How does GOST differ from that for various products? I have a right.

When we buy a particular product made in Russia, we pay attention to the inscription “manufactured in accordance with GOST” or “complies with technical specifications”. For those who don’t know what the difference is, let’s try to figure it out.

GOST is state standard. Many institutes, enterprises, and experts are involved in creating GOST. Numerous experiments, tests, tests are carried out. After the standard has been developed and confirmed, it is approved by the State Standard of Russia - an organization with the rights of a ministry that not only checks and approves GOST, but also zealously ensures that manufacturers comply with it.

TU abbreviation for “technical conditions”, which are formed by the manufacturer himself, that is, unlike GOST, other components (components) can be added to the product, which do not significantly affect the properties of the product, but can give it other qualities.

All products sold in stores must comply with either GOST or TU.

Let's look at examples:

For example, let's take stew. It has GOST 5284-84, according to which canned beef stew must be prepared according to the following recipe:

That's it, there shouldn't be anything else in it. Therefore, if you take from the shelves beef stew, on the can of which it is indicated that it was produced (complies) with GOST 5284-84 - then you can be sure that it does not contain soy and there is at least 87% meat in it.

The same applies to other products - sausage, condensed milk, sour cream, butter, etc. If GOST is written on the package, you can take it and be sure that the jar contains exactly what is written on the package and you can eat it.

Sausage: if the packaging indicates that this product complies with specifications, this is a sign that soy, which is unloved by many, is definitely present in the product. However, like other, not always useful impurities. However, if the inscription on the packaging states that this product is produced in accordance with GOST, then we can say for sure that this product does not contain soy.

Thus, GOST strictly formulates the state requirements for the quality and composition of the product, which give certain qualities to the consumer, which are the necessary minimum to determine that the product is of high quality and the consumer will be satisfied.

Specifications are conditions for the quality and composition of goods that the manufacturer independently compiled for its products. As a rule, specifications are close to GOST for similar products, but always allow for deterioration in quality compared to GOST.

To put it simply and in clear language, when buying sausage placed as corresponding to the technical specifications, you will not get poisoned, however taste qualities such sausage will obviously be worse than that marked with GOST.

But not all cans of the same stew indicate GOST. On many copies there is a technical specification (TU).

Many small and large manufacturers are developing their own standards for their products. And they produce it precisely according to these technical conditions created by themselves. Tomorrow you can organize the production of any of your products, develop and register specifications for them and calmly produce goods according to this specifications.

As you might guess, these technical conditions can include almost anything - soy, dyes, and preservatives. Therefore, products according to specifications do not always differ in quality and safety.

For some products, GOST standards become outdated, and new specifications are developed for them that meet new trends in the production of a particular product. And the product according to the specifications may be better and better quality product according to GOST, but this is not always the case. Let's return to our favorite stew - why develop a new specification for it if there is an excellent GOST? It’s right to put soy in a jar instead of meat, fill it all with preservatives and dyes. Formally, there is no fault with the manufacturer - he produced the canned food according to his specifications. But the product, to put it mildly, turned out to be not quite a stew...

Therefore, if you have a choice of what to take - a product in accordance with GOST or TU, take it in accordance with GOST, you won’t go wrong. Yes, there may be cases where the manufacturer does not comply with the recipe according to GOST, but this is already a violation and you can complain about it.

Play on words

Pay attention to the butter counter in the store. The choice is huge: “Peasant”, “Slivochnoye”. Now take a closer look - on which of the packs is the word OIL written?

Everything is very simple, there is a play on words here - seeing the name “Peasant” on the packaging, which is shaped like a stick of butter, you think that this is butter and buy it. But no, turn the pack over and you will see that this is a vegetable-fat spread produced according to specifications. This is usually written in small letters on the back. There is no smell of oil here, as they say. It’s just that the name is “Peasant”. No matter how it sounds (vegetable-fat spread “Smolenskoe”, for example), it will not become oil.

The same tricks apply to mayonnaise. “Salad” says the package, which is shaped like mayonnaise. Sorry, what is this? The word "mayonnaise" is not on the packaging. Well, this is not mayonnaise at all - with reverse side all the same TU. And the composition is completely chemical... GOST does not allow chemicals, that’s why they don’t write the words “mayonnaise” - because then you need to meet the requirements of GOST.

There are many more examples that can be given:
“Homemade stew” - turn the jar over - canned food according to specifications, and not necessarily with meat.
“Condensed milk milk” - turn the can over - produced according to specifications from powdered milk with an admixture of dyes and preservatives.

