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Declension of Russian masculine surnames. Declining the names of employees in documents and business correspondence

Russia is a multinational country, so there are many names and surnames of different origins.

We have to sign notebooks, fill out documents, and we must put our last name in a certain case and not make a mistake with the ending. This is where difficulties await us. For example, how to say correctly: “reward Lyanka Elena or Lyanka Elena, Bavtruk Timur or Bavtruk Timur, Anton Sedykh or Anton Sedogo»?

Today we will try to understand some aspects of the declension of foreign and Russian-speaking surnames, male and female.

Let's begin with most of the surnames are originally Russian similar in form to adjectives with suffixes -sk-, -in-, -ov- (-ev-): Hvorostovsky, Veselkin, Mikhalkov, Ivanov, Tsarev. They can take the form of both male and female, and also used in plural. At the same time, rarely does anyone have difficulties with declension of such surnames.

I. p. (who? what?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

R. p. (who? what?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

D. p. (to whom? what?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

V. p. (who? what?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

etc. (by whom? with what?) Hvorostovsky, Hvorostovskaya, Hvorostovsky.

P. p. (about whom? about what?) about Hvorostovsky, about Hvorostovskaya, about the Hvorostovskys.

However, you need to be careful with surnames ending with a consonant or soft sign. For example, Jackal, Tavgen, Korob, Great-Grandfather. In this case, the declination will depend on What gender does the surname belong to? If we're talking about about a woman, they are similar e surnames are indeclinable, but male surnames are indeclinable, like nouns of the 2nd declension husband. R. (such as table, deer). This does not apply to surnames ending in - them(s). For example, go along with Jackal Anna And Jackal Anton, talk about Tavgen Anastasia and about Tavgena Alexandra, walk with Daria's great-grandfather and with Great-grandfather Emelyan.

Some surnames like Child, Kravets, Zhuravel can have variable declension due to the fact that they are similar to common nouns. When declension of nouns occurs dropping a vowel at the end of a word(zhur flight ow I, bathe the rebbe NK a), when declining a surname, the vowel can be preserved to prevent distortion or comical sound of the surname (write Zhuravel, dispatch from child).

Don't bow male and female surnames -s(s). Talk about Diana Sedykh and about Anton Sedykh, write Velimiru Kruchenykh And Antonina Kruchenykh.

All female and male surnames ending in vowels, except -A or -I, are unyielding. For example, Artman, Amadou, Bossuet, Goethe, Galsworthy, Gramsci, Grétry, Debussy, Dzhusoit, Daudet, Camus, Cornu, Lully, Manzu, Modigliani, Navoi, Rustaveli, Ordzhonikidze, Chabukiani, Enescu and many others.

This also includes surnames ending in -O, and surnames of Ukrainian origin in -ko. For example, Hugo, La Rochefoucauld, Leoncavallo, Longfellow, Picasso, Craft, Khitrovo, Chamisso, Makarenko, Korolenko, Gorbatko, Shepitko, Savchenko, Zhivago, Derevyago, etc.

Declension of surnames ending in -A, causes the greatest difficulties. Here it is necessary to take into account several criteria: origin of the surname, accent and letter after which -A located. Let's try to simplify the picture as much as possible.

Surnames do not lean towards -A, if this letter is preceded by a vowel (most often at or And): Gulia, Moravia, Delacroix, Heredia. This also applies to last names of Georgian origin.

Surnames do not lean towards -AFrench origin with emphasis on the last syllable: Degas, Dumas, Luc, Thomas, Fermat, Petipa and etc.

All other surnames are -A declined in Russian. Bring Lyanka Elena, take from Shatravki Inna, read Petrarch, together with Kurosawa, O Glinka, For Alexandra Mitta.

The situation is similar with the declination of surnames from the final -I: surnames are not declined French origin with emphasis on the last syllable (Zola). All other surnames ending in -I, bow. For example, persuade Ivan Golovnya And Elena Golovnya, write about Beria, movie Georgy Danelia.

Thus, as you may have noticed, you need to know not so many rules in order to correctly pronounce your surname in Russian. We hope that now you will not make mistakes when signing a notebook or filling out documents! But if you still have any doubts, please contact us. Our specialists will always try to help!

Good luck to you and the beautiful, literate, rich Russian language!

