Presentation “Diversity of animals. Which fish eats which? Predatory lake fish
STUDY PROCEDURE:1. Organizational moment.2. The attention game "Boy, girl, flower."Rules of the game: students take turns calling one word at a time: the first player is the name of the boy, the second is the name of the girl, the third is the name of the flower, the fourth is again the name of the boy, etc. At the end of the game – discussion: what was superfluous in this group of words and why? 3. Exercise "The fourth extra". The teacher reads out rows of words, in each row one word is superfluous according to essential features. You need to find this word and explain why it is superfluous (in one row there may be several options for the correct completion of the task). It is advisable to give a sample answer: “Excess is ..., because all the others are ... (a common feature is indicated), and this is ... (a difference is called)”. For example, given the words: ice cream, butter, cheese, loaf; an extra word is a loaf, because all other products are made from milk, and a loaf is made from flour. It is recommended to discuss 3-4 rows of words collectively, and offer 5-6 rows for independent execution in a notebook (exercise "Test yourself"). Examples of words for the game: Swan, duck, chicken, goose; Sofa, table, armchair, chair; Spruce, pine, fir, cedar; Carp, shark, dolphin, pike; Album, book, notepad, notebook; Russia, America, Africa, Brazil; Bank, bottle, pot, jug; Pushkin, Chukovsky, Marshak, Barto; Earthquake, rain, storm, tornado; Briefcase, bag, suitcase, backpack; TV, tape recorder, radio, vacuum cleaner; Blueberry, blackberry, fern, raspberry; Legend, story, fairy tale, epic; Dark, light, blue, bright; Nest, burrow, gatehouse, chicken coop; Football, basketball, volleyball, tennis; Hunger, greed, thirst, cold; Laughter, joke, laughter, smile; Gradually, quickly, hastily, soon; 4. Conversation about the concept of "class". In the game, after eliminating the superfluous, 3 words remained, united by some common feature. We can say that these words formed a group, or "class". Even at preschool age, a child learns to combine words into groups, knows how to perform tasks like: “Apples, pears - how to call them in one word? Name a few more words that are part of this group "or" Name the birds. Schoolchildren also often face similar tasks, but more complex in content, for example: “Name the geometric shapes”, “List the parts of the word”, “Rain, snow, fog - what one word can they be called?”. The teacher offers to give examples of classes of objects that students know, which they do not know yet (but just heard about it). The teacher gives a definition: "A class is a collection of objects united according to some essential feature."
- Exercise "Four extra".
- Group work.
- Word drop game.
The action, when a set of objects is divided into groups according to some characteristics, is called classification. Notebook entry: Classification - division (partitioning) into classes. -There are classification rules, we will talk about them today in the lesson. First, two examples of division into classes: "Houses are divided into one-story and multi-story" and "Houses are divided into brick and multi-story." What do you think, in which case the division was made correctly? Justify your answer.
Indeed, the basic rule of classification is the division into
classes on one basis (attribute). In the first sentence of the house
divided by number of storeys, and in the second by material and by number of storeys - so wrong. Change the second sentence like this
to get it right. Take the sign as the basis for division
"material".
those in which errors were made, and try to correct them. Examples of classifications (incorrect ones are marked with an asterisk): birds are divided into migratory and waterfowl; * sounds are divided into vowels and consonants; animals are divided into domestic and dinosaurs; * mushrooms are divided into edible and inedible; tasks are simple and on the movement; * plants are divided into trees and wild; watches are divided into wrist and gold; * people are divided into men and children; * numbers are divided into odd and even. Notebook entry: Classification rules: 1. The division should take place only on one basis. - In the following classifications, the division is carried out according to one basis. But see if they still contain errors? Examples of classifications: Animals are divided into birds, insects, mammals; The figures are divided into circles, triangles and squares; In a word, a prefix and an ending can be distinguished; Transport is divided into land and air. Conclusion: in all these classifications, the division was not carried out enough, since not all classes are listed (there are also other classes of animals, figures, parts of speech, transport). This means that the correct division should be such that the sum of all classes is equal to the entire scope of the concept. The teacher suggests correcting these examples of classifications. When dividing, you must specify all classes or add the words "and others", "etc." 2. The division must be proportionate. What classification rule is violated in this case? Examples of classifications:
- Artists are divided into those who sing and those who dance; Students are divided into those who like to read and those who like to go to the movies; There are numbers that are divisible by 2 and those that are divisible by 3.
