New: Games. Educational puzzle game "Tangram"
Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"
Tolstopyatova Iraida Anatolyevna, teacher of the MADOU “Sorceress”, Labytnangi, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.Purpose: This game introduces children to geometric shapes, teaches them to fold certain figures, recommended for middle and older children preschool age, as well as for teachers and parents.
Didactic puzzle game "Tangram"
Target: Teach children to play puzzle games on their own, to be able to lay out a variety of silhouettes from a set of geometric shapes.
Tasks: Develop children's spatial concepts, constructive thinking, logic, imagination, and intelligence.
Develop fine motor skills to prepare children for school.
Cultivate patience and perseverance.
Rules of the game: In the game you must comply following rules:
1.When composing images, the entire set of parts is used as a whole.
2.The parts of the geometric constructor are attached to each other.
Does everyone know what a tangram is? This is one of the famous puzzles. She was born in China more than 3,000 years ago. From the 7 elements into which the square is divided, you can create a set various items and animal figures.
Draw a square like this on cardboard and divide it into parts. To begin, ask your child to put these pieces back together into a square. It is better if the child completes the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if it doesn’t work out, then, of course, you can use the sample.
These figures are used to create a variety of silhouettes. It is easier for a child to do this using samples with drawn components. Outline patterns are more difficult to reproduce.
Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, create his own version. Such activities are useful in preparing children for school.
A ball of fluff -
Long ear.
Jumps deftly
Loves carrots (hare).
Cunning cheat -
Red head.
Lives in the forest
In the village, a fox steals chickens.
He sleeps in a den in winter
Under a huge pine tree.
And when spring will come,
Wakes up from sleep (bear).
Not a horseman, but with spurs.
It's winged, but doesn't fly well.
On lashes and fences
The rooster sings songs.
The girl can be laid out in another way.
Christmas tree is laid out different ways.
You can create pictures by first laying them out on the table and then gluing them onto paper.
To prevent the figures from getting confused, I glued envelopes for them, and geometric figures different color, to make it easier to put into envelopes.
Do you like to play?
- The significance and indispensability of games in our lives has long been proven by many psychologists, scientists and life itself. We have been playing since childhood, learning to communicate while playing and building relationships.
Gathering with the whole family or with friends, chatting about different things, treating everyone to something tasty, playing a few exciting games of a board game - all this is what gives our life a special flavor.
Today, the passion for board games is becoming total. After all, modern board games are not only “adventure” games, but also strategic, economic, detective, and logical games.
There are already up to 10 thousand in the world board games different topics. Of course, it’s impossible to keep up with all the innovations, and some games are too expensive. But you can make the game yourself
Tangram
The success of children mastering the game depends on the children’s sensory development. Children named geometric figures, their properties, their features, move the pieces freely. Children develop the ability to analyze images, identify geometric shapes, modify shapes by cutting and put them together from parts.
There are various puzzle games, for recreating planar images of objects, animals, birds, houses, ships from geometric figures, such as: “Tangram”, “Pythagoras”, “Sphinx”, “Magic Circle”, “Columbus Egg”, “Leaf”, “Vietnamese Game” , "Pentamino".
But now we will consider only one of them - “Tangram”.
The appearance of this Chinese puzzle is associated with a beautiful legend. Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the middle-aged Emperor of China gave birth to a long-awaited son and heir. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. One thing bothered the old emperor. The boy took great pleasure in playing with toys all day long. The emperor called to him three wise men, one of whom was famous as a mathematician, another famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, by playing with which his son would comprehend the principles of mathematics, learn to look at the world through the gaze of an artist, I would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that complex things are often made up of simple things. Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Tyu" - a square cut into seven parts.
They say that tangram was the favorite game of Napoleon, who, having lost his throne, spent long hours in exile playing this game, “exercising his patience and resourcefulness.”
The essence of the game is to create a wide variety of shapes and silhouettes of objects according to a model or design on a plane of seven parts of a square. Commercial kits usually come with task cards.
1 option: Simplest. If the child is small, ask him to make a figure by superimposing elements on a sample, divided into component parts.
Option 2: If you have figured out the first one, then you can compose the figures according to the example, that is, the picture is in front of you and you compose the elements by looking at the figures divided into parts.
Option 3: For older children, you can leave only the outlines in the figure.
Option 4: Actually creative tasks- come up with and put together the figure yourself.
Kids can also get involved in the puzzle. You can come up with very simple tasks for them. For example, fold two triangles or two rectangles into squares, or triangles into a large triangle or parallelogram. This method allows you to study basic geometric shapes.
You can make a tangram yourself. It's very simple. You will need a puzzle template. Print the Tangram or draw it yourself based on the sample. You can use multi-colored elements, if the child is small - at the same time remember the colors, and it’s more interesting to work - play with colorful
material.
