Maximum wind speed on earth. The fastest wind in the world The strongest gust of wind

Wind in Antarctica

Antarctica is a unique continent, in some places where there has been no rain for two million years.

Thanks to this fact, the mainland can compete with the deserts for the title of the driest place on Earth, for example, in the Sahara Desert, only up to 25 mm of precipitation falls per year. In general, the situation with precipitation in Antarctica is about the same as in the Sahara, but in Antarctica these places, where there is neither snow, nor ice, nor rain, make up only 2% of the entire continent.

Antarctica is covered with ice, of which there is so much that the mainland can rightfully be called the most wet mainland on the ground.

Winds up to 2 km/s detected on exoplanet

After all, all this ice is 70% of the reserves fresh water on our planet. And the winds here accelerate at such tremendous speeds that they can certainly be considered the fastest permanent winds on Earth. This is facilitated by the fact that most of the surface of Antarctica is a plain, and nothing prevents the wind.

Where do winds originate in Antarctica?

The strongest constant winds are called katabatic, falling.

In Antarctica, they originate in the Dry Valleys region, arising due to unique natural conditions: the air freezing on the tops of the plateau becomes denser and heavier, after which, under the force of gravity, it rushes down the mountainside.

Unbelievable but true, katabatic winds can reach speeds of 320 km/h and evaporate all moisture in their path, even ice.

The most windy place in Antarctica is Commonwealth Bay, where a constantly blowing wind is officially registered, the speed of which reaches 322 km/h.

However, despite such wind strength, back in 1912, Douglas Mawson founded a research base in the bay.

Gust at 512 km/h

This is all true if we are talking about constantly operating winds on the Earth's surface, however, there are also temporary gusts of wind that significantly exceed katabatic winds both in strength and speed.

Typically, such gusts of wind accompany such natural phenomena as tornadoes (tornadoes).

The highest recorded wind speed was 512 km/h at a height of 30-60 m from the ground, this happened on May 3, 1999 near Bridge Creek in Oklahoma, USA. Several formed tornadoes destroyed everything in their path, according to the Fujita scale, they were assigned the F6 class (maximum rating).

Vladislav Pankratov, Samogo.Net

Most strong wind in the entire history of observations occurred on April 12, 1934 on Mount Washington, New Hampshire. Then, within a few minutes, drilling mud at a speed of 123 m / s.

In recent decades, on March 3, 1972, the strongest wind (93.6 m / s) at the weather station located in the western part of Greenland was the strongest.

Absolute records of mean monthly and mean annual wind speeds were recorded in 1913.

geographic records. Wind.

at Cape Denilson in Antarctica - 24.9 and 19.4 m / s.

in the southern and midwestern United States.

Max Speed wind A tornado (approximately 512 km/h) was remotely measured using mobile Doppler radar on May 3, 1999 near Oklahoma City.

Most of the deaths are from Typhoon.

About 1,300 people died on September 13, 1906, when a typhoon was destroyed by 160 km/h winds in Hong Kong.

Most tragic consequences monsoons.

Monsun, who rushed to Thailand in 1983, claimed about 10,000 lives and caused 396 million damage.

dollars. After nearly 100,000 people contracted monsoon sickness and about 15,000 people had to be evacuated.

The highest reliable body of water was observed on 16 May 1898 at Eden, New South Wales, Australia. The height of the theodolite was 1528 m, and the diameter was 3 m.

Most of the victims are tornadoes.

A tornado hit the city of Chaturia, Bangladesh. About 1,300 people died, more than 50,000 were left homeless.

The greatest property damage caused by a tornado. The giant whirlwinds that hit Iowa, Illinois, Wisconsin, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio (USA) in April 1985 killed 271 people, injured thousands more and caused more than 400 million damage.

dollars.

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Examples of the use of the word are regurgitated in the literature.

Before we reached this wall, we passed several moments of bright light, briefly inflammation blue snow and apses of what resembles a cathedral without an altar, but with skeletons that occupy the pews.

The language used on the ships, this amazing language of sailors, scenic, perfected, the language used by Jean Barthes, Duquesne, Suffren and Dyupere, the language merging with the whistling wind in the gear, with the roar of the horn, the noise of the boarding axis, with the pitching to speak, with the hurricane , damage, volleyball guns, is a real slang, a hero and a genius, who in front of the terrible slang of poverty is the same as a lion in front of a jackal.