Fish are a superclass of aquatic vertebrates. They are characterized by gill breathing. They are distributed in both fresh and salt waters; both in mountain streams and in deep ocean trenches. These creatures play a critical role in many aquatic ecosystems and are of great economic importance to humans. This is their brief description. As you may have guessed, this article will focus on fish, in particular the predatory inhabitants of the underwater kingdom. We will tell you about the most famous and striking predators: you will find out what they eat and what kind of fish eats.
Some lyrics...
As a rule, on a fine sunny day, the water surface reminds us of a large mirror. One has only to look into this "mirror", as clouds floating through the heavens, as well as trees leaning over a reservoir, will be immediately visible in it. At this moment it may seem that the reservoir is empty and dead, but it is not at all! In fact, life is in full swing under this mirror surface! Sometimes there even flare up serious passions. One of the main characters in this underwater "play" are fish. You won’t immediately understand which fish eats which, but it happens there with enviable regularity!
Who are the fish?
We have presented a brief scientific description of these animals above. In simple terms, fish are usually called all vertebrates that inhabit fresh and salt water sources. Almost all fish have paired limbs, represented by fins, and their respiratory organs are gills. From the point of view of zoological classification, fish is a common name that unites 6 independent classes (groups) that differ from each other in one way or another, one of which indicates that the fish belongs to predatory or peaceful individuals. In this article, we are more interested in predators. Let's find out which fish eats which.
perch
This is a typical inhabitant of fresh water bodies of our country. Common perch belongs to the most numerous class of highly organized fish - to ray-finned ones. Its body is laterally compressed, has an oval shape and consists of three sections: head, torso, tail. Perch, like all other fish, breathes with gills, so oxygen is vital to it. And he has it, but not quite the same as ours: fish extract oxygen not from the air, but from the water. To do this, the fish is forced to swallow air through the mouth, driving it through the gill cavity, located under the gill covers.
What does the common perch eat?
Common perch is a predatory lake fish. It is found in rivers, lakes, ponds, reservoirs in Europe and North Asia. The perch was brought to Africa, New Zealand, Australia. The diet of these fish is made up of others. Initially, the perch fry feed on zooplankton, and as soon as they grow up, they begin to hunt the young of other perch and cyprinids. These fish begin to feed on fry of other relatives, as a rule, in the second year of their life. With age, the common perch turns to hunting for larger and more mobile fish.
How do perches hunt?
Adults are agile and fairly strong predators. They swim very fast, sometimes stopping completely, but then instantly rush forward. These fish have a huge mouth located at the front end of the head. In the mouth, even with the naked eye, you can see the jaws, studded with numerous teeth, however, small ones. If perches start their hunt, then someone will definitely not be in trouble!
Predatory lake fish can pursue their prey long and hard. The perch rushes after it, opening its huge mouth and making a kind of “champing”. Fishermen say that a frightened victim often jumps out of the water, but this still does not save her: the perch gets what he wants. Sometimes these predators, too carried away by the pursuit of their prey, run aground after it, and sometimes onto the coastal sand ... In general, perches are predators from God: these voracious creatures will not miss a single living creature that can fit in their wide mouth .
Common pike
Common pike is a predatory fish that inhabits the fresh waters of North America and all of Eurasia. Usually it can be found in the coastal zone, in water thickets, in slow-flowing or completely stagnant waters. From this point of view, pikes are river predators. But often they are also found in desalinated areas of certain seas. For example, you can meet pike in the Riga, Finnish and Baltic Seas, as well as in the Taganrog Bay of the Sea of Azov. So from this point of view, pikes are predatory fish of the sea.
What does the common pike eat?
Its main diet is based on representatives of various types of fish. For example, they are happy to attack:
- perches;
- ruff;
- minnows;
- scavengers;
- minnows;
- bream;
- goltsov;
- sculpin gobies.
Answering the question about which fish eats what, avid fishermen say that it is the pike that comes to mind that eats roach with pleasure. It is understandable: the fact is that the pike is the unspoken symbol of all river predators in our country, and the roach is her favorite food.
Ichthyologists describe cases when these fish grabbed and dragged mice, rats, little ducklings, waders and even squirrels into the water! All these animals crossed freshwater bodies during their seasonal migrations. Large individuals can generally attack adult ducks, especially during their molt. In spring and at the beginning of the summer season, pikes readily feed on crayfish and frogs. By the way, a fish that is almost twice the size of the predator itself can often become a victim of a pike!
