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Historical information about plasticine. Research work "amazing plasticine"

, animal fats and other substances that prevent drying. Currently, high molecular weight polyethylene (HMPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), rubbers and other high-tech materials are also used in the production of plasticine. Painted in various colors. Serves for making sketch figures for sculptural works, small models, works of small forms.

The question of who is considered the inventor of plasticine is controversial. In Germany they are considered Franz Kolb(patent 1880), in Great Britain - William Harbut(patent 1899). There is another version of the creation of plasticine, according to which this substance was invented by Joe McVicker. Originally, plasticine was supposed to be used to remove stains from wallpaper. McVicker's relative, who worked at kindergarten, having received a parcel with plasticine, showed it to the children, who appreciated it, and after a while plasticine began to be used everywhere, displacing clay, which had previously been preferred.

Plasticine is used by children as a material for crafts. Playing with plasticine helps develop finger coordination. For children's creativity, it is desirable to use safe plasticine made on a plant basis.

Composition and properties of plasticine

For medal work, the most suitable hard plasticine is grade T, which consists of petrolatum (grade PS) - 32%, paraffin (grade T) - 8%, pine rosin (grade A) - 4.5%, machine oil (grade 45) - 3.97%, zinc white (grade M-1) −4.8%, kaolin (grade R-1-S) - 46.5%, gas soot - 0.23%, which gives plasticine a gray color, gas soot can be replaced with chromium oxide to obtain a greenish color (the mass content of plasticine components is given as a percentage).

Another type of plasticine is soft, consists of the following components: petrolatum (grade PS) - 38.7%, paraffin (grade T) - 4.9%, pine rosin (grade A) - 1.067%, machine oil (grade 45) - 4.9%, kaolin (grade R-1-S) - 49.9%, chromium oxide - 0.5%, carbon black - 0.039%.

The second type of plasticine - soft (grade M) - can be suitable for medal work after adding zinc white, which is not contained in this plasticine; sulfur can be added to the plasticine to give the highest hardness.

In addition to plasticine, modern medalists use a wax composition for modeling, which is used in precision casting of bronze and cast iron using a lost wax model. This wax composition consists of 30% beeswax, 35% paraffin and 35% stearin. In addition, sometimes medal makers work with refractory clay, which is then fired.

Smart plasticine

Smart plasticine, or as it is also called - hand gum (literally - hand chewing gum, English) - is a silicone-based substance that feels like chewing gum, but has interesting properties of thixotropic liquids. Due to this, it flows, breaks, breaks, etc. Due to other components, it can also be magnetized, glow, and change color. Tar oil has similar properties at relatively low temperatures.

Disadvantages of plasticine

Fading in the light
Dust sticking
Blurring in the heat
Hand contamination due to working with plasticine
Some types of plasticine burn

Sources

Vatagin V. How to sculpt animals// Artist. 1962, No. 5. P.53-56.

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An excerpt characterizing Plasticine

