Contents of combat and mobilization readiness activities. Combat readiness of troops

Against the backdrop of massive calls for world peace, almost every state is constantly developing its military-industrial complex. After the Second World War, two superpowers took absolute leadership in the political arena: the USA and the USSR, whose successor was modern Russia. Over the seventy-year period, no direct armed conflict arose between these countries, but relations often entered a rather aggravated phase.

That is why it is advisable to periodically check the military potential of the armed forces. This is achieved by organizing exercises or combat drills, but there is also a political subtext, since any test of the level of combat readiness of the RF Armed Forces is regarded by a potential enemy as an aggressive step. At the same time, such events are aimed at demonstrating the capabilities of the Armed Forces and their readiness to take active action, which should significantly reduce the ardor of presumptuous “partners.”

It is necessary to soberly assess the situation in the world associated with the constant expansion of the NATO military bloc. It is gratifying to understand that the US worries are not unfounded, because the success of the Russian Aerospace Forces during its implementation showed a high degree of preparedness of military personnel, as well as superiority in many positions domestic technology ahead of their Western counterparts.

Concept of combat readiness

Each of us has probably heard about the degree of combat readiness, but the direct understanding of the basic term is sometimes quite far from the truth. Combat readiness is determined by the state of the armed forces at the current moment to mobilize and complete the assigned task in the conditions of real battles with the enemy.

IN war time a high degree of combat readiness is important for all units and subunits. The tasks must be completed by everyone possible ways, for which the use of equipment, weapons, nuclear weapons or weapons mass destruction.

Bringing to combat readiness

The process of bringing the armed forces to a state of combat readiness is proceeding according to plan. The regulatory document for personnel and commanders, as well as for officials, is the manual on combat training in the RF Armed Forces, which includes the corresponding order of the Ministry of Defense, a collection of standards that discuss combat training in the RF Armed Forces, standards for physical training. This should also include a drill manual, a manual on methods and means of camouflage, rules for using PPE, behavior when using MP weapons, and, finally, textbooks for officials.

The leadership of bringing into combat readiness rests with the unit commander. The plan specifies methods of alerting personnel, signals and locations, and defines the action of the personnel daily outfit and all those on duty, the leadership of the commandant service has been appointed.

The signal to put on combat readiness is received by the HF duty officer. The command is then transmitted, using available warning systems, to the unit commander or, alternatively, to unit duty officers. Be sure to carry out the command clarification procedure.

The raising of a company on alarm is assigned by the unit commander and announced by the unit on duty. All soldiers are informed about the start of a certain operation and a general gathering is announced. If a citizen does not live on the territory of a military unit, he will receive a collection order from a messenger. Drivers military equipment are required to arrive at the park, where they will have to prepare the cars before the appointed time.

Often, a stay at the place of deployment involves the transportation of certain property. These works are assigned to the personnel, where the chief is appointed from among those senior in rank. After successful preparatory measures, it is necessary to wait for the officers. Military personnel not included in the combat crew must independently arrive at the assembly point.

Constant combat readiness

The degree of combat readiness depends on external factors. First of all, this is the level of threat of violation of state borders. It should be noted that for each level of readiness a set of measures is clearly prescribed, which covers the entire chain of command in the army. This is the only way to achieve high efficiency to reduce the response time to a threat.

Statistics show that the quality of combat readiness depends on the preparedness of military personnel and their field training. The professionalism of the officers also has a direct impact. Here it is most appropriate to mention the implementation of all points of the combined arms regulations. Last but not least is the unit's logistics. When fully staffed, the unit can be easily brought to any level of readiness.

One of the approved degrees of armed forces readiness in which a unit can remain in peacetime is constant combat readiness. All units are geographically located in a stationary location, general activities are carried out as usual. There is no need to talk about maintaining proper discipline, since it must be present in any military unit. Weapons and ammunition are stored in specially equipped warehouses, and equipment may be subject to scheduled maintenance. But we should not forget about the possibility of transferring the unit to a state with a higher degree of readiness.

