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School of conflict resolution in school. School conflicts

The world of children's relationships is complex and contradictory, and it is very sad if parents look at their child's life at school through rose-colored glasses. We have to admit that in addition to friendship, common interests and hobbies, there are resentments, hostility, disputes and conflicts in children's and youth groups. Let's try to figure out why unpleasant situations arise, what serves as a trigger, what adult help can be and, importantly, when exactly parents should intervene in the conflict. So, first things first.

What is conflict

Conflicts at school, types and solutions

We are accustomed to the negative meaning of the concept “conflict” and use this word to denote enmity and confrontation between people due to the dissimilarity and discrepancy of their interests, goals and norms of behavior. It is this destructive type of conflict that we will talk about today. However, in fairness, it should be noted that there is another definition, according to which conflict appears to be an important component of the development of society and does not lead to negative results. This is a constructive conflict, the result of which is that all interested parties gain valuable positive experience, which is very important for further development.

The school community is a certain society, the normal life of which is impossible without conflicts and clashes of interests. Most often, conflicts arise between students, as well as between teacher and student. Conflicts between the student’s parents and the teacher are less common. Let's figure out what their features are.

Student-student conflict

Conflicts at school

The reasons for the development of such a situation may be grievances, deception, insults, competition for authority, personal hostility or, on the contrary, sympathy, but unrequited. And children often don’t like “teacher’s favorites.”

Fortunately, most often children resolve conflicts among themselves, thereby gradually gaining experience in communicating in a team. But still, the help of adults is sometimes very necessary. However, whenever possible, it is necessary to give the child lessons in independence, so you should not interfere in the conflict until it is completely resolved. The only exceptions may be completely extraordinary cases when, without the intervention of elders, the situation literally comes to a dead end.

Usually it is enough to calmly talk with the child, explaining to him that in life there are plenty of such conflicts of interests, and one must learn to find optimal ways to solve the problem. It is very important, in a confidential environment, to give the student the opportunity to understand the motives of his opponent’s behavior; it is great if he is able to put himself in his place and understand what motivated the opponent. Then in the future the student will be able to draw conclusions and learn to resolve conflicts without mutual insults and insults.

Student-teacher conflict

Conflicts at school

In conflicts of this kind, the main role is played by the established relationship between the teacher and the student, moreover, they see each other almost every day and there is no escape from this type of communication. The cause of conflict situations can be a student’s feeling of inferiority and undervaluation or, on the contrary, his rudeness and disobedience. On the other hand, the student may not be satisfied with the teacher’s excessive demands, his inconstancy in these very requirements, as well as the teacher’s failure to fulfill his own promises.

In such situations, solving the problem falls on the shoulders of adults. In any case, the wisdom of elders should ensure that the conflict does not develop into a serious problem; parents and teachers should be able to grasp the moment when the conflict is brewing and do everything possible to extinguish it at the very beginning.

Even if a child is wrong, even if he neglects his student responsibilities, studies poorly and does not complete assignments, in no case should you raise your voice at him, because this will cause a negative response. It’s better to forget about the command tone. The whole point is that a disobedient and uncontrollable child, as well as a child who is unsure of himself and timid, can be inspired to study well solely by faith in his abilities and constant readiness to help. And the most important thing is that adults must be able to listen and hear the child, because not a single conflict develops without a reason; everything has its own, sometimes deeply hidden, reasons.