“And I’m telling you, don’t you dare do this,” Denisov shouted, rushing to the cadet to hold him back.
But Rostov snatched his hand away and with such malice, as if Denisov were his greatest enemy, directly and firmly fixed his eyes on him.
- Do you understand what you are saying? - he said in a trembling voice, - there was no one in the room except me. Therefore, if not this, then...
He couldn't finish his sentence and ran out of the room.
“Oh, what’s wrong with you and with everyone,” they were last words, which Rostov heard.
Rostov came to Telyanin’s apartment.
“The master is not at home, they have left for headquarters,” Telyanin’s orderly told him. - Or what happened? - added the orderly, surprised at the upset face of the cadet.
- There is nothing.
“We missed it a little,” said the orderly.
The headquarters was located three miles from Salzenek. Rostov, without going home, took a horse and rode to headquarters. In the village occupied by the headquarters there was a tavern frequented by officers. Rostov arrived at the tavern; at the porch he saw Telyanin's horse.
In the second room of the tavern the lieutenant was sitting with a plate of sausages and a bottle of wine.
“Oh, and you’ve stopped by, young man,” he said, smiling and raising his eyebrows high.
“Yes,” said Rostov, as if it took a lot of effort to pronounce this word, and sat down at the next table.
Both were silent; There were two Germans and one Russian officer sitting in the room. Everyone was silent, and the sounds of knives on plates and the lieutenant’s slurping could be heard. When Telyanin finished breakfast, he took a double wallet out of his pocket, pulled apart the rings with his small white fingers curved upward, took out a gold one and, raising his eyebrows, gave the money to the servant.
“Please hurry,” he said.
The gold one was new. Rostov stood up and approached Telyanin.
“Let me see your wallet,” he said in a quiet, barely audible voice.
With darting eyes, but still raised eyebrows, Telyanin handed over the wallet.
“Yes, a nice wallet... Yes... yes...” he said and suddenly turned pale. “Look, young man,” he added.
Rostov took the wallet in his hands and looked at it, and at the money that was in it, and at Telyanin. The lieutenant looked around, as was his habit, and suddenly seemed to become very cheerful.
“If we’re in Vienna, I’ll leave everything there, but now there’s nowhere to put it in these crappy little towns,” he said. - Well, come on, young man, I’ll go.
Rostov was silent.
- What about you? Should I have breakfast too? “They feed me decently,” Telyanin continued. - Come on.
He reached out and grabbed the wallet. Rostov released him. Telyanin took the wallet and began to put it in the pocket of his leggings, and his eyebrows rose casually, and his mouth opened slightly, as if he was saying: “yes, yes, I’m putting my wallet in my pocket, and it’s very simple, and no one cares about it.” .
- Well, what, young man? - he said, sighing and looking into Rostov’s eyes from under raised eyebrows. Some kind of light from the eyes, with the speed of an electric spark, ran from Telyanin’s eyes to Rostov’s eyes and back, back and back, all in an instant.
“Come here,” Rostov said, grabbing Telyanin by the hand. He almost dragged him to the window. “This is Denisov’s money, you took it...” he whispered in his ear.
– What?... What?... How dare you? What?...” said Telyanin.
But these words sounded like a plaintive, desperate cry and a plea for forgiveness. As soon as Rostov heard this sound of the voice, a huge stone of doubt fell from his soul. He felt joy and at the same moment he felt sorry for the unfortunate man standing in front of him; but it was necessary to complete the work begun.
“People here, God knows what they might think,” Telyanin muttered, grabbing his cap and heading into a small empty room, “we need to explain ourselves...
“I know this, and I will prove it,” said Rostov.
- I…
Telyanin's frightened, pale face began to tremble with all its muscles; the eyes were still running, but somewhere below, not rising to Rostov’s face, sobs were heard.
- Count!... don’t ruin young man...here is this unfortunate money, take it... - He threw it on the table. – My father is an old man, my mother!...
Rostov took the money, avoiding Telyanin’s gaze, and, without saying a word, left the room. But he stopped at the door and turned back. “My God,” he said with tears in his eyes, “how could you do this?”
“Count,” said Telyanin, approaching the cadet.
“Don’t touch me,” Rostov said, pulling away. - If you need it, take this money. “He threw his wallet at him and ran out of the tavern.

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1. Introduction. Relevance: Plasticine is used not only as a material for modeling children, but it is also used for various purposes.

In kindergarten, during technology lessons, we worked with plasticine. I was interested in the history of the origin of plasticine, what kind of plasticine there is, what can be made from plasticine.

Target: Study the history of the origin of plasticine, get acquainted with the variety of plasticine, prepare plasticine at home and make products from plasticine.

Tasks:

Study the literature on this issue.

Carry out practical work:

Making plasticine at home

Making products from plasticine

Draw a conclusion about what type of plasticine to use for children’s creativity.

Research methods: literature study, observations, practical work, analysis.

Hypothesis: plasticine is not only a material for children’s creativity, but also a material for production.

Object of study: plasticine as a material used for various practical purposes.

Subject of study: plasticine products.

2.Literature review

2.1. History of the invention of plasticine

Plasticine is a material used for modeling various products. The name "Plasticine" comes from the Italian plastilina, which in turn is from the ancient Greek word plastos, meaning "molded".

It is known that plasticine was invented by William Harbutt, a teacher at the School of Art, in England in 1897 (Appendix I. Fig. 1). Previously, only clay had been used for sculpting, and Harbutt wanted to provide his students with a material that would not dry out when creating sculptures and could be reused over and over again.

At first, William planned to use his invention for educational purposes. But, seeing how much pleasure his family got from plasticine, he decided to sell the plasticine so that other children could enjoy it. The name "Plasticine" was invented by the whole family.

In 1900, Harbutt opened his own factory, which operated until the fire of 1968, in this moment production moved to Thailand.

In Germany, Franz Kolb is considered the inventor of plasticine. (Appendix I. Fig. 2). Plasticine based on his recipe is still sold under the name “Munich art plasticine.”

Since then, artists, architects, engineers and children have used tons of clay to create all sorts of things.

2.2. Making plasticine

Plasticine is made from purified and powdered clay. To prevent the plasticine from drying out in the air, wax, animal fat, ozokerite, ceresin, and petroleum jelly are added to the clay powder. At first, only gray plasticine was in industrial production (the one that was invented by an Englishman). But later they began to add paint, and four primary colors appeared.

2.3. Difference between plasticine and other materials

The difference between plasticine and other materials is that it has different shades, remains soft and does not harden in the air (with the exception of certain varieties), and practically does not stick to your hands. Depending on the temperature it has varying degrees softness. Plasticine is practically harmless and has no expiration date.

Plasticine is mainly used for children's creativity as a material that develops creative skills and finger coordination.

Plasticine is considered good if it is easily cut with a plastic knife, quickly warms up in the hands and becomes soft, holds its shape, sticks well to itself, but not to the hands, does not crack or crumble, does not stain hands and is easily washed off with warm water.

Today, modeling materials are presented in a wide range.

Types of plasticine: regular children's plasticine, professional sculptural, floating, wax, ART plasticine, ball, jumping, edible.

Sculpture plasticine, as a rule, comes in black or dark olive color, and is sold in large briquettes. Its disadvantage is the difficulty of working with it: first, with the help of adults, you need to cut off part of the briquette with a knife, then heat it in hot water within 15-20 minutes. During operation, it is more elastic than ordinary plasticine, and has a rather dull color.

Wax plasticine. The composition of wax plasticine is traditional, but has an improved formula - adding more natural wax.

Wax is a sticky substance of animal or plant origin, consisting of esters, fatty acids and other components. Wax is plastic, waterproof, softens at low temperatures. Since ancient times it has been used for modeling.

Wax plasticine is ideal for children.

Ball plasticine.

A distinctive feature of this plasticine is that it consists of small soft foam balls, which are connected by thin adhesive threads. Coarse ball plasticine is produced on a glycerin base. It is completely safe.

Art plasticine. It differs in that it hardens under the influence of heat, for example in microwave oven, oven or hot water. There are two types. Soft is intended for flat modeling, creating appliqués and paintings. Solid is used to create three-dimensional forms, frame dolls and toys.

Jumping plasticine or “Chewing gum for hands” - plasticine that can take any shape. Invented in America in 1943. It simultaneously has a number of properties: it can stretch, tear, be solid and liquid, can change color, be magnetized and glow. “Smart plasticine” is not oily, so it does not stain clothes or hands. It can be washed. It is non-toxic, hypoallergenic and completely safe. Smart plasticine can be stored in packaging for five years without losing its properties. Floating plasticine. So light that figures made from it do not sink in water. You can even play with it while swimming

Edible plasticine. Edible plasticine is produced mainly by foreign manufacturers and consists of flour, vegetable oils and a huge amount of salt.

