Thematic lesson: nature conservation, science and technology. Knowledge system and conservation

The changes observed in nature, caused by active human intervention, indicate the unsatisfactory state of industrial and technological practice, the education system, and the decline in the moral and spiritual level of man. In this regard, there is an urgent need to revise the entire system of knowledge about the world, man and society. In other words, an objective need arose to strengthen the fundamental basis of education, built on the basis of the organic unity of its natural science components. A person must see and realize his dependence on nature, of which he is an integral part. According to Bertrand Russell, nature obeys only by being subordinated to it. Only in this case, human knowledge and the power of nature are combined and transformed into a creative force. We can name two groups of reasons indicating the need to increase the role of the fundamental basis of education. The first group is associated with global problems of civilization, the current stage of development of which is characterized by the presence of signs of economic, environmental, energy crises, as well as a sharp aggravation of national and social conflicts in many countries of the world. The second group is due to the fact that the world community in recent decades has placed the priority of the individual at the center of the education system. The formation of a highly educated personality requires solving a set of interrelated problems. First, it is necessary to create conditions for harmonious relations between man and nature through the study of the fundamental laws that govern it. At the same time, it is extremely important not so much to understand the phenomena of nature in order to master them through reflection, but to preserve nature in its natural state for future generations. Secondly, a person lives in society and for his harmonious existence it is necessary to immerse himself in the cultural environment through the development of history, law, philosophy, economics and other sciences. The concept of fundamental education was first clearly formulated in early XIX V. philologist and philosopher Wilhelm Humboldt (1767–1835). According to this concept, the subject of study should be that fundamental knowledge that is born at the forefront of the development of science, and fundamental education should be combined with scientific research.

Such a progressive education system has been introduced in best universities peace. The problem of strengthening the fundamental basis of education is relevant not only for Russia, but also for other countries. Thus, in one of the reports of the US commission it was noted that America, as with the launch of the first Soviet satellite, is facing the threat of losing its level of education and may find itself among the countries that are not able to perceive the latest achievements in science, technology, technology, and the humanitarian sphere. for very low level mathematics and science education. A white paper from the US National Commission on Education Quality states: “The nation is at risk because educational foundations The state is being undermined by an ever-growing tide of mediocrity that threatens the future of the nation and the country as a whole, and if an unfriendly power were to attempt to impose on America such a mediocre educational system as exists today, we would regard it as an act of war.” Another important document, the UNESCO report, emphasizes that for the development of the world “the only significant resources are knowledge, human ingenuity, imagination and good will; it becomes clear that without them no sustainable progress with regard to peace, respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms is possible; decisive role Education plays a role in developing these qualities.” Important role In fundamental education, natural scientific knowledge plays a role, which not only broadens the horizons of the learner, but also represents a sphere of active actions that determine the level of development of society. One of the paradoxes historical development is that neither the consciousness of an impending planetary catastrophe, nor the comprehension of the idea sustainable development, nor the revision of the conceptual foundations of education have so far had almost no effect on the real behavior of states and human societies. The world continues to move along a dangerous path that brings us all closer to the final brink - to the line beyond which there is no choice, no future, no person, and perhaps no life at all. Ten years after the adoption of the concept of sustainable development, in 2002, the UN World Conference on Sustainable Development, called the Earth Summit, was held in Rio de Janeiro. It was attended by delegates from 189 countries and heads of over 100 states of the world. At this conference it was noted that over the past ten years much less has been achieved than expected. Consumer lifestyles continue to deplete the Earth's natural life-sustaining sources. The developed countries failed to deliver on their promises to step up action to protect environment even on their own territories, not to mention assistance developing countries. Representatives of many countries said that it is the residents of Europe and especially the United States, the so-called “golden billion,” who consume about 80% of the world’s energy resources, and therefore they must pay for it and help 2.5 billion people who cannot meet their needs even with clean water and electricity. It is clear that the root of evil lies not only in the thinking and behavior of individual people, but also in general political and economic relations. At the same time, cultural, spiritual and moral factors still play a huge role, aimed at eradicating the ruthlessly consumerist relations of man and all humanity to nature. And the only force capable of organically, as if from within, transforming culture is, again, education on the fertile soil of upbringing. In this regard, it is necessary to radically restructure the teaching of basic sciences. One of the main tasks is to radically strengthen their ideological significance. In the concepts and concepts of fundamental disciplines it is necessary to see not only a scattering of knowledge, but also a holistic picture of the natural world, including its planetary changes. This means that fundamental knowledge should not be acquired in separate clusters, but in a single system - comprehensively. And to become familiar not only with its immediate meaning, but also as vitally important spiritual and moral values ​​and moral norms. The normative role of fundamental sciences in the formation of the spiritual and moral principles of human activity has not yet been fully comprehended by scientists themselves, much less it has not been mastered and is far from understood by politicians and tycoons of the business world. But you still can’t do without it. It is throughout the entire system modern education and spiritual and moral education, the sprouts of a new worldview can and should sprout. Scientists, teachers, all representatives of fundamental sciences are called upon to see the cardinal nature of the problem of the survival of man and humanity and to realize their responsibility for solving it. Today it is very important that, as in the years of the Pugwash Movement, prominent representatives of the scientific elite and the academic community as a whole take an equally decisive position in the fight against the impending catastrophe. And so that our contemporaries act as persistently as physicists in their time actively acted, who managed to convince the public and political circles of the need to stop the nuclear missile arms race and achieve a renunciation of the use of nuclear weapons. However, the efforts of scientists and teachers will be in vain if each person does not realize his share of responsibility for the decision global problem preserving life on our planet. "The future of the community as part of unified system biosphere, depends on when it understands its connection with Nature (God, Spirit, Supreme Intelligence, World Information) and assumes responsibility not only for the development of society (which all utopians strived for), but also the biosphere as a whole,” said Academician V.I. Vernadsky (1863–1945).

