Methods of subordinating communication. Impaired management: examples

Violation of control is an error that you need to be able to find in task 7 from the Unified State Exam in Russian for grade 11. Management is a form subordinating connection in which the main word determines the form of the dependent word, and when the form of the main word changes, the dependent word does not change. Most often, the main word is expressed by a verb, gerund or participle, and the dependent word is expressed by a noun, pronoun, etc.

A special case of control violation is the error “Control violation with homogeneous sentence members.”

Impaired management: example sentences

Let's look at a few sentences containing the "Control Violation" error and fix them.

Offer:

As historical figure One can cite the example of Peter I.

Management: give an example. The main word is the verb “to lead”, the dependent word is a noun with the preposition “for example”. The verb “to lead” puts the dependent word in the accusative case and requires another preposition to connect with the noun (to lead into what? as an example).

Correct option:

As a historical figure, Peter I can be cited as an example.

Management: contrasts friendship with betrayal. The main word is the verb “opposes”, the dependent words are the nouns “friendship” and “betrayal”. The verb “contrasts” puts the first dependent word in the accusative case (contrastes what? friendship), and the second in the dative case (contrastes friendship to what? betrayal). Therefore, the preposition before the word “betrayal” is superfluous.

Offer:

I wanted to delve into and learn all the secrets of the history of the Ancient World.

The homogeneous members “to penetrate” and “to know” have a common dependent word “secrets”. Each of them puts the dependent word in the accusative case (to delve into what? into secrets; to know what? secrets), however, to connect with the dependent word, the verb “to delve into” needs the preposition “in”. This is a violation of control with homogeneous members of the sentence. It is necessary to make sure that the word “secrets” ceases to be a general dependent word and add the preposition “in” after the verb “to delve into.”

▲ 1. Control is a type of subordinating connection in phrases and sentences, in which the main word requires the use of the dependent word in a certain form. Many errors are associated with the incorrect choice of controlled form in constructions with words that are similar in meaning or have the same root, requiring different cases: pay for travel instead of pay the fare.

Remember!

2. Errors may be associated with the wrong choice of case and preposition. The most common is to use a prepositional combination instead of a non-prepositional one, and vice versa: prove the need(Right: prove the need); need for means of production(Right: need for means of production):

Remember!

3. It is a mistake to use a common object for two words that control different cases: love and enjoy nature (love nature and enjoy it); study and get involved in physics (study physics and get involved in it).

4. Stringing of cases leads to syntactic errors (several words in one case form are arranged in a chain, depending on each other): Category B driver training course participants. However, stringing the genitive case in scientific and business speech is not an error: learning how to form new words.

This is interesting!

In 1993, at the request of the Government of Ukraine, the options should have been recognized as normative to Ukraine(respectively from Ukraine). Thus, in the opinion of the Government of Ukraine, the unsatisfactory etymological connection between the constructions “to Ukraine” and “to the outskirts” was broken. Ukraine seemed to receive linguistic confirmation of its status sovereign state, since the names of states, and not regions, are formalized according to Russian tradition using prepositions in(in) And from (to the USA, to France, to Sweden - from Japan, from Somalia, from China) etc. Therefore in modern language it was recommended to use the preposition V, but not on.

“It is not difficult to agree with what is unusual for Russians in Ukraine- so be it, if it seems to someone that in Ukraine humiliatingly reminds us of being on the edge, on the outskirts...

Sometimes you have to put up with the most naive political and national thinking: there are things higher than the inviolable purity of the literary and linguistic canon.”

IN Lately V official business speech the prepositional-case combination was fixed in Ukraine/from Ukraine along with neutral in/from Ukraine.

● 139. Make up phrases with the following words.