Why do conflicts arise between classmates? There may be several reasons:
struggle for authority,
rivalry,
deceit, gossip,
insults,
grievances,
hostility towards the teacher's favorite students,
personal dislike for a person
sympathy without reciprocity,
fight for a girl (boy).
There are dozens and even hundreds of such reasons. It is necessary to correctly determine the causes of the confrontation at the very beginning of the conflict in order to find the necessary constructive solution.
It is also important to understand that not all children's conflicts require adult participation. The guys are quite capable of solving some of them themselves. In such cases, it is better for the teacher not to interfere in the course of events and not to exert pressure, but to take an observant position, only sometimes acting as an adviser. The experience of independently resolving conflicts will help adolescents develop the social skills they need in life. adult life.
If, however, the conflict has reached a stage where the teacher’s intervention is necessary, it is important to do this tactfully and carefully so as not to hurt the child’s pride or cause aggression. It is necessary to patiently and very carefully listen to both sides, along the way asking prompt questions that will enable the parties to the conflict to think and analyze the situation more carefully.
To resolve any school conflicts, there is a single algorithm:
1) It is necessary to maintain a calm environment. It will prevent it from reaching the level of insults and insults.
2) Try to assess the situation as objectively as possible.
3) It is necessary to create conditions in which the conflicting parties could conduct an open and constructive dialogue.
4) It is necessary to help students come to a common conclusion and identify a common goal.
5) It is necessary to summarize and draw conclusions that will help children interact better in the future.
In resolving any conflict, open dialogue between its participants is very important. Give the children the opportunity to calmly and without hysterics express to each other their views on the situation, talking through the most important points for them. The ability to listen is an important skill that will greatly help children in solving complex adult problems in the future. After listening to each other, the guys will be able to come to a common denominator much faster and find a solution that suits both sides.
After the conflict has been completely resolved, it is necessary to talk with each side. Do not demand a public apology; this may hurt the child's pride. It is important that the teenager trusts the adult, therefore, to create a friendly atmosphere, it is recommended to call the child by name and position him as an equal. It is necessary to explain that conflict is not a reason for worry, it is a certain life experience, of which there will be many more. And that it is much better to resolve all quarrels peacefully, without mutual reproaches and insults, and also to draw conclusions and work on mistakes.
Often a teenager shows aggression if he lacks communication and hobbies. The teacher can try to improve the situation by talking with the student's parents about their child's pastime. You can provide information about clubs or sections, about social work, which is held at school, and advise to involve the child in such activities. With his new occupation he will receive a large number of positive emotions and new acquaintances, he will have no time for quarrels and gossip.
It will also be useful for all students extracurricular activities, in which they can communicate more informally. They can be joint viewing and discussion of films, trainings for unity, outdoor recreation, etc.
Conflicts will always be present between students, and it is also always necessary to resolve them (and teach them to resolve them). After all, trusting relationships maintain a peaceful atmosphere in the classroom, while destructive relationships lead to resentment and irritation. Stopping and thinking at the moment when negative emotions surge is the most important thing in resolving conflict situations.

Lina MAKAROVA, psychology expert

In the process of professional activity In addition to his immediate responsibilities related to teaching and educating the younger generation, a teacher has to communicate with colleagues, students, and their parents.

In daily interactions, it is hardly possible to avoid conflict situations. And is it necessary? After all, by correctly resolving a tense moment, it is easy to achieve good constructive results, bring people closer, help them understand each other, and achieve progress in educational aspects.

Definition of conflict. Destructive and constructive ways to resolve conflict situations

What is conflict? Definitions of this concept can be divided into two groups. In the public consciousness, conflict is most often synonymous with hostile, negative confrontation between people due to incompatibility of interests, norms of behavior, and goals.

But there is another understanding of conflict as an absolutely natural phenomenon in the life of society, which does not necessarily lead to negative consequences. On the contrary, when choosing the right channel for its flow, it is an important component of the development of society.

Depending on the results of resolving conflict situations, they can be designated as destructive or constructive. The result of a destructive collision is dissatisfaction of one or both parties with the outcome of the collision, destruction of relationships, resentment, and misunderstanding.

A conflict is constructive, the solution of which was useful for the parties involved in it, if they built, acquired something valuable for themselves in it, and were satisfied with its result.

Variety of school conflicts. Causes and solutions

Conflict in school is a multifaceted phenomenon. When communicating with participants in school life, the teacher also has to be a psychologist. The following “debriefing” of clashes with each group of participants can become a “cheat sheet” for a teacher on exams in the subject “School Conflict”.

Conflict "Student - student"

Disagreements between children are a common occurrence, including in school life. IN in this case The teacher is not a conflicting party, but sometimes it is necessary to take part in a dispute between students.

Causes of conflicts between students

struggle for authority
rivalry
deception, gossip
insults
grievances
hostility towards the teacher's favorite students
personal dislike for a person
sympathy without reciprocity
fight for a girl (boy)

Ways to resolve conflicts between students.

How can such disagreements be resolved constructively? Very often, children can resolve a conflict situation on their own, without the help of an adult. If teacher intervention is still necessary, it is important to do so in a calm manner. It is better to do without putting pressure on the child, without public apologies, and limit yourself to a hint. It is better if the student himself finds an algorithm for solving this problem. Constructive conflict will add social skills to the child’s experience, which will help him communicate with peers and teach him how to solve problems, which will be useful to him in adult life.

After permission conflict situation, the dialogue between the teacher and the child is important. It is good to call the student by name; it is important that he feels an atmosphere of trust and goodwill. You can say something like: “Dima, conflict is not a reason to worry. There will be many more disagreements like this in your life, and that's not a bad thing. It is important to solve it correctly, without mutual reproaches and insults, to draw conclusions, to work on mistakes. Such a conflict will be useful."

A child often quarrels and shows aggression if he has no friends and hobbies. In this case, the teacher can try to correct the situation by talking with the student’s parents, recommending that the child enroll in a club or sports section, according to his interests. A new activity will not leave time for intrigue and gossip, but will give you an interesting and useful pastime and new acquaintances.