The most dangerous and predatory fish on Earth - white shark
The predatory fish, called the man-eating shark, carcharodon, or great white shark, is the most feared and one of the largest fish on our planet. On average, these predators grow up to 4.7 meters in length, however, ichthyologists have recorded individual individuals reaching 7 meters in length and weighing up to 1900 kilograms. Sharks do not have bones, their skeleton consists entirely of cartilage. The skin of many of them is covered with razor-sharp spines. It is curious that the inhabitants of some islands use shark skin as a grinding material.
Where do white sharks live?
Their distribution area is huge! These predators live in open oceans and coastal waters of the island and continental shelves, the temperature of which reaches 13-25 degrees Celsius. But there are also sharks who prefer to swim in tropical waters. The main territory of the accumulation of these monsters is the coastal waters of Baja California (Mexico), California (USA), New Zealand, Australia, South Africa and the Mediterranean Sea. This terrible fish can be found (but it is better not to meet!) And off the East coast of the USA, off the coast of the island of Cuba, Argentina, Brazil, etc. It inhabits the Red Sea (Indian Ocean), the Seychelles, the waters of Mauritius, etc.
What does the white shark eat?
White sharks are predatory fish (photo below), devouring everything in their path. “A wolf on land is a shark in the sea,” sailors say. And not in vain! These dangerous predators pursue ships in flocks in anticipation that a person or other living creatures will fall into the water. But, as a rule, this does not happen, so white sharks (and sharks in general) with great pleasure eat everything that ill-mannered people throw not into trash cans, but straight from ships into the seas and oceans:
- cans;
- flasks;
- empty bottles;
- disposable tableware;
- other rubbish.
If we talk about animal feed, then these fish hunt mainly in the daytime and eat animals such as:
- slopes;
- tuna;
- other sharks;
- dolphins;
- porpoises;
- whales;
- seals;
- seals;
- sea turtles;
- birds.
White sharks can also be scavengers: they will never bypass the carcass of a dead whale. By the way, the hunting tactics of these predators directly depends on this or that prey. For example, near Forces Island, they attack Cape seals at high speeds, and off the coast of California they immobilize the northern ones, these sea predators grab right from the surface of the water, dragging them with them into the depths of the sea.
To develop children's knowledge about the main groups of animals: insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
To expand the knowledge of children about the diversity of animals, introduce them to worms, crustaceans, arachnids and molluscs.
To acquaint with the classification of animals and their group characteristics.
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The lesson of the environment.
Topic: Diversity of animals.
Goals: 1. To develop children's knowledge about the main groups of animals: insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals.
2. Expand children's knowledge of the diversity of animals, introduce worms, crustaceans, arachnids and mollusks.
3. Learn to compare and identify essential features.
4. Introduce the classification of animals and their group characteristics.
Planned results:students will learn to classify animals according to their group characteristics, identify them using the atlas-determinant, argue, draw conclusions.
Equipment:
- task cards;
- table printouts;
- a folding book "Diversity of Animals";
- "cube of insects";
- handout demonstration material with pictures of animals;
- presentation "Diversity of animals";
- laptop, screen, multimedia projector;
- illustrated encyclopedia "Zoology";
- cards with the image of animals for the game "Find out by description" (raccoon, woodpecker, dragonfly).
During the classes.
I. Organizational moment.
The long-awaited call is given,
The lesson starts.
And books and notebooks
And thoughts are fine.
II. Knowledge update. Motivation.
What 4 large groups (kingdoms) do scientists divide living beings into?(slide number 2) (Plants, animals, fungi, bacteria.)
Game "Find out who I am?".
The animal is guessed. It is described from complex to simple. One of the students acts as an animal (he prepares his performance in advance). He talks about
animal in one sentence. In his hands he holds a card with the image of an animal, but does not show it to the class until the guys guess.
If the guys guessed the animal quickly, anyway, the description of this animal is heard to the end.
Raccoon (poloskun).
1. I feed my children with milk and lick their fur.
2. I have a strong build, but I am very agile.
3. I am more afraid of dogs than people.
4. My varied diet consists of rodents, rabbits, birds, eggs, frogs, fish, insects, acorns, fruits, carrion and grains.
5. I live in a hollow tree, among stones, or in a large hole.
6. I am a nocturnal animal.
7. I have very curious and smart fingers.
8. I prefer to live near rivers and lakes.
9. The black mask under my eyes helps me hunt; Before I eat my food, I like to rinse it in water.
Woodpecker.
