How to develop logic and improve logical thinking? How to develop logic and thinking in children and adults.

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Logical thinking helps people see the essence of events, problems, things that they encounter every day in different situations. The ability to think logically can be developed to a certain extent. And if you want to help your child understand logic, then you should start as early as possible.

Instructions

1. You can enroll in a faculty where logic is one of the core subjects (philosophical, legal, etc.). Go to all classes and lectures, study independently according to the list of literature and curriculum, which can be agreed upon with the teacher. To remember better, make diagrams and tables. As practical examples use having evidence and requiring it.
2. If you dream of mastering the laws of logic on your own, borrow or buy textbooks on logic from the library (for example, by the following authors: A. A. Ivin, V. I. Kobzar) and the “Logical Encyclopedia.” Some textbooks can also be found on the Internet, for example, on the website http://www.i-u.ru/biblio. In the search for this library, enter the words “logic” and you can download any book.
3. There are also many logic training courses on the Internet. But you shouldn’t really trust them, since their program is extremely meager and is a free adaptation of the introductory part of a textbook on logic, only illustrated in a modern form.
4. Buy the collection logical problems and from there, to begin with, select those that you are able to solve almost without thinking. Always check the answers after deciding. If you find errors, then there is no need to be upset, but rather try to understand how you violated the laws of logic. Over time, begin to complicate the tasks.
5. If you dream that your baby can think logically, always answer him even the most ridiculous questions. It is possible that after some time he himself, after reflection, will come to the appropriate conclusion that there will be evidence that he has initial logic skills.
6. Teach your child to compare, generalize and exclude. For example, show him a couple of similar objects (of different sizes or colors) and ask him to answer how they differ from each other.
7. Buy educational games, and in order for the child to become interested in them, you need to work out with him until he can play them on his own. Buy books with easy logic puzzles for children and make sure your child understands the solutions.

Exercises to develop logical thinking

• Have fun with a computer game.
• Bluff in poker.
• Discuss the terms of the contract.
• Explain to your child why the sky is blue.
• Write an essay on philosophy.
• Ask an influencer a question.
• Remodel the bedroom.
• Design an improved mousetrap.
• Keep yourself in control.
• Talk about a salary increase with your boss.
• Remember in detail an important conversation that took place a month ago.
• Write a docudrama.
• Think about infinity.
• Change your mood from bad to good.
• Paint a realistic landscape.
• Understand how this or that electrical device works.
• Write a program on a computer.
• Lie convincingly.
• Learn a new language.
• Continue row 3, 6, 9, 12 as far as possible.
• Remember the names of your first teachers.
• Read the sonnet by heart famous writer from end to beginning.
• Try to remember in great detail when you last time ate shish kebab.
• Visualize your friend's face clearly in your mind.
• Prepare a delicious dinner.
• Parse difficult text.
• Improvise on stage.
• Take part in a TV interview.
• To prepare for an exam.
• Solve the crossword puzzle.

• Improve your logic as often as possible. The greater the load, the easier the next classes will be. The easier the classes, the more you like them. The more you like it, the more often you will practice. The more often you practice, the more developed you will be.
• Repeat your workouts. All exercises should be done several times to make sure that you will not make a mistake in a similar situation again. The development of mental abilities is determined by practice and time. Create your own intellectual enrichment routine. If something doesn't work out, take a short break and come back a little later.
• Don't rush to do the exercises. It takes time to reach the deeper layers of thinking. Patience and more patience. Give your brain time to explore its possibilities.
• Engage, don't analyze. The meaning of intellectual training is the conscious manipulation of mental resources. The result is proportional to your desire to flex your mental muscles.
• Let all your worries and problems remain somewhere else. Create a working atmosphere for training. Enjoy challenges and overcoming them.

Video lessons

Logic itself is not a human skill given from birth; it is learned throughout life, receiving valuable lessons. Such a tool for understanding the world is not close to emotional human nature, so people prefer to think and do as they are more accustomed to. However, this science underlies most of the laws of the Universe. The ability to think and reason consistently and consistently is useful in solving many problems. Be it building business projects, persuading opponents, or shopping in a store. And the question immediately arises: “How to develop logical thinking and live as efficiently as possible? We will consider the answer to this in the article below.