Conflict “Teacher - student’s parent”

Such conflicting actions can be provoked by both the teacher and the parent. Dissatisfaction can be mutual.

Causes of conflict between teacher and parents

different ideas of the parties about the means of education
parent's dissatisfaction with teacher's teaching methods
personal animosity
parent's opinion about the unreasonable underestimation of the child's grades

Ways to resolve conflicts with student parents.

How can such discontent be constructively resolved and stumbling blocks broken? When a conflict situation arises at school, it is important to sort it out calmly, realistically, and without distortion, look at things. Usually, everything happens in a different way: the conflicting person turns a blind eye to his own mistakes, while simultaneously looking for them in the opponent’s behavior.

When the situation is soberly assessed and the problem is outlined, it is easier for the teacher to find the true cause conflict with a “difficult” parent, evaluate the correctness of the actions of both parties, and outline the path to a constructive resolution of the unpleasant moment.

The next step on the path to agreement will be an open dialogue between the teacher and the parent, where the parties are equal. The analysis of the situation will help the teacher express his thoughts and ideas about the problem to the parent, show understanding, clarify the common goal, and together find a way out of the current situation.

After resolving the conflict, drawing conclusions about what was done wrong and what should have been done to prevent a tense moment from occurring will help prevent similar situations in the future.

Example:

Anton is a self-confident high school student who does not have extraordinary abilities. Relations with the guys in the class are cool, there are no school friends.

At home, the boy characterizes the boys with negative side, pointing out their shortcomings, fictitious or exaggerated, shows dissatisfaction with teachers, notes that many teachers underestimate his grades.

The mother unconditionally believes her son and assents to him, which further spoils the boy’s relationship with his classmates and causes negativity towards the teachers.

The volcano of conflict explodes when a parent comes to school in anger with complaints against the teachers and school administration. No amount of persuasion or persuasion has a cooling effect on her. The conflict does not stop until the child graduates from school. It is obvious that this situation is destructive.

What could be a constructive approach to solving a pressing problem?

Using the above recommendations, we can assume that Anton’s class teacher could analyze the current situation something like this: “The mother’s conflict with the school teachers was provoked by Anton. This indicates the boy’s internal dissatisfaction with his relationships with the guys in the class. The mother added fuel to the fire without understanding the situation, increasing her son’s hostility and mistrust of the people around him at school. Which caused a response, which was expressed by the cool attitude of the guys towards Anton.”

The common goal of the parent and teacher could be the desire to unite Anton's relationship with the class.

A good result can be obtained from a dialogue between the teacher and Anton and his mother, which would show the class teacher’s desire to help the boy. It is important that Anton himself wants to change. It’s good to talk with the kids in the class so that they reconsider their attitude towards the boy, entrust them with joint responsible work, and organize extracurricular activities that help unite the kids.

Conflict "Teacher - student"

Such conflicts are perhaps the most frequent, because students and teachers spend hardly less time together than parents and children.

Causes of conflicts between teacher and students

lack of unity in teachers' demands
excessive demands on the student
inconstancy of teacher's demands
failure to comply with requirements by the teacher himself
the student feels underestimated
the teacher cannot come to terms with the student's shortcomings
personal qualities of a teacher or student (irritability, helplessness, rudeness)

Resolving teacher-student conflict

It is better to defuse a tense situation without leading it to conflict. To do this, you can use some psychological techniques.

The natural reaction to irritability and raising your voice is similar actions. The consequence of a conversation in a raised voice will be an aggravation of the conflict. Therefore, the correct action on the part of the teacher would be a calm, friendly, confident tone in response to the student’s violent reaction. Soon the child will also be “infected” by the calmness of the teacher.

Dissatisfaction and irritability most often come from lagging students who do not conscientiously fulfill their school duties. You can inspire a student to succeed in their studies and help them forget about their dissatisfaction by entrusting them with a responsible task and expressing confidence that they will complete it well.

A friendly and fair attitude towards students will be the key to a healthy atmosphere in the classroom and will make it easy to follow the proposed recommendations.

It is worth noting that during the dialogue between teacher and student, it is important to take certain things into account. It is worth preparing for it in advance so that you know what to tell your child. How to say - the component is no less important. A calm tone and absence of negative emotions is what you need to receive good result. And it’s better to forget the commanding tone that teachers often use, reproaches and threats. You need to be able to listen and hear the child.

If punishment is necessary, it is worth thinking through it in such a way as to prevent humiliation of the student and a change in attitude towards him.