It is extremely important that a new worldview, based on a synthesis of the achievements of fundamental sciences and spiritual and moral values, permeate the entire system of training and education of the younger generation - from schools to universities. The first step in this direction has already been taken - students of higher education educational institutions study concepts modern natural science and ecology, and the study of Orthodox culture and secular ethics. Considering the practical significance of natural science knowledge, it is advisable to take the next step - to include it in the educational process high school disciplines that would integrate knowledge in various natural sciences on the basis of a holistic conceptual approach to the study of the properties of natural objects and fundamental laws. One of these disciplines may be, for example, modern natural science, which in its didactic content corresponds to the concepts of modern natural science for study by university students, and another equally important discipline is ecology. The introduction of these disciplines for high school students does not at all mean exclusion from educational process physics, chemistry and biology. This means that a variable approach is possible within the allocated training hours. For example, for schools with humanitarian and socio-economic areas, it is advisable to provide a larger volume of teaching hours for studying modern natural science, and for physics and mathematics schools to choose physics as a major along with mathematics, etc. Without a doubt, any person who has not only general conceptual natural scientific knowledge, but also has mastered moral rules, will certainly act in such a way that the benefit as a result of his action is always combined with a careful attitude towards nature and its conservation for both present and future people. future generations. Only in this case will the creative activity of each person make a tangible contribution to a sustainable balance natural processes and the dynamic progressive development of the biosphere, which will move into a more ordered state - the noosphere, the sphere of reason.
Bibliographical references
Karpenkov S.Kh. Concepts of modern natural science. Textbook for universities, 12th ed. M.: Direct-Media, 2014.
Karpenkov S.Kh. Concepts of modern natural science. Workshop, 6th ed. M.: Direct-Media, 2016.
Karpenkov S.Kh. Ecology. Textbook for universities. M.: Direct-Media, 2015.
Karpenkov S.Kh. Ecology. Workshop. M.: Direct-Media, 2014.
Karpenkov S.Kh. Ecology. Textbook for bachelors. M.: Logos, 2014.
Karpenkov S.Kh. Technical means information technologies. 3rd ed. M.: Direct-Media, 2015.
Karpenkov S.Kh. Concepts of modern natural science. Directory. M.: graduate School, 2004.

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Explanatory note.

Our Earth is just an infinitesimal particle of the Universe, but only on it, out of all the planets examined by man, is there life. And if so, then we need to doubly try so that the nature of our common home is not only preserved, but becomes more abundant and beautiful. After all, everything we eat and drink is given to us by nature. All our small and large equipment - from shovels to space rockets - are made from natural materials. Man himself is also a part of nature, and any trouble in nature threatens his health and life. In the era of the scientific and technological revolution, nature turned out to be defenseless against man and dependent on him. Rivers are dammed, rockets are launched into space, the earth's crust is pierced by the deepest wells...

Voluntarily or unwittingly, a person interferes with the course of natural processes, disturbing the natural balance. As a result, rivers are dying, the climate is changing, plants and animals are disappearing. This disaster is called an environmental crisis.