People often make mistakes that defy logic. They think it's enough to be guided common sense and the experience gained, ignoring the laws and special techniques of formal logic. However, this may be sufficient only when making elementary judgments and solving simple problems; when carrying out large-scale operations, certain knowledge will be required that will not allow you to make erroneous actions.

What is logic

In order to understand what it is, it is necessary to explain this phenomenon more broadly, dividing it into components.

By thinking we mean the processing of received information by the human psyche, and the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships between objects, events and phenomena of the surrounding world.

Logic is the science of the forms, methods and laws of intellectual mental activity. Its peculiarity is that knowledge is obtained not from sensory experience, but in the process of analyzing previously obtained data, inferential knowledge.

Thus, logical thinking is thinking process, forcing a person to use logical constructs and concepts based on evidence, prudence and flexibility of thinking. The main goal is to obtain the most reasonable conclusion from the available data.

Logical laws are based on empirical knowledge of the world through experience. That is, a person draws a conclusion based on the creation or participation in a certain situation and subsequent awareness of its specific consequences.

Workout

The development of creative thinking and logic is only possible if the mind is accustomed to working in different directions. The development of logical thinking needs to be trained, here are some practical tips:

• Studying Natural Sciences

Take up the study of science close to your spirit, which you have been putting off.
Physics, chemistry or history, others exact sciences perfectly stimulate flexibility of thinking. They teach how to build cause-and-effect chains.

• Use reasoned argument

Instead of the standard desire to answer “because I’m in charge” or “it’s necessary,” try to convey your point of view to your opponent without emotions, constructively. Use logical as well as creative thinking, there can be a huge variety of dialogue options, get rid of the usual phrases and reactions.
Particularly interesting is the way of leading the interlocutor to the necessary conclusion through indirect statements with which he initially agrees.

• Play chess, backgammon, checkers and card games

This is an amazing opportunity to develop logical thinking. After all, there is training in cause-and-effect relationships, calculating the opponent’s moves in advance. One is trained to learn lessons even from defeats. Thus, a person gradually removes negative thinking from his life.

• Find other ways to use items

This exercise promotes excellent development of creative thinking in adults. Choose one item, be it a box of matches or a stool. And find everything possible ways using the item for purposes other than its intended purpose. You can count matches, lay out drawings, and use a stool as a stand for a Christmas tree. Get creative.

• Association game

Use opposite meanings to emerging associations for specific words. Let's say hard wool, soft glass, hot ice. This helps our brain tune in to a different mindset and remove negative thinking.

• Read books from the end

In addition to the understandable difficulties in completing this task, there are also nuances. Our brain is accustomed to the fact that resolution can only come when specific actions are taken. But both in life and in books, this is not always true. Sometimes the most unexpected events lead to results that they should not have. A gradual transition from the denouement to the preface will help debunk your guesses and learn an abstract vision of the situation, and also develop mobility and flexibility of thinking.

• Expand your vocabulary

When you hear an unfamiliar word, look up its meaning in the dictionary. And also: what is the history of origin, original meaning and use now. This will help you look at the world in a more multifaceted way.

• Words backwards

When in transport or on the street, read signs backwards. It will be very difficult. At first they will only get short words, and then you will master the ability to read entire phrases! This is a great brain workout that shows there are alternatives. And, once in problematic situation, it will be easier to see other options.

• Invent something that doesn't exist

The exercise is to come up with an animal or object, a name that does not exist in nature. Leopard or birdfox, for example. And imagine or depict all this in detail. The point is that it is very difficult to invent something that does not exist. The brain still tries to reduce everything to familiar forms, especially in adults.

Sometimes negative thinking takes over, and it becomes difficult to complete a task that seems absurd. The ability to abstract from familiar forms and concepts, concentrate on still little-studied facts, and create fundamentally new things will be useful in any profession.

• Solve anagrams

You need to make a word from the mixed letters. Develops the ability to quickly find hidden meaning, to see meanings that are incomprehensible at first glance.