Increased

The state of a unit in which it conducts planned activities, but at any moment can carry out a real combat mission, is called increased readiness. There are some standard activities for this degree. They are appointed by the command of the unit, based on external conditions and internal structure.

• Vacations and dismissals, as well as transfers to reserve, are not temporarily assigned.
• The daily outfit is reinforced by personnel.
• A 24-hour duty regime is established.
• The availability of weapons and equipment is regularly checked.
• Officers are issued weapons and ammunition.
• All military personnel, without exception, are transferred to barracks status.

In a state of heightened combat readiness, a unit must react not only to the expected actions of the enemy, but also be prepared for a sudden change in his plans. But in fairness, it should be noted that some can remain in such a status only during exercises. In reality, either the foreign policy situation becomes more complicated, or everything returns to a peaceful course. Staying in a state of high alert for a long time is fraught with significant financial costs.

Military threat and complete BG

Military danger occurs during the maximum permissible conflict without active hostilities. At the same time, the armed forces are redeployed in such a way that the equipment is withdrawn to alternative areas, but in general the unit performs its main function. Military units rise upon an alarm and can be sent to carry out strategic tasks. The third degree of readiness is characterized by standard activities.

1. Military personnel who have completed their term of service are not subject to dismissal.
2. Young recruits are not recruited for service.

Speaking about financing, it should be noted that in this case the volume Money for the maintenance of the army is even greater than in the previous case considered. Alternative areas are being developed no further than 30 km from the previous location. One of them must remain secret, and therefore may not be equipped with communications. The equipment must be refueled, and the personnel must be supplied with ammunition.

With full readiness, the state is on the verge of conducting hostilities. At the same time, various options for introducing martial law are provided. All officers are subject to general mobilization. 24-hour duty is organized. Staffing units that were reduced in peacetime are being staffed again. Communication between officers is subject to encryption. Oral reports must be documented. The unit can be transferred to full readiness from any of the listed states.

The following levels of combat readiness have been established in the Russian Armed Forces:

1. Combat readiness “Constant”

2. Combat readiness “Increased”

3. Combat readiness “Military danger”

4. Combat readiness “Full”

Combat readiness "constant"- the daily state of the troops, the availability of personnel, weapons, armored vehicles and transport, the provision of all types of material resources and the ability to go into “increased”, “military danger” and “full” combat readiness within the time limit established for them.

Units and subdivisions are located in places of permanent deployment. Combat training is organized according to the combat training plan, classes are conducted according to the training schedule, strict implementation of the daily routine, maintaining high discipline, all this has a significant impact on the level of combat readiness in peacetime.

Combat readiness "increased"- the state of the troops in which they are at a minimum short time can be put on "military danger" and "full" alert without performing combat missions.

When ready for combat "increased" The following set of measures is carried out:

Officers and warrant officers are transferred, if necessary, to barracks position

All types of fees and vacations are canceled

All units return to location

Current allowance equipment is removed from short-term storage

Batteries are installed on TD equipment

Combat training equipment and weapons are loaded with ammunition

The outfit is enhanced

24-hour duty of responsible staff officers is established

The warning and alarm system is checked

Retirement to reserve ceases

Archives are preparing for delivery

Weapons and ammunition are issued to officers and warrant officers

Combat readiness "military danger"- the state of the troops in which they are ready to perform combat missions. The timing of bringing units into “military danger” combat readiness depends on many factors (climate, time of year, etc.). Personnel receive weapons and gas masks. All equipment and weapons are removed to the reserve area.

Reduced personnel units and personnel, which are staffed according to the mobilization plan with officers, warrant officers, sergeants and active-duty soldiers, as well as reserve personnel, receive the organizational core, prepare for the withdrawal of equipment, weapons and materiel to the reserve area, and deploy reception points for enlisted personnel .

The organizational core includes personnel and reserve officers, drivers, driver mechanics, military personnel of scarce specialties that are extremely necessary to ensure the organizational reception of enlisted personnel and equipment with National economy.