Example

A sixth grade student, Oksana, does poorly in her studies, is irritable and rude when communicating with the teacher. During one of the lessons, the girl interfered with other children’s assignments, threw pieces of paper at the children, and did not react to the teacher even after several comments addressed to her. Oksana did not react to the teacher’s request to leave the class either, remaining seated. The teacher's irritation led him to decide to stop teaching the lesson and leave the entire class after school after the bell rang. This, naturally, led to dissatisfaction with the guys.

Such a solution to the conflict led to destructive changes in the mutual understanding of the student and the teacher.

After the lesson, you could try to talk with the girl, show her your friendly attitude, understanding, desire to help. It's a good idea to talk to the girl's parents to find out possible reason similar behavior. Paying more attention to the girl, entrusting her with important tasks, providing assistance in completing tasks, encouraging her actions with praise - all this would be useful in the process of bringing the conflict to a constructive outcome.

A unified algorithm for resolving any school conflict

Having studied the recommendations given for each of the conflicts in school, one can trace the similarity of their constructive resolution. Let's designate it again.

The first thing that will be beneficial when a problem is ripe is calm.
The second point is to analyze the situation without vicissitudes.
The third important point is an open dialogue between the conflicting parties, the ability to listen to the interlocutor, calmly express your view on the problem of the conflict.
The fourth thing that will help you reach the desired constructive result is identifying common goal, ways to solve the problem that allow you to achieve this goal.
The last, fifth point will be conclusions that will help avoid mistakes of communication and interaction in the future.

So what is conflict? Good or evil? The answers to these questions lie in the way tense situations are resolved. The absence of conflicts in school is almost impossible. And you still have to solve them. A constructive solution brings with it trusting relationships and peace in the classroom, a destructive solution accumulates resentment and irritation. Stop and think at the moment when irritation and anger surge - important point in choosing your own way to resolve conflict situations.

Find mutual language It’s not so easy with all your classmates at once. Due to different upbringing, character, and different outlooks on life, conflicts often occur among students.

In primary school, conflicts between students are of a very harmless nature. A boy pulled a girl’s pigtail, someone shot a paper ball from a pen at his desk neighbor - such disagreements are instantly forgotten by children, and within a few minutes the warring parties can become true friends for each other.

As students grow up, their range of interests expands; they begin to understand betrayal and friendship well, so they constantly evaluate spiritual qualities each other. Here the conflict can already gain serious momentum and even develop into a real brawl.

An example of a conflict situation between students can be clearly seen in the famous feature film “Scarecrow”. There main character becomes a real outcast of the class and is constantly subjected to severe persecution by his classmates. No matter what the girl does, the offensive nickname - scarecrow - is already firmly attached to her.

Unfortunately, similar situations occur quite often in real life. When one student becomes hated by the entire class, it becomes unbearable for him to continue to exist in such a group. The so-called outcasts prefer to change their place of study instead of trying to change anything about themselves.

The reason for hatred from classmates can be the child's denunciations to teachers. In almost every class there is a real sneak who, at the first opportunity, gladly pawns all his friends to the school authorities. The class must be a single team. What children value most in their friends is loyalty.

If one of the students is caught slandering, he is immediately added to the list of real traitors. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon for classmates to use not only insults, but also fists against such informers. It seems necessary to the children to teach the sneak a lesson so that in future he will change his line of behavior. Teachers, of course, must suppress any assault in the classroom and beyond, because the school is directly responsible for the life and health of all students without exception.

Also, most children do not like arrogance. Often the top students in the class put themselves above their peers and, when the opportunity arises, try to show the rest of the kids in their place. Such arrogant behavior of a child can result in serious conflict, and the offender will certainly be punished. Moreover, there are always many more bad students than excellent students, and they are always very supportive of each other.

The eternal war between excellent students and poor students takes place in every class. Poor students, of course, feel envy of their more successful classmates. The conflict situation is also fueled by teachers, who publicly begin to praise some and shame others.

In addition, excellent students usually do not like to cheat, and, therefore, are automatically recorded as personal enemies by poor students. Some guys even manage to set up excellent students. For example, you can quietly replace test arrogant people or publicly ridicule him right in the middle of the lesson.

Various ridicule is also used - sticking a piece of paper with offensive words on the back, unexpectedly removing a chair right from under your enemy, placing a pie with jam on the seat - the list of various kinds of jokes is inexhaustible and depends only on the child’s wild imagination.

However, excellent students do not always become class outcasts. Some guys manage to study well and at the same time pay enough attention to their school friends. A poor student will always appreciate it if a classmate tries to help him pull up all the stops. Despite young age, students are already good at truly appreciating devotion and good attitude to yourself.

If a conflict occurs right during a lesson, the teacher will always intervene in the situation and calm down the raging classmates. But what if the fight happens outside of school? The student may be seriously injured, and there will be no one to separate the fighting students. Most often, during such clashes, there is a tendency for classmates to not interfere.