• Use your other hand

If you are right-handed - left, if vice versa - right. Change your hand while performing everyday activities. This stimulates both hemispheres, improving concentration, activating new neural connections, thus stimulating logical and creative thinking.

Who needs to develop logic

Logical thinking is necessary for any person, regardless of his goals. After all, with flexible thinking, each of us can:

• find the optimally beneficial solution to a problem situation;
• always be several steps ahead of enemies or competitors, calculating their possible actions;
• choose the right way to achieve your goal;
• express your thoughts in a form understandable to everyone;
• It’s quite easy to find arguments to sway opponents in your direction;
• avoid making professional and life mistakes;
• deal with sophistry and demagoguery;
• be able to quickly formulate an answer to the question posed, avoiding blurting out the first thought that comes to mind, which can cause great harm later;
• clearly see manipulations on the part of other people, do not become a victim of their deception;
• be aware of mistakes made by other people or yourself, and quickly and easily eliminate them.

Why do you need to develop logic?

How to develop thinking? Every person has it to one degree or another. But for a better understanding of reality and the ability to operate with it, logical thinking, sufficiently developed, is necessary. high level. This can only be learned through training.

Creative thinking can be developed and negative thinking can be eliminated. The brain is trained no less than the muscles, perhaps more. By constantly training thinking and memory, a person can develop throughout his life, methodically improving his performance. The development of intellectual abilities is a guarantee of effective self-improvement.

Thanks to the ability to think logically, a person acquires the ability to think creatively, because a completely different understanding of reality opens up, which gives many advantages.

It is commonly believed that creative thinking is opposed to logic and reason, but this is a false statement. Creative perception of reality is fundamental to creativity. This does not at all mean the need for negative thinking, which is characterized by focusing exclusively on the bad. On the contrary, it allows you to train your brain, clear it of stereotypes and interfering attitudes, and look at everything from the outside. This is how perfect horizons open up. As a result, the ability to solve problems in a non-standard way, to find previously impossible ways.

Logical thinking is based on building a chain of sequences, arguments, events, which helps to draw certain conclusions, accept right decisions. If a person has well-developed logical thinking, he can easily find a way out of any situation and predict the consequences of events. This ability is best developed with early childhood, but even as an adult you can and should train.

There are many logic exercises that help develop attention, concentration, perception, observation, thinking, and intelligence. An exercise called “Logicality” is useful. Its meaning is to determine whether the relationship between judgments is correctly established, whether the conclusion is logical. For example: “All dogs can bark. Sharik is a dog, which means he can bark.” This statement is logical. “All fruits are delicious. Ice cream is also tasty, which means it is a fruit.” There is an error in judgment here. When working with children, it is important not just to ask whether a statement is false or true, but to ask the child to explain why he thinks so. Then he will build a logical chain that will lead him to the right decision. Another effective exercise that helps develop logical thinking is “Ordering”. A set of words or phrases that have the same topic is offered. It is required to arrange them so that the first is the most specific, and the last is generalized. For example, “Dachshund – dog – animal.” The more concepts in one chain, the more complex the task, the more those brain centers that are responsible for logical thinking are involved. Also a simple and interesting method of developing logic are various games. These include chess, checkers, dominoes, puzzles, backgammon, Rubik's cube, Scrabble and many others. They help develop memory, perseverance, and observation. These and many other games can be found in in electronic format on the Internet, which will allow you to play without a second partner. Any logic games develop quick thinking, the ability to see into the future, and the ability to find solutions at lightning speed. These qualities are very important in modern world, where every day a person faces a myriad of tasks that need to be solved quickly and correctly. As for the youngest children, you can offer them cubes, puzzles of two or three elements, construction sets, pyramids, etc. Interesting games which will help not only keep your child occupied, but also develop logical thinking.

Logical thinking will help you achieve success when building a career in all areas of activity, even in family life.