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Most Russian surnames are declined by case according to the rules of the Russian language. However, there are many surnames of foreign origin whose endings differ from the typical endings of Russian surnames. Two questions arise: to persuade them or not, how to persuade them? Let's consider different cases surname declensions:

1. Surnames ending in -ov/ev, -in/yn, -skiy/skoy, -tskiy/tskoy make up the bulk of Russian surnames. Their declension usually does not raise questions and occurs with the addition of endings according to the following rules:

Table 1. Surnames starting with -ov/-ova

Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
I.p.	Who?	Ivanov	Ivanova	Ivanovs
R.p.	whom?	Ivanov A	Ivanov Ouch	Ivanov s
D.p.	to whom?	Ivanov at	Ivanov Ouch	Ivanov th
V.p.	whom?	Ivanov A	Ivanov at	Ivanov s
etc.	by whom?	Ivanov th	Ivanov Ouch	Ivanov them
P.p.	about whom?	about Ivanov e	about Ivanov Ouch	about Ivanov s

Table 2. Surnames in -skiy/-skaya

Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
I.p.	Who?	Akhtyrsky	Akhtyrskaya	Akhtyrskiye
R.p.	whom?	Akhtyrsk Wow	Akhtyrsk Ouch	Akhtyrsk their
D.p.	to whom?	Akhtyrsk wow	Akhtyrsk Ouch	Akhtyrsk them
V.p.	whom?	Akhtyrsk Wow	Akhtyrsk wow	Akhtyrsk their
etc.	by whom?	Akhtyrsk them	Akhtyrsk Ouch	Akhtyrsk them
P.p.	about whom?	about Akhtyrsk ohm	about Akhtyrsk Ouch	about Akhtyrsk their

2. Surnames consonant with adjectives are declined in accordance with the declension of adjectives in the masculine and feminine gender and in the plural: Likhoy, Tolstaya, Bely, Velikiy.

Table 3. Surnames consonant with adjectives

Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
I.p.	Who? which one?	Dashing	Dashing	Dashing
R.p.	whom? which one?	Likh Wow	Likh Ouch	Likh their
D.p.	to whom? which one?	Likh wow	Likh Ouch	Likh them
V.p.	whom? which one?	Likh Wow	Likh wow	Likh their
etc.	by whom? which one?	Likh them	Likh Ouch	Likh them
P.p.	about whom? about which one?	o Likh ohm	o Likh Ouch	o Likh their

3. Surnames consonant with nouns are declined according to gender; grammatical gender does not affect the declination. Including foreign languages without stress on the last syllable. Examples of surnames: Melnik, Guitar, Bull, Vorona, Chernous, Shcherba, Kafka. Masculine surnames (Melnik, Trus) are declined for men according to the rule of declension of masculine nouns, but for women they are not declined in the plural. Feminine surnames (Gitara, Friday) for men and women are declined according to the rules of declension of feminine nouns; in the plural, the surname has the form of the nominative case in men and is not declined according to cases.

Table 4. Surnames consonant with masculine nouns

Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
I.p.	Who?	Miller	Miller	Miller
R.p.	whom?	Miller A
D.p.	to whom?	Miller at
V.p.	whom?	Miller A
etc.	by whom?	Miller ohm
P.p.	about whom?	about Melnik e

Table 5. Surnames consonant with feminine nouns

Case	Case question	Male surname	Female surname	Plural
I.p.	Who?	Guitar	Guitar	Guitar
R.p.	whom?	Guitar s	Guitar s
D.p.	to whom?	Guitar e	Guitar e
V.p.	whom?	Guitar at	Guitar at
etc.	by whom?	Guitar Ouch	Guitar Ouch
P.p.	about whom?	about Guitar e	Guitar e

Note 1. It is worth clarifying the emphasis in surnames ending in -a, since the ending of the instrumental case depends on this. Compare: Left-handed - Left-handed, Left-handed - Left-handed.
Note 2. French surnames with accent ending -а, -я, not inclined: Emile Zola, Pierre Broca, about Alexandre Dumas.

SURNAME WITH CONSONANT SOUND

Declension of foreign and Slavic surnames ending in a consonant (in writing they end with a consonant, soft sign or th), depends on the gender of the person named. If the surname refers to a man, then it is declined like a masculine second declension noun. Women's surnames of this type are not declined.