Combat readiness "full"- the state of the highest degree of combat readiness of troops, at which they are able to begin performing combat missions.

Parts of the reduced staff and personnel begin to receive assigned personnel and equipment from agriculture. The units are staffed according to the mobilization plan with reserve personnel up to their full wartime staff strength. Responsibility for the high-quality staffing of the unit with conscripts rests with the commander and the district military commissar, who are obliged to constantly study and know the personnel assigned from the reserve. The unit commander coordinates with the military commissar the signals and procedure for sending commands to the personnel reception point.

PPLS consists of the following elements:

Department of appearance and reception of commands

Medical examination department

Distribution department

Department for issuing protective equipment

Department of sanitation and equipment.

Before arriving at the unit, those liable for military service are included in the official lists and receive the appropriate weapons.

Supply of missing automotive technology to the unit is carried out directly from enterprises and organizations with full-time drivers.

For the organizational reception of equipment from agriculture, a equipment reception point is deployed near the unit, which consists of:

Incoming equipment collection department

Equipment reception department

Department of distribution and transfer of accepted machines.

After receiving personnel and equipment, combat coordination of the units is carried out. The main tasks of combat coordination of units are:

Increasing the combat readiness of units by coordinating units and preparing them for combat operations,

Improving military knowledge and field training by personnel, acquiring solid practical skills in performing duties,

Instilling in commanders practical skills in skillful leadership of units.

Combat coordination is carried out in four periods.

The first period is the reception of personnel and the formation of units. Performing test firing exercises from fixed weapons and driving cars. Coordination of departments (settlements). Study of standard weapons and equipment.

Second period: coordination of platoons during tactical battery exercises.

Third period: coordination of batteries during tactical exercises of the division.

Fourth period: tactical live-fire exercises.

Thus, we see that “full” combat readiness is the state of the highest degree of combat readiness of troops.

Levels of combat readiness and procedures for personnel include: a large number of events and are strictly regulated by time. In view of this, every soldier must know his duties and fulfill them perfectly.

At the command of the duty officer “Company, rise, Alert,” each soldier is obliged to quickly get up, get dressed, get a personal weapon: gas mask, OZK, duffel bag, steel helmet, warm clothes (including winter time) and act according to combat calculations. The duffel bag should contain:

Cape

Bowler

Flask, mug, spoon

Underwear (by season)

Foot wraps

Accessories

Letter paper, envelopes, pencils

When alerted, the serviceman fills his duffel bag with toiletries. The assigned personnel are equipped at the PPLS in the equipment and sanitation department.

Conclusion

Combat readiness of the armed forces (troops) is a state that determines the degree of readiness of each type of armed forces (troops) to carry out the combat missions assigned to it. The presence of weapons of mass destruction in the army's arsenal and the possibility of its sudden and massive use pose a threat to the warfighting of the armed forces (troops). high requirements. The armed forces must be capable of launching active fighting on land, at sea and in the air. To this end, in modern armies provision is made for the maintenance of troops in a constant (everyday) battlefield. Constant warfare is ensured by the necessary staffing of the troops with personnel, weapons, equipment, supplies of material resources, as well as high training of personnel.

Literature:

1. Manual on shooting (AKM, RPK, PC, RPG)

2. Battle regulations Ground Forces Part 2 (battalion, company).

3. Combat regulations of the Ground Forces, part 3 (platoon, squad, tank).

4. Tutorial"Course of lectures on general tactics."

5. Textbook "Tactics" book 2 (battalion, company).

6. Magazine "Military Thought" for February 1994.

7. Textbook "Organization and armament of foreign armies."

Discussed at the PMK meeting

Protocol No. ___

«___» __________

Developed by senior teacher of cycle No. 11

The essence of the combat readiness of units lies in their combat effectiveness, which is determined by the totality of combat capabilities to carry out tasks in accordance with their intended purpose. Combat effectiveness depends on the combat training of units, the state of combat readiness of weapons and equipment, and the availability of material resources.