When solving the puzzle, two rules must be followed: first, you must use all seven tangram shapes, and second, the shapes must not overlap each other. Using the mathematical science of combinatorics, more than 5,000 possible variants of folded figures were obtained.
Assembly examples:
"PYTHAGORAS"
Pythagoras puzzlevery similar to the good old Tangram.Puzzlehas the shape of a square cut into 7 parts, combining which you can create a huge number of geometric shapes, silhouettes of animals, people, various objects, etc. All the parts are of different sizes, this is the difficulty, so putting together a figure from them is quite difficult.
In the instructions for puzzle15 different tasks are offered.Pythagoras puzzlecan be used in mathematics classes, at home or at school, because it perfectly promotes the development of imagination, logic, attention, spatial thinking, mathematical and creativity. You can make it from cardboard or cut it out of plasticPythagoras puzzleand your family are guaranteed positive emotions and good disorder.
MAGIC SQUARE
The geometric puzzle Magic Square belongs to the second level of difficulty and is suitable for children aged 4 years and older. While working with the puzzle, the child will become familiar with simple geometric shapes: triangle, trapezoid, square.
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Puzzle “Mongolian game”
A type of geometric puzzle, similar to the “Tangram” or “Pythagorean Square”.
The puzzle is a square cut into 11 parts: 2 squares, one large rectangle, 4 small rectangles, 4 triangles. It is best to make such a puzzle from double-sided cardboard or plastic.
The essence of the game- assemble figures from these elements using the mosaic principle.
How to play:
Make geometric shapes according to the model. You can find it on the Internet ready-made tasks with answers, or you can come up with tasks for your child yourself.
In order to draw the figures you will need a checkered sheet. You can take a regular sheet of school paper. The elements that make up the “Mongolian Game” are very simple, and it will not be difficult for you to create compositions from them.
Here, for example, are several figures composed of puzzle elements.
If the child is small, then you can make figures according to the example, that is, figures divided into component parts. For older children, you can leave only the outlines in the figure.
Kids can also get involved in the puzzle. You can come up with very simple tasks for them. For example, fold two triangles or two rectangles into squares, or triangles into a large triangle or parallelogram. This method allows you to study basic geometric shapes.
Puzzle "Sphinx"
4 triangles and 3 quadrilaterals with different aspect ratios. From
elements you can collect silhouettes of birds, humans, animals, developing
observation and geometric imagination.
The instructions contain
diagrams for constructing more than two dozen figures:
Puzzle games develop spatial imagination, combinatorial abilities, intelligence, ingenuity, and resourcefulness. Easy to understand, but quite difficult to solve, the puzzles straddle the thin line between exciting game and intellectual development.
Puzzles from Alexey Shamshin
Archimedes' puzzle STOMACHION
The proposed puzzle Archimedes game is a unique geometric construction set that was played in ancient times. Its other name is "Stomachion".
Game elements are obtained by arbitrarily dividing a rectangle into 14 parts. From the resulting parts, various object silhouettes are constructed on a plane, for example, a sitting dog, a running person, various flowers, birds. You can also create multi-figure compositions. It is necessary to introduce the child to the game gradually.
Practice recognizing geometric shapes with your child. You can invite the child to count the sides, angles, group the shapes by shape, size, and name them. Then try to construct simple images. To make the Archimedes game easier, it is suggested that you first lay out the figures according to the attached diagrams.
Puzzle "LEAF"
Geometric mosaic puzzle Leaf is designed for children aged 4 years and above.a figurine resembling a lilac leaf. This lilac leaf is laid out from other shapes: triangles, squares, trapezoids.
Working with a puzzle develops a child's eye, shape perception, hand-eye coordination, spatial thinking and imagination.Promotes the development of arbitrariness (the ability to play by the rules and follow instructions), cognitive activity, fine motor skills, imagination, the formation of sensory standards of color, size and shape, combinatorial abilities,abstract thinking.
"Magic Circle"
The circle is cut into 10 parts. The rules of the game are the same as in others similar games: use all 10 parts to create a silhouette, without overlapping one or the other. The cut circle should be colored equally on both sides.
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VIETNAMESE GAME
The “Vietnamese Game” includes a circle divided into seven parts and a frame into which the elements are placed. All puzzle pieces are streamlined, some of them are the same size. Invite your child to construct the silhouette of an animal or bird from intricate details. At first, you can use not all elements, then gradually complicate the tasks.
You can design according to diagrams, or you can invent your own plot compositions.
