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Trigeneration equipment selection. Trigeneration: heat, electricity and cold from one energy generator

Trigeneration is the combined production of electricity, heat and cold using a gas piston engine. Composition of a trigeneration unit (TGU): gas piston engine, generator, thermal module, absorption refrigeration machine, control system. The generator produces electricity, the thermal module in winter time, and the absorption refrigeration machine in the summer utilizes the heat of the engine cooling jacket, oil cooling jacket and exhaust flue gases

Trigeneration is beneficial because it makes it possible to effectively use recycled heat not only in winter for heating, but also in summer for air conditioning or for technological needs. This approach allows you to use the installation all year round, thereby ensuring the fastest return on investment. Maximum proximity and possibility of use for any consumer both as a main and backup source of energy, installation anywhere (even in an “open field”), operational reliability, quick payback and long service life of the main equipment (up to 25 years to full write-offs) bring TSU to first place among alternative sources energy supply. All that is required is the presence of gas.

AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION Conducting an energy audit: identifying specific features in the energy supply at the customer’s site Project development, selection of equipment equipment Production and supply of equipment Training of customer personnel Installation of equipment, commissioning Warranty and post-warranty service Continuous technical support

TGUs can be used as both main and backup power supply sources Gasoline 1.5 – 12 kVA Diesel 1.5 – 2000 kVA Gas 23 – 1500 kVA MTU FORD PERKINS VOLVO LOMBARDINI HONDA Engines: Generators: MECC ALTE Stamford engine characteristics

What you need to pay attention to when choosing a gas cogenerator: a) voltage b) electrical power c) location (site) d) daily electricity consumption e) operating mode (island or parallel to the network) f) availability of gas limits, gas pressure g ) starting currents h) design

AUTONOMOUS ENERGY SUPPLY IS MORE PROFITABLE! FACTORS OF ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF AUTONOMOUS ENERGY SUPPLY 1. Natural gas very cheap. Cogenerators have high efficiency. There are no electricity losses. Therefore, electricity generated autonomously using cogenerators is 2–5 times cheaper. 1. There is no need to pay for connecting to the electrical network and laying a heating main (for new facilities). There is no need for constant repair of existing heating mains (for old objects). 2. The cogenerator utilizes the heat generated when generating electricity. This heat can be used for hot water supply, heating of objects, obtaining cold, technological purposes,

Unit electrical power - from 50 kW to 2 MW (more can be ordered). The coefficient of heat generation in relation to electricity is from 1.4 at low powers to 1.0 at high powers. The coefficient of cold production in relation to heat is 0.7-0.5. The volume of capital investments is rubles per kW of installed capacity. Payback period - 2-4 years (depending on equipment load; with round-the-clock and maximum load the payback is faster) The cost of electricity, subject to heat recovery for heating, hot water or cold production - 0.55-0.60 rubles / kW hour, taking into account service Specific consumption of gas to produce 1 kW of electricity - 0.3-0.4 cubic meters Turnkey project implementation period - 6-8 months Some technical and economic indicators of using TGU

The invention relates to thermal power engineering. A method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold involves converting the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using heat engine, conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, transfer of coolant heated in the cooling circuit of a heat engine and exhaust gases using heat exchangers of at least two heating stages for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for obtaining cold in an absorption refrigeration machine. Part of the coolant is diverted for the purposes of hot water supply, heating and ventilation before the heat exchangers of the second and/or subsequent heating stages, depending on the required temperature of the coolant in the hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems. The remaining part of the coolant is supplied after the heat exchanger of the last heating stage into the absorption refrigeration machine. The proposed method allows you to increase the refrigeration coefficient and the production of AHM cold. 2 ill.

Drawings for RF patent 2457352

The invention relates to thermal power engineering and can be used in the combined production of heat, cold and electricity.

There is a known method of operation of a mobile installation for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, in which a generator converts the mechanical energy of the rotating engine shaft into electricity, the exhaust gases passing through the heat exchanger give off heat to the coolant fluid for heat supply to the heating season or used in absorption refrigeration machine for cooling supply in summer period.

To the disadvantages this method The operation of the installation can be attributed to the low efficiency associated with the release of a significant part of unused thermal energy into the atmosphere.

There is also a known method of operation of an installation in which an internal combustion engine produces useful energy, converted into electrical energy using an electric generator; a second internal combustion engine is used to drive a compressor of a refrigeration machine that produces cold during the warm season. Heat recovered from the engine jacket and exhaust gases is used to supply heat to consumers during the cold season.

The disadvantages of the method of operation of this installation are the incomplete use of waste heat from internal combustion engines, additional fuel costs for operating the second internal combustion engine used to drive the compressor of the refrigeration machine.

There is a known method of operation of an installation that simultaneously supplies heat/cold and electricity, in which heat supply in the cold period is carried out by recycling the heat of exhaust gases and coolant of an internal combustion engine, the mechanical energy of the rotating shaft of the engine is converted into electricity, cold is generated in the warm period of the year in compression refrigeration machine.

The disadvantages of the method of operation of this installation include low efficiency due to insufficient use of waste heat from the internal combustion engine, and significant energy costs for operating the compressor of the refrigeration machine.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the method of operation of an installation for generating electricity, heat and cold, in which a heat engine produces mechanical work that is converted into electrical energy using an electric generator. The waste heat of lubricating oil, coolant and exhaust gases removed through the heat exchangers of the first, second and third heating stages from the heat engine is utilized to supply heat to consumers. During the warm period of the year, recovered heat is partially used to provide consumers hot water, and partly supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine to provide cold to the air conditioning system.

However, this technical solution characterized by a relatively low temperature of the coolant (80°C) supplied from the heat engine, which leads to a decrease in the coefficient of performance and refrigerating power of the absorption refrigeration machine.

The objective of the invention is to increase the coefficient of performance and refrigeration capacity by increasing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine.

The task is achieved as follows.

In a method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, including converting the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, transferring coolant heated in the cooling circuit of a heat engine and exhaust gases using heat exchangers, at least two stages of heating, for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for obtaining cold in an absorption refrigeration machine, part of the coolant is allocated for the purposes of hot water supply, heating and ventilation before the heat exchangers of the second and/or subsequent heating stages, depending on the required temperature of the coolant in hot water supply systems , heating and ventilation, the remaining part of the coolant is supplied after the heat exchanger of the last heating stage into the absorption refrigeration machine.

Due to the removal of part of the coolant for the needs of hot water supply, heating and ventilation, the mass flow rate of the heated coolant supplied to the heat exchangers of subsequent heating stages will decrease, and therefore, for other equal conditions without increasing the heating surface area, the temperature of the heated coolant leaving these heat exchangers increases. Increasing the temperature of the coolant discharged into the absorption refrigeration machine makes it possible to increase its refrigeration coefficient and, accordingly, its cooling capacity.

The proposed method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of one of the possible power plants with which the described method can be implemented.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the relative cooling capacity of an absorption refrigeration machine on the temperatures of the cooled, cooling and heating water.

The power plant contains the following elements: 1 - air compressor, 2 - combustion chamber, 3 - gas turbine, 4 - heat exchanger of the turbine lubrication system (first heating stage), 5 - heat exchanger for cooling turbine disks and blades (second heating stage), 6 - exhaust gas heat exchanger (third stage of heating), 7 - heat exchanger of the heat supply system (heating, ventilation of consumers), 8 - absorption refrigeration machine, 9 - heat consumer (heating and ventilation), 10 - cold consumer, 11 - hot water consumer, 12 - dry cooling tower power plant, 13 - cooling tower of the refrigeration machine, 14 - pump for the circulating water supply circuit of the refrigerator, 15 - pump for the cooling circuit of the consumers, 16 - pump for the hot water supply circuit for the consumers, 17 - pump for the heat supply circuit (heating and ventilation), 18 - pump for the cooling circuit of the heat engine, 19 - electric generator, 20 - heat exchanger of the hot water supply system to consumers, 21, 22, 23 - pipelines for supplying the heating coolant to the heat exchanger of the hot water supply system (20), 24, 25, 26 - pipelines for supplying the heating coolant to the heat exchanger (7) of the heat supply system (heating and ventilation), 27 - supply pipeline for the heating coolant of the absorption refrigeration machine, 28 - cooling circuit of the heat engine.

The installation method is as follows.

In compressor 1 the compression process takes place atmospheric air. From compressor 1, air enters combustion chamber 2, where sprayed fuel is continuously supplied under pressure through nozzles. From combustion chamber 2, combustion products are sent to gas turbine 3, in which the energy of combustion products is converted into mechanical energy of shaft rotation. IN electric generator 19 this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Depending on the heat load, the installation operates in one of three modes:

Mode I - with heat release for heating, ventilation and hot water supply;

Mode II - with heat supplied to hot water supply and absorption refrigerator;

III mode - with heat supply for heating, ventilation and hot water supply and for absorption refrigerator;

In mode I (during the cold season), the coolant is heated in the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (first heating stage), the heat exchanger of the disk and blade cooling system 5 (second heating stage) and the exhaust gas heat exchanger 6 (third heating stage) through a pipeline 26 is supplied to the heat exchanger 7 for heating and ventilation of consumers 9 and through pipelines 21, and/or 22, and/or 23 to the hot water supply heat exchanger 20.

In mode II (during the warm period of the year), depending on the required temperature in the hot water supply system, part of the coolant is removed after the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (the first heating stage) and/or the heat exchanger of the disk and blade cooling system 5 (the second heating stage) and/or the heat exchanger exhaust (exhaust) gases 6 (third stage of heating) through pipelines 21, and/or 22, and/or 23 to the hot water supply heat exchanger 20, and the remaining coolant through pipeline 27 is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine 8 to produce cold used for cooling consumers 10.

In mode III (in the autumn-spring period), depending on the required temperatures in the hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems, part of the coolant is removed after the heat exchanger of the lubrication system 4 (first stage of heating), and/or the heat exchanger of the cooling system of disks and blades 5 (second stage heating), and/or heat exchanger of flue (exhaust) gases 6 (third stage of heating) through pipelines 21, and/or 22, and/or 23 to hot water supply heat exchanger 20, part of the coolant after the heat exchanger of lubrication system 4 (first stage of heating), heat exchanger of the cooling system of disks and blades 5 (second stage of heating) and/or heat exchanger of flue gases 6 (third stage of heating) through pipelines 24, and/or 25, and/or 26 is supplied to heat exchanger 7 for heating and ventilation of consumers 9 , the part of the coolant remaining in the cooling circuit of the heat engine 28 is supplied through pipeline 27 to the absorption refrigeration machine 8 to obtain cold used for cooling consumers 10. The coolant cooled in heat exchangers 7, 8 and 20 is transferred by pump 18 for heating to heat exchangers 4, 5 , 6. If there is no need for thermal energy, excess heat is removed through dry cooling towers 12 into the atmosphere.

For example, when the installation is operating in mode II, in the case of coolant selection for hot water supply after the heat exchanger of the third heating stage, coolant with a temperature of 103.14°C is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine through pipeline 27.

In the case of selecting 30% of the coolant for the purpose of hot water supply, after the second stage heat exchanger, coolant with a temperature of 112.26 ° C is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine, which increases the cooling capacity (according to Fig. 2) by 22%.

In the case of selecting 30% of the coolant for the purpose of hot water supply, after the first stage heat exchanger, coolant with a temperature of 115.41 ° C is supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine, which increases the cooling capacity (according to Fig. 2) by 30%.

The technical result that can be obtained by implementing the invention is to increase the coefficient of performance and refrigeration power of an absorption refrigeration machine by increasing the temperature of the coolant removed from the engine cooling circuit. The use of a coolant with higher parameters, obtained as a result of reducing its average flow rate in the cooling circuit of a heat engine due to the removal of part of the coolant when it reaches the required temperature for heat supply needs, makes it possible to increase the refrigerating capacity of an absorption refrigeration machine.

Information sources

1. Patent No. 2815486 (France), publ. 04/19/2002, IPC F01N 5/02-F02B 63/04; F02G 5/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/04; F01N 5/00; F02B 63/00; F02G 5/00; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/00.

2. Patent No. 2005331147 (Japan), publ. 02.12.2005, MPK F25B 27/00; F25B 25/02; F25B 27/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 25/00; F25B 27/02.

3. Patent No. 20040061773 (Korea), publ. 07/07/2004, manual gearbox F02G 5/00; F02G 5/00.

4. Patent No. 20020112850 (USA), publ. 08/22/2002, IPC F01K 23/06; F02G 5/04; F24F 5/00; F01K 23/06; F02G 5/00; F24F 5/00.

CLAIM

A method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, including the conversion of the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, the transfer of coolant heated in the cooling circuit of a heat engine, and exhaust gases using heat exchangers of at least two heating stages, for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for obtaining cold in an absorption refrigeration machine, characterized in that part of the coolant is allocated for the purposes of hot water supply, heating and ventilation before the heat exchangers of the second and/or subsequent heating stages, depending on the required coolant temperature in hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems, the remaining part of the coolant is supplied after the heat exchanger of the last heating stage into the absorption refrigeration machine.

A trigeneration system is a combined heat and power production system coupled to one or more refrigeration units. The thermal part of the trigeneration plant is based on a steam generator with heat recovery, which is powered by using exhaust gases from the primary engine. The prime mover connected to the alternator powers the production electrical energy. Periodically occurring excess heat is used for cooling.

Application of trigeneration

Trigeneration is actively used in the economy, in particular in the food industry, where there is a need for cold water for use in technological processes. For example, in the summer, breweries use cold water for cooling and storing the finished product. On livestock farms, water is used to cool milk. Frozen food producers work with low temperatures year-round.

Trigeneration technology makes it possible to convert up to 80% of the thermal power of a cogeneration plant into cold, which significantly increases the total efficiency of the cogeneration plant and increases the coefficient of its power resources.

The trigeneration plant can be used all year round, regardless of the season. Recovered heat during trigeneration is effectively used in winter for heating, in summer for air conditioning and for technological needs.

The use of trigeneration is especially effective in the summer, when excess heat generated by mini-CHP is generated. Excess heat is sent to an adsorption machine to produce chilled water for use in the air conditioning system. This technology saves energy that would normally be consumed by a forced cooling system. IN winter period the adsorption machine can be switched off if there is no need for large quantities chilled water.

Thus, the trigeneration system allows 100% of the heat generated by the mini-CHP to be used.

Energy efficiency and high cost efficiency

Optimizing energy consumption is an important task, not only from the point of view of saving energy resources, but also from an environmental point of view. Today, energy saving is one of the most current problems worldwide. At the same time, the majority modern technologies heat production leads to high degree air pollution.

Trigeneration, in which the combined production of electrical, thermal and refrigeration energy occurs, is today one of the most effective technologies increasing energy efficiency and environmental safety of mini-CHP.

Energy savings when using trigeneration technologies reach 60%.

Advantages and disadvantages

Compared with traditional technologies The trigeneration cooling system has the following advantages:

Heat is a source of energy, which allows the use of excess thermal energy, which has a very low cost;
The generated electrical energy can be supplied to the general power grid or used to meet one’s own needs;
The heat can be used to meet thermal energy needs during the heating season;
They require minimal maintenance costs due to the absence of moving parts in adsorption refrigeration units that could be subject to wear;
Silent operation of the adsorption system;
Low operating costs and low lifetime costs;
Water is used as a refrigerant instead of substances that destroy the ozone layer.

The adsorption system is simple and reliable to use. The energy consumption of the adsorption machine is low because there is no liquid pump.

However, such a system also has a number of disadvantages: large dimensions and weight, as well as a relatively high cost due to the fact that today a limited number of manufacturers are engaged in the production of adsorption machines.

Owners of patent RU 2457352:

The invention relates to thermal power engineering. The method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold includes the conversion of the heat of combustion products into mechanical energy using a heat engine, the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy in an electric generator, the transfer of coolant heated in the cooling circuit of the heat engine and exhaust gases using heat exchangers of at least two heating stages, for heating, hot water supply and ventilation and for obtaining cold in an absorption refrigeration machine. Part of the coolant is diverted for the purposes of hot water supply, heating and ventilation before the heat exchangers of the second and/or subsequent heating stages, depending on the required temperature of the coolant in the hot water supply, heating and ventilation systems. The remaining part of the coolant is supplied after the heat exchanger of the last heating stage into the absorption refrigeration machine. The proposed method allows you to increase the refrigeration coefficient and the production of AHM cold. 2 ill.

The invention relates to thermal power engineering and can be used in the combined production of heat, cold and electricity.

There is a known method of operation of a mobile unit for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold, in which a generator converts the mechanical energy of a rotating engine shaft into electricity, the exhaust gases passing through a heat exchanger give off heat to a coolant liquid for heat supply during the heating season or are used in an absorption refrigeration machine for cold supply in summer period.

The disadvantages of this method of operation of the installation include low efficiency associated with the release of a significant part of unused thermal energy into the atmosphere.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is the method of operation of an installation for generating electricity, heat and cold, in which a heat engine produces mechanical work that is converted into electrical energy using an electric generator. The waste heat of lubricating oil, coolant and exhaust gases removed through the heat exchangers of the first, second and third heating stages from the heat engine is utilized to supply heat to consumers. During the warm season, the recovered heat is partially used to provide consumers with hot water, and partially supplied to an absorption refrigeration machine to provide cold air conditioning systems.

However, this technical solution is characterized by a relatively low temperature of the coolant (80°C) supplied from the heat engine, which leads to a decrease in the coefficient of performance and refrigeration power of the absorption refrigeration machine.