Combat training is understood as a complex of knowledge, skills and abilities of personnel, their moral, psychological and physical condition, training and coherence of units to perform tasks in accordance with their intended purpose. Combat training is achieved through the entire system of combat training. Its most important component is the field training of military personnel and units, which is determined by their ability to act in concert using all modern means fight against a strong enemy and make the most of the capabilities of weapons and equipment. The field training of officers also includes the ability to quickly organize combat operations and firmly control units during combat.

The combat readiness of military equipment is determined by the degree of its readiness for use to perform combat missions. The main indicators of the combat readiness of military equipment are its technical condition, reliability and size of the technical resource, availability of a trained crew (crew), combat equipment, means of transportation and support, completeness of spare parts and operational documentation, time to prepare for combat use in any situation. IN modern conditions reducing the time it takes to transfer military equipment to full combat readiness is of particular importance.

The daily state of units and units should allow them to be prepared to carry out a combat mission within the established time frame. For this purpose, they are equipped with personnel, weapons, and military equipment according to peacetime standards and are provided with all types of military supplies.

The ability of each unit, regardless of composition and position, to put itself in full readiness to carry out combat missions occupies the most important place in the combat readiness system. This ability is ensured by the careful development of combat calculation of the actions of the unit’s personnel, constant clarification of the time, place and volume of activities carried out in order to take into account all changes in combat strength and the staffing of units with personnel and military equipment, determining the procedure for each military member of the unit with the announcement of various degrees of combat readiness. The time required to carry out activities and the amount of work carried out during the introduction of various degrees of combat readiness is determined by orders of the Commanders of military districts.

There are two ways to bring units into combat readiness: raising a combat alert and raising a training alert.

Combat alert is carried out in cases of threat of enemy attack in order to bring units into full combat readiness for the immediate execution of a combat mission.

The rise on a drill alert is carried out in order to prepare units for actions on a combat alert, when units go out for exercises, to eliminate the consequences natural Disasters, for extinguishing fires and solving other problems. In this case, units act as if on a combat alert, but with established restrictions.

Rising on drill alert is carried out by those commanders (chiefs) who have been granted this right by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.

Signal transmission is organized using a public address system. To notify units at the location of the unit, daily detachment and guard, a system of intercom and electric sound alarms is created, and to notify and collect military personnel serving under a contract, in addition to telephone communications and messengers, an audio alarm can be created. Notification of units located outside the unit's location is provided by technical means communications and mobile means. To notify military personnel on leave or business trips, appropriate documents must be prepared at the unit headquarters. Unit and subunit commanders bear full responsibility for organizing warnings. They must organize the selection and practical training of persons responsible for delivering signals to units and alerting personnel.

After receiving the alert signal, the unit duty officer personally and through his assistant notifies the units and reports to the commander and chief of staff. At the same time, measures are being taken to notify military personnel serving under contract. Having made sure that all units have received the signal, the duty officer monitors the activities being carried out and, in accordance with the established procedure, reports on the progress of the unit’s rise on combat alert. At the same time, special attention is paid to the timely departure of personnel to the park to remove equipment from storage and loading teams to warehouses, the departure of communications units to deploy a communications center at control points in the concentration area, and commandant service units to perform service on the advance routes. In addition, the duty officer is obliged to give instructions on the admission of personnel to protected objects, to strengthen the security of the headquarters and park and to ensure the timely change of guards.

With the arrival of the unit commander or chief of staff (if the combat alarm was received in their absence), the duty officer reports on the progress of the activities provided for in the plan, and subsequently acts according to their instructions.

Unit management officers upon arrival on alarm receive personal weapons and ammunition from the unit duty officer, and topographic maps in the secret part of the headquarters; Unit officers receive personal weapons and ammunition from the duty officer of the unit where they are stored. Topographic maps unit officers receive it at a place established by the unit commander.