Worry - worry, scold - reprimand, faith - confidence, believe - trust, be indignant - be offended, question - problem, admire - marvel - be surprised, get - reach - reach, replace - change, pay - pay, identical - similar, derive income - receive income, have - possess, touch - touch, ignorance - unfamiliarity, be offended - offend, pay attention - pay attention, explain - describe, rely - be based, payment - payment, justify - answer, rely - rely, condemn - sentence, review - review, report - answer - summarize, confirm - give an example, show - testify, superiority - advantage, warn - warn, filled - imbued, hinder - slow down, habitual - familiar, take root - get used to, priority - patent, figure out - unravel, tell - report, affect - influence, pay attention - pay attention - increase attention, indicate - prove, price - cost.

● 140. Choose one of the prepositional case forms. In what cases is it acceptable to use both forms? How are these designs different?

● 141. Find errors and shortcomings associated with the use of dependent case forms and control. Correct the sentences.

1. If you look at her closely, she is not that young. 2. He paid great attention to the close connection between the quality of work and discipline. 3. I liked the heroes of Borodino for their devotion to their homeland. 4. A frivolous attitude towards energy resources has led to huge costs. 5. According to the statement, he was transferred to another job. 6. Is it possible to take two photographs: one in profile, the other in full face? 7. The serious difficulties that arose as a result coincided with severe natural disasters. 8. Grinev never allowed rudeness towards the old man. 9. Staff psychologists conduct preventive conversations on the harm of smoking and alcohol. 10. Thanks to you, I learned a lot of new things about our city. 11. Many people will probably be outraged by such a comparison. 12. But this does not provide any guarantee that water supply problems will not arise in already renovated houses. 13. Plots occupied by vegetable crops, are expanding noticeably. 14. The regional government approved measures to eliminate the consequences of the accident at the thermal power plant. 15. I was amazed at the chief designer’s ignorance of basic production processes. 16. They walked for a long time, focusing on Ursa Major, afraid of catching someone's eye. 17. Let the minister account for the breakdown of negotiations! 18. Mtsyri never left desire to freedom. 19. Along with criticism, progressive trends in our society should be promoted in every possible way. 20. His comments are not based on anything. 21. The book is the result of many years of observations by a biologist. 22. A response to his application was received immediately. 23. A schedule has been drawn up for repaying debt on child benefits. 24. Is it conceivable that a teacher’s indifference to the fate of his students is conceivable! 25. The matter of accelerating the preparation of measures to increase the production of consumer goods worries everyone. 26. The state of training of young specialists remains unsatisfactory. 27. Upon expiration of the due date, the division will return to Omsk. 28. The book characterizes the development of self-government over the past ten years. 29. The initiator of the press conference was the Swedish delegation. 30. Mother conjured dinner in the kitchen. 31. Due to technical reasons, our channel is not working. 32. Conversations on morality and ethics are regularly held with teenagers. 33. The minimum pension has been increased by more than one hundred rubles. 34. At the meeting of the department, graduate students were heard. 35. The quiz was initiated by high school students. 36. Training of specialists leaves room for improvement. 37. The son is concerned about his mother’s health. 38. I am aware that I am acting at risk. 39. Then the barrel was taken away from the enraged beast. 40. The district administration organizes trade raids every week. 41. We will also ask all the previous leaders. 42. As a child, I dreamed of studying to be a doctor. 43. Plans for potatoes this year have been fulfilled. 44. We were all worried about our skaters. 45. It’s time to sum up the work of the team. 46. ​​The young composer is characterized by the use of folklore motifs in his work. 47. Gradually, I began to develop an objective historical assessment of the individual. 48. In relation to Bela, Pechorin behaves with his characteristic egoism. 49. The prototype of Bazarov is Pechorin. 50. Revolutionary activities This man is similar to many people of that time. 51. In the image of Natasha Rostova, Tolstoy embodied the best feminine qualities: inner harmony, naturalness and kindness. 52. According to the director’s order, smoking is prohibited at the institute.

Russian syntax is distinguished by its richness and variety of controlled construction options. For example: We drove through the forest- drove through the forest- drove through the forest- drove through the forest etc.; I work in the evenings- I work in the evenings; rested for a week- rested for a week; five minutes earlier- five minutes earlier- five minutes before...- five minutes before and so on.