1. My body temperature is seven degrees higher than that of a human.
2. Each of my feet has two toes in front and two in the back.
3. When I fly, I make undulating movements.
4. My stiff, spiky tail feathers help me hunt.
5. My diet consists mainly of insects - woodworms, as well as ants, acorns, flying insects, berries, plant sap.
6. My nest is a hollow in a tree, which I myself make.
7. With my beak I do wood carving.
Dragonfly.
1. I move fast now, but in my youth I moved much more slowly.
2. I usually hunt near water.
3. I eat flying insects.
4. I am a very good flyer.
5. Sometimes I have exquisite, rich coloration.
6. I have cold blood, and the skeleton is outside, not inside.
7. I have two legs more than a mouse and very big eyes.
8. My four wings make me look like a helicopter in flight.
After the end of the game, cards with the image of animals are posted on the board.
What is the name of this group of living beings in a nutshell?(The animal kingdom.)
Name the representatives of this kingdom.
Name the topic of the lesson.
Teacher. Today we will go with you to the amazing Kingdom - this is the Kingdom of animals. In the magical Kingdom, the Animal State, the animal world is also called fauna. In this state, the Goddess Fauna herself welcomes us, she carefully guards her Kingdom. Fauna in Roman mythologygoddess of forests and fields, patroness of animals.(Slide number 3.)
On slide No. 4 there are photographs of representatives of various groups of animals.
What representatives of this Kingdom do you see?(Bear, magpie, bee, pike, frog, turtle.)
To which group Can animals be included?
Children name the corresponding groups of animals, and as a result, next to the photos on the slide, group names:
- mammals (animals)
- birds
- insects
- fish
- amphibians (amphibians)
- reptiles (reptiles)
Teacher. You came to know the animal kingdom,
Their secrets and riddles will have to be guessed!
The game "Who is superfluous?" (slides #5-10)
Who is superfluous in a group? Why? What is the name of the remaining animals in one word?
The children make their guesses. There is a dispute. The teacher emphasizes disagreements, strengthens contradictions.
Again no consensus. What can we do to know exactly where the mistake is, the misconception about the animal?
(Study these groups of animals.)
Find significant distinguishing featureseach group of animals. Means, What question will we focus on in our study?(slide 11a)
What are the characteristics of each group of animals?
The teacher shows a slide with a written question. ( slide 11b)
Teacher. Where is the truth, and where is fiction, legend, lie,
You can't understand without animal science.
What science studying animals?Find the answer in the text of the textbook (p. 78).
(Zoology.)
Teacher. Animals are studied by the science of zoology. Its name comes from two Greek words: "ZON" - "animal" and "LOGOS" - "teaching".(slide 12)
And today in the animal kingdom you will be in the role of zoologists.
1st group will study mammals, 2nd - birds, 3rd - insects,
4th - fish, 5th - amphibians, 6th - reptiles.
III. Research in small groups.
Teacher. On the tables you have photographs of representatives of animals of this group, textbooks, text about this group of animals and a table that needs to be filled out.(Each group is assigned a consultant who will guide the activities of the entire team.)
Like real scientists, let's make work plan. What do we need to do to find the answer to the question?
(A work plan is written on slide No. 13.)
- Read text.
- View photos.
- Fill in the table, noting what features animals have - representatives of this group.
Group rules. (slide number 14)
- Work in a group together, remember: you are one team.
- Take an active part in the work, do not stand aside.
- Don't be afraid to speak your mind.
- Work quietly, don't try to outshout everyone. Respect the opinions of other group members.
- Work on your own, don't rely on others.
- Answer at the blackboard loudly, clearly, briefly.
- In case of an incorrect answer, do not blame anyone, answer for yourself. Remember: everyone has the right to make mistakes.
- If you cannot choose who will represent your group at the board, then use a rhyme or lot.
Students work in groups to complete the table.
Mammals or animals. | ||
Group representatives. | ||
Habitat. | ||
The structure of the body (departments). | ||
Body covers. | ||
organs of movement. | ||
Respiratory system. | ||
Reproduction. | ||
Body temperature. |
Similar tables for birds, insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish.