The exit of a unit to the concentration area (if necessary) is carried out according to an established signal and, depending on the availability of routes, can be carried out by battalion or company columns, with direct security provided from them. The columns pass the starting point (line) at the exact time set by the unit commander.

For the organized exit of units to the concentration area, collection points are designated on the territory of military camps, near parks and warehouses. At these points, the personnel of the units are assembled, their equipment is completed and boarding takes place. military equipment(vehicles) to move to the concentration area. Vehicles loaded with materials in warehouses proceed independently to the collection points of their units. All soldiers, sergeants and officers must know the collection points.

Upon completion of the departure of personnel to the assembly points, the commanders of battalions (divisions) and individual companies (batteries) clarify (assign) the task to subordinate units for further actions. Only personnel allocated for the protection and delivery of barracks and property not taken will temporarily remain at the point of permanent deployment on a hike.

When entering the concentration area, the unit's units are controlled from command post short signals and through commandant posts, and in the concentration area - mainly through personal communication or using only wired and mobile means of communication.

Upon arrival in the concentration area, the layout of the units is clarified and they are staffed to wartime levels.

Units in the concentration area are located dispersedly, secretly, and taking into account the rapid and organized exit of columns from this area when receiving a combat mission or when moving to a new area.

The size of the area for the battalion's location on site is about 10 square kilometers. Companies in the indicated areas are located along the advance route, using the protective and camouflage properties of the terrain. The distance in open areas between combat vehicles should be 100 m, and between platoons - 300 m.

To protect the concentration area, battalions can set up guard detachments or outposts in threatened directions, and to ensure direct protection from subunits, guard posts and patrols can be organized.

At the same time, it is organizing air defense and shelters are equipped for personnel and equipment, and camouflage measures are taken.

Engineering equipment of the area begins immediately with its occupation. First of all, open and covered cracks, trenches, trenches, communication passages, dugouts and shelters for personnel, trenches and shelters for weapons and equipment are equipped, structures for command and medical posts are erected, barriers are erected in dangerous areas, advance routes are prepared, equipped water supply points.

Subsequently, command and medical posts are further equipped, communication lines are improved, shelters are set up for each unit, main and decoy facilities are equipped, additional barriers are set up, and exit and maneuver routes from the concentration area are prepared.

In parallel with the fortification work, the preparation of units for combat missions is being completed: personnel are given ammunition and additional protective equipment and medical care, weapons and ammunition are prepared for combat use, as well as ammunition belts and magazines are equipped with cartridges, inspection and maintenance of military and other equipment is carried out.

Additional preparation of vehicles for combat use is carried out by the crews with the assistance of the maintenance department. The main content of work on preparing weapons for combat use includes:reactivation of weapons and checking the operation of recoil devices of tank guns of combat vehicles (guns- launchers BMP);checking the functioning of weapon systems of combat vehicles in automatic firing mode;checking the alignment of the zero aiming lines against the control and alignment target (remote point);bringing the shots into a fully loaded form, equipping machine gun belts and placing ammunition in the vehicles (if the vehicles were stored without ammunition);checking the emergency protection system, the condition of the OPVT parts, the serviceability of the water pump, the refilling of PPO cylinders;checking for leaks from the fuel and lubrication supply systems and refueling the machine with fuel, oil and coolant;equipping the machine with the required equipment and eliminating detected faults;

In parallel with the preparation of weapons for combat vehicles, personnel check readiness small arms to shooting. At the same time, optical sights of small arms and grenade launchers, as a rule, are calibrated against control and alignment targets or at a remote point.

In order to quickly and efficiently prepare weapons for combat use, it is advisable to provide a number of organizational - technical events. The main activities of the preparatory period include such as the development of documents that optimize the implementation of work on preparing the weapons of units for combat application, and preparation personnel to carry them out, and during the work process - quality control of bringing weapons to combat use by unit and unit officials.