Many of these constructions differ only in shades of meaning, which we differentiate quite clearly. For example, the combination provide someone with something - means: to supply in sufficient quantity (provide climbers with equipment); provide to someone something - means: to make something undoubted, true, to guarantee something (provide good care for patients).

Difference between designs ask for money- ask for money, look for a place- look for places and so on. is that the first options point to a specific, specific object (a certain amount of money, your place), and the latter have general meaning (some amount, indefinitely, any place). Difference between designs drink water- drink water, buy books- buy books, bring bread- bring some bread and so on. lies in the fact that the genitive case denotes the spread of the action not to the entire object, but only to a certain part or quantity of it, and the accusative case indicates that the action is completely transferred to the object.

Of stylistic interest are those control options that receive stylistic reinforcement (remarks to student- comments to the student<книжн.>; talk about friends - talk about friends<разг.>; be absent due to illness- be absent due to illness<оф.-делов.>).

In Russian, a number of controlled constructions express completely homogeneous relationships: study at the Institute- take courses; was in fifth year- was in second grade; work at the post office- work in a workshop; lives in the village- lives on a farm and so on. These syntactic constructions are characterized by great stability in Russian syntax, and choosing the desired form of control in such cases is not difficult.

Synonymous words often require the use of different cases:

admire courage- bow before courage

despise danger- ignore danger

get involved (interested) in music - love (study) music

be outraged by the outrages- to be angry (angry) at the ugly person

shy away from necessity- fear necessity

be unhappy with the review- be disappointed in the review

reprimand an employee- reproach an employee

understand the need...- be aware of the need

When using them in speech, sometimes associative errors occur, similar phrases are mixed up: Authordescribes events (instead of: tells, narrates events or: describes events); Hedidn't calm down with this (I was not satisfied with this, I did not calm down on this); Confidencein your own strength (confidence in what? in one’s own abilities; faith in what? in one’s own strengths).

When using parallel variants of non-prepositional and prepositional controls that coincide in meaning, it can be recommended to give preference to more specific constructions with prepositions, since in them the grammatical meaning is expressed more clearly. Let's compare: letter to mother- letter to mother, letter from mother.

To avoid distortion of the meaning of a statement, you should be especially careful about control options that allow for double interpretation. Thus, ambiguity may arise in phrases: portrait of Repin(a portrait painted by Repin, or a portrait of the artist himself?), the director needs to be advised(will the director himself advise someone or should he listen to the advice of another person?). Similar designs require correction:

To the teacher much more was needed Teacher should have

explain. explain a lot.

Explanation brother's answer Explanation answer suggested

seems unconvincing. brother unconvincing.

Ordered us help with work. They ordered that We

helped...

However, in speech there are still such “ambiguous” constructions, the meaning of which is clarified by the context (deception of the priests, economic assistance India, criticism of Belinsky, finally, in the song: The shooter's bullet missed...).

An inappropriate pun can also arise when using derivative prepositions that unexpectedly manifest their primary meaning in the text; There was a firethanks to watchman(why should I thank him?); Please give me academic leavein view of illnesses(you cannot foresee illness!).

It is impossible not to take into account the bookish coloring of some prepositional constructions, to ignore the clerical shade introduced into speech by denominative prepositions. For example, under the influence of the official business style, constructions with prepositions are fixed in the modern Russian language o, by: indicate the need, note the importance, dwell on it, discuss about something, express agreement that, keep in mind about it, state about it(non-prepositional constructions will be correct: note the importance of, discuss something, keep it in mind, as well as constructions with other prepositions: indicate a need, express agreement with something and so on.). From paired phrases: response to this work- response to this work; review of this article- review of this article; indicators for these enterprises- performance of these enterprises and so on. - the first ones have a clerical coloring.

It is also undesirable to “string” identical case forms. An example of such a construction was once given by the linguist A.M. Peshkovsky: the house of the doctor's brother's coachman's wife's nephew. Undoubtedly, such management cannot be approved.