There are no such goods as canned meat and condensed milk. These are all popular names of products. There is beef stew and condensed milk. So they mislead buyers by calling products with such commonly used names, just so as not to produce them according to GOST. This is understandable - according to GOST, quality and recipes must be observed. It's expensive. It is much easier to use “chemistry” and call it not condensed milk according to GOST, but “condensed milk” according to TU.

A manufacturer producing goods in accordance with GOST does not need to disguise itself as commonly used product names. If it is stew, then it says “Beef stew”, if it is butter, then “Butter”, if it is condensed milk, then “Condensed milk”.

Therefore, choose products more carefully in the store. For example, if in front of you is “Peasant”, this does not mean that this is butter - find the packaging that says “Butter” and indicates the GOST according to which this oil is produced. Then you can be sure that this is butter, it is made from milk and there are no dangerous ingredients in it. And this applies to any products - almost all of them have GOST standards.

GOST and TU. What is the difference? Commodity expert explains

In the USSR there were two versions of standards:

• GOST– for almost all food products,
• THAT– only for new types of food products, or for experimental batches.

The specifications had a limited validity period, no more than 5 years. Then GOSTs were developed for the new product.

GOSTs were mandatory, that is, everyone had to comply with them. Violation of the requirements of the standard entailed the withdrawal of goods from stores and a ban on the production of non-standard products.

Now products can be produced according to GOST, GOST R and specifications (from specific manufacturers). All of them are voluntary.

• GOST– state standard, applied not only in the Russian Federation, but also in the CIS countries
• GOST R – state standard of Russia

IN European countries and the USA, voluntary application of standards is the norm. All enterprises try to strictly follow the requirements of the standards, otherwise their goods simply will not be bought.

In Russia it’s a completely different matter: the mentality is much different...

And manufacturers, even conscientious ones, began to produce food products according to specifications, without complying with the requirements of GOST and GOST R. What is not prohibited by law is permitted...

GOSTs strictly regulate the raw materials that should be used to produce a particular product, the additives used, and the approved recipe.

Producing food products according to GOST standards is not always beneficial for manufacturers. The cost can be high. And accordingly their competitiveness decreases.

Food companies have gone more the easy way, began to change the recipe, using substitutes for both main and additional raw materials. And these goods began to be produced according to specifications.

Let's understand this situation using specific examples.

Meat products

For example, to produce Doctor’s sausage, only premium meat raw materials are used (it completely lacks connective tissue).

Many of you remember that taste of a real Doctorate. From 1 kg of meat you can make only 700 g of sausage. The cost is high, the profitability is low.

It is much easier to replace some of the raw meat with soy protein. It is many times cheaper. And its moisture-holding capacity is higher, that is, you can add more water and, accordingly, produce more sausage.

Previously, such sausage was called using the brand name: Doctorskaya Extra, Doctorskaya New, Doctorskaya in Country Style, and the like.

But then manufacturers were prohibited from using the brand name and confusingly similar words. But they got out of the situation - they called Doctor.

Now we can produce meat, meat-containing products and analogues of meat products.

According to standards:

• Meat products must contain at least 60% meat (previously 100%).
• There are meat-containing types: meat-vegetable (30-60%) and vegetable-meat (5-30%).
• Meat analogues contain no more than 5%.

Mostly only meat products are produced in accordance with GOST and GOST R, the rest according to TU.

So when choosing meat products, pay attention to what technical documentation was used to produce it, what is included in its composition, and in what quantity!

Dairy industry

The picture is similar in the dairy industry. They produce dairy, milk compound and milk-containing products.

Non-dairy raw materials are added to dairy compound products, but not for the purpose of replacing them, but to expand the range.

For example, yogurt with pieces of fruit or jam, curd mass with raisins.

Various non-dairy components are added to milk-containing products to replace raw milk. They must contain at least 20% milk and at least 50% milk fat.

Soy protein, milk fat substitutes can be used here - Palm oil, modified fats.

You understand that it is much more profitable to produce milk-containing products.

Don't be confused by the usual packaging. Sometimes unscrupulous manufacturers use famous brands to label their counterfeit products.

As an example, the well-known blue packaging for whole condensed milk with sugar can be used for packaging canned milk containing milk, and even called “Condensed milk”. You and I are accustomed to simply calling it that way. This is the habit they use.

Oil and fat products

Now about oil and fat products. Margarine has been produced since the last century. We are already used to it. It was specially developed to replace butter.