All of these bulge taming mechanisms had an earthly backstory that was long overdue in test flight and deliberate disasters that accompanied peaceful and assertion frightened and surprised by the flickering cathode ray oscilloscope and large digital machine, forced to play this Astronautical tragedy, the rest are motionless and only warm his wall, light heating stove periods, he talked about the programmer's dynamic duty flurries a stream that corresponds to the centuries of astronautics.

As Tripoli, Benghazi, Cairo, Tel Aviv, Rome, London and Washington collapsed inflammation Colonel Bernstein and Admiral Mark Allen's messages appeared in the room, desperately scrambling services to help working professionals, I promised to come to the temple as soon as they unraveled the secret signals of the avalanche.

Where do blacks come from? inflammation, and the wind, rain and waves began.

Powerful winds - on which planets do they exist?

Relatively recently, planetary scientists have found a new "gas giant" - the cosmic body "HD189733b", which distinguished itself with the most powerful winds.

By the way, it is located in the constellation "The Fox", and the speed of wind gusts on it sometimes reaches a couple of kilometers per second. This is seven times the speed of sound, for example, and twenty times faster than Earth's most powerful wind. The British astrophysicists who made the discovery were very surprised by the properties of HD189733b.

"HD189733b" is called an exoplanet, despite the super-powerful winds. This is the first space object significantly distant from us, on which the wind speed could be calculated.

To do this, experts have compiled a "weather map" using computer modeling.

The strongest wind and the windiest place in the world

It turned out that the wind speed "HD189733b" equates to 5.4 thousand miles / hour, which is 8.6 thousand kilometers / hour. In addition to modeling, planetary scientists used data from the HARPS spectrometer, a modern high-tech apparatus operating at high frequencies. This device is mounted on a three-meter telescope.

The planet "HD189733b" is called not only "exo", but also "hot Jupiter", as it is a "gas giant", which is located very close to its star.

The temperature on "HD189733b" reaches 1200⁰ Celsius. The silicate particles present in the atmosphere give the planet its bluish color.

Where is the rainiest area on Earth located, who declared their territory the "lightning capital of the world" and what region in Russia is considered the most hail hazardous?

Wind

The most windy place in the world is the Antarctic coast of the Commonwealth Sea, where winds blow at a speed of 15 m/s or more almost daily.

Record gusts of wind near the surface of the Earth were recorded by an automatic weather station on the Australian island of Barrow on April 10, 1996 - they reached 113 m / s (408 km / h).

Tornado and tornado speeds have been higher, but their measurement is extremely life-threatening and there is no 100% data. However, according to the Guinness Book of Records, a tornado is considered the most powerful, which rushed through the Texas city of Wichita Falls on April 2, 1958 at a speed of 450 km / h. The speed estimate was made according to the colossal destruction produced. By the way, it is in the United States that a record number of tornadoes is observed - 65% of the global number. So, in April 2011, they counted 758, and in a day, April 27-28, 211 whirlwinds flew by. Almost all of them are formed in a kind of corridor that stretches through the valleys of the Mississippi, Ohio and Missouri rivers. The locals call it "tornado alley". Tornadoes and tornadoes occur where it is warm and humid. sea ​​air comes into contact with dry and cold continental.

The record in Russia belongs to Kharlov Island in the Barents Sea. On February 8, 1986, wind gusts reached 52 m/s (187 km/h). Most often strong winds (starting from 15 m/s) are observed in coastal zones Kamchatka, Arkhangelsk, Magadan region, near Dikson and Novorossiysk.

The wind significantly "lowers" the air temperature felt by a person, worsens the comfort of the weather. We will feel the temperature of 0 °C with a wind of 10 m/s as -7 °C, with gusts of 20 m/s - already as -10 °C.

reference

Wind speed at weather stations in most countries of the world is measured at a height of 10 m and averaged over 10 minutes. Instantaneous gusts of wind are investigated separately. Both observations are important: you need to know the wind regime of the region and extreme manifestations of the elements. Speed ​​is measured by a variety of instruments: anemometers, probes, radars.

Precipitation

Cherrapunji, a city in the Indian state of Meghalaya, is considered one of the rainiest and wettest places on Earth. The average annual rainfall here is 11,777 mm.

As the longest, the rain is listed in the Guinness Book of Records, which was 247 days without a break on the island of Kauai in Hawaii from August 27, 1993 to April 30, 1994. The average rainfall on the island is up to 11,684 mm per year.

The driest place on Earth is located in Antarctica - this is the McMurdo Dry Valleys: there has been no snow and rain here for millions of years. There is also virtually no rainfall in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The only time an anomaly happened here: on May 19, 2010, short-term snow fell.