That is, students will stand and silently watch the picture of their peers fighting. It is almost impossible for parents to keep an eye on their child all the time, especially if the student is already in high school. That is why it is necessary with early childhood instill in your child the correct concepts about life, teach him how to be friends and find a common language with his peers.

Student-student conflicts at school occur over anything. Someone looked askance, a classmate took the girl away or did not allow her to cheat during a test - the reasons for disagreements between students can be the same as in adult life. You can make enemies with some students at school, but you can also make friends for the rest of your life. The main thing is, no matter what, always remain human and try to help your classmates in difficult times.

Conflict between students is a fairly common occurrence. Parents must definitely teach their child how to get out of such situations with dignity, so as not to further aggravate the conflict.

SCHOOL CONFLICTS

What is conflict? Definitions of this concept can be divided into two groups. In the public consciousness, conflict is most often synonymous with hostile, negative confrontation between people due to incompatibility of interests, norms of behavior, and goals.

Depending on the results of resolving conflict situations, they can be designated as destructive or constructive. The result destructive collision is dissatisfaction of one or both parties with the outcome of the collision, destruction of relationships, resentment, misunderstanding.

Constructive is a conflict, the solution of which became useful for the parties taking part in it, if they built, acquired something valuable for themselves in it, and were satisfied with its result.

Variety of school conflicts. Causes and solutions

Conflict "Student - student"

Disagreements between children are a common occurrence, including in school life. In this case, the teacher is not a party to the conflict, but sometimes it is necessary to take part in a dispute between students.

Causes of conflicts between students

rivalry

deception, gossip

insults

hostility towards the teacher's favorite students

personal dislike for a person

sympathy without reciprocity

fight for a girl (boy)

Ways to resolve conflicts between students

After resolving a conflict situation, dialogue between the teacher and the child is important. It is good to call the student by name; it is important that he feels an atmosphere of trust and goodwill. You can say something like: “Dima, conflict is not a reason to worry. There will be many more disagreements like this in your life, and that's not a bad thing. It is important to solve it correctly, without mutual reproaches and insults, to draw conclusions, to work on mistakes. Such a conflict will be useful."

Conflict “Teacher - student’s parent”

Such conflicting actions can be provoked by both the teacher and the parent. Dissatisfaction can be mutual.

Causes of conflict between teacher and parents

different ideas of the parties about the means of education

parent's dissatisfaction with teacher's teaching methods

personal animosity

parent's opinion about the unreasonable underestimation of the child's grades

Ways to resolve conflicts with student parents

After resolving the conflict, drawing conclusions about what was done wrong and what should have been done to prevent a tense moment from occurring will help prevent similar situations in the future.

Example

Anton is a self-confident high school student who does not have extraordinary abilities. Relations with the guys in the class are cool, there are no school friends. At home, the boy characterizes the children in a negative way, pointing out their shortcomings, fictitious or exaggerated, shows dissatisfaction with the teachers, and notes that many teachers lower his grades. The mother unconditionally believes her son and assents to him, which further spoils the boy’s relationship with his classmates and causes negativity towards the teachers. The volcano of conflict explodes when a parent comes to school in anger with complaints against the teachers and school administration. No amount of persuasion or persuasion has a cooling effect on her. The conflict does not stop until the child graduates from school. It is obvious that this situation is destructive.

What could be a constructive approach to solving a pressing problem? Using the above recommendations, we can assume that Anton’s class teacher could analyze the current situation something like this: “The mother’s conflict with the school teachers was provoked by Anton. This indicates the boy’s internal dissatisfaction with his relationships with the guys in the class. The mother added fuel to the fire without understanding the situation, increasing her son’s hostility and mistrust of the people around him at school. Which caused a response, which was expressed by the cool attitude of the guys towards Anton.”

The common goal of parent and teacher could be desire to unite Anton’s relationship with the class.

A good result can be obtained from a dialogue between the teacher and Anton and his mother, which would show The class teacher's desire to help the boy. It is important that Anton himself wants to change. It’s good to talk with the kids in the class so that they reconsider their attitude towards the boy, entrust them with joint responsible work, and organize extracurricular activities that help unite the kids.

Conflict "Teacher - student"

Such conflicts are perhaps the most frequent, because students and teachers spend hardly less time together than parents and children. Causes of conflicts between teacher and students

lack of unity in teachers' demands

excessive demands on the student

inconstancy of teacher's demands

failure to comply with requirements by the teacher himself

the student feels underestimated

the teacher cannot come to terms with the student's shortcomings

personal qualities of a teacher or student (irritability, helplessness, rudeness)

Resolving teacher-student conflict

It is better to defuse a tense situation without leading it to conflict. To do this, you can use some psychological techniques.