For example:

Anna Schmidt	Peter Schmidt	Roman Zyuz	Ivan Gaidai
Anna Schmidt	Peter Schmidt	Romana Zyuzya	Ivan Gaidai
Anne Schmidt	Peter Schmidt	Roman Zyuzya	Ivan Gaidai
Anna Schmidt	Peter Schmidt	Romana Zyuzya	Ivan Gaidai
Anna Schmidt	Peter Schmidt	Roman Zyuz	Ivan Gaidai
(about) Anna Schmidt	(about) Peter Schmidt	(about) Roman Zyuz	(about) Ivan Gaidai

Note.

1. Application of the rule requires knowledge of the gender of the person named. The text or title page of a publication does not always allow a native speaker to convey such information, therefore, in writing and in oral speech Difficulties may arise when using surnames with a consonant. For example, on title page the author is A. Shtol, and the annotation does not contain information about the full name. The reader, without having reliable data, will not be able to correctly formulate his speech: “I read the novels of A. Shtol (female surname) or A. Shtol (male surname).”

2. “Outlandish” surnames like Crest And Astrakhan, homonymous to common nouns, geographical names, names of animals and insects, often cause difficulties in declension. Surnames of this type can be divided into two groups:

a) homonymous noun m.r. 2 cl. ( Bug, Goose, Belt etc.) often in such cases they keep the surname in the initial form: Ivan Zhuk, certificate given Dmitry Goose; if there is a fluent vowel in the surname, then it can be recommended to preserve it in order to avoid curious combinations, for example: citizen Belt, certificate issued to citizen Belt(compare: I don’t have a belt), Ivan came Hare, letter to Ivan To the hare(compare: approach the hare ) ;

b) homonymous with the noun zh.r. 3 cl. ( Sadness, Love, Astrakhan, Corn, Junk, Weird, Pain etc.) it can be recommended not to incline for males.

3. Surnames with a fluent vowel type Boys,Kobets. There is no clear answer in the scientific and reference literature. There are two options:

	option I	option II
	Ivan Kobets	Ivan Kobets
	Ivan Kobts	Ivan Kobets
	Ivan Kobts	Ivan Kobets
	Ivan Kobts	Ivan Kobets
	Ivan Kobets	Ivan Kobets
	(about) Ivan Kobts	(about) Ivan Kobets

It should also be noted that in oblique cases homonymy of forms of surnames like Kravets And Kravets, Zikranets And Zikrantz. In this case, for the former it is better to use declension option II.

4. It is necessary to distinguish between homonymous Russian (as well as Russified) surnames and those borrowed from -s And -in. For example: Peter Chaplin / Vera Chaplin and Charlie Chaplin / Helen Chaplin, Ivan Flotov / Marina Flotova and Hans Flotov / Helga Flotov. Such surnames are distinguished by the ending of the instrumental case. Russian surnames (as well as Russified ones) in instrumental case have a masculine ending -th: Peter Chaplin. The “non-Russian” surname in the masculine instrumental case has the ending -om: Charlie Chaplin. Women's surnames like these are not inclined at all: approach Helen Chaplin, meet Helga Fleets. Compare: approach Vera Chaplina, meet Marina Flotov.

Declining:
1. Male non-Russian surnames ending with a consonant (Schmidt, Remchuk, Mayer, etc.). In double foreign-language surnames, the last part is declined (Conan Doyle, Ter-Ghevondyan, etc.).
2. Non-Russian surnames with an unstressed vowel -а/-я
(Creations of Pablo Neruda, songs of Bulat Okudzhava).
Do not bow:
1. Female non-Russian surnames ending with a consonant (Schmidt, Remchuk, Mayer, etc.).
2. Non-Russian surnames ending in the stressed vowel -а/-я (novels by Dumas).
3. Foreign surnames ending in vowels (Massenet, Rustavelli, Verdi, Ananiashvili, Donizetti, Mascagni, Bul-Bul ogly, etc.).
4. Surnames starting with -ago, -yago, -yh, -ikh, -ovo, -ko (Dubyago, Sedykh, Dolgikh).
5. Male and female surnames that match common nouns(Rooster, Lynx, Wolf, Rat, Salo, Awl, Throat, etc.).
The surname is used in the plural:

with two male names (Peter and Andrey Makarevich),
with the words husband and wife (husband and wife of Birikha),
with the words father and son (father and son Weinermans).