In Russia, the most precipitation is observed on the Achishkho mountain range near Sochi - about 3240 mm per year. The driest region is Caspian lowland- in some places less than 200 mm.

The comfortable norm for a person is humidity of 30-60%. Air, relative humidity which is below 20%, is rated as dry, more than 86% - as very wet. With dry air, a person is able to tolerate heat, but dehydration occurs.

reference

The amount of precipitation is measured using a rain gauge bucket, which is mounted on a wooden pole inside a special cone-shaped protection. Precipitation falls from clouds in the form of rain, drizzle, snow, snow and ice pellets, freezing rain and hail.

hail

Hail is a short-term phenomenon and most often resembles small peas in size. But every year there are several cases of dangerous hail damage in the world. "Ice bombs" fall from the sky in India, in southern China, in Bangladesh, in western Kenya, in the USA ...

One of the hailstones that fell on July 23, 2010 in Vivian was kept in a refrigerator by American meteorologists and registered as a record: its diameter was 20 cm and its weight was 880 g. Hailstones of the same size, but weighing 1002 g, were the cause of the tragedy in Bangladesh 14 April 1986. According to eyewitnesses, in April 1981 in the province of Guangdong (China) hail weighing up to 7 kg was observed.

In Russia, it is most often observed in the southern regions.

hail is considered dangerous phenomenon if its diameter has reached 2 cm or more. In the village of Voznesenskaya on July 25, 1957, the largest hail in the history of observations in Krasnodar Territory. Individual hailstones weighed 1.5 kg.

Advice

If during the hailstorm you find yourself in a car, it is advisable to stop (but not get out) and turn around with your back to the windows, covering your head with your hands or clothes. If you are at home, you need to move away from the windows.

Thunderstorm

World centers of thunderstorms are located in separate areas of the Central and South America, South-East Asia, Central and East Africa, that is, where high humidity and warm air lead to the rapid formation of rain clouds. For example, in Singapore, on average, there are 170 thunderstorms per year, in the Amazon basin - more than 200, on the island of Java - up to 220. The maximum thunderstorm activity occurs in Uganda - from 250 to 270 days a year. A thunderstorm in these regions can last from three to ten hours, while in Russia average duration one thunderstorm - no more than two hours. The maximum number of days with a thunderstorm - an average of 30-40 - falls on the Sochi region and the foothills of the Caucasus.

Thunderstorms are always accompanied by lightning and thunder.

Lightning

The highest concentration of lightning was recorded in the valley of the Catatumbo River, which flows into Lake Maracaibo (Venezuela), - 250 discharges over every square kilometer per year. The total number of lightnings during the year exceeds 1 million. Continuous discharges illuminate Catatumbo from 365 nights 140-160 times. Reflections of light are visible at a distance of up to 400 km. The Venezuelan municipality has declared the area the "lightning capital of the world."

Advice

A thunderstorm accompanied by lightning is one of the most dangerous for human life. natural phenomena. It is important to know the basic safety rules.

You can not be near power lines, under trees, especially standing alone, in open areas and hills. If you find yourself in an open place, it is best to squat down. It is undesirable to go into a thunderstorm under an umbrella with metal spokes. Do not allow during a thunderstorm contact with metal appliances and mobile phones, including indoors. It is better to wait out the elements in a shelter.

Air temperature

The absolute minimum temperature on Earth (-89.2 ° C) was recorded in Antarctica at the Vostok station on July 21, 1983. But since the station is located at an altitude of 3488 m, its readings cannot be considered a record. To compare different observations, they must be reduced to sea level. In that case, the most low temperatures end up in Yakutia. Officially, Verkhoyansk (137 m above sea level) is recognized as the cold pole of the planet, where on February 5-8, 1892, a temperature of -67.8 ° C was observed. Unofficially - the village of Oymyakon (745 m), in which serial meteorological observations began to be carried out much later. A number of sources provide data that in January 1916 the temperature here dropped to -82 °C.

As for the heat, in the Libyan city of El Azizia on September 13, 1922, a planetary record was registered in the shade: +57.7 ° С. Death Valley in California is not far behind - +56.7 ° С. The absolute maximum in Russia (+45.4 °C) was recorded at the Utta weather station in Kalmykia on July 12, 2010. By the way, many districts set their own regional records during the abnormally hot summer. For example, in Moscow on July 29, 2010, the air warmed up to +38.2 °C. By the way, the record minimum for the capital (-42.2 °C) was set in 1940.