The subject of ecology is the connection of living beings with the environment. Ecology is designed to produce overall strategy human behavior in nature. It is also called upon to look for ways to restore damaged natural systems in a modified form.

The right to live in an environmentally friendly, healthy and safe environment is one of the most important human rights. That is why the environmental problem has become so acute all over the world recently. It acquired economic, social and political implications. The role of ecology has increased in modern science. Economists, lawyers, sociologists, and philosophers began to study environmental issues.

However, many issues still remain unexplored and unresolved. Therefore, the problem of environmental protection and the impact of pollution on human health remains relevant.

Goals:

• nurturing a sense of love for nature, respect for all living things;
• helping students understand their moral responsibility for the fate of their native land, their village;
• formation of ecological culture.

Equipment:

• presentation.
• nature conservation posters;
• photographs of human influence on nature;
• reproductions of paintings depicting nature;
• children's drawings about the birds of our region;

Progress of the lesson

1. Introductory speech by the teacher.

2. Speeches by students with environmental information on the topic of the class lesson.

3. Problem situation“Availability of sources of clean fresh water Nogliki village”

4. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. “Biologists”

5. Conversation with students “Environmental pollution.”

6. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. “Medical worker.”

7.Ecological raid. “What laws have been violated?”

8. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. "Economist".

9. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. "Student".

10.Work in groups. “Appeal on behalf of Nature.”

Progress of the event

We must not allow people to direct towards their own destruction.
those forces of nature that they were able to discover and conquer.
F. Joliot-Curie

1. Opening remarks.

The sages and dreamers of the past more than once tried to list the “wonders of the world” - miracles created by nature and created by human hands. They talked about seven miracles, searched for and found the eighth, but it seems no one ever mentioned the miracle of miracles - the only one known to us in the Universe. This miracle is our planet itself, together with the atmosphere - the container and guardian of life. And for now it continues to remain unique, incomparable, greatest, mysterious and amazing. The only one, because the rest of the planets in our solar system are most likely lifeless, and we have not yet discovered habitable planets around other stars. The greatest, because it contains all the mysteries that have long troubled humanity - the mysteries of the birth and history of the planet itself, the mysteries of the origin of life, intelligence, and the future destinies of civilization.

This miracle is Nature. Man is a part of it. Nature provides man with food. Wind and sun, forest and water give us common joy, shape our character, make us softer and more poetic. People are inextricably linked with nature through thousands of threads. Human life depends on the state of nature. Save nature - save life.

Airfields, piers and platforms,
Forests without birds and land without water...
Less and less of the surrounding nature.
More and more - the environment.

There are only four lines of R. Rozhdestvensky’s poem, but they contain the very essence of the most serious changes taking place in the nature of the Earth. We the people beginning of the XXI centuries, almost unnoticed by themselves, they turned out to be both witnesses and culprits of these changes. How can they turn out for today and future generations?

2. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. "Ecologist".

For many years, there was no generally accepted understanding of the quantitative relationship between environmental pollution and human health.

Is there currently a threat to nature and human life?

Far-sighted, caring people have always been concerned about environmental problems. Thus, Yaroslav the Wise by law limited the production of swans, beavers and other valuable animals.

The decree of Peter I of 1718 ordered “criminals who have been cutting down oak forest and will continue to cut down, as well as those who order cutting, cutting out their nostrils and ears, are ordered to be sent to hard labor in batogami.” With the same decree, Peter I demanded the construction of treatment facilities within St. Petersburg and obliged all citizens to ensure cleanliness around their homes and on their streets.

According to the Decree of 1719 on the protection of reservoirs: “... if anyone defiles the river with garbage or other impurities, he will be sentenced to be beaten with a whip or exiled to Siberia...”.

For millennia, human encroachment into nature has expanded. But especially great changes in the environment occurred during the era of the scientific and technological revolution. And they are not always positive.

Scientific and technological progress has brought and continues to bring many conveniences and comfort to people. It made work easier and allowed us to go into space. It is impossible to stop or even slow it down, just as it is impossible to force a person to stop thinking, daring, creating... Unfortunately, not everyone understands the importance of protecting the environment. Nature began to send alarming signals and change. The culprits of these changes are people and the factories they created, power plants, mines, transport, as well as cities...

A few decades ago, Academician V.I. Vernadsky, the creator of the science of biogeochemistry, warned against a predatory attitude towards nature and its riches: there can only be one result - its complete destruction.

The expression “necessary as air” did not arise by chance. A person can live without food for weeks, without water for days, and without air for minutes.