The surname is used in the singular:

with two female names (Svetlana and Nina Kim),
with female and male names (Olga and Oleg Bauer),
with the word wife (wife Schmidt),
with the words brother and sister (brother and sister Wulf).

Morphological norms of the adjective name
Education of degrees of comparison

1. When forming the degree of comparison of an adjective, one should not allow the combination of simple and compound degrees of comparison (For example, the forms are erroneous: brighter, the whitest).
2. Three adjectives form a simple form comparative degree in a suppletive way. Bad is worse, good is better, small is less.
3. The unproductive suffix -e is characteristic of adjectives with a base on g, x, d, t, st, which alternate to a comparative degree with zh, sh, ch, sh (tight - tighter, dry - drier, thick - thicker, young - younger , steep - steeper). The suffix -she is also unproductive; only a few forms are found with it: further, thinner, earlier, older, longer.
4. Simple form the comparative degree cannot be formed from adjectives with the suffix -sk-: friendly, comic, childish, tragic, suffering; from many adjectives with the suffix -l-: emaciated, faded, dilapidated; from some adjectives with the suffixes -n- and -k-: manual, bloody, cumbersome; from adjectives with the suffix -ov-: business, ordinary; from adjectives with the suffixes -enk- (-onk-), -ovat-: plump, thin, rude; from adjectives with prefixes of subjective assessment: cheerful, stupid, cunning. Many of these adjectives are relative in origin. In this case it is used compound form comparative degree.
5. Limitations in the formation of a simple comparative degree may also be due to the peculiarities of the semantics of adjectives. Among them are:

adjectives denoting animal colors: dun, black, bay;
adjectives of relative origin denoting colors: apricot, pomegranate, peach, cherry;
words whose lexical meaning contains an element of comparison: equal, identical, analogous, identical, similar;
adjectives, lexical meaning which does not allow the element of comparison: barefoot, blind, dumb, dead, deaf.

6. The formation of forms is simple superlatives Basically the same restrictions apply as in the formation of simple forms of the comparative degree (structural and semantic). Let us only add that there are some non-derivative adjectives from which the comparative degree is formed, but the superlative degree is not: large, young, long, dry, tight, etc.
7. The simple form of the comparative degree can be complicated by the prefix po-, which enhances the degree of predominance of quality in one of the objects being compared: this room is larger; These threads are shorter. These forms are typical for colloquial speech.
8. B literary language the following forms of the comparative degree of adjectives are accepted: more brisk, louder, more agile, sweeter, more trenchant, etc. (and not more lively, louder, more agile, sweeter, more trenchant).
9. In the form of a comparative degree (darker), the subject of comparison (darker than ...) must be indicated or an intensifying word must be added.

Correct declension of a masculine surname: rule, example

a schoolboy looks in a book for examples of correct declension of surnames

Depending on the origin, the presence/absence of a vowel at the end of a word or a consonant, masculine surnames have a number of rules for declension.

Globally, we divide them into 2 large groups:

changing endings
remaining unchanged

The first group of rules includes:

-ov, -in for Russian and borrowed variants are inclined according to the classical scheme. For example, work by Ivanov, the painting belongs to Sanin, I’m waiting for Sidorov, to talk with Fonvizin about Krysin.
The surnames of foreigners starting with -in, -ov in the instrumental case acquire the ending -om. Example: the role was played by Chaplin, the hero was voiced by Green.
When the bearer of the surname is Russian and it comes from Russian homonyms, the rule with the ending -й in the instrumental case is triggered.
Example: from the word krona - go with Kronin, from the dialect version chaplya - skating with Chaplin.
Unstressed endings -а, -я are declined according to general rules.
For example, Globa’s notebook, Shegda’s car, Okudzhava’s production.
Georgian -iya letters change endings, For example, merits of Beria.
-and the accent at the end of surnames of Slavic origin suggests a change in endings, For example, with Kvasha and Frying Pan.
A hard or soft consonant at the end of a surname turns into combinations with vowels during declension.
For example, Blok’s poems, interview with Gaft, give to Mickiewicz.
In the adjective form it is declined according to the general rules.
For example, victories of Lyuty, campaign to Tolstoy.