Advice

Acclimatization of a person to a hot climate or arctic cold is individual. But definitely the residents temperate latitudes are more prone to various disorders: heat stroke, impaired water metabolism, sunburn - which are fraught with consequences for the body. For them, air temperatures from +38 ° C (it is close to blood temperature) are already dangerous. In addition, people with unpigmented skin are more likely to get a serious illness, especially with prolonged exposure to the sun.

reference

According to international meteorological rules, air temperature is measured with a special thermometer, which is located at a height of 2 m from the soil surface in a well-ventilated booth, protected from direct sun rays and away from buildings.

Records in one line

• The sunniest place on the planet is the city of Yuma in the state of Arizona, in Russia - Borzya in the Trans-Baikal Territory.
• The most foggy city in Russia is Yuzhno-Kurilsk, where this phenomenon is observed on average 118 days a year (in Moscow - about ten days).
• The strongest black ice covered the southeast of Canada and the northeast of the United States from January 4 to 10, 1998. The diameter of the deposits in some places reached record values ​​of 10-12 cm.
• The city of Loma in the state of Montana in the USA is the record holder for temperature change: during the day on January 15, 1972, the temperature jumped from -48 to +9 ° С.
• A record snowflake was recorded in the town of Fort Keo, Montana in January 1887 - its diameter was 38 cm (usually about 5 mm).
• Most snowy place in Russia - the village of Pushchino in Kamchatka. The minimum number of days with snow is observed in Sochi, but only 10 km from Krasnaya Polyana - on the Achishkho ridge, the snow height can be 10 m.

Wind direction in meteorology is defined as the direction the wind is blowing from, while in air navigation it is where it blows: thus the values ​​differ by 180°. The simplest device for determining the direction of the wind is a weather vane. Windsocks installed at airports are capable, in addition to the direction, of approximately showing the wind speed, depending on which the inclination of the device changes.

Wind speed at meteorological stations in most countries of the world is usually measured at a height of 10 m and averaged over 10 minutes.

Wind atlases and charts are a typical way of presenting wind data. These atlases are usually compiled for climatological research and may contain information on both average speed, and about the relative frequency of winds of each speed in the region.

Barrow Island, Australia

On April 10, 1996, an automatic weather station located there registered wind gusts of up to 408 kilometers per hour. According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), these are the strongest wind gusts on record.

This serious record was set with the help of tropical cyclone Olivia. Tropical cyclones are rotating regions of storm winds. They occur when warm, moist air rises from the surface of the ocean and forms a low-pressure weather system.

Oklahoma State, USA

A tornado is a rotating vertical vortex that forms between the lower edge of thunderclouds and the earth's surface. If instead of earth there is water below, then such a whirlwind is called a waterspout. Tornadoes are "the most violent of all atmospheric storms," ​​according to the National Storm Laboratory in Norman, Oklahoma.
On April 27, 2011, 207 tornadoes were registered there within one day. In Oklahoma, WMO noted the highest wind speed for this type of vortex: 486 kilometers per hour. It happened on May 3, 1999 in the Bridge Creek area. Although tornadoes can drive the wind to incredible levels, they don't last long.

South ocean

Unlike the Northern Hemisphere, in the Southern Hemisphere, there are almost no continents in the path of the prevailing westerly winds - therefore, the wind can accelerate without interference to speeds of over 150 kilometers per hour. This is a lot, but a little further to the south lies the continent, which was recognized as the most blown on Earth more than a century ago.

Antarctica

From February 1912 to December 1913, scientists measured the wind speed at Cape Denison in the Commonwealth Sea in the east of Antarctica. And to this day it is believed that of all the weather stations located at sea level, this one is located in the most blown place. On July 6, 1913, a record for the average wind force per hour was recorded at this station: it amounted to 153 km / h, but this is according to the Air Force. But according to Wikipedia and other sources, the fastest blowing over the Commonwealth Sea constant winds- 320 km / h.

According to the Beaufort scale widely used to estimate wind speed, the weather at Cape Denison is, on average, regarded as stormy. Sir Douglas Mawson, who led the expedition to Cape Denison, wrote: "The climate is essentially a year-round snowstorm and blizzard: gale-force winds roar for weeks, interrupted only occasionally for a couple of hours." The combination of strong winds and sub-zero temperatures makes it difficult to measure the strength of katabatic winds.

In Japan, kamikaze - "divine wind" - was considered a gift from the gods. This is how the two typhoons that saved Japan from the Mongol invasion of 1274 and 1281 were named.

Two other notable storms wear common name"Protestant wind". One of them delayed and significantly damaged the ships of the Spanish "Invincible Armada" during the attack on England in 1588, which led to the defeat of the armada and the establishment of English domination of the sea. Another prevented English ships from leaving the harbors in 1688, which helped William of Orange to land in England and conquer it.