It is customary to divide people into logicians and emotionalists. How true is this statement? What determines the tendency towards one type of thinking or another? Is it possible to change it? How to develop logic? Why is this even necessary? What is the role of logic in human life? How long can logic take to develop? What age is best to start? How to develop logic at home? What is needed for this? What techniques help in the development of logic? Let's look at these questions in order.

What is logic.

Logic is a feature of thinking based on cause-and-effect analysis and rational knowledge peace. Unlike emotions, logical thinking relies only on arguments and arguments. It is also called analytical thinking. The left hemisphere of the brain is responsible for the development of this skill. In contrast, the right hemisphere promotes creativity and emotionality.

Is it possible to develop logical thinking?

Accordingly, people with an analytical mindset have a better developed left hemisphere, while emotional people have a better developed right hemisphere. But the brain, like any other organ, can be developed and trained. For example, if someone is more pumped right hand, this does not mean that it will be like this all your life. He can pay more attention to training his left hand and gradually level out their capabilities. The development of logic is carried out in a similar way. Once you start training it, your analytical thinking will strengthen over time.

Development of the brain hemispheres, although determined genetically, can still be adjusted during life. Of course, this is much easier to do in childhood, but adults, by showing self-control, can change the type of their thinking. It will just take them a lot longer.

An elementary example of adjusting brain activity is retraining left-handed people. The fact is that one of the external manifestations of the activity of the brain hemispheres is the “working” hand. Left hemisphere the brain is responsible for right side body, and the right - vice versa. It is believed that right-handers are more prone to analytical thinking, and left-handers to creative thinking. Some thinkers even see a total suppression of creativity in the practice of retraining left-handers. These are rather speculative views, but the essence remains the same - with the help of practice you can influence the activity of one or another hemisphere of the brain.

How to develop logic at home?

There are many training centers, offering to take on the development of the logic of a child or an adult. But visiting them is not always possible, due to lack of time, transport links or the cost of training. Therefore, a reasonable question arises: how to develop logic at home without the help of mentors and coaches? Good thing, it was invented a large number of techniques. The main thing is that they are not only useful, but also interesting, otherwise the development of logic will quickly turn into a routine. So, the simplest and most exciting techniques:

• Logic games;
• Puzzles;
• Mobile applications.

Having decided to develop logic, it is advisable to pay attention to this every day. In this case, the results will appear much faster. And even having achieved a satisfactory level of logic development, you should not give up training, because without practice this skill will gradually weaken.

Logic games

Humanity invented whole set games that improve analytical thinking. Accordingly, people have always thought about the question of how to develop logic. We all know checkers and chess well, which put opponents in equal conditions. Victory in a game is achieved purely by the ability to think logically, calculating moves in advance. Unlike cards or backgammon, there is no random factor associated with the combination of cards or numbers on the dice. The success of a campaign depends solely on the ability to analyze and think strategically.

It is no less interesting to play “Renju” - a complicated version of tic-tac-toe, which originated in Ancient China, but found a “second wind” in Japan. Also, its variations such as “Gomoku” and “Checkers of Go” deserve attention. By the way, the last option turned out to be the most difficult for artificial intelligence. A computer was able to beat a human at Checkers Go only in 2015. By comparison, AI has been winning chess since the late 1990s.

Although checkers, chess or Renju require a partner, this condition is no longer so necessary due to the availability of computer versions of these games that allow you to play independently.

Puzzles

Unlike ordinary tasks, puzzles do not require special knowledge, namely the ability to think logically and analyze. Among all their diversity, the most famous are:

• Mechanical puzzles - for example Rubik's Cube, Rubik's Snake, Fifteen;
• Puzzles with objects - primarily with matches or coins;
• Printed puzzles – rebuses, charades, Japanese crosswords, Sudoku, Kakuro, etc.

Because the inventions of Rubik and tag, which help in the development of logic, have been known since childhood; there is no point in going into too much detail about them. Coin or match puzzles are available in abundance on the Internet, as are most other games.

Printed puzzles are often published in tabloid publications. You can find the following types of puzzles:

• Rebuses– words are encrypted in the form of pictures and individual letters or numbers;
• Charades– words are divided into separate syllables, which are independent words;
• Japanese crosswords– unlike a regular crossword, they contain not words, but images;
• Sudoku– number puzzles in which you need to determine the location of the numbers;
• Kakuro- another type of number puzzle in which the player relies on known sums of numbers.