IV. Information exchange.
Give each group an opportunity to present information. Simultaneously with the presentation of work, children transfer dataabout essential features groups of animals into a single table. This table is an amalgamation of all the tables that the groups completed on their worksheets.
Pupils present to the attention of the audience an information product -Animal Passport.
Passport of a mammal or beast.(slide 15)
Group representatives. | Zebra, dolphin, squirrel, mole, kangaroo, bat, elephant, tiger, walrus, lion, deer, giraffe, whale… |
|
Habitat. | On land, in water, in the ground. |
|
The structure of the body (departments). | Head, neck, torso, tail, 4 legs. |
|
Body covers. | The body is covered with wool. |
|
organs of movement. | 4 legs |
|
Respiratory system. | Breathe easy. |
|
Reproduction. | They give birth to live babies.The babies are fed with milk. |
|
Body temperature. | Constant, approximately +37. Warm-blooded animals. |
Why is this group called "mammals"?
(“Mleko” is “milk.” Cubs are fed with milk.)
What is the main characteristic of this group?
(Cubs are fed with milk.)
Teacher. The birth of live cubs cannot be considered a sign characteristic of all animals. On this basis, biologists divide animals into 3 groups:
- oviparous;
- marsupials;
- placental.
The first ones, you guessed it, lay eggs (platypus, echidna).
The second carry the cubs in a bag on the stomach (kangaroo, koala).
Placental cubs develop in the mother's body (fox, whale).
Teacher. The body is covered with hair - also cannot be considered a sign characteristic of all animals. Dolphins and whales don't have fur. Like dolphins, whales, huge marine animals, breathe with lungs and give birth to live young, which they feed with their milk.
(Slide number 16) Platypus and echidna- two unusual mammals that lay eggs in soft shells.
Bird passport. (slide 17)
Group representatives. | Stork, owl, pelican, hummingbird, ostrich, peacock, penguin, woodpecker, swallow, heron... |
|
Habitat. | On land, in the air. |
|
The structure of the body (departments). | Head, |
|
Body covers. | The body is covered with feathers. |
|
organs of movement. | 2 legs, 2 wings. |
|
Respiratory system. | Lungs. |
|
Reproduction. | They are born from eggs. |
|
Body temperature. | Constant, approximately +42. It does not depend on the ambient temperature. Warm-blooded. |
What is the characteristic of all birds?
(The body is covered with feathers.)
Insect passport.(slide 18)
Group representatives. | Grasshopper, butterfly, bee, ant, dragonfly, ladybug, firefly, cricket, fly… |
|
Habitat. | Water, air, earth. |
|
The structure of the body (departments). | The body is divided into 3 parts: head, chest, abdomen. |
|
Body covers. | Chitinous cover. |
|
organs of movement. | 6 legs, 4 wings |
|
Respiratory system. | trachea |
|
Reproduction. | They are derived from eggs. |
|
Body temperature. |
Why is this group called "insects"?
(They have notches on the abdomen.)
What is the characteristic of all insects?
(Six legs.)
Fish passport. (slide 19)
Group representatives. | Shark, crucian carp, perch, pike, carp, seahorse, sturgeon, pink salmon, herring... |
|
Habitat. | Water |
|
The structure of the body (departments). | Head, body, tail. |
|
Body covers. | The body is covered with scales. |
|
organs of movement. | Fins. |
|
Respiratory system. | Gills |
|
Reproduction. | Are removed from caviar. |
|
Body temperature. | Fickle. The mobility of fish depends on the temperature of the water. Cold-blooded. |
What is the characteristic feature of fish?
(The body is covered with scales.)
Passport of an amphibian (amphibian).(slide 20)
Group representatives. | Toad, frog, newt, salamander, tree frog... |
|
Habitat. | Some life lives on land, some lives in water. |
|
The structure of the body (departments). | Head, torso, 4 legs. Some have a tail. |
|
Body covers. | ||
organs of movement. | 4 legs |
|
Respiratory system. | Gills, lungs and skin. |
|
Reproduction. | Are removed from caviar. |
|
Body temperature. | Variable, dependent on ambient temperature. They belong to cold-blooded animals. |
Why is this group called "amphibians"?
(Part of life lives on land, part - in water.)
What trait is characteristic of all amphibians?
(Naked wet skin.)