In special cases, control options are expressive. Let's compare constructions with different forms of addition for verbs with negation: He does not speakthe truth ; Henever won't telltruth ; Heno one won't telltruth ; Henever won't telltruth ; He doesn't want to saythe truth ; Hedoesn't say something ; He can't help but saythe truth ; The truth he still won't tell. Additions in the form of the genitive case with a verb with negation strengthen and emphasize this negation. And, on the contrary, constructions with an addition in the accusative case “mute” the meaning of negation.

With two or more control words, a common dependent word can only be used if these main words require the same case and preposition, for example: read and take notes from a book, write out and memorize quotes. Incorrectly constructed phrases: organize and lead a group (organize- What? lead- how?); show care and attention to orphans (care- about whom? attention- to whom?). Correcting such sentences usually requires the use of a pronoun: organize and lead a group; but sometimes you have to add another control word: pay attention to orphans and take care of them.

It is interesting to note the peculiarities of the use of some Russian prepositions. Yes, prepositions V And on have their own antonyms: in - from, to- With. For example: went to Crimea- returned from Crimea, went to the Caucasus- came from the Caucasus, entered the building- left the building and went to the station- came from the station. However, this situation is not always maintained: went to the Volga region- returned from the Volga region, send to all parts of the country- receive from all over the country.

How to say: upon receipt of a response or upon receiving a response? We miss you or for you? Pretext By in the meaning “after” it controls the prepositional case, therefore: upon receipt of an answer, at the end of the performance, after studying the issue- book options, and after receiving etc. - neutral options. In the meaning of the reason (retired due to health reasons) or goals (city landscaping work) pretext By controls the dative case.

A more difficult question to answer: We miss you or for you? If in combination with nouns (we miss our son, we miss our children) and with 3rd person personal pronouns (miss him, miss them) pretext By controls the dative case, then in combination with personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd persons the same preposition is used with prepositional case: we miss you(Not you), miss us(Not according to us). Such are the vagaries of this pretext.

It also has a stylistic feature: when denoting an object that needs to be obtained, obtained, the use of the preposition By has a colloquial character, for example: go mushroom picking (mushroom picking).