The second group of rules include the following:

foreign letters remain unchanged,
-a, -ya drums of French origin do not bend, for example, Dumas's carriage, letters about Zola,
-they don’t bend at the end,
with endings in -o, -u, -i, -e, -yu remain unchanged when declension,
-yh at the end keeps the surname unchanged during declension.

Correct declension of a male name: rule, example

cartoon wise owl explains the rule for declension of male names

There are also male names of different origins. However, the rules for their declension are the same:

when a name ends with a consonant, hard or soft, or with -th, changes occur according to general principle Declension of nouns.
The stress remains unchanged, but moves in monosyllables.
Examples: Alexander - Alexandra - Alexandru, Peter - Petra - Peter, Timothy - Timothy - Timothy.
-iya, -ya, -ya, -ey are similar to the declension features of nouns with a similar ending.
Example: Elijah - Elijah - Elijah, Zechariah - Zechariah - Zechariah.
-a - the change in ending corresponds to the rule of declension of ordinary nouns with -a at the end.
Example: Nikita - Nikita - Nikita.

Since the Russian language has a lot foreign words and names of people of other nationalities, the latter in some cases do not fall under the rules of declension and remain unchanged. These are names ending with:

vowels -yu, -u, -y, -i, -e, -e, -o. Example, Jose, Aibu
two vowels, except -iya, -ee. Example, Francois, Kachaa

Correct declension of the masculine patronymic: rule, example

child school age looks through the rules and examples of declension of a male patronymic on a tablet

Let us note a number of features before moving on to declination male middle names:

Classic endings, namely -evich, -ovich.
Example, Alexander Alexandrovich, Timofey - Timofeevich.
Adding a soft sign before the ending if the father's name ends in -iy, that is -evich.
Example, Valery - Valerievich.
If the father's name ends in -a, then -ich is added to the patronymic. Example, Luka - Lukich, Nikita - Nikitich.

Let's add a table with changes in endings in male patronymics when declining them by case:

table of declension of male patronymics by case

Correct declension of a feminine surname: rule, example

a stack of open books with examples of the correct declension of female surnames

Women's surnames have a number of differences from men's surnames in declension.

With the ending in -ina, -ova change according to cases. For example, for Shukshina, for Ivanova.
Depending on the characteristics of the declination male surnames There is a difference for women's versions as well. For example, Currant, Pearl. In this case, the declination in the female variants is the arrival of Nadya Smorodina and Lina Zhemchuzhina. If men's options Smorodin and Zhemchuzhin, then female, respectively - the arrival of Zoya Smorodina and Katya Zhemchuzhina.
Unstressed -a and -i change endings when declensional. Example, Valentina Globa, Katerina Okudzhava.
Similar to adjectives change the ending according to the principle of declension of adjectives. Example: Lena the Great, Tatiana Svetlaya.

Lack of declensions for surnames:

French origin
ending in -ko, -o, -e, -i, -u, -yu, -yh and also with a consonant

Correct declension of a female name: rule, example

a girl with glasses looks out from behind the books in which she was looking for rules for declension of female names

Generally female names change their ending when declined. There are a number of rules that govern this:

ending in -a, except for g, k, c, x. Example:

Declension table for female names ending in -a

the same ending after g, k, x and separately after c

table of declension of female names ending in -a after g. k, x

Declension table for female names ending in -a after c

two-syllable names ending in -я, as well as those that have this letter unstressed, change their endings according to cases as follows:

Declension table for female names ending in -i

ending in -iya, except for disyllabic ones. Example below:

example of declension of female names into -iya in the table

with endings in a soft sign and hissing ones - change as follows:

tables of declension of female names ending in the nominative case with a soft sign and a hissing letter

Exceptions include a number of female names of foreign origin. They often don't bow down.

Examples are the same names that were presented in the table above, which have a hissing letter at the end.

Correct declension of the feminine patronymic: rule, example

a tired schoolboy at his desk covered himself with an open textbook with the rules for declension of the feminine patronymic

There are a number of rules for declension of female patronymics depending on their formation from male names. Namely:

names ending in unstressed -a form patronymics with -ichna. If the last syllable male name with emphasis, then -inichna. Example: Nikita - Nitichna, Ilya - Ilyinichna.
If the basis is a name of the second declension with a zero and ending in -iy, then the patronymic is added -ovna, -evna. Example: Evgeny - Evgenievna, Vladimir - Vladimirovna.

For clarity, we insert a table of declension of female patronymics: