Recycled raw materials - saving natural resources. Purposes of recycling

In this material:

Recycling is a business that has recently become in demand. It pays for itself quickly and brings good profits, which is why many beginning entrepreneurs choose it. By organizing a business in this direction, you can earn and improve environmental situation in your city or region.

Raw materials for recycling can be collected for free in garbage chutes or purchased for next to nothing. In this case, business development costs are significantly reduced. Despite the fact that this type of activity is not taken seriously by many entrepreneurs, it is considered quite profitable and profitable. In conditions modern economy the development of this type of business will be very successful.

Before starting recycling activities, it is necessary to carefully study the entire waste component of the area, determine which raw materials can be processed and in which case the benefits will be best. Having assessed the prospects, they draw up a business plan and only then begin activities. You should not immediately take on the processing of raw materials; collecting waste and then delivering it to recycling sites will also be profitable. To begin with, you can open collection points for bottles, waste paper, and metal. If the business is successful, you can open your own processing plant.

Recyclable materials for business

Absolutely any thing can be made from recycled materials: plastic containers, paper packaging, fabrics and many other items. To make a profit in the recycling industry, you need to decide what type of waste will be processed. This choice depends on the location, the amount of demand for recycled items, and the possibility of transportation to other areas.

The following main types of waste are distinguished:

• plastic;
• glass;
• metal;
• polyethylene;
• waste paper;
• organic raw materials.

Absolutely any waste can be recycled, including organic waste, which can be beneficially used to create fertilizer. You can use plastic, plastic and polyethylene items:

• plastic bottles and banks;
• polyethylene packaging;
• film.

When processed, they again turn into plastic and polyethylene. All recycling activities will be based on several points:

• collection plastic waste and their sorting;
• creation of flex - polymer flakes, which are the raw material for finished products;
• production of the finished product.

The sorting stage is necessary to separate all waste into white and colored, and remove parts not made of plastic.

To create a flex you need:

• crushing in a special device;
• purification of the mass in a steam boiler;
• polishing in a special unit;
• rinsing and washing;
• drying in a special chamber.

The resulting raw materials are sent further for production various products: bottles, brushes, films and even paving slabs. Purchasing a specialized recycling line for plastic waste is expensive, and the business itself requires special preparation and fairly detailed planning, which includes all costs and ways to recoup the business.

There will be less costs if you purchase a mini-plant.

To transport a small structure, a 6-meter container is sufficient, which can be transported by truck.

Waste paper and glass as recyclable materials

Despite the long existence of recycling activities paper waste, it has not lost its significance even today. Only the production volume has become slightly smaller. Not everyone wants to do this, because the main problem is the difficulty in collecting raw materials, a lot of which is thrown away, but little is processed. Paper waste according to state standards is divided into grades, on which its cost and the price of the finished product after processing depend.

Business on recyclable materials is profitable and troublesome at the same time. Glass waste can also be used for recycling. It is possible to accept not only whole bottles, but also broken glass. The raw materials will be used in construction, food and other industries, so this kind of business is not just profitable, but promising.

Glass goes through several stages during processing:

• primary sorting by color and grade;
• purification from foreign impurities;
• splitting up;
• repeated cleansing;
• remelting

To open a business you need:

• different-sized sieves;
• crushing device;
• conveyor design;
• melting furnace;
• air vehicles.

Automation of the line allows you to get by with a small number of employees; the cost of purchasing equipment will quickly be justified.

Metal processing business

The metal products processing industry is still well developed. Any metal is accepted for smelting: copper, iron, aluminum, etc. Organizing a business for accepting scrap metal requires a minimum number of actions:

• creation of a reception point;
• acquisition of necessary structures: gas cutting device and press;
• sales of scrap metal to foundries.

Those who do not want to recycle waste, but want to open a business in this area, have no choice but to open a recycling collection point. After collection, the products are sent for processing.