Control is a type of subordinating connection, in which, in order to express certain semantic relations, the main word requires the placement of a dependent word (noun) in a certain case, with or without a preposition. For example, the verb see requires the placement of a noun in wine. without a preposition, if this noun names an object that is seen: to see a forest, a performance, etc. The main word is the word, the form of which is chosen only at the request of the meaning necessary for a given act of communication, and the dependent word is the form to -rogo is predetermined not only by the needs of a given meaning, but also by the main word. Therefore, the main word can be put in any inflectional forms inherent to it, and the choice of inflectional forms of the dependent word is determined by the main word and those semantic relationships in which the main and dependent words are between each other, cf.: saw (see, saw, would have seen and etc.) forest.
If, when agreeing (see), it is enough to know only grammatical form the main word and you don’t need to know anything about its lexical meaning in order to name the form of the dependent word, also without knowing anything about its lexical meaning (for example, an adjective - the definition of a noun in the masculine gender singular will certainly be placed in the same forms as the noun: strong wind), then with U., first of all, it is necessary to know the lexical and grammatical meaning of the main word in order to determine the form of the dependent, cf.: to do business (tvor. p.), but to do business (vin. p.). Consequently, U. by its nature is a lexical-grammatical connection, in contrast to agreement - a purely grammatical connection.
A distinction is made between strong and weak U. Strong U. is due to the fact that the main word has such lexical and grammatical properties that it requires a dependent word that is in certain semantic relationships with the main word, cf.: wrote a letter, left the forest. With a weak U., the dependent word is not obligatory for the main word: the main word can be used in a sentence without a dependent one: I read this book in the library - I read this book. The number of strongly controlled dependent words is strictly determined by the lexical-grammatical meaning of the main word.
Depending on what lexical-grammatical properties need to be learned in order to choose the form of a controlled word, they differ: 1) strong U., in which it is enough to know certain lexical-grammatical characteristics of the main word common to many words to name the form of a dependent noun. So, with the verbs to be interested, to engage, etc., it is necessary to name a noun denoting the subject of interest, occupation, etc., and this noun will always be in the form creative. etc. without a preposition: to be interested in brands, philosophy, etc., to engage in mathematics, sports, music, etc. Sometimes in such cases it is possible to name two forms of a noun at once, from which one chooses to express the same relationship any: talk about a book, about a person, about Africa or talk about a book, about a person, about Africa.
A typical case of a strong command of the type under consideration is the connection of words in combination with object relations, when the main word is transitive verb, and the dependent is a noun in wine. p. without a preposition, naming the object to which the action of the verb passes: read a book, love the theater, do homework, create a project, etc.
2) Strong U., in which, to determine the form of a dependent word, you need to know the lexical and grammatical features of both the main and dependent words. Thus, the verb to settle requires that the place of settlement be designated; depending on what specific noun this place is named, the form of this noun is chosen, cf.: to settle in a valley, but to settle on a hill.
3) Strong U., in which the obligatory nature of the dependent word is determined primarily by the meaning of the prefix of the main word (verb or corresponding verbal noun); for example, in the verb to drive, the prefix in requires that the final point of movement (where to drive) be named: drive into the forest, up a mountain, under a bridge, etc. As in the second case, the choice of the form of the dependent word is determined here by the lec- syco-grammatical features of both the main and dependent words. There are, however, cases where the prefix specifies not only the obligatory nature of the dependent word, but also its form. So, with the verb to run over, there must certainly be a noun indicating what the collision was made, and this noun, regardless of its lexical meaning, will have the form wines. P.
) Weak U., in which the choice of the form of a dependent word, given the given semantic relations between the main and dependent words, is determined by the lexical and grammatical features of both the main and dependent words. So, with the verb sing, the noun dependent on it, which names the place where they sing, can be used in two forms depending on the type of place where the action takes place: if it is a theater, then the noun is used with the preposition in: sing in the theater, if it is a street - with the preposition to: sing on the street.
There is a widespread point of view, according to the weak U., when purely adverbial relations develop between the main and dependent words (time, place, reason, condition, etc.), should be considered as an adjunct (see). The basis for this decision is that forms of nouns denoting different circumstances (in the forest, near the house, at five o’clock in the evening, etc.) can be combined with words of different, irreducible lexical and grammatical classes, cf.: sing in the theater, meet a friend in the theater. Hence the conclusion is drawn that these forms of nouns are not predicted at all, are not controlled by the main word. According to another point of view, it is necessary to distinguish determinants (see) from controlled words - such words in a sentence that are not formally connected with any other word, but extend the sentence as a whole: Voices are heard from the side of the garden; To be sure, I turned the key in the lock; Everyone makes mistakes. Determiners are usually located at the beginning of the sentence.
The main word in phrases with a connection
U. can be a verb (read a newspaper) noun (train movement, glass of milk, director’s order, award decree), adjective (angry with his son, full of nobility), adverb (alone with nature)

Management in Russian: difficulties and mistakes

Tamara

Grigorievna

TROFIMOVICH

Doctor of Philology Sciences, Associate Professor,

Head of DepartmentBelarusian and Russian linguistics

Belarusian sovereignnational pedagogical th

university named after Maxim Tank

Management in Russian- this is a type of subordinating connection of words in a phrase, in which the main word requires a certain case form from the dependent, determined by the lexico-grammatical meaning of the main word or the meaning of the statement. For example, verb be proud requires from the dependent noun, pronoun or any other substantivized (become a noun) word in the form of the instrumental case: be proud of students, proud of achievements,be proud of your home country etc.