Over the past 25-30 years, transport and industry have taken more oxygen from the atmosphere than humanity consumed in the entire anthropogen, that is, in 2-3 million years. Sulfur, nitrogen, zinc, potassium, and toxic substances are released into the atmosphere. Only 5 billion tons of carbon dioxide are emitted annually in the world, which can lead to warming, partial melting of polar ice and rising sea levels. Possible negative consequences for humanity in this case it is difficult to even imagine.

More than 50 Russian cities have levels of environmental pollution that exceed sanitary standards.

The problem of clean fresh water sources is becoming increasingly acute.

Forests - the “lungs of the planet”, fail-safe filters of the atmosphere - are being cut down faster than they are growing. Each cubic meter of wood is almost half a ton of carbon dioxide absorbed from the air.

Nature has generously endowed Sakhalin Island with riches. The main wealth of the island is undoubtedly oil and gas. large deposits on the Sakhalin shelf. According to OJSC Rosneft-Sakhalinmorneftegaz, they exceed the reserves on land of the island by 27 and 57 times, respectively, amounting to simply cosmic volumes: more than one billion tons of oil and 3.6 trillion cubic meters. m of gas.

The relatively small territory of the Sakhalin region is subject to increasingly severe anthropogenic impacts, which tend to increase due to the development of the continental shelf and the development of new mineral deposits.

Land pollution with oil products in the Sakhalin region, including the Nogliki region, is not decreasing. In the region there is a main oil pipeline - 303 km, a central oil pipeline - 273.7 km, supply oil pipelines - 85.9 km, a main gas pipeline - 329 km, supply gas pipeline - 220.8 km, as well as pumping machines, oil parks, oil production sites, oil gathering points, oil pumping stations in total - 71 units, there are 377 fuel and lubricants warehouses, over 100 gas stations, and the Petrosakh JSC oil refinery. All of them are environmentally hazardous objects.

The production activities of drilling enterprises in the oil and gas complex have a significant technogenic load on the environment, causing complex environmental consequences that cause pathological deviations in the health of the population of adjacent cities and towns, including in the Nogliki region.

In places where oil and gas wells are drilled, soil, water and air pollution is observed, leading to a disruption of the natural ecological balance. Issues of neutralization and disposal of drilling waste are of priority importance in the environmental policy of industry enterprises. The solution to this problem is possible only within the framework of the creation of environmentally friendly technologies and well construction techniques.

A difficult problem is the disposal and disposal of waste drilling fluids and drill cuttings (drill rock).

The main environmental problem when drilling wells is related to the use of drilling fluid, which consists of oil, mineral additives and bentonite (clay powder). There are three ways to dispose of spent drilling fluid in the world: dumping it into the sea, pumping it into the reservoir, and transporting it ashore for disposal. Leading Russian research institutes and organizations are working on assessing these alternatives from the point of view of environmental safety.

Currently, technological solutions have been developed for the reuse of spent drilling fluids when drilling wells, their use together with drill cuttings as secondary raw materials in the production of coarse building ceramics, as well as the regeneration of active components (obtaining clay powder, isolating a weighting agent). But so far these disposal methods have not found support on Sakhalin. It is economically profitable and practically accessible to neutralize these wastes using the method of disposal, followed by burial in mineral soil, directly on the territory of the drilling site. At the same time, the process of eliminating sludge pits and land reclamation is greatly simplified.

On Sakhalin, one of the most serious problems has been the pollution of landscapes during the exploration and development of oil and gas fields. The accumulation of drilling waste in a limited area, the technology for disposal of which is not yet available, leads to soil salinization and contamination with oil products and heavy metals. The most toxic to soil microflora are chromium compounds, sodium and potassium hydroxides and carbonates, and chlorine compounds. In soils near a borehole, the barium content increases by 20 times, vanadium by 16 times, and lead by 6-7 times.

3. Problem situation “Sources of clean fresh water in Nogliki”

Cl. supervisor. Yes, everything in nature is interconnected, this relationship is studied by the science of ecology. Give examples of such relationships in our village?

Sample answers from children:

1.The production activities of drilling enterprises in the oil and gas complex have a significant anthropogenic load on the environment.

2. On Sakhalin, one of the most serious problems was the pollution of landscapes during the exploration and development of oil and gas fields.

3. A difficult problem is the disposal and disposal of waste drilling fluids and drill cuttings (drill rock).

4. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. “Biologists”

It has already been proven that genetic information transmitted to subsequent generations by a living cell can be distorted and disrupted under the influence of so-called “mutants”. These include radiation, active chemicals, toxic chemicals, pesticides, and some metals.