The objective of the invention is to increase the coefficient of performance and refrigeration capacity by increasing the temperature of the coolant supplied to the absorption refrigeration machine.

The task is achieved as follows.

Due to the removal of part of the coolant for the needs of hot water supply, heating and ventilation, the mass flow rate of the heated coolant supplied to the heat exchangers of subsequent heating stages will decrease, which means, other things being equal, without increasing the heating surface area, the temperature of the heated coolant leaving these heat exchangers increases. Increasing the temperature of the coolant discharged into the absorption refrigeration machine makes it possible to increase its refrigeration coefficient and, accordingly, its cooling capacity.

The proposed method for the combined production of electricity, heat and cold is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of one of the possible power plants with which the described method can be implemented.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the relative cooling capacity of an absorption refrigeration machine on the temperatures of the cooled, cooling and heating water.

The power plant contains the following elements: 1 - air compressor, 2 - combustion chamber, 3 - gas turbine, 4 - heat exchanger for the turbine lubrication system (first heating stage), 5 - heat exchanger for cooling turbine disks and blades (second heating stage), 6 - heat exchanger exhaust (exhaust) gases (third stage of heating), 7 - heat exchanger of the heat supply system (heating, ventilation of consumers), 8 - absorption refrigeration machine, 9 - heat consumer (heating and ventilation), 10 - cold consumer, 11 - hot water consumer, 12 - dry cooling tower of the power plant, 13 - cooling tower of the refrigeration machine, 14 - pump of the circulating water supply circuit of the refrigerator, 15 - pump of the cold supply circuit of consumers, 16 - pump of the hot water supply circuit of consumers, 17 - pump of the heat supply circuit (heating and ventilation), 18 - pump cooling circuit of the heat engine, 19 - electric generator, 20 - heat exchanger of the hot water supply system for consumers, 21, 22, 23 - pipelines for supplying the heating fluid to the heat exchanger of the hot water supply system (20), 24, 25, 26 - pipelines for supplying the heating fluid to the heat exchanger (7 ) heat supply systems (heating and ventilation), 27 - supply pipeline of the heating coolant of the absorption refrigeration machine, 28 - cooling circuit of the heat engine.

The installation method is as follows.

In compressor 1, the process of compressing atmospheric air occurs. From compressor 1, air enters combustion chamber 2, where sprayed fuel is continuously supplied under pressure through nozzles. From combustion chamber 2, combustion products are sent to gas turbine 3, in which the energy of combustion products is converted into mechanical energy of shaft rotation. In the electrical generator 19 this mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. Depending on the heat load, the installation operates in one of three modes:

Mode I - with heat release for heating, ventilation and hot water supply;

Mode II - with heat supplied to hot water supply and absorption refrigerator;

III mode - with heat supply for heating, ventilation and hot water supply and for absorption refrigerator;

Information sources

1. Patent No. 2815486 (France), publ. 04/19/2002, IPC F01N 5/02-F02B 63/04; F02G 5/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/04; F01N 5/00; F02B 63/00; F02G 5/00; F25B 27/00; F25B 30/00.

2. Patent No. 2005331147 (Japan), publ. 02.12.2005, MPK F25B 27/00; F25B 25/02; F25B 27/02; F25B 27/00; F25B 25/00; F25B 27/02.

3. Patent No. 20040061773 (Korea), publ. 07/07/2004, manual gearbox F02G 5/00; F02G 5/00.

4. Patent No. 20020112850 (USA), publ. 08/22/2002, IPC F01K 23/06; F02G 5/04; F24F 5/00; F01K 23/06; F02G 5/00; F24F 5/00.

To date, several similar projects have already been implemented in Russia. In particular, in Moscow, the Sberbank Corporate University and the recently built Spartak stadium are equipped with trigeneration systems. There are also regional examples. Thus, the trigeneration energy center of a large shopping center in Perm, being built by the Carmenta group of companies, is of some interest.

Construction of a five-story shopping center on Karpinsky Street began in 2013, and delivery is planned for early 2016. The total area of the facility is 29 thousand m2. The required estimated energy consumption of the shopping center for electricity is 1500 kW, for heat - 2700 kW, for cold - 1800 kW.

To ensure energy supply for this facility, the design organization Energoplanner LLC selected Bosch CHP CE 400 NA gas piston units with a power of 400 kW in combination with LG absorption chillers.