The natural reaction to irritability and raising your voice is similar actions. The consequence of a conversation in a raised voice will be an aggravation of the conflict. Therefore, the correct action on the part of the teacher would be a calm, friendly, confident tone in response to the student’s violent reaction. Soon the child will also be “infected” by the calmness of the teacher.

A friendly and fair attitude towards students will be the key to a healthy atmosphere in the classroom and will make it easy to follow the proposed recommendations.

It is worth noting that during the dialogue between teacher and student, it is important to take certain things into account. It is worth preparing for it in advance so that you know what to tell your child. How to say - the component is no less important. A calm tone and absence of negative emotions is what you need to get a good result. And it’s better to forget the commanding tone that teachers often use, reproaches and threats. You need to be able to listen and hear the child. If punishment is necessary, it is worth thinking through it in such a way as to prevent humiliation of the student and a change in attitude towards him. Example

Such a solution to the conflict led to destructive changes in the mutual understanding of the student and the teacher.

A constructive solution to the problem could look like this. After Oksana ignored the teacher’s request to stop disturbing the children, the teacher could get out of the situation by laughing it off, saying something with an ironic smile to the girl, for example: “Oksana ate a little porridge today, the range and accuracy of her throw is suffering, the last piece of paper never reached the addressee.” After this, calmly continue teaching the lesson further. After the lesson, you could try to talk with the girl, show her your friendly attitude, understanding, desire to help. It’s a good idea to talk to the girl’s parents to find out the possible reason for this behavior. Paying more attention to the girl, entrusting her with important tasks, providing assistance in completing tasks, encouraging her actions with praise - all this would be useful in the process of bringing the conflict to a constructive outcome.

A unified algorithm for resolving any school conflict

The first thing that will be useful when the problem is ripe is calmness.

The second point is situation analysis without vicissitudes.

The third important point is open dialogue between conflicting parties, the ability to listen to the interlocutor, calmly express your view on the problem of the conflict.

The fourth thing that will help you reach the desired constructive result is identifying a common goal, ways to solve the problem that allow you to achieve this goal.

The last, fifth point will be conclusions that will help you avoid communication and interaction mistakes in the future.

So what is conflict? Good or evil? The answers to these questions lie in the way tense situations are resolved. The absence of conflicts in school is almost impossible. And you still have to solve them. A constructive solution brings with it trusting relationships and peace in the classroom, a destructive solution accumulates resentment and irritation. Stopping and thinking at the moment when irritation and anger surge is an important point in choosing your way to resolve conflict situations.

Conflict (lat. Conflictus - collision) -

1. Collision of opposite sides, lines, forces, states; serious disagreement.

2. The contradiction on which the relationships between the characters of a literary work are built. (Dictionary of Foreign Words. M., 2006).

Conflict (from Latin Conflictus - collision) is a collision of multidirectional goals, interests, positions, opinions or views of the subjects of interaction, fixed by them in a rigid form.

The basis of any conflict is a situation that includes either opposing positions of the parties on any issue, or opposing goals or means of achieving them in given circumstances, or a divergence of interests, desires, inclinations of opponents, etc. The conflict situation thus contains subject possible conflict and its an object. However, for a conflict to begin to develop, an incident is necessary in which one of the parties begins to act in a way that infringes on the interests of the other party. If the opposite side responds in kind, the conflict will potential goes into current and can further develop as direct or indirect, constructive. The subject of interaction in a conflict can be an individual (intrapersonal conflict), or two or several persons (interpersonal conflict). Depending on the conflict situation, intergroup, interorganizational, class, and interstate conflicts are distinguished. Interethnic conflicts are included in a special group. A conflict can be constructive when opponents do not go beyond business arguments and relationships. In this case, various behavioral strategies can be observed. R. Blake and J. Mouton highlight: rivalry(confrontation) - accompanied by an open struggle for one’s interests; cooperation aimed at finding a solution that satisfies the interests of all parties; compromise-settlement disagreements through mutual concessions; avoidance, which consists in the desire to get out of a conflict situation without resolving it, without conceding one’s own, but without insisting on one’s own; device- the tendency to smooth out contradictions by sacrificing one’s interests. The generalized expression of these behavioral strategies is characterized as corporatism and assertiveness.

Philosophers understand conflict as a category that reflects the stage of development of the category “contradiction”, when the opposites existing in a contradiction turn into extreme opposites, reaching the moment of mutual negation of each other and the removal of the contradiction. The more complex the conflict, the greater the strength it requires. In domestic and foreign conflictology, there are many classifications of types of conflicts.

Specifics of pedagogical conflict.