Pathological signs of the body are the result of the interaction of hereditary (internal) and environmental (external) factors. One of the most important reasons Hereditary human pathologies are mutational variability (induced mutagenesis).

In the Nogliki region, among newborns, the number of children with congenital hereditary anomalies (when recalculating the incidence of children with hereditary anomalies per 1000 healthy newborns) is 0.219 ± 0.036, and the same figure only among children in the first year of life is 0.742 ± 0.123. Probably one of the reasons for the occurrence of hereditary anomalies in the Nogliki region is: the unfavorable ecological situation in the village of Nogliki, associated with environmental pollution during oil and gas production, as well as the reason that in the north of the island among the population of northern peoples living in remote villages ( Val, Tungor, Mgachi, Dagi, Sabo), as a result of crossing, recessive genes carrying hereditary anomalies are eliminated, and the number of homozygous organisms for these abnormal characteristics increases.

The total number of people with cancer pathologies in the period from 1997 to 2005. in the Nogliki region shown on the graph (Fig. 1) increases. Data analysis showed that the number of people with cancer is increasing every year. So, if in 1997 only 32 people were identified, then in 2005 this figure was already 73 people.

Actual data on various nosological units of cancer diseases in the population of Nogliki are shown in Figure 2. In general, it is important to note that in first place in the number of cases are people with breast cancer (38% of the total number of analyzed symptoms), in second place are those of the uterine body (16%), in third place are those of the lung (14%). Further, in descending order, oncological diseases were as follows: stomach cancer (10%), intestinal cancer (8%), ovarian cancer (7%) and skin melanoma (7%).

Fig.1.
Total number of people with cancer pathologies in the Nogliki region (1997-2005):
1 – 1997, 2 -1998, 3 – 1999, 4 – 2000, 5 – 2001, 6 – 2002, 7 – 2003, 8 – 2004, 9 – 2005

Fig.2.
Factual data on various disease entities
oncological diseases of the population of Nogliki

For centuries, everything has been dumped into the seas and oceans without any restrictions, including radioactive waste. Numerous accidents of oil tankers lead to the death of fish, crabs, and seabirds.

5. Conversation with students “Environmental pollution.”

Key manager What environmental lesson does environmental pollution bring?

Sample answers from children:

1. Numerous oil tanker accidents lead to the death of fish, crabs, and seabirds.

2. The reasons for the occurrence of hereditary anomalies in the Nogliki region are: the unfavorable environmental situation in the village of Nogliki, associated with environmental pollution.

3. Increase in human disease.

The facts presented are alarming.
And only nature gasps...
Spring! The streams do not stop:
Streams in a riot - here and there.
And they flow into our lake
And fertilizers and fuel oil.
The whole coast became like a landfill -
What, what is not here:
Scraps, old washcloths,
Scraps of books and newspapers...
Those landfills are growing year by year
Along the banks of lakes and rivers,
And Nature laments:
- Why all this, Man?!
I'm walking through the taiga valley...
And again - bitter words:
The tops of the pines have dried up,
The leaves fell from the birches,
There are black sores on the grass -
Trouble everywhere you look...
And the huntsman explained to me with relish:
- And what? Acid rain...
...The forest cried, as if in bad weather,
The creaking complaint of cripples,
And I heard the groan of Nature:
What have you done, Man?!
Once on a tourist voyage
I wanted to swim.
But I took a walk near the beach
And, believe me, I didn’t dare take off my clothes.
The water smelled like poison -
The smells came in waves.
Not the sea - a gutter
They splashed quietly in front of me.
Factories smoked in the distance,
Our cosmic age was noisy.
But the crown of Nature was sad -
Her creation is Man.
Our mind has become Nature's yoke!
Wouldn't it suddenly happen like this?
What do we care about the Red Book?
Is it just a step away?
From thermonuclear reactions
And from chemical innovations
More than once the thread of posterity was torn.
Wave of monstrous mutations
Threatens to flood the planet.
Everything can be, everything can happen...
The question is blunt: to be or not to be?
Nobody has that question for us
And he won’t think to decide.
Meanwhile, hour after hour
We continue to do evil.
And now no forest reserves,
You can no longer drink in the river.
Rockets hit the sky
Disturbing our peaceful overnight stay,
And Nature just gasps:
- Are you my son, Man?
V. Glebov

6. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. “Medical worker.”

The environmental situation in our country is also not encouraging and makes everyone think. What impact does the environment have on people's health?