Every day, people send a lot of waste to the dump, most of which could be recycled. These large monetary losses combined with pollution environment can be eliminated if you open a recycling business. Little competition in the market recycling raw materials will allow you to get a decent profit. The main thing is to decide where to start and how to lead production to generate income. A carefully developed business plan will help you achieve these goals.

Order a business plan

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Waste processing should be distinguished from disposal. Waste disposal means the following:

Use of waste at various stages of the product life cycle (primary use) and waste management of these products, from their collection to disposal and/or destruction; or

Providing primary and/or reuse or recycling waste, packaging and end-of-life or rejected products and materials.

Thus, the concepts of “recycling” and “recycling” intersect. Thus, waste processing may include their recycling in terms of recycling, and recycling may include waste processing in cases where it is technically possible, technologically necessary or required by law. On the other hand, recycling does not consider recycling where the waste can be used directly in products without recycling. According to some experts, in addition to secondary resources and production and consumption waste, resources that are not directly used are also subject to recycling.

When designing modern products, they consider it recyclability- a set of indicators that ensure effective disposal of waste generated during its production and operation and after withdrawal from circulation.

Also, waste processing should not be equated with recycling. This term in Russian technical language has a special meaning: it is used to denote the process of returning waste to the processes of technogenesis. In other words, recycling is a process, and waste treatment is an activity consisting of industries and many different processes. In this sense, recycling is one of the elements of waste management, which in turn is part of waste processing. Waste recycling is carried out by reusing waste for the same purpose, for example glass bottles after their appropriate safe processing and marking (labeling), or by returning waste after appropriate treatment to production cycle(for example, cans - into steel production; waste paper - into paper and cardboard production, etc.)

The importance of waste recycling.

Firstly, the resources of many materials on Earth are limited and cannot be replenished in a time frame comparable to the existence of human civilization. Second, once materials are released into the environment, they typically become pollutants. Thirdly, waste and finished their life cycle products are often (but not always) a cheaper source of many substances and materials than natural sources.

Recycled raw materials.

Often, any production and consumption waste is called “recyclable materials” (short for “recycled raw materials”). This is not true. Firstly, it is not possible or advisable to reuse any waste in the national economy, and secondly, some waste can only be reused by converting it into energy.

A distinctive feature of secondary material resources is that they cannot be used for their intended purpose, but are potentially suitable for reuse in the national economy to obtain raw materials or products. For example, a tin can that is opened by a consumer cannot be reused for its original purpose as a food container, but can be processed by being melted down into raw materials for the manufacture of metal products, including new tin cans. Accordingly, secondary raw materials are called only those production and/or consumption wastes that, by their nature, are material resources intended for recycling, directly or after additional processing, as raw materials or products.

Waste that is reused with the release of thermal and/or electrical energy is not secondary raw materials; such waste is called secondary energy resources.

Recycled raw materials

Waste paper: paper, cardboard, newspapers, textiles, packaging;

Glass: glass containers, broken glass;

Scrap metal: ferrous, non-ferrous, precious;

Chemicals: acids, alkalis, organics;

Petroleum products: oils, bitumen, asphalt;

Electronics: products, circuit boards, batteries, mercury lamps, wires;

Plastics: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (LDPE) and low-density polyethylene (HDPE), ABS plastic, polystyrene (PS)

Rubber: tires, rubber;

Biological: food waste, fats, sewage disposal;

Wood: branches, shavings, foliage

Construction: brick, concrete;

A few decades ago, when recycling did not exist as a business, the delivery of waste paper and scrap metal was carried out voluntarily. IN populated areas old newspapers, magazines, and notebooks of any size were specially set aside for delivery to collection points and subsequent exchange for books or useful things.

Creating a business from waste

Enough for a long time No one really thought about the possibility of recycling waste. All waste was dumped into containers and transported outside the city. However, during the crisis, many businessmen again turned to the old practice, realizing that recycling used materials is much cheaper than purchasing new raw materials.

The search for profitable promising solutions allows us to consider the collection of recyclable materials as a business that requires minimum investment. If the goal of an entrepreneur is to engage exclusively in purchasing waste paper from the population, then to start his own business he:

• a small amount for payments;
• press;
• scales;
• a vehicle for transportation;
• plot with a small building.