Passport of a reptile (reptile).(slide 21)
Group representatives. | Crocodile, turtle, snake, lizard, boa constrictor, chameleon... |
|
Habitat. | Mostly on dry land. |
|
The structure of the body (departments). | Head, neck, body, tail. |
|
Body covers. | The skin is dry, covered with horny scales or shell. |
|
organs of movement. | 4 legs or none at all. |
|
Respiratory system. | Lungs. |
|
Reproduction. | They are derived from eggs. |
|
Body temperature. | Variable, dependent on ambient temperature. They belong to cold-blooded animals. |
Why is this group called "reptiles"?
(These animals crawl, crawl.)
What is the characteristic of all reptiles?
(The skin is dry, covered with horny scales.)
Cold-blooded and warm-blooded animals.
To maintain life, it is extremely important to maintain a certain body temperature. Animals solve this problem in two ways. Some, like reptiles, use solar energy. They bask in the sun and cool in the shade. These animals are calledcold-blooded. Their body temperature depends on the ambient temperature. Cold-blooded animals include insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles.
Unlike them, birds and mammals get energy from food. Thanks to their skin, hair, fur or plumage, they store the energy received in the process of metabolism and maintainconstant temperaturebody regardless of the ambient temperature. They belong to warm-blooded animals.
Which group do you belong to?
What about dinosaurs?
General pivot table(slide 22)
animal groups | Distinctive features of the group |
Insects | 6 legs, notches on the abdomen. |
Fish | The body is covered with scales. They move with the help of fins. |
Amphibians | Bare wet skin. |
reptiles | Dry skin with horny scales. |
Birds | The body is covered with feathers. |
Mammals or animals | The babies are fed with milk. |
Number of species. (slide 23)
Scientists know about 1 million 500 thousand species of animals. Over a million of them insects . Pisces about 20,000 species are known amphibians - 3,400, reptiles - 6,000, birds - 8,600, animals - 4,000.
But not all animals living on Earth are known to scientists. Quite often it is possible to find new species, especially insects. Most of them are discovered in tropical forests.
Which animal group has the most species?(Insects.)
Teacher. There are more than 1 million species of insects on our planet. There are twice as many insects on Earth than all other animal species combined.
(The teacher demonstrates the Insect Cube.)
But after all, each species is thousands, millions of individual living beings. How many of them are there? Incredibly many. The total number of insects on Earth is expressed as a number consisting of one followed by 18 zeros - 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 (1 quintillion). No wonder scientists jokingly say that the Earth is a planet of insects.
Which group includes especially few species?(Amphibians.)
V. Physical education.
The hedgehog hurried to his home,
He carried supplies with him.
Through the bumps the hedgehog jumped,
He ran quickly through the forest.
Suddenly he sat down and changed -
Turned into a round ball.
And then jumped up again
And hurried to the kids.
(E. Gaiterova)
VI. Primary fastening.
1. Completion of tasks in the Workbook (tasks 115-119, pp. 46-47). Work in pairs.
2. The teacher offers tasks orally. The teacher calls the signs of animals, and the students determine which group they are characteristic of.
- The body is covered with bare moist skin.(Amphibians.)
- The forelimbs are wings.(Birds.)
- They have six legs. (Insects.)
- The body is covered with wool.(Mammals.)
- They have four wings.(Insects.)
- Feeding babies with milk. (Mammals.)
- Body covered with scales. (Fish.)
- Body covered with horny scales. (Reptiles.)
- Organs of locomotion - fins. (Fish.)
- The body is covered with feathers.(Birds.)
- Respiratory organs - gills. (Fish.)
Oral tasks such as "Finish the sentence":
- Minnow, perch, roach - this is ...(fish).
- Toad, newt, frog - this is ...(amphibians).
- bee, dragonfly, cockchafer- this is ... (insects).
- Swift, bullfinch, owl - this is ...(birds).
- Zebra, bear, rabbit...(mammals).
Answers to the questions of the textbook (p. 104).
No. 5. a) guesses: grasshopper, fish.
No. 6. Dolphin is a mammal, shark is a fish.
VII. What other animals are there? Textbook work (pp. 104-105).
And to which group can the earthworm, starfish, snail be attributed?
(Student answers.)
Teacher. Zoologists divide the animal kingdom into more groups.
What groups of animals still exist?Find the answer in the textbook (p.104-105)
- Worms
- shellfish
- Crustaceans
- arachnids
- Echinoderms
Teacher. Let's get to know them better.