During the Egyptian campaign of Napoleon, the French soldiers were significantly affected by dust storms brought by the desert wind khamsin: if the locals had time to hide, the French, unaccustomed to these winds, suffocated in the dust. Khamsin stopped the battle several times during the Second World War, when visibility dropped to almost zero, and electrical discharges made compasses unusable.

There are even more powerful winds, which, however, are no longer on our planet:

- On Jupiter, wind speeds can reach 600 km / h;
- On Uranus, the wind speed reaches 900 km / h;
- On Neptune, a speed of 1138 km / h was recorded, despite the fact that the temperature of the atmosphere was - 220 degrees Celsius;
“Finally, the strongest winds blow on Saturn. Their speed reaches 1800 km / h.

Sources:
www.bbc.com/russian/science/2015/10/1510 26_vert_ear_where_is_the_windiest_place_on_earth
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind
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There are several places that are desperately vying for the title of the windiest area on planet Earth. However, it turns out that nature is trying to keep some of its secrets, and the wind is not so easy to measure, and the title of the most windy place depends on the definition of "windy".

Barrow Island

Located northwest of the coast of Australia, this small island has experienced strong wind gusts. In 1996, April 10, meteorological station recorded the strongest gust of wind in history, the speed of which reached 408 km per hour. This gust of wind came on the wings of Tropical Cyclone Olivia.

Tropical cyclones form when warm, humid air from the surface of the seas and oceans. They are accompanied heavy rainfall and storm force winds. Tropical cyclones are capable of long time maintain its strength only over large bodies of water, such as open seas and oceans. The islands are particularly affected by such weather phenomena. Such a cyclone in the northern hemisphere is called a typhoon, and over the waters of the Atlantic Ocean - a hurricane.

Despite the fact that Cyclone Olivia brought the strongest gust of wind, it is still not the strongest cyclone. Usually the power of a cyclone is determined by the continuous strength of the wind. According to meteorological data, the champion was Typhoon Nancy, whose continuous wind force in 1961 reached 146 km per hour. Nancy caused the deaths of 170 people in Japan.

Yet cyclones are not wind champions. Even more destructive gusts occur during tornadoes and tornadoes. Thus, one of the windiest places in the world is located in the very center of the United States.

Oklahoma

A tornado in Russian, often called a tornado, is an air column that connects a thundercloud to the ground. According to many meteorologists, tornadoes are the most powerful and destructive of all. atmospheric vortices and storms.

Such weather phenomenon, like tornadoes, can happen anywhere, but most often they appear in the United States. The southeastern states have even been given the title of "tornado alley". In 2011, the "alley" served as an arena for the formation of 207 separate tornadoes in a 24-hour period.

In 1999, on May 3, the highest speed of a tornado was recorded in Oklahoma, reaching 486 km per hour.

Despite high wind speeds in tornadoes, this weather phenomenon is usually relatively short-lived, but there is a place where you can encounter strong winds at any time of the year.

South ocean

So conventionally called the waters of the three oceans - Indian, Pacific and Atlantic, which wash the shores of Antarctica. Increasingly, among specialists, there is a division of the world ocean not into the usual four water bodies, but into five, when they determine a separate role for the Southern Ocean.

Any traveler or explorer who has circumnavigated the world will tell you that the waters of the Southern Ocean are the most restless. Starting from 40 ° latitude, the winds become especially cruel and strong. Gusts are further enhanced by the fact that air flows are not interrupted by continents and large islands. Thus, the continuous force of the wind in the Southern Ocean can reach 160 km per hour.

Although this strength is enough to recognize the Southern Ocean as one of the windiest places, a little south of the restless waters lies the continent, whose air currents earned it the title of the windiest 100 years ago.

Antarctica

The wind in Antarctica is unusual - it is called katabatic, or falling. Due to the shape of the continent, dense air currents descend on the icy slopes, which makes the wind not only strong, but also unusually cold.

The shape of the continent is very similar to a dome, the wind blows from the top towards the coastline with a slope to the left due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis. The strength of the wind gusts on the southernmost continent has been regularly measured since December 1913. The windiest hour in the history of Antarctica was July 6, 1913, when the force of the air currents reached a speed of 153 km per hour.

However, it is very difficult to measure the strength of the katabatic wind, especially in Antarctica, where the temperature never rises above zero. Firstly, strong air currents, due to their density, easily break equipment, and secondly, even if some measuring stations and poles remain intact, they often freeze.