When controlling, no matter how the form of the main word changes, the dependent remains unchanged: read a book, read a book, would read a book etc. Control is especially common for verbs, participles and gerunds, so such words can control several dependent words. For example, verb cut controls words snowflake (what?), from paper (from what?), for sister (for whom?) etc. Nouns can also control dependent words (caring for parents) numerals (fivetables), as well as adjectives, pronouns and adverbs. The dependent word in constructions with control is only a noun.

The ability of a word to control, the number of words that a given word can control, is closely related to its lexical meaning, so there are no clear control schemes; Russian speakers just have to remember them. This explains the difficulties in using phrases with control and the numerous speech errors that arise.

Which control error is the mostcommon?

Speech culture experts answer this question as follows: the most common management error is the incorrect choice of the case form of the dependent noun, numeral or pronoun.

Notify parents or notify parents? Disruption in supplies, withsupplies, supplies? Avoid meeting or avoidmeeting? There is no universal scheme for finding the right answers to these and similar questions. You need to remember what form of noun a particular word requires. Opoto tell(whom?) parents, interruption(in what? with what?) in supplies, with supplies, avoid(what?) meetings.

Typically, difficulties do not arise in cases where so-called strong control is implemented. This is a type of control in which the main word, by its meaning as a part of speech, predetermines the connection with a certain form of the noun as obligatory, necessary, without which the main word cannot realize its specific meaning: sing a song, solve a problem, buildhome, need help, believe in victory etc.

Most often, verbs have strong control, as well as some nouns, adjectives and adverbs: build a house likefather, two people and so on.

What are the mistakes in choosing a proposal?Are there any case forms of nouns?

It is known that the main word can require certain case forms from the dependent noun, both without a preposition and with a preposition. There are frequent cases of incorrect use of such pre-case forms.

Control O execution of the order to assignto the head teacher. You need to fight against shortcomings in your workeveryone together. It is necessary to demand that students fulfillknowledge of the rules of behavior. There are gross speech errors in the above sentences. Right: Con troll for (over) execution orders were givenlive for the head teacher. Fight With shortcomings at workwe all need it together. Need to demand from students compliance with the rules of conduct.

In some cases, the dependent word is used without a preposition, while the prepositional connection is normative. Students' difficulties arise when deciding ondachas for movement. Right: Difficulties for students arise when solving motion problems.

At the same time, one can often observe the use of prepositions in those phrases that literary language are known as non-prepositional.

Representatives With companies visited the studentsorphanage. You need to give an answer for parents byafter lessons. Please pay me for the work donebot.

Right: Representatives of the company visited the children of the orphanage. Give an answer give birth lam needed after school. I beg pay you tell mefull work.

What are the variants of the prepositionaland unquestioned control possible?

Indeed, in language and speech there are possible options in the construction of phrases of prepositional and non-prepositional control. The prepositional construction usually has more specific meaning than unsentenced. Compare two phrases: letter to mother And letter to mother. The first of the given phrases may mean that the letter is intended for the mother and that the letter was written by the mother, while the second phrase quite definitely indicates that the letter is intended for the mother.

However, equally normative are the phrases come metro- come by metro, goforest- walk through the forest, work in the evening-workin the evenings, meet for the first time And meet at the lanesecond time etc.

What is syntactic incompletenessand redundancy of phrases?

The syntactic structure of a phrase may be incomplete if it is missing any necessary component. The use of an extra dependent component leads to syntactic redundancy of the phrase. Both of these phenomena qualify as speech errors.

At the seminar, teachers exchanged organizationelective work. In the report, the director stoppedtalked about the role of volunteers. The phrases included in these sentences are syntactically incomplete. Right: At the teacher's seminar exchange learned from the experience of organizing elective work.In the report the director focused on the question of the role volunteers

Of the approximately two thousand students at the school, all underwent a medical examination. It is unnecessary to use the word near, since it indicates for the second time the genitive case form of the dependent component of the phrase. It is sufficient to use the preposition from.

What are the normal options? management in Russian possible?