The material of the variable part of the textbook is presented only by drawings. Working with drawings is determined by the content of tasks 1-4 (p. 105 of the textbook). At the same time, the discussion is accompanied by a demonstration slides #24-28.
Answers to the questions of the textbook (p. 105).
No. 1. Common features of all worms - an elongated body, the walls of which consist of the skin and muscles. Movement occurs by contraction of the muscles of the body.
No. 2. All crustaceans have 10 legs: the first pair are claws, the remaining 4 pairs are walking legs. Respiratory organs - gills. These are aquatic invertebrates.
Number 3. a) All arachnids have 8 legs.
Spiders belong to the arachnid class. Unlike insects, they have 8 legs and no wings. Their body consists of two parts, but there are eight eyes. On the abdomen of the spider there are several small tubercles - glands. A liquid is released from them, which solidifies in the air in the form of a cobweb thread.
B) Arachnids differ from insects in the number of legs (insects have 6 legs).
No. 4. shellfish differ in shape, size, color. General: everyone has a head, a torso, a leg (in squids and octopuses it is modified into tentacles); have a shell (in squids and octopuses, the rest of the shell is inside the body).
Echinoderms. As the name indicates, the skin of echinoderms is armed with needles and tubercles of various lengths. All echinoderms sometimes burrow into the mud. Most echinoderms feed on animal food. Echinoderms are found only in the seas and oceans. These include starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies, sea cucumbers.
VIII. Organization of information.
How many groups of animals we have identified! Each has certain distinguishing features. And can we unite some groups on the basis of similarity?(Invertebrates and vertebrates.)
How do you think these groups of animals differ from each other?
Vertebratesare animals that have a backbone.
What groups of animals will we classify as invertebrates?
Which ones are for vertebrates?
Animals (slide 29)
invertebrates vertebrates
fish worms
shellfish amphibians
echinoderm reptiles
crustacean birds
arachnid mammals
insects
IX. Linking information. Generalization.
U.- So, What groups of animals can be found in the Animal Kingdom?
D. - The animal kingdom is diverse. It includes animals (or mammals), birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, insects, arachnids, crustaceans, echinoderms, mollusks, worms.
U.- Each group of animals has its ownfeaturesthrough which we can recognize animals.
D.- (Referring to the pivot table.)
- Insects have 6 legs.
- In fish, the body is covered with scales.
- Amphibians have bare, moist skin.
- Reptiles have dry skin, covered with horny scales or shell.
- The body of birds is covered with feathers.
- Mammals, or animals, feed their young with milk.
X. Summing up. Reflection.
W. - And now, having worked like real zoologists, having scientific knowledge about the distinguishing features of animals, can we resolve our dispute?
(Children go back to slides #5-10 about animals “Who's the odd one out here?” and identify false statements.)
1. Fox, hare, giraffe, dolphin, panda, elephant.
There are no superfluous ones: a dolphin is a mammal, gives birth to live cubs, feeds them with milk; breathes with lungs.
2. Ostrich, penguin, swallow, bat, flamingo, woodpecker.
The bat is a mammal, the body is covered with hair.
3. Butterfly, bumblebee, grasshopper, ladybug, spider, dragonfly.
A spider is not an insect, because has 8 legs, the body is divided into two parts: the cephalothorax and abdomen. Belongs to the group of arachnids.
4. Pike, perch, whale, crucian carp, shark, sturgeon.
The whale is a mammal. Like dolphins, whales breathe with lungs, give birth to live babies and feed them with their milk.
5. Frog, snail, toad, newt, tree frog, salamander.
Snail. This is a clam. It has a soft body protected by a shell.
6. Crocodile, turtle, lizard, chameleon, cobra, snake.
There are no extras. All reptiles. They have dry skin covered with horny scales or shell.
The game "You - to me, I - to you."
Name the animal and the group that this animal belongs to.
One student names the animal, the other the group. You can play in rows.
X. Mark.
1. The teacher evaluates the work of students in the lesson.
2. Students evaluate their work in the lesson.
(Raise the green stripe for those who had an easy time in class today, the yellow one for those who had a little difficulty, the red one for those who had a very difficult time understanding a new topic today.)