Pedagogical conflict occupies a special place. It differs significantly from what we talked about above. Here, the subjects of the conflict are obviously unequal in level of development. A teacher is a person with extensive life experience; he has a developed ability to comprehend the situation. The child has little life experience, his behavior is impulsive, his will is weak, and his ability for analytical activity is poorly developed. That is why the teacher must skillfully bring it to its logical conclusion so that it allows the child’s personality to rise to new level development.

The fundamental difference between these conflicts is that in them the interests of the teacher as the subject of the conflict turn into the interests of the child. The child, due to the weak development of his self-awareness, lives and acts based on situational interest, interest of the “I want here and now” type.

The contradiction arises not between two subjects, but between two interests of different nature. The child does not know this, but the teacher knows, the bearer of the child’s interests, which are extended over time and irrelevant for the child for a while. this moment, filled with momentary interests.

In a pedagogical conflict, the child’s “situational interest” is opposed to the sociocultural norm presented by the teacher, which, however, must certainly be implemented by the child in the “interests of development.” The collision is transferred to the field of the child’s interests entirely, because the teacher is a professional person whose activities are aimed at achieving precisely the interests of the child - but with an orientation towards his development, entry into culture, requiring efforts from the child. When we say that the interests of the teacher in a conflict turn into the interests of the student, we want to say that the conflict unfolds on the same field. And then the conflict looks somehow strange: it exists and it doesn’t, because there is no clash of conflicting interests of two subjects, but in fact there are conflicting interests of the same subject, that is, the child. The schematic picture of the pedagogical conflict is modified and no longer looks so impeccably beautiful (Scheme):

As we see, the entire conflict has moved into the field of the child’s interests, and there the struggle unfolds, it is there that the clash takes place. The teacher creates such a collision and initiates the child’s intense spiritual work. The teacher, who transfers the conflict into the field of interests of the child, promotes it spiritual development, and a teacher who proceeds from his personal interests (that is, has forgotten about his professional appointment), outlining the field of his personal interests, either suppresses the child’s mind and will, or initiates the child’s wild self-will. Nowadays you rarely hear the phrase “put a child in his place.” It’s a pity, because it would be good to learn to place a child in a high and worthy place next to the teacher, next to humanity, at the level of culture of our century. However, let us clarify the wording in order to avoid inaccuracy: not to put him in his place, even a worthy one, but to help him, to take his worthy place - this is the strategic task of the pedagogical conflict.

The dress of pedagogical conflict is as motley and multi-colored as the dress of all the conflicts listed above. However, it has something in which it is fundamentally different from all of the above, unfolding in the pedagogical spheres of life - both subjects have the same interest, and there is a struggle for it during the clash between the teacher and the children. It seems like a paradox, but pedagogical activity is full of paradoxes.

It is worth thinking about what is the meaning of the proposed characteristics of the conflict. It is extremely noteworthy that practice ignores theoretical analysis and relies more on intuition and traditional ways of responding when conflicts arise. Of course, the end result of such an unprofessional choice is destructive: conflicts destroy relationships and worsen the course of the educational process. The logic of “common sense” is productive, since it suggests starting only from a superficial phenomenon, without deepening the essence. And only scientific and theoretical analysis allows us to make a significant assessment of what is happening.

Formula for resolving school conflicts.

Otherwise, pedagogical conflicts are resolved.

The teacher, due to his professionalism and experience, is able to see both interests: situational and development. His task is to show the child two planes of interest. Three operations help to do this:

It is necessary to announce the child’s situational interest: “I understand what you want now:”

Bring to its logical conclusion the prediction of the result: “:but then you: (possible result)”

Project his interest into relationships with people.

During adolescence, the number of difficult pedagogical situations, which often become conflicting, increases noticeably.

It is important for a teenager to be accepted by a group of peers: they emphatically demonstrate the behavior and communication learned in such a group. In this acceptance by others, one’s own assessment of one’s personal qualities is formed. Uniting with peers, he feels the power of collective cohesion, trying to demonstrate something of his own, original.

Obedience is replaced by independent active action, and how he acts depends on what his past experience of behavior and communication is. Due to the noted patterns of mental development of adolescents, the nature of interaction with them becomes significantly more complicated.

Consequently, the increase in complex pedagogical situations that lead to conflicts is explained by objective reasons, namely: the aggravation of contradictions during the crisis period of a teenager’s mental development.

Let's look at the most common conflicts in school and ways to resolve these conflict situations: conflict in the classroom, who to sit with, mischief in the classroom, "difficulties" in the class, girls' leadership.

Conflict in the lesson.

Some 9th grade students try to disrupt their teachers' lessons throughout the school year. In this class, the role of leaders is played by a number of girls who have subjugated the rest of the class and many classmates cannot resist them. They are impudent and rude. This is done as follows. Students do not listen to teachers’ explanations, speak off-topic, shout, and interrupt the teacher and their classmates. While demonstrating their leadership qualities at school, they are very afraid of their parents. They want to be respected without giving anything in return.