In the Russian language, variants of management norms are quite widespread, which can be either equal, modern or outdated, neutral or stylistically colored. So, equal, i.e. equally normative are phrases cook in the kitchen - cook inkitchen, import ban-import ban, harmhealth - harm to health etc.

Since management norms have changed in the history of the Russian language, existing options may be assessed as outdated. They have modern parallels. Outdated phrase meet at a concert It has modern version meet at a concert outdated food aversion has a modern version food aversion etc.

Existing options may be stylistically neutral, or they may have one or another stylistic coloring. So, a neutral phrase tell about the trip has a conversational option racestalk about the hike neutral sensitivityto medications has a professional (“medical”) option drug sensitivity etc.

What are the features of using prepositions?with forms of oblique casesin phrases?

A preposition in a phrase connects the main and dependent components into a single whole. It should be remembered that most prepositions are used with forms of one case, and such prepositional-case forms can also be used in phrases with control.

So, genitive case require prepositions from a noun without, before, for, except, instead of, over,about, among etc., many adverbial prepositions cartle, near, in the middle, separately from, up to, in the areasti, for the purpose etc. Read about twenty pages,keep separately from animals, dispose ofpurchase account etc.

Dative case require prepositions gracerya, in spite of, in defiance of, according to, following, towards,on the way to, towards, in relation to and etc. Find out thanks to a meeting, win despite the weather,arrange according to order etc.

Accusative case require prepositions about, whatcut, through, in response to, despite. Go throughblizzard, write in response to the request, can’t solve itdespite the difficulties.

With form instrumental case prepositions are used with, in accordance with, next to, together with, in connection withWith and etc. To act in accordance with the decision of the teachers' council,closed due to frost.

Where can I find out about management standards?

The complexity of Russian management standards has led to the creation of special reference books. Currently, the most popular in this direction is the dictionary-reference book “Management in the Russian Language” by D. E. Rosenthal (M., 1986).

Note!

Worry okom-what/ (colloquial) for k about g about: worry about your son, worry about your sister.

Thanks to to whom - what (not who - what): thanks to the help, thanks to my father.

Inspire for what: inspire fighters to heroic deeds.

be sad 1. for some reason, 2. for some reason, 3. for some reason: sad about my son, sad aboutof lost youth, to be sad for a brother, to be sad forto my husband(colloquial).

Elect by whom/in whom: elect a member (members) of the trade union bureau.

Control 1. for what m, 2. over k e m - h e m, 3. h e g o: control over (over) the implementation of the plan; controll for order in the classroom; control over young specialists; control of finished products.

Not available to someone/for someone: ultrasounds inaccessible to the human ear; inaccessible to me.

Dress someone-what into something/what: child's clothesWhether in a fur coat, winter covered the fields with snow.

Put on what/what to what: put the ring onfinger.

Review what about (not about anything!): review of disolid work.

Review about what/about: review of the dissertation,review of the dissertation abstract.

Characteristic to/to whom: characteristicska student And characteristic for the student.

Workshop

Find errors in management and correct them:

1. After school I went to study at universitysite.

2. You will ask for an apology for your action.

3. Schoolchildren were involved in the fight againstgarden pests.

4. Concerns about behavior

5. SraRight after we arrived in the village, we went to the river.

6. We are disappointed with your hobbies.

7. ThanksI learned to read my mother.

8. The client gave a receipt forreceiving the goods.

Right:

1. After school I went to study to universitysite.

2. For your action you will ask from blame.

3. The schoolchildren were brought to the fight with garden pests.

4. Concern about behavior niya The teenagers were told by the local police officer.

5. Immediately upon arrival we went to the villageriver

6. We disappointed in your hobbies.

7. Thanks to mom I learned to read.

8. The client gavereceipt of receipt goods.

Management in Russian - this topic has always been difficult, but necessary!

Dear Colleagues!!! We invite you to share your materials and experience in holding school events and holidays. You can post event scenarios, presentations, and methodological developments. We are sure that many of your colleagues will find it very useful.