XI. Homework.
Prepare a message about one of the groups of animals (optional). In the next lesson, I will invite one student to the board, who will talk about his group of animals, without naming it. The task of the class is to recognize the group.
reptiles
Birds
Mammals or animals
Description of the presentation on individual slides:
1 slide
Description of the slide:
LESSON OF THE WORLD IN THE 3rd CLASS. "TYPES OF ANIMALS". Primary school teacher MBOU secondary school No. 14, Balei, Trans-Baikal Territory Cherednichenko Valentina Ivanovna. Where is the truth, and where is fiction, legend, lies, Without the science of animals you will not understand.
2 slide
Description of the slide:
Game "Find out who I am?". 1. My body temperature is seven degrees higher than that of a human. 2. Each of my feet has two toes in front and two in the back. 3. When I fly, I make undulating movements. 4. My stiff, spiky tail feathers help me hunt. 5. My diet consists mainly of insects - woodworms, as well as ants, acorns, flying insects, berries, plant sap. 6. My nest is a hollow in a tree, which I myself make. 7. With my beak I do wood carving.
3 slide
Description of the slide:
1. I move fast now, but in my youth I moved much more slowly. 2. I usually hunt near water. 3. I eat flying insects. 4. I am a very good flyer. 5. Sometimes I have exquisite, rich coloration. 6. I have cold blood, and the skeleton is outside, not inside. 7. I have two legs more than a mouse and very big eyes. 8. My four wings make me look like a helicopter in flight.
4 slide
Description of the slide:
The game "Who is superfluous?" 1. Fox, hare, giraffe, dolphin, panda, elephant. There are no superfluous ones: a dolphin is a mammal, gives birth to live cubs, feeds them with milk; breathes with lungs. 2. Ostrich, penguin, swallow, bat, flamingo, woodpecker. The bat is a mammal, the body is covered with hair. 3. Butterfly, bumblebee, grasshopper, ladybug, spider, dragonfly. A spider is not an insect, because has 8 legs, the body is divided into two parts: the cephalothorax and abdomen. Belongs to the group of arachnids. 4. Pike, perch, whale, crucian carp, shark, sturgeon. The whale is a mammal. Like dolphins, whales breathe with lungs, give birth to live babies and feed them with their milk.
5 slide
Description of the slide:
6 slide
Description of the slide:
7 slide
Description of the slide:
INSECT PASSPORT. 1. Representatives of the group. Grasshopper, butterfly, bee, ant, dragonfly, ladybug, firefly, cricket, fly… 2. Habitat. Water, air, earth. 3. The structure of the body (departments). The body is divided into 3 parts: head, chest, abdomen. 4. Integuments of the body. Chitinous cover. 5. Organs of movement. 6 legs, 4 wings 6. Respiratory organs. trachea 7. Reproduction. They are derived from eggs. 8. Body temperature. Variable, dependent on ambient temperature. They belong to cold-blooded animals.
8 slide
Description of the slide:
FISH PASSPORT. 1. Representatives of the group. Shark, crucian carp, perch, pike, carp, seahorse, sturgeon, pink salmon, herring... 2. Habitat. Water 3. Body structure (departments). Head, body, tail. 4. Integuments of the body. The body is covered with scales. 5. Organs of movement. Fins. 6. Respiratory organs. Gills 7. Reproduction. Are removed from caviar. 8. Body temperature. Fickle. The mobility of fish depends on the temperature of the water. Cold-blooded.
9 slide
Description of the slide:
PASSPORT OF AMPHIBIAN (AMPHIBIA). 1. Representatives of the group. Toad, frog, newt, salamander, tree frog… 2. Habitat. Some life lives on land, some lives in water. 3. The structure of the body (departments). Head, torso, 4 legs. Some have a tail. 4. Integuments of the body. The body is covered with bare moist skin. 5. Organs of movement. 4 legs 6. Respiratory organs. Gills, lungs and skin. 7. Reproduction. Are removed from caviar. 8. Body temperature. Variable, dependent on ambient temperature. They belong to cold-blooded animals.
10 slide
Description of the slide:
PASSPORT OF REPTILES (REPTILES). 1. Representatives of the group. Crocodile, turtle, snake, lizard, boa constrictor, chameleon... 2. Habitat. Mostly on dry land. 3. The structure of the body (departments). Head, neck, body, tail. 4. Integuments of the body. The skin is dry, covered with horny scales or shell. 5. Organs of movement. 4 legs or none at all. 6. Respiratory organs. Lungs. 7. Reproduction. They are derived from eggs. 8. Body temperature. Variable, dependent on ambient temperature. They belong to cold-blooded animals.
11 slide
