstrations, rallies, street marches, manifestations, elections of the President and deputies, higher and local authorities, congresses, conferences, etc.). This type of event is characterized by a certain composition of participants, a high level of organization of the event, and a commonality of behavioral motives.

Federal Law No. 54-FZ of June 19, 2004 ʼʼOn meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and picketingʼʼ contains definitions of terms and concepts of mass events˸

public event- an open, peaceful, accessible to everyone, held in the form of a meeting, rally, demonstration, march or picket, or in various combinations of these forms, an action carried out on the initiative of citizens of the Russian Federation, political parties, other public associations and religious associations, incl. using vehicles. The purpose of the public event is the free expression and formation of opinions, as well as putting forward demands on various issues of the political, economic, social and cultural life of the country and foreign policy issues;

meeting- the joint presence of citizens in a specially designated or adapted place for collective discussion of any socially significant issues;

rally - the mass presence of citizens in a certain place for the public expression of public opinion on topical problems of a predominantly socio-political nature;

demonstration - organized public expression of public sentiments by a group of citizens using posters, banners and other means of visual propaganda during the movement;

procession- mass passage of citizens along a predetermined route in order to draw attention to any problems;

picketing- a form of public expression of opinions carried out without movement and use of sound-amplifying technical means by placing one or more citizens near the picketed object using posters, banners and other means of visual agitation.

The concept of mass events, their types. - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "The concept of mass events, their types." 2015, 2017-2018.