In this case, both the plot and the car can be simply rented at first. For active activities small company 2-3 people are enough, who can be co-owners or employees. When hiring someone for a job, you don’t need to worry about the applicant’s qualifications. It is enough for him to be honest, hardworking and focused on the prosperity of the company.

Business prospects

Every entrepreneur who has decided that recycling recyclable materials is exactly the kind of business that can promise him trouble-free enrichment should carry out some small motivating calculations. Reception of waste paper – profitable business already because every year any city resident throws away at least 110–130 kg of used paper:

• food packaging;
• newspapers magazines;
• boxes;
• disposable wipes.

A lot of different raw materials simply disappear, but what if we multiply this number by the number of people living in the nearby area?

It is a well-known fact that abroad, at least 25–40% of recyclable materials are recycled thanks solely to the conscientiousness of citizens in the fight for the environment and surrounding nature consciously sorting their own garbage.

In our country, such statistics are still quite deplorable - only 12% of used paper reaches factories specializing in recycling. However, the consciousness of citizens is gradually increasing, and you can be sure that they will also begin to put away paper and cardboard separately if special containers are placed in neighborhoods.

Main sources of raw materials

Recycling paper of various categories is a reliable business if you stake out several places with huge reserves. These could be:

• sleeping areas;
• points for selling household appliances;
• bars, etc.

You can reach an agreement with the owners of shops and entertainment venues by offering them a certain amount for the opportunity to collect and sort garbage. Some may be happy to get rid of unnecessary problems, but most will still require some monetary compensation. Until competitors decide to do this, it is best to calculate the maximum possible amount of costs for such purposes and agree with them.

In microdistricts, it is also possible to influence the consciousness of citizens by equipping special containers. But it is advisable to create small waste paper collection points at an affordable price. This way it will be possible to cover maximum amount residents, both conscious and those who decided to earn a little money.

It is a mistake to think that used paper can be transported immediately after collection from the population. As a rule, a waste paper collection business is based on several stages:

• paper collection within 7–10 days;
• storage under a canopy;
• sorting into categories;
• pressing.

And only after this is delivery carried out according to the previously agreed schedule with the pulp and paper mill. It is quite possible that some organizations buy raw materials of only one category. In this case, you will have to look for additional sales locations.

Since waste paper differs in quality, it is conventionally divided into several categories:

• A - high quality(notebooks, office paper, bags);
• B – average (magazines, books, booklets, gray cardboard);
• B – low (newspapers and colored cardboard).

Even taking into account the costs of installing a kiosk, special boxes, renting a machine, purchasing a press and scales, as well as payments to the population - with an active attitude, a waste recycling business can guarantee an income of 30-50 thousand rubles weekly.

Partial processing business

Over time, when the purchase of raw materials and sales have already been established, and free funds for expansion have appeared, you can create your own workshop for partial recycling of waste paper. The benefit of such changes is that in the end it is possible to obtain pulp, the sale of which large enterprises it happens much easier, and revenue thus increases several times.

The process of creating pulp consists of several stages of working with the collected raw materials;

• soak;
• whitening;
• disinfection;
• draining liquid;
• whipping foam.

To organize a process through which waste paper recycling reaches a new business level, it is necessary to purchase tanks, pumps, and mixers powered by electricity.

Making your own paper

Complete recycling of cardboard and other types of paper as a business reaches its final stage if the owner of the location decides to manufacture his own products.

Manufacturing is considered the least expensive toilet paper, since its production does not require overly complex and expensive mechanisms.

However, at this stage difficulties begin that the businessman has never had to face before. Among them:

• the purchase of raw materials that have previously undergone several stages of processing may turn out to be unprofitable due to the lack of quality of the final product;
• acquisition of complex mechanisms, the cost of which sometimes exceeds 300-400 thousand rubles;
• significant increase in staff, purchase of mechanized loaders;
• rental of premises with large areas, which would meet the requirements of fire and sanitary services.

All these are significant costs, but it is precisely such steps that will indicate that the business has taken off, as well as the person leading it from the very beginning.

Reception of recyclable materials as a business based on paper production can guarantee an income of at least 5 million rubles monthly. If the owner decides to produce cardboard in the workshops, due to the high cost of the material, the revenue will reach 9 million rubles. And since such activities are partly aimed at environmental safety, production receives government incentives, which must be taken advantage of.

How it works - waste recycling in Russia: Video

Want some junk statistics? Why trash? Because the topic of today’s publication is the processing of secondary raw materials, or simply what we used to call “garbage”. So, let's get back to the statistics. It turns out that one resident of an average city (from 200 to 500 thousand people) throws out approximately 400 kilograms of various garbage in a year of his life. We’ll look at what these kilograms are made of a little later, but for now try to calculate how many “garbage” tons there will be from an entire city.


Recycling is not a new idea. But it does not lose its relevance because of this. The well-known hero of the novel “The Golden Calf” by Ilf and Petrov, Ostap Bender, liked to often repeat that “money is lying under your feet, you just have to bend down to pick it up” - you’ve probably heard this expression. And although the famous swindler was clearly not talking about recyclable materials, this phrase fits this topic perfectly.

Considering that the raw materials for various types production requires certain purchasing costs, and secondary raw materials can be purchased for almost nothing, it becomes clear that Mr. Bender was right when he said that money lies under your feet. The cost reduction column is the main source of... generating income, no matter how strange it may sound. After all, what you manage to save can be recorded as profit received.

Let's take a short review of what kind of waste is in greatest “demand” in Russia, what can be produced from it, what is needed to organize a business for recycling recyclable materials, and what are the prospects for this project as a whole?

By the way, I think that the word “garbage” is somewhat unacceptable when it comes to making a profit from it. Therefore, it is better to use the term “waste”.

"Second life" of waste

A person encounters objects made from recycled materials every day throughout his life. Plastic plates and cups in the cafe where he goes to have lunch, various cardboard boxes, paper packaging, bottles from which he drinks water, and even paving slabs (you can learn about the technology for making paving slabs) on which he walks - all this can be made from waste. But more on this below in the text.

The first thing you need to do is decide on the specific type of waste, the processing of which is most profitable for you, taking into account geographical position, demand for products made from recycled materials, supply opportunities to other regions, and many other factors.

However, some types of waste can be collected almost anywhere:

• Plastic, polyethylene
• Waste paper of various types
• Glass
• Metal

These are the most popular wastes for recycling. It must be emphasized here that anything can be recycled. So, for example, organic waste (food scraps, wood, food production waste, etc.) will make an excellent fertilizer or source of thermal energy. About what can be made from old car tires read this source.

And now more about our “top” waste.

Recycling of plastic, plastic and polyethylene

From plastic and polyethylene, when recycled, you can get... plastic and polyethylene. That is, this production is practically waste-free. Most often, the role of such waste is plastic bottles, cans, plastic products, plastic bags, bags, film. Actually, the entire business of processing such types of waste consists of obtaining “intermediate” raw materials in the “waste – finished product” chain.

This raw material is called “flex” and is polymer flakes. The plastic recycling process looks something like this:

• Sorting for “white” and “colored” waste
• Removal labels and other items of “non-plastic” origin
• Grinding in the crushing apparatus
• Treatment in a steam boiler to clean the resulting mass
• Treatment in a polishing machine
• Flushing in the rinsing unit
• The final stage – drying chamber, from where finished products – flex – go to the warehouse

A plastic recycling line costs a lot of money and requires careful preparation for implementation, creation detailed business plan(see how to write a business plan here -). The development of a business plan can be ordered on this blog.

A cheaper option is to purchase a “mobile” mini-plant for plastic processing, which can be transported from place to place. Such a mini-plant is placed in a 6-meter container and transported by a regular truck.