The trouble is that it is produced from modified vegetable oils - hydrogenated and interesterified.

Frying with margarine is good, but... the use of modified oils leads to adverse consequences.

Recently a new product appeared on our market with the “purely Russian” name SPREAD. Translated from English - a product for spreading. The spread can be creamy-vegetable, vegetable-creamy and vegetable-fat.

And these products belong to different groups of food products.

• Creamy vegetable to dairy, it contains 50-95% milk fat.
• Vegetable-cream (milk fat 15-49%) and vegetable-fat (maybe without milk fat) spread are already classified as fat and oil products.

In my opinion, this is consumer deception with the permission of the state. These spreads can be classified as cream or regular margarines, and their price is several times higher.

Here you will have to choose based on your capabilities.

I believe it is better to choose natural cow or vegetable oil. There will be more benefits and no harm.

Tea quality

A few words about tea. Although we have GOST for tea, many tea-packing factories produce their products according to specifications.

Of course, in our Krasnodar region There are tea plantations, but their raw materials are not enough.

Factory-made tea is purchased in tropical countries, and in our factories they blend (mix) different types of tea, pack them and send them to the market.

It is profitable for manufacturers to purchase cheap varieties of tea, or old tea, then mix it with more valuable varieties to give a more or less “decent” taste.

Finding quality tea in our market is quite problematic. The quality of the tea leaves much to be desired.

Some signs of low-quality tea:

• After brewing black tea, open the teapot and smell the tea leaves. If there is a smell of hay or grass, then the tea is old.
• Look at the tea in the white cup. If the edges of the cup's rim are the color of tea with a greenish tint, then the tea is also old.

How to protect yourself from low-quality products

So I gave some examples the right choice food products. Of course, I would like to say that GOST products are much better and safer than TU products.

But there are pitfalls here too.

Some unscrupulous manufacturers take advantage of increased consumer demands for product quality.

They may indicate GOST on their counterfeit product, but not the one that regulates the quality of the product itself, but according to which, for example, packaging is produced.

If a specific name of the product is written, for example, boiled sausage, and the phrase “technical conditions”, “general technical conditions”, then this product is produced according to the standard. published .

Olga Marchenko

If you have any questions, please ask

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet

How does TU differ from GOST?

In the early 90s, manufacturers found themselves in a bit of slack. The state gave them the opportunity to develop and approve product recipes themselves. The purpose of this innovation was good - to improve the quality of products and diversify the range. The second goal was achieved, but the same cannot be said about the first. The quality of manufactured products still leaves much to be desired.

Look at the shelves of modern supermarkets. Next to regular sour cream you can find “Smetana Smetanovna”, “Smetanishka”, etc. It seems that manufacturers go to great lengths, whatever names they come up with, in order to attract as many buyers as possible to their product. The fact is that these products do not have the right to be called sour cream, since they do not comply with GOST. GOST determines what products should be included in sour cream, how much natural meat should be added to sausage, and what ingredients are acceptable in mayonnaise. IN Soviet times GOST requirements could not be circumvented; this was regarded as a violation of the law. But it’s quite possible now. For this purpose, the company approves the so-called technical specifications (technical conditions). For example, a certain meat processing plant proposes adding soy to sausage products, the state determines that this additive cannot harm health, gives the go-ahead, and the product goes on sale. That is, in products manufactured according to specifications, natural ingredients can be replaced with their artificial substitutes - soy, dyes, preservatives. Therefore, products manufactured according to specifications cannot boast of quality.

To prepare kvass, you need to infuse the wort and wait until the yeast ferments - the process is quite long. On the other hand, you can add a sweetener, carbon dioxide, and chemical additives with the taste of kvass to the water and you will get a “Kvass drink”, which has a low cost.

On the shelves of modern supermarkets, products produced in accordance with GOST and TU, as a rule, lie side by side and even sellers often do not know the difference between them (or do not want to know), especially since store employees are not obliged to tell customers where the natural product is located , and where is its artificial substitute. And only an experienced buyer can distinguish one product from another by carefully studying the packaging.

Any buyer knows such names of boiled sausages as “Molochnaya”, “Doctorskaya”. However, the sausage department sells a huge number of “doctor’s” and “milk” sausages, the name of which is added to the name of the manufacturer or the area where the sausage was produced. It should be remembered that only boiled sausage produced in accordance with GOST has the right to be called “Milk” or “Doctorskaya”. If the name of the sausage contains the additions “Milk from...”, “Doctor’s by...”, or manufacturers add the words “delicacy”, “extra”, etc. to them, then this product is manufactured in accordance with the specifications, and accordingly, the quality of this product is not as high as that of a product manufactured according to GOST.

It can be difficult for the average consumer to understand the abbreviations and markings on packaging. Olga Kostyleva, an expert from Rosstandart, Deputy Head of the Department of Technical Regulation and Standardization, answered the portal site about what signs to look for on packaging and what quality standards are in force in Russia today.

Which is better: GOST or TU?

In Russia for a long time product standards were mandatory. Most of the population are accustomed to the taste of those products that were manufactured in accordance with GOST. Therefore, such products enjoy great confidence among buyers.

If the manufacturer fulfills all the requirements of GOST, then the product is consistently obtained High Quality. However, it is incorrect to assume that products manufactured in accordance with GOST are higher in quality than those manufactured in accordance with technical specifications. Specifications are developed if there is no GOST for the product. Some manufacturers, trying to improve the quality of their products new level, develop their own specifications, the requirements of which are higher than GOST. But, unfortunately, in most cases, the manufacturer switches to working according to specifications due to the fact that he is unable to meet the requirements of GOST.

How to “read” a label correctly?

The text of a specific standard, which is indicated on the label, can be found on the website of Rosstandart and the EEC. If this GOST is subject to national technical regulations (TR), for example, TR for milk, fat and oil products, juices, then all these GOSTs can be found freely available on the Rosstandart website.
Standards for technical regulations Customs Union(TR CU) are also publicly available on the EEC website. GOST texts published on unofficial sites should not be trusted; they may contain errors.
To ensure that the product complies with national technical regulations, pay attention to the packaging. The label must contain a sign of compliance with technical regulations.

Or EAC icon - for technical regulations Customs Union.

This year several new technical regulations of the Customs Union will be adopted at once. What will happen to Russian TR in this regard?

A transition period has been established for the TR on food safety. If the manufacturer has confirmed the compliance of its products before July 1 of this year, then it can work according to national legislation until February 15, 2015. If he applied for registration of the declaration later, after July 1, then he must now confirm compliance with the requirements of the new technical regulations of the Customs Union.

Until February 15, 2015, both national legislation and the legislation of the Customs Union will apply. And after this date, a unified CU legislation will be created. After this, national regulations will not apply.

How will technical regulations help consumers?

Technical regulations are primarily responsible for safety. There is no clear answer regarding quality. For example, technically the milk regulations contain a fairly wide list of indicators that allow the identification of dairy products. In particular, this TR contains requirements for quality indicators of fermented milk products.

With grain, on the contrary, no quality indicators have been established that can determine the variety or belonging of the grain to a particular class.
Compliance with technical regulations for food products in Russia is controlled by two organizations: Rospotrebnadzor (food products and food raw materials) and Rosselkhoznadzor (products of animal origin).

The adoption of new technical regulations, according to the expert, will not become an obstacle to counterfeit products. The main requirements that are established in the TR are requirements for product safety. A counterfeit may well be safe, but not live up to its name. To combat counterfeit products, other measures are needed. It is necessary to strengthen government control over compliance with the information that the manufacturer puts on the label.

If commercial network buys products that are packaged in trading floor, then all information must be applied to the packaging in which the consumer will buy these packaged products.

How to choose the right quality product?

When choosing products, you should not focus only on low price or brand awareness. Please note the information contained on the product packaging:

• A product produced according to specifications may be in no way inferior in quality to GOST.
• Look for signs of compliance with regulations on the packaging.
• Remember that regulations and standards only guarantee that a product is safe. The manufacturer is responsible for the quality of the product.

The quality of your diet and, ultimately, your health depend on choosing a safe product. Therefore, be careful about the products you buy during your next trip to the store.

State standard

GOST - state standard - is being developed for products of inter-industry significance.

Unlike technical specifications, GOST requirements are developed not by the manufacturer, but by government industry structures, approved at top level Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification.

Every GOST passes serious tests and testing in certified laboratories, assessed research assistants industry, undergoes interdepartmental approvals and only after that is allowed for publication.

Many institutes, enterprises, and experts are involved in the creation and approval of GOST. Approves GOSTs Federal agency for technical regulation and metrology (abbreviated name in 2004-2010 - Rostekhregulirovanie; since June 2010 - Rosstandart) - federal body executive power, performing the functions of providing public services, state property management in the field of technical regulation and metrology. Administered by the Ministry of Industry and Trade Russian Federation. In other countries (CIS) - similarly.