Unit commanders report on the implementation of activities upon command. The report indicates the staffing level of the unit, the presence of military equipment and its condition, the amount of allocated reserves of military-technical equipment, and the level of moral and psychological state of the personnel.

Subsequently, upon receipt of the signal to put FULL combat readiness in the units, direct preparation is carried out to carry out combat missions.

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Combat readiness (combat readiness)

State military formations(troops, forces), characterizing their ability to begin combat operations on time and successfully complete assigned combat missions (final readiness to carry out combat missions).

B.g. missile units, units and formations are characterized by the ability and ability to solve assigned combat missions; efficiency of solution and the possibility of increasing B.g. (translation from peacetime to wartime). The efficiency of solving assigned combat missions is achieved by: advance planning and data entry combat use into combat equipment missile systems and into an automated combat control system, development of combat plans; the quality of organization and performance of combat duty, comprehensive support for combat operations; the time it takes for combat crews on duty to carry out operations for the immediate preparation and conduct of missile launches; the duration of the missile preparation and launch cyclogram. A missile unit (formation) should be considered combat-ready if it is combat-ready, has combat missions, is deployed in combat formation and is ready to carry them out on time (is on combat duty at the established level of combat readiness). B.g. missile units and connections is the defining element of B.g. missile formations and the Strategic Missile Forces as a whole.

Required level of B.g. The Strategic Missile Forces are ensured by: high readiness to carry out combat missions of missile units, formations and formations; organization of continuous combat duty at control points of various levels by duty shifts capable of independently carrying out the received order to launch missiles; the presence of an automated system for combat control of troops and weapons, which allows missiles to be launched directly from the highest echelons of command and control; centralization of planning technical services launchers associated with a decrease in their readiness to launch missiles; comprehensive support for combat duty and combat operations; readiness to carry out combat missions to defeat the enemy’s strategic targets, depending on the degree of threat of the enemy unleashing a war, and other measures of a technical and organizational nature. Moreover, under the level of B.g. is understood as a measure of the ability of the Strategic Missile Forces to complete assigned tasks on time.

The Strategic Missile Forces provide for several degrees of BG. In peacetime, the "Permanent" military base ensures the timely transfer of troops (forces) from peacetime to martial law, deployment and entry into war. At the same time, command and control bodies and troops are maintained in readiness to carry out measures to bring into higher degrees combat readiness: “Increased”, “Military danger”, “Full”. With the growing threat of war, the degree of combat security increases through the implementation of a set of organizational, mobilization, technical and other measures within the time frame established by the plans to bring troops (forces) to the highest levels of combat readiness. The higher the degree of HD, the more quantity troops (forces) capable of immediately starting military operations and they will need less time to prepare for combat missions. When bringing to the highest levels of combat readiness, an increase (strengthening) of on-duty forces and assets at control and communications points is carried out step by step; controls are transferred to enhanced (combat) mode of operation; new units and units are formed (mobilized); units are dispersed to designated areas (locations) for carrying out combat missions; combat missions are specified, and other activities are carried out in accordance with plans. The build-up of military forces (forces) can be carried out either by sequential introduction from the lowest to the highest level of military forces, or directly into the highest level of military forces, bypassing the intermediate one. Transfer to the highest degrees of B.G., bypassing the intermediate ones, is carried out in the event of a sharp aggravation of the situation or the outbreak of war with the raising of troops on combat alert. At the same time, for formations and formations of a mobile group, depending on the situation developing in the area of ​​their deployment, it is possible to apply the principle of “regional dispersal” of regiments, that is, withdrawal and dispersal along routes combat patrol(field positions) only those of them at the points of permanent deployment of which there was a threat of enemy influence.

Lit.: Military encyclopedia. T.1. - M.: Military Publishing House, 2003. Pp. 493; Rocket Forces strategic purpose. Military historical work, ed. gene. Army Maksimov Yu.P. – M.: Strategic Missile Forces, 1994; Concept national security. Approved Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 24, 2000.

Lavrishchev A.A., Yudin V.N., Grezin M.Ya.