Recycling of waste paper

Glass recycling

In the recent past (in some places even now) one could often see various degenerate personalities on the streets, begging for empty glass bottle from beer bottles from passers-by, or those collecting “glass containers” from trash cans. It’s disgusting to look at people like that, isn’t it? Is it true. Just to earn such a homeless person by handing over empty bottles in one month is 2-3 salaries office worker for the same period. This data was provided to me by a sociological research agency.

Moreover, now they accept not only empty glass containers, but also various cullet. Naturally, only glass can be obtained from glass, so such recyclable materials after processing can only be supplied to glass factories where special expensive equipment is installed for the production of various glass products.

Metal recycling

Various scrap metal - from ferrous metal to more “noble” aluminum and copper, is perhaps the only area of ​​recycling that has been on the rise for several decades. Fortunately, this requires relatively little:

• Large land area for the organization of a scrap metal collection and processing point
• Gas cutting equipment
• Powerful press

After processing, scrap metal is purchased by foundries.

Organization of a recycling collection point

Another option for working with recyclable materials is to accept them, after which the waste is sent for recycling. Let's go back to the beginning of the article. Have you already calculated how many tons of garbage an average Russian city produces annually? Let's try it together. 200,000 inhabitants (take for example small town) multiply by 400 kg. We will receive 80 tons of various waste, of which almost 99% can be recycled.

That is, out of 80 tons, only a little will be “lost.” The most low price, according to which you can accept waste (for example, waste paper of the MS-13V brand - the lowest quality) - this is a thousand rubles. Now we multiply 80 thousand tons by 1,000 rubles, and we get a very unexpected amount of 80 million rubles. Which people simply throw in the trash. 80 million from one city per year! Even if we take into account the presence of 5-6 competitors, the profit will still be very good! Which could very well be yours. I hope everything works out for you. Good luck!

It would be logical for recycling plants seeking to buy recyclables at the most profitable price to turn to a waste removal company. That is why our company was initially interested in offering not only waste removal and disposal services, but also the supply of materials suitable for the production of recyclable materials. Large volumes and regularity of work guarantee prices for recyclable materials lower than what regular collection points can offer. Sale of secondary raw materials is one of the services of the Sanitarim company.

It is more profitable to buy recyclable materials from us

The ability to sort waste at the assembly stage implies separating the material for recycling from other waste, that is, a minimally contaminated product arrives at the warehouse. Transportation and storage conditions have a particularly sad effect on cardboard and paper - they become soggy and mixed with waste, making it impossible to use recyclables in this condition.

In order for the sale of recycled materials to truly bring you income, our company complies with the following conditions:

• regular supplies of large volumes of material suitable for reuse;
• reducing sorting costs and increasing its efficiency due to separate collection garbage;
• compliance with storage conditions;
• effective interaction with partners and regular removal of accumulated raw materials.

The cost of recyclable materials is not too high. But many production processes based on the use of recycled materials bring stable profits, for example:

• production of toilet paper;
• production of plastic and cardboard containers, etc.

Take advantage of the opportunities to open your own profitable business with minimal costs for raw materials.

Recycling and selling recyclable materials is more profitable than recycling



Properly organized processing and sale of secondary raw materials will allow you to actively help preserve natural resources and save in the production of goods. The numbers speak for themselves: 100 kg of waste paper allows you to save one tree, and paper and cardboard can go through 5-6 rounds of recycling until the fibers are completely worn out. The same amount of money (and in some cases less) is spent on recycling plastic and polyethylene as it would be spent on their destruction - synthetic materials are difficult to burn and do not decompose in nature.

Waste disposal begins from the collection stage. Many types of recyclable materials are immediately stored in appropriate containers for further processing. Next comes the separation stage: a variety of methods are used to extract from the total mass materials that may still be useful. Ferrous metals are searched for using a magnetic device, regular trash sifted and divided into large and small particles, employees visually inspect the remaining waste.

After sorting, final cleaning and disinfection occurs, batches are formed and sent to the appropriate processing plants.