By constructing simple figurative figures, children learn the perception of shape, the ability to isolate a figure from the background, and identify the main features of an object. The puzzle develops the eye, analytical and synthetic functions, imagination (reproductive and creative), hand-eye coordination, and the ability to work according to rules. The game is intended for children from 4 years old
COLUMBUS EGG
There is a story - perhaps fictitious. The discoverer of America, Columbus, was invited to the almighty Cardinal Mendoza. At the table, at the request of the guests, he began to tell how exactly it was opened to them New World(which, however, he considered India). Someone present, a limited but self-confident person, shrugged his shoulders and said: “Is it so simple?”
Columbus looked at him and handed him what was on the platter. egg: “Make it stand on its toe.” Of course, attempts to install the egg were unsuccessful. “This is unthinkable...” said Columbus’s discouraged interlocutor. “It's very simple!” - the navigator answered with a grin and, breaking the sock of an egg on the table, easily made him stand.
The expression “Columbus egg” has become the embodiment of a witty and unexpected way out of a difficulty, synonymous with a simple resolution of difficult issues.
Let's get acquainted with the fascinating puzzle Columbus's Egg, which will perfectly brighten up time on the road, waiting at the clinic and, of course, develop the child's logic and thinking. The principle of the game is simple. Cut the egg figurine along the lines into small parts. The child’s task is to assemble the figurine according to the model. But sometimes you can fantasize and come up with your own options, and see a familiar image in the figure.
Here are the figures with tasks
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Pentamino
Famous logic game-puzzle. It was this game that inspired Alexey Pajitnov to create the popular computer game Tetris.
Pentamino is a very popular logic game and puzzle at the same time. The elements in the game are flat figures, each of which consists of five identical squares. There are a total of 12 pentomino elements, denoted by Latin letters, the shape of which they resemble
You can make pentominoes from cubes, but then you will need to glue and cover 60 cubes with colored film - a bit difficult. We suggest making elements from thick cardboard.
- We draw each element on hard cardboard, cut it out, check that the element fits into the “U” element. Trim excess if necessary. We drew details from 2.5x2.5 cm squares.
- We trace the finished cardboard element on colored paper folded in half and cut out two colored parts at once. It’s better to make colored parts smaller than cardboard ones, and they stick better, and the corners will be more even.
- We glue colored paper with a glue stick on both sides of the cardboard.
- We find a box for storing parts, where we will also put diagrams and tasks for the game later.
Geometric puzzle games are very useful for developing children's spatial concepts, constructive thinking, logic, imagination and intelligence. One of these games is ancient Chinese game Tangram.
Photo © Algodoo
What mystery lies in this game?
Origin of the game
The game was born in China more than 3000 years ago. Although the word "Tangram" was coined just over a century ago in North America, the Chinese game was known as the “seven piece board of wisdom.”
According to one legend, the Great Dragon, who lived among people, entered into battle with the Thunder God. And the God of Thunder cut the sky with an ax into 7 pieces, which fell to the ground. The pieces were so black that they absorbed all the light on earth, thereby destroying the shapes of all objects. The dragon, saddened by such a tragedy, took these seven pieces and began to build various shapes and creatures ranging from humans, animals and plants.
Another legend tells of a monk who instructed his disciples to travel, painting the varied beauty of the world on ceramic tiles. But one day the tile fell and broke into 7 pieces. The students tried for seven days to assemble the tiles into a square, but were unsuccessful. And then they decided: the beauty and diversity of the world can be composed of these seven parts.
What is the game?
The puzzle consists of seven geometric figures by dissecting a square:
2 large right triangles
1 medium right triangle
2 small right triangles
1 square
1 parallelogram
Each of these parts is called Tang (Chinese for "part").
These figures are used to create a variety of situations. The game has 1600 possible solutions, which include a wide variety of animals and humans, objects and geometric shapes.
As with other puzzles, tangrams can be solved alone, or you can compete with other players.
How to play Tangram?
Draw a square on cardboard and divide it into parts. It is better to use double-sided colored cardboard. If you don’t have one, take regular colored cardboard, glue it with the wrong side and cut out the shapes. This will make the details more dense. Make several of these sets in different colors.
To begin, ask your child to put these pieces back together into a square. It is better if the child completes the task without looking at the drawing of the square. But if that doesn’t work, you can use the sample.
When laying out figures, it is easier for a child to use samples with drawn components. Outline patterns are more difficult to reproduce.
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On a note
A tangram can be cut from a sheet of soft magnet (magnetic tape). An excellent option would be to take sheets of different colors. Then you can assemble the tangram directly on the refrigerator.
The following rules must be observed when playing
- when composing images, all seven figures are used;
- the figures must be in the same plane, i.e. should not overlap each other or be placed on top of other parts;
- all parts must be adjacent, i.e. have a point of contact with other parts.
Real drawings of those objects, the silhouette image of which is created using a puzzle game, are very useful. In this case, it will be easier for the child to imagine the depicted object and, perhaps, create his own version. Such activities are very useful in preparing children for school.