If you devote several weeks to familiarizing yourself with these puzzles, then the question is, “how to develop logic?” will not arise again.

Mobile applications

Smartphones have long been part of human life. Instead of wasting your time on thousands of meaningless games, it is better to install several applications that help in the development of intelligence and logic. Many offer training programs, with daily training sessions and exams to track your progress. This function is especially interesting because neither chess, nor puzzles, nor any other conventional ways to develop logic provide it. Since your phone is always at hand, it will not be difficult to complete the daily series of tasks at any time convenient for this.

Each of the listed techniques gives its own hint on how to develop logic. It's best to combine them among themselves, without giving their minds the slightest chance to adapt. It's like in gym. The more similar the exercises are, the faster the muscles get used to them and stop developing. Also with the development of logic - only in the case of a variety of tasks, its level will improve.

If you have ever wondered how to develop your mind, how to improve your logical and critical thinking, then this article is for you.

Science writer, Rhodes Scholar, and two-time author Jonah Lehrer has suggested several unexpected ways keep your mind sharp and healthy. Like any other organ of the body, it needs to be trained.

According to Lehrer, there are 10 rules of good thinking, following which you can improve your mind.

10 ways to improve your thinking

Listen to your emotions- don't avoid what they tell you, but listen and act accordingly whenever possible. These feelings are caused by facts beyond conscious awareness.

Trust your instincts- when you have developed a skill, in return for the time spent you get reliable instincts, and often instincts can be trusted.

Consider Alternatives- It’s natural for the brain to pay attention only to what it believes in, stop and consider the opposite option.

Know what you like- don’t be fooled by price tags or popularity, decide for yourself what is good for you and what is not.

Take long showers- Research shows that solutions always come at a time when you are not thinking about the problem, probably because in the absence of stress the mind is more easily adjusted to the desired mood.

Don't trust your memory- recalling an event changes the structure of the memory of this event, so the more you think about it, the less accurate your memories are.

Don't overwork yourself- the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for willpower and thinking, is quickly depleted, according to research. You can do many things, but not all at the same time. Multitasking is ineffective.

Learn from mistakes - successful people pay attention to their mistakes, and also constantly look for what they could improve upon - this is very important for learning.

Dream is an incredibly important tool for creativity, causing a flurry of activity in an area called the brain's passive mode network, which is responsible for the mind's ability to create new associations. Thus, dreams dramatically activate the brain.

1. Think about what you think - introspection may be the key to sober thinking, along with mental abilities and experience.

This is undoubtedly a very peculiar list (for example, I already wrote), but worthy of attention.

Lehrer has a keen interest in brain activity and the neurobiology of thinking and decision making. He imagines the brain as a kind of Swiss army knife with a variety of tools for various purposes. And all you need is to choose the right tool at the right time.

Besides exercises to develop your mind, there are other ways to maintain a healthy mind.

What else is good for the brain?

Consumption of rich foods is beneficial antioxidants, such as cranberries, almonds, pistachios, green leafy vegetables (cabbage, spinach, broccoli, etc.) and blueberries.
Also, many studies have shown that vitamin D promotes memory and information processing. Vitamin D is found in fish oil, egg yolk, caviar, dairy products, cheese, butter, mushrooms, nettles, parsley. In addition, vitamin D is synthesized in the body under the influence of ultraviolet radiation when a person spends enough time in the sun.

Moderate consumption has also recently been shown to be beneficial. caffeine .

As the population ages, more attention is paid to conservation methods sharp mind with age.

It has been proven that activities that engage both the left and right hemispheres of the brain develop thinking abilities. Set a goal for yourself - just 10 minutes of intense mental activity a day can be enough to reduce the risk of mental illness.

, puzzles, reading, crosswords, chess and other interesting activities for you will be in a good way maintain mental acuity, and possibly improve logical and critical thinking and reasoning abilities.

Based on English-language materials from the site ezinearticles.com