Air pollution is 43-45% responsible for deteriorating public health. The quality of drinking water also affects your health. On Sakhalin, environmental monitoring is carried out by a single service - the Sakhalin Territorial Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. Control over the state of the natural environment is carried out by the State Environmental Committee for the Sakhalin Region and the Sakhalin Committee of Natural Resources.

The direct influence of chemical pollution on the occurrence of diseases of the central nervous system, hepatitis, toxicosis during pregnancy, an increase in stillborn children and congenital anomalies.

Bacterial and viral pollution of Russian rivers creates a constant danger of epidemiological outbreaks of intestinal infections. In many regions of our country, there is an excess of the permissible level of pesticides in the soil, which leads to the incidence of anemia and tuberculosis in children.

Scientists have registered an increase in overall mortality by 17-24%.

Many plants and animal organisms become accumulators of metals and persistent chemical compounds, their consumption is dangerous to health.

Changing the environment most directly affects human health, his biology, and all living things. Reckless human activity in relation to nature has brought 1,000 vertebrate species to the brink of extinction. The Red Book includes: 115 species of animals, 25% of birds and 44% of animals that are on the verge of extinction. 118 species of mammals and 127 species of birds have already disappeared from the face of the Earth. 35 million people live in the environmental disaster zone in Russia. Accidents and natural disasters (drought, floods, earthquakes...) cause enormous damage to nature.

7. Ecological raid. “What laws have been violated?”

Classroom teacher. Now we will conduct a raid through the streets of our village and see whether its residents comply with environmental laws?

Sample answers from children:

1. Air pollution is man's fault. (transport, production.)
2. Many plants and animal organisms become accumulators of metals and persistent chemical compounds; their consumption is dangerous.
3. Reckless human activity in relation to nature has brought plants and animals to the brink of extinction.

8. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. "Economist".

What can each of us do to preserve nature? First of all, it is necessary to create safe technologies, treatment facilities, we also need hospitals with modern equipment... This requires huge funds. There aren't enough of them yet. It is necessary to learn how to respect natural resources and communities.

According to scientists, it takes 2000 years for a layer of soil 5 cm thick to form in nature. This greatest wealth was created over centuries, millennia. We must cherish it and protect it from destructive consequences.

9. Speeches by students with information on the topic of the class hour. "Student".

What exactly can every schoolchild do to preserve nature? Follow the rules of behavior in the forest and on the banks of water bodies! Follow the rules for collecting forest products: mushrooms, medicinal plants. Take care of our smaller brothers: ants, birds, hedgehogs. Decorate cities and villages in green.

So, protecting nature concerns us all. We all breathe the same air of the Earth, drink water and eat bread, the molecules of which continuously participate in the endless cycle of substances. And we ourselves are thinking particles of Nature. This places a huge responsibility for its safety on each of us, each and every one without exception. Each of us can and must contribute to the fight for the preservation of Nature, and therefore life on Earth.

10. Work in groups. “Appeal on behalf of Nature.”

Classroom teacher. Today we learned the laws of ecology. Unfortunately, many do not know these laws and pollute the Earth, disturbing the fragile ecological balance in nature. And if Nature could speak, what would she say to her children? Let's write appeal letters on behalf of nature.

• The first group will write an appeal to businessmen, owners of plants and factories.
• The second group will write to the military.
• The third group will prepare an appeal to scientists.
• The fourth group will address farmers and peasants.
• The fifth group will write to sailors and fishermen.
• The sixth group will write a letter to the students of our school.

The music is turned on, and for 5 minutes the children write appeals.

Representatives of the groups come to the board and read the appeals.

Thank you, I hope your words will be heard.

Take care of the Earth!
Take care
Lark at the blue zenith,
Butterfly on dodder leaves,
There are sun glares on the path...
Take care of young shoots
At the green festival of nature,
The sky in the stars, the ocean and land
And a soul that believes in immortality, -
All destinies are connected by threads.
Take care of the Earth!
Take care...
M. Dudin

Listening to an audio recording of the song “Birches” (music by I. Matvienko, words by M. Andreev - from the television series “Plot”, Spanish group “Lyube” and S. Bezrukov).

Summarizing conversation on the topic of the class hour.

Bibliography.

1. Alekseev V.A. (ed). 1990. Forest ecosystems and atmospheric pollution. The science. L. 200 pp. Alekseev S.V., Yanushanets O.I.

2. Environmental problems of water resources protection. Chvertkin N.S., Ryazantseva A.V., Zalomnova O.N., Lukashina G.V.