Many teachers kick them out of class, some make comments to them, and put unsatisfactory grades in their diaries.

The way out of this situation may be as follows. Conduct individual conversations with the parents of these students; the work of a psychologist in this team is simply necessary, coordinating the actions of students, involving them in the fruitful work of the school. The main and most important thing is not to allow “familiarity” on their part, to keep them at a “distance”; the teacher must treat this situation loyally and patiently without breaking into a scream and not letting the situation take its course. Indeed, here, in addition to their basic personality qualities, the characteristics of their age also influence; having left adolescence, they cannot express themselves as older people due to their psychological characteristics.

"Difficult" in the classroom.

This conflict occurred in 7th grade. A student who does not have an authoritative position, who does not have a successful position in behavior and learning, decided to gain goodwill among more successful children. For self-realization, he chose children who were more successful in their studies, but who were not part of the “authoritative group.” It was a girl and a boy. The girl was subjected to verbal humiliation and physical actions, the boy was harassed, people waited for him after school, where he was beaten, and there was moral humiliation. Although for a few schools, this may be a normal phenomenon, as a means of self-realization and self-expression of a teenager. The situation was brought under control, both by the parents of the offended children and class teacher and psychologists.

In this situation, the help of a psychologist is needed for a boy who showed inappropriate actions towards his classmates, the situation must be taken under control, if this situation is not addressed, this may have a bad effect on the attitude of the children. As well as a conversation between the class teacher and the parents of these children, a conversation should be held with the students in the class about the inappropriateness of this situation.

"Subculture".

It started in the 7th grade, when three girlfriends, keen on musical styles, decided to try on the image of the Emo subculture. This was expressed as follows: terrible eyeliner on children's eyes, unkempt hair, clothes in this style. Such appearance shocked the teachers a little, they were asked to change their appearance, but the girls insisted on continuing to attend lessons in this form. In class they stayed apart for a long time. Students who long time They communicated with them, before their reincarnation, they stopped talking to them, they were pursued, teased. The girls stopped studying.

Parents could not understand what was happening to their children. Repeated conversations were held with classmates in order to resolve the conflict situation; the psychologist’s work, both with the class and with individual representatives, yielded results. The conflict situation was brought under control by the parents of these children, as well as by the administration and the class teacher. A long time has passed. At the moment, the girls remain committed to this movement, but the boys have already accepted their classmates in a “modified” form, and the boys’ communication continues. In such situations, there is no need to persecute the child or reproach him for belonging to some culture; this is a form of searching for oneself as an individual. The main thing is for parents and teachers to understand and skillfully coordinate the actions of their children. If you persecute them and force them to do what adults want, you can only break the child, and there is nothing good in that.

Leadership.

Once in 8th grade, I had to choose a class commander. At a class meeting, one girl proposed her candidacy, the whole class agreed, according to the principle, “anyone other than me.” But some time has passed, the girl cannot cope with the responsibilities assigned to herself, for a number of objective reasons. Then the class teacher suggested that we meet again and re-elect the class commander. At the meeting, the guys proposed the boy’s candidacy, to which he replied: “If you choose me, you will regret it.” But still, this boy remained the class commander. Since the boy had hidden leadership qualities, they later emerged at one of the events.

This class commander did not have a perception of his team; he did not want to do anything, hoping that someone else would replace him. But that did not happen. When next time cl. The leader asked the commander why this or that work in the classroom was not completed. The student replied, “But I didn’t ask to be a commander. There was no need to elect me,” and he slammed the table. The teacher kicked the student out of the class. After some time, the relationship between teacher and student was established.

In this situation, it is necessary to understand what led to such actions on the part of the student, why he did this. This situation needs to be dealt with directly with this student without resorting to the help of outsiders. It is important that both the teacher and the student understand why this conflict occurred, who was right and who was wrong.

I would like to provide an analysis of pedagogical situations.

Description of the situation, conflict, action (participants, place of origin, activities of participants, etc.);

What preceded the situation;

What age and individual characteristics participants were manifested in their behavior, situation, action;

The situation through the eyes of the student and teacher;

The teacher’s personal position in the situation that has arisen (his attitude towards the student), the teacher’s real goals in interaction with the student (what he wants: to get rid of the student, to help him, or whether he is indifferent to the student);

What new did the teacher learn about the students from the situation, action (cognitive value of the situation for the teacher);

The main reasons for the situation or conflict that has arisen and its content (conflict of activities, behavior or relationships);

Options for repayment, warning and resolution of the situation, adjustment of student behavior,

Selection of means and methods of pedagogical influence and identification of specific participants in the implementation of set goals at present and in the future.

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