When operating a gas piston (GPU) or gas turbine (GTU) unit with 1 kW of generated electricity, it is possible to receive from 1 to 2 kW of thermal energy as hot water. IN shopping centers the electrical load is fairly uniform throughout the year, and the need for cold is comparable to the active electrical power. From hot water using ABHM we obtain cold with an average coefficient of 0.75. Thus, depending on the type of power plants, from their heat you can get from 50 to 100% of the required cold. The result is an extremely energy efficient system. The lack of heat, as well as the reserve, is provided by conventional hot water boilers, whose efficiency is close to 99%.

During development schematic diagram For refrigeration, the use of both vapor compression and absorption chillers was considered. The choice was made in favor of the second option due to its advantages in both operating and capital costs.

Absorption chillers are economical and environmentally friendly. They are simple, reliable and do not have pumps in their design. Their overall thermal efficiency is high - up to 86%, part of which (up to 40%) comes from electrical energy. In trigenerators based on internal combustion engines, both single-stage and two-stage systems can be used. Since cogeneration schemes produce heat, usually in the form of water thermal energy, a single-stage system is preferred. Along with simplicity, such a scheme allows you to utilize more heat.

To ensure power supply to the facility, the design organization selected Bosch CHP CE 400 NA gas piston units with a power of 400 kW in combination with LG absorption chillers

Single-stage lithium bromide plants operate at hot water low (up to 90 °C) temperatures, while two-stage absorption systems require heat at a temperature of about 170 °C, characteristic of steam. A single-stage lithium bromide absorption system is capable of cooling water to a temperature of 6-8 ° C and has a cold-to-heat conversion coefficient of about 0.7. The conversion factor of a two-stage system is about 1.2. So, absorption systems provide cooling power equal to 0.7-1.2 times the power received from the heat source. When connected to a trigenerator installation of compressor refrigeration units Temperatures below 0 °C can be obtained.

The characteristic features of trigeneration plants are:

efficiency (excess heat is used to produce cold);
minimal wear (simple ABHM design);
low noise;
environmental friendliness (water is used as a refrigerant);
high KIT.

Absorption chillers (ABCMs) produce chilled water by using two substances (such as water and lithium bromide salt) in thermal equilibrium, separated by heating, and then reunited by heat rejection. The targeted supply and removal of heat under vacuum conditions at variable pressure (approximately 8 and 70 mbar) creates an imbalance of substances, thus forcing them to desorption or absorption. To produce chilled water in the temperature range of 6 to 12 °C, water (refrigerant) and lithium bromide salt (absorbent) are typically used. To produce low-temperature cold down to -60 ° C, ammonia (refrigerant) and water (absorbent) are used.

A feature of absorption refrigeration machines is the use of a thermochemical compressor rather than a mechanical one to compress refrigerant vapors.

The choice of gas piston installation was carried out based on a combination of many parameters, among which various resource indicators, cost Maintenance, technical and dynamic characteristics.

Compared with alternative options Bosch installations have demonstrated a number of advantages, including a higher useful action, amounting to 38.5%, higher speed of loading and unloading (40%), as well as higher resource indicators before major repairs (44 thousand hours). Their significant advantage was also high quality power supply - automatically adjustable cos(qp) indicator with the ability to regulate supply reactive power to the network.

In total, it is planned to install three gas turbine units with a capacity of 400 kW and two absorption machines at the facility, one of which will be equipped with a burner device. To cover peak heat consumption loads, it is planned to install a Buderus gas boiler. Also, a cascade control cabinet MMS was designed specifically for this project in Germany to ensure emergency operation. As for the economic indicators of the project, the total capital costs will be about 85 million rubles with a payback period of five years.

It should be noted that this project in the field of trigeneration was a pilot project for equipment supply companies and required solving a number of complex problems. In particular, it took some time to prepare and obtain the necessary documentation, conduct training for design organization, solving service issues.

“This is a landmark project both for us and for the companyLG in Russia. The implementation of such projects helps to fully demonstrate the advantages of trigeneration technology and the quality of the solutions offered,”— comments Dmitry Nikolaenko, head of mini-thermal power plants at Bosch Thermotekhnika.

About Bosch CHP units

Bosch CHP gas piston units are one of the many areas of Bosch Thermal Engineering Division. They are produced in a power range from 19 to 400 kW for electrical energy generation. At the same time, the initial fuel savings compared to the separate generation of thermal and electrical energy can reach 40%. The use of this equipment can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The units can be supplied as a complete, complete module consisting of a motor, connecting parts, a generator, a heat exchanger and a cooling circuit. Using a control system, the thermal power plant can be combined with a heating boiler from Bosch, as well as with cooling systems.

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