3. Evaluation negative impact repair companies Vehicle on the environment Gaponyuk N.A.

4. Hygienic assessment of environmental factors. Gaponyuk N.A.

5. Environmental management: textbook. allowance Zalomnova O.N., Rezchikov E.A. M.

6.. Ecology: textbook. allowance Rezchikov E.A., Zalomnova O.N. M.

Katan Anastasia

Research work on ecology

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Russia. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Municipal formation of the city of Novy Urengoy.

NOMINATION “GENERAL ECOLOGY”

TOPIC OF THE WORK: “LET'S SAVE NATURE - SAVE THE FUTURE”

HEAD: Reimhe Maria Vladimirovna,

primary school teacher,

MBOU secondary school No. 8

Novy Urengoy

year 2014

1. Introduction... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3
2. Ecology. Global environmental problems. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .page 4
3. Conclusion. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . page 6
4. References. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 7

Introduction

If a person depends on nature, then she also depends on him: she made him - he remakes her.

Anatole France

Relevance of the chosen topic:

MAN IS THE UNIT OF NATURE. Look around! What beautiful plants, various animals, and insects surround us. Nature calms, pleases, surprises, excites.

Our tundra is rich delicious berries, wonderful mushrooms. Who among us does not go to the forest in the fall to enjoy these gifts of nature? We all walk in nature, breathe fresh air, enjoying the flight of crimson, purple and green leaves. And then a little gray bunny slipped by, apparently frightened by the appearance of people. Our nature is unique and enchanting!

Every year in the fall, our whole family also relax in nature, pick mushrooms, berries and simply enjoy the beauty of the forest. And every year I see the same picture: an abundance of empty bottles, full bags of garbage, cigarette packs. All this darkens my stay in the forest...

And every year I think about the actions of us people. Many questions arise in my head:

“Is it really difficult to take garbage with you after a vacation and throw it in the trash?”;

“Who, if not us, will save and protect our nature?”;

“Why do we, people, relax in nature, inhaling the aroma of flowers and herbs, and then we ourselves destroy it?”;

“Why are we so cruel to what is given to us, what surrounds us?”

I have many questions, but there is only one answer: human carelessness, laziness, irresponsibility, ingratitude... After all, what distinguishes a person from all other living beings is that he knows how to notice the beauty of the world around him and enjoy it.

However, with the advent and development of humanity, gradual destruction occurs flora, extermination of many animals. Every living organism, including humans, changes its environment. With the development of society, the increase in the number of factories and enterprises, human impact on the environment begins to harm it and gradually destroy it.

Let us recall the statement of Yevgeny Yevtushenko, which is a call, a cry in relation to man and nature:

Take care of these lands, these waters,

I love even a small epic.

Take care of all the animals within nature, kill only the animals within yourself!

Reflecting on all this, I wanted to know about the situation that is happening in the world around us, in nature, to understand what human influence on nature is, when it began, and what the threat of this influence is to the future generation.

In the conditions of the modern ecological situation, the interaction between man and nature is very complex, and each of us must understand that without changing people’s consciousness and attitude towards nature, human life can perish much earlier.

Technological progress makes human life easier, but factories, cars and power plants pollute the air we breathe.

Aggressive human impact on nature has led to changes and deterioration of the environment, food quality, and the emergence of diseases. Deforestation, pollution of lakes and reservoirs due to environmental disasters, poaching, forest fires, floods... The list goes on. All this is the result of thoughtless human activity. In this regard, there are many extremely acute problems and first of all - environmental ones.

Therefore the mainthe purpose of my work:to call for respect for the environment, to preserve our wonderful nature for the future generation and to prove that nature is the main factor in human health.

We will get acquainted with the terms “ecology”, “ecological safety”, highlight the rules of personal environmental safety and try to prove that the Earth is our home, if we preserve our home, we will preserve our health.

Object of study:us and the world around us.

Subject of study:the impact of human activities on the environment.

Hypothesis: If people are taught to respect the environment, the next generation will not face many of the problems that exist now.

Practical significance:This work will help to interest many people who care about nature and will provide an opportunity to think about their attitude to the world around us. After all, everyone can contribute and help preserve our beautiful nature!

Ecology. Global environmental problems.

What is ecology?

Ecology is the science of the connections between living organisms and the environment. These connections are life on Earth. Humanity is also part of this life. It arose as a result of the development of living nature, is connected with it by all roots, and exists at its expense.