Examples:

GOST 17375-2001 “Seamless welded pipeline parts made of carbon and low-alloy steel. Steeply curved bends, type 3D (R ≈ 1.5 DN). Design"
GOST 30753-2001 “Seamless welded pipeline parts made of carbon and low-alloy steel. Steeply curved bends, type 2D (R = DN). Design"
GOST 24950-81 “Bent bends and curved inserts at turns of the linear part of steel main pipelines. Technical conditions".
GOST 17378-2001 “Seamless welded pipeline parts made of carbon and low-alloy steel. Transitions. Design"
GOST 22826-83 “Assembly units and parts of pipelines. Transitions to Ru St. 10 to 100 MPa (over 100 to 1000 kgf/cm²). Design and dimensions"
GOST 17376-2001 “Seamless welded pipeline parts made of carbon and low-alloy steel. Tees. Design"
GOST 22822-83 “Assembly units and parts of pipelines. Transition tees to Ru St. 10 to 100 MPa (over 100 to 1000 kgf/cm²). Design and dimensions"
GOST 17379-2001 “Seamless welded pipeline parts made of carbon and low-alloy steel. Elliptical plugs. Design".
GOST 6533-78 “Elliptical flanged steel bottoms for vessels, apparatus and boilers. Basic dimensions."

Specifications

TU - technical specifications - developed by the manufacturing enterprise and is approved by the line ministry with minimal formalities. Therefore, specifications can be softer compared to GOST, or they can be more stringent when the standard is outdated and does not meet the requirements of a particular production, for example, in terms of manufacturing accuracy, the amount of impurities, etc. Enterprises, in order to avoid unnecessary costs, often develop their own specifications to certify their products.

GOST establishes technical requirements to products, safety requirements, methods of analysis, scope and methods of application. GOST requirements are mandatory for compliance by all government bodies and entities economic activity. If GOST is at the very top of the pyramid of standards, then TU is at the very bottom: technical conditions are for the most part developed by manufacturers independently, based on their own ideas about how this or that product should be made and what properties it should have.

Examples:

TU 1469-001-34929762-2004 “Pipeline connecting parts. Technical conditions".
TU 1469-013-13799654-2008 “Connecting parts for field and process gas and oil pipelines for operating pressure up to 31.4 MPa (320 kgf/cm²). Technical conditions".
TU 3647-001-37941826-2012 “Welded steel connecting parts of steel grades 20 and 09G2S for operation on pipelines with a nominal pressure of up to 100 MPa. Technical conditions".
TU 3647-095-00148139-2000 “Connection parts for pipelines. Technical conditions".
TU 1469-006-00153229-2009 “Connection parts for main pipelines for operating pressure up to 11.8 MPa and field pipelines for operating pressure up to 16 MPa.”

Industry standard

OST - industry standard - is developed for products of industry importance.

Industry standard (OST) - established for those types of products, norms, rules, requirements, concepts and designations, the regulation of which is necessary to ensure the quality of products in a given industry.

The objects of industry standardization, in particular, can be certain types of products of limited use, technological equipment and tools intended for use in a given area, raw materials, materials, semi-finished products for intra-industry use, certain types of consumer goods. Also, the objects can be technical standards and standard technological processes industry-specific norms, requirements and methods in the field of design organization; production and operation of industrial products and consumer goods.

Industry standards are approved by the ministry (department), which is the head (leading) in the production of this type of product. The degree of mandatory compliance with the requirements of an industry standard is determined by the enterprise that applies it, or by agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. Monitoring the implementation of mandatory requirements is organized by the agency that adopted this standard.

Industry standard designation in accordance with GOST R 1.5-92 " State system standardization of the Russian Federation. General requirements to the construction, presentation, design and content of standards” contains the OST index; symbol the ministry (department) that issued the standard; registration number assigned in the manner established by the ministry (department) in agreement with the State Standard of Russia; and also through an en dash after the registration number, two (for OST adopted before 2000) or four (for OST adopted after 2000) the last digits of the year of adoption of the standard. OST 34-10-764-97 “Parts and assembly units pipelines of thermal power plants at Prab up to 2.2 MPa, t 425 °C. Transitional tees."
OST 36-24-77 “Parts of pipelines DN 500-1400 mm, welded from carbon steel to Ru up to 2.45 MPa. Welded tees."
GTU - general technical conditions - establish requirements for a group of homogeneous products.
SNiP - building codes and regulations