Video taken from youtube.com
User WwwIgrovedRu
Source of diagrams: walls360.com
Olesya Tabakaeva
(an exciting game with minimal costs)
The development of fine motor skills in preschoolers is the main task, as it forms correct and coherent speech. But along with fine motor skills The child needs to develop logic, spatial and constructive thinking and intelligence.
I would like to bring to your attention an exciting puzzle game Tangram- an ancient oriental puzzle made of geometric shapes. According to one of the legends tangram appeared almost two and a half thousand years ago in Ancient China.
The player's task in an educational game « Tangram» put together figures from puzzle pieces so that, firstly, all parts of the puzzle are used, and, secondly, the parts do not overlap each other. The figures can be turned over as desired, placed with either side up. That, in fact, are all the rules.
With the game tangram You can introduce it to children as young as 3-4 years old. First, you can introduce your child to different geometric shapes. Next, the child can apply the shapes tangram on finished sample , this will be a very difficult task for him. This is a game that develops children's combinatorial abilities, imagination, attention and the ability to act according to instructions.
For older children, the tasks can be made more complicated, for example, you no longer put figures on the sample, but place it next to it; the sample may not coincide with actual size, or you can invite the child to make a figurine of his own invention
How to do DIY tangram
So for work we need materials:
Sheet of cardboard
Simple pencil (or any writing instrument)
I cut out a 20*20 square from a sheet of cardboard. We draw a diagonal in the square - we get 2 large triangles. We cut one of them into 2 small triangles. Mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. Cut off the middle triangle and other shapes using these marks. (square and parallelogram).
so I started
draw a square in my case 20.5*20.5
draw a diagonal in a square
divide one of the triangles into two equal ones
find the midpoint of the sides of a large triangle and draw a line
find the middle of the side of the large triangle and draw a line to the corner of the small [
IMG]/upload/blogs/detsad-249595-1453043845.jpg
find the midpoint of the side of the small triangle and connect it to the diagonal of the large triangles
we find the middle of the next large triangle and draw a line to the corner of the square, the remaining part will be a parallelogram. tangram is ready
tangram is ready to cut
so that with tangram it was more interesting for the child to do it, you can color it, in my case the children painted it with ordinary wax crayons
we collected such a cute kitty from our tangram
as a result of folding figures tangram we get silhouettes resembling figures of animals, birds, trees, people, household items, etc. etc.
here are some diagrams
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Tangram - an ancient oriental puzzle made from figures obtained by cutting a square into 7 parts in a special way: 2 large triangles, one medium one, 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. As a result of folding these parts together, flat figures are obtained, the contours of which resemble all kinds of objects, from humans, animals to tools and household items. These types of puzzles are often called "geometric puzzles", "cardboard puzzles" or "cut puzzles".
With a tangram, a child will learn to analyze images, identify geometric shapes in them, learn to visually break an entire object into parts, and vice versa - to compose a given model from elements, and most importantly - to think logically.
How to make a tangram
A tangram can be made from cardboard or paper by printing a template and cutting along the lines. You can download and print the tangram square diagram by clicking on the picture and selecting “print” or “save image as...”.
It is possible without a template. We draw a diagonal in the square - we get 2 triangles. We cut one of them in half into 2 small triangles. Mark the middle on each side of the second large triangle. We cut off the middle triangle and other shapes using these marks. There are other options for how to draw a tangram, but when you cut it into pieces, they will be absolutely the same.
A more practical and durable tangram can be cut from a rigid office folder or a plastic DVD box. You can complicate your task a little by cutting out a tangram from pieces of different felt, stitching them along the edges, or even from plywood or wood.
How to play tangram
Each piece of the game must be made up of seven tangram parts, and they must not overlap.
The easiest option for preschool children 4-5 years old is to assemble figures according to the diagrams (answers) laid out into elements, like a mosaic. A little practice, and the child will learn to make figures according to the pattern-contour and even come up with his own figures according to the same principle.
Schemes and figures of the tangram game
IN Lately Tangrams are often used by designers. The most successful use of tangram is perhaps as furniture. There are tangram tables, transformable upholstered furniture, and cabinet furniture. All furniture built on the tangram principle is quite comfortable and functional. It can change depending on the mood and desire of the owner. How many different options and combinations can be made from triangular, square and quadrangular shelves. When purchasing such furniture, along with instructions, the buyer is given several sheets with pictures on different topics, which can be folded from these shelves.In the living room you can hang shelves in the shape of people, in the nursery you can put cats, hares and birds from the same shelves, and in the dining room or library - the drawing can be on a construction theme - houses, castles, temples.
Here is such a multifunctional tangram.