Translated from Greek, “oikos” means house, and “logos” means science. We can say that ecology is the science of home, planet Earth. The term “ecology” was first used in 1866 by the German biologist Ernst Haeckel (1834-1919). Environmental safety – protection from the harmful effects of the environment.

Let's consider global environmental problems and determine ways to solve them.

Global environmental problems and ways to solve them.

Today environmental situation in the world can be described as close to critical.

We enjoy swimming in the river, picking mushrooms and berries, and breathing fresh forest air after a thunderstorm. But do we like everything in nature? Some animals cause fear in us, while others are unpleasant for us to look at.

Stop! Remember: every plant, every Living being amazing and needed by nature! There is nothing superfluous in it! Loving nature means not touching it, not preventing it from living according to its own laws.

Therefore, among the global environmental problems I would like to note the following:

1. Thousands of species of plants and animals have been destroyed and continue to be destroyed, some of them are listed in the Red Book.

Red Book – this is a list of rare and endangered plants, animals and fungi;

1. forest cover has been largely destroyed due to deforestation and fires;
2. natural waters are polluted;
3. the atmosphere in many places is polluted to the maximum permissible levels, and fresh air becomes scarce;
4. surface pollution and disfigurement of natural landscapes: it is impossible to find a single square meter of surface on Earth where there are no artificially created elements.

The destructive attitude of man towards nature becomes completely obvious. Currently economic activity humans are becoming the main source of environmental pollution. IN natural environment industrial waste is thrown out, which then enters the soil, air or water and, ultimately, into the human body. When toxic substances enter the human body, they cause various diseases that can become chronic, some of which cause mutations, oncological diseases and leads to death.
To protect yourself from the harmful effects of pollutants, toxic substances, it is necessary to follow the basic rules of personal environmental safety.

Here are the rules of environmental safety. Below the rules is a list of words. Now we will determine what rules we need to follow in order to preserve and keep our health strong.

Now let’s find out what measures are needed to solve global environmental problems.

1. Take care of the plants and animals living near us;
   2. Protect and restore forests, protect them from fires, pests and diseases;
   3. Use water carefully, oblige enterprises to use a purification system Wastewater, use garbage collection ships and oil skimmers to clean up water bodies.

4. Greening cities and industrial centers, replace cars with electric vehicles, install smoke eliminators in factories.

5. The state sets standards for fishing, bans on whaling, and creates public organizations for environmental protection, for example, GREENPEACE.

Another direction to solve environmental problem, and perhaps in the future - the most important of all, is the formation in society of environmental consciousness, people's understanding of nature as another living being, which cannot be dominated without damage to it and oneself. Each of us must know the rules of behavior in nature and strictly follow them.(Annex 1)

Conclusion.

Nature is the environment of life and the source of human existence. In our country, nature conservation is a matter national importance. Everyone must treat all living things with care and follow the rules of behavior in nature.

Environmental education and upbringing in society should be placed at the state level; in schools and kindergartens it is necessary to conduct conversations with children on the topic careful attitude to nature, to spend open lessons. After all, each of us can make a significant contribution to the protection and preservation of our nature.And if we, people, do not take care of our nature, our native land, everything that nature gives us, then the future generation simply will not be able to survive in the gradually emerging natural conditions, in the ecology that will exist in a few generations.

Enjoy the beauty native nature, green meadows and forests, the sonorous singing of birds, the fluttering of butterflies and dragonflies. Observe the life of nature, study it and love it!

References:

1. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Facts/Ed. Dyleiko A.A., Zaritskaya T.A., Maruk V.A., Tikhonovich V.E.-SPb.: Belfax, 1999. – 504 p.: ill.
2. The world around us: Textbook. for 2nd grade four years old. beginning school/ Vinogradova N.F. – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Education, 1997. – 192 p.:, ill.
3. Fundamentals of ecology: Textbook. for 9th grade general education institutions/ Chernova N.M., Galushin V.M., Konstantinov V.M. – M.: Education, 1997. – 240 pp.: ill.
4. Pochemuchka/Dietrich A.K., Yurmin G.A., Koshurnikova R.V. – 3rd ed., rev. and additional – M.: Pedagogy, 1991. – 384 p.: ill.
5. Encyclopedia for children. Volume 19. Ecology/Chapter. ed. Volodin V.A., leading scientific ed. Vilchek G.E., resp. ed. Ananyeva E.G. – M.: Avanta+, 2003. – 448 pp.: ill.
6. Link to Internet resources: htt://domznaniy.ru/, http://dishisvobodno.ru/, http://injstroj.ru/.

Annex 1

Rules of behavior in nature