Such plasticine is formally called edible. You won't get poisoned by it, but you won't eat much either. However, for beginner little sculptors who put all objects into their mouths without exception, this option is very successful.

Application of plasticine

3.1. Plasticine in children's creativity.

Modeling from plasticine promotes development fine motor skills, speech, imagination, spatial thinking, teaches us to be careful and attentive, broadens our horizons. This material easily adheres to paper, wood, plastic, and cardboard. Therefore, plasticine is an inexhaustible source for the development of children's imagination and creativity. A craft molded from high-quality plasticine does not lose its shape and can be left in the open air for a long time without changing its qualities.

Professions related to sculpting: sculptor, potter, military man, engineer, orthodontist, animator.

Sculptor- an artist or craftsman who produces works of sculpture. It creates volumetric works of art made of wood, metal, plaster, etc. Main methods: carving, carving, sculpting, casting. (Appendix I. Fig. 3).

Sculpture(lat. sculptura, from sculpo - I cut, carve) - sculpture, plastic - view visual arts, whose works have a three-dimensional form and are made of solid or plastic materials.

Some sculptors use plasticine in major works, mainly for sculpting thin parts that dry quickly in clay. But for this, plasticine undergoes additional processing. It is digested, i.e. melted to a liquid state, a plasticizer and color pigment are added to it so that the plasticine matches the color and average softness of the clay from which the entire sculpture is made.

Potter. Potters, potters - craftsmen who make various products from baked clay. Potters are engaged in processing, firing clay to transform it into household items, and creating ceramics. The main material for making all kinds of products is clay. For work of this kind, they choose the cleanest possible “pot” clay, which has the proper viscosity and heat resistance that corresponds to the purpose of the products. (Appendix I. Fig. 4).

Architect. An architect is a specialist who develops plans for buildings, their facades - in general and in detail, as well as internal spaces. An architect can also deal with the calculation of building structures. A modern architect, in a broad sense, is the creator of the material part of the urban environment. Specifically, these can be individual buildings, public complexes, in some cases, entire villages and even cities. (Appendix I. Fig. 5).

Military. The military uses wax relief maps because they are visual, that is, they make it possible to visually perceive the spatial shapes, sizes and placements of depicted objects. Special maps created for troops include road maps, aeronautical maps and a number of others. Maps with data on the bottom surface of seas, oceans and other bodies of water are called marine navigation charts. (Appendix I. Fig.6,7)

Orthodontist. An orthodontist studies and treats malocclusions, the position of teeth, the shape of dental arches, improves facial proportions, and also deals with the prevention of such disorders. Makes impressions of teeth for prosthetics. (Appendix I I. Fig. 1).

Animators. Animators are artists who create animation. An animator comes up with cartoon characters, sketches the main scenes, works on the facial expressions and gestures of the characters, and looks for interesting techniques that make a film stand out from the mass of others. He is engaged in storyboarding and coloring of the future film, animating the characters (working out their movements, drawing intermediate phases). Usually several specialists work on a cartoon, and each of them does their part of the work. (Appendix I I. Fig. 2).

Engineer. An engineer is a specialist with a higher technical education. Engineers work in many industries National economy: in factories, construction sites, mines, in military affairs, aviation, transport, development is carried out in research institutes. It turns out that engineers sculpt too. These are models of cars and devices. The model of the first space suit was also made from plasticine. (Appendix I I. Fig. 3).

Practical part.

While working with plasticine, I compiled a manual for working with it and offered it to my classmates.

1. While sculpting, you need to make sure that the plasticine does not fall on the floor or cover the floor with newspapers.

2. You should not put plasticine in your mouth, and while sculpting you should not touch your face, eyes or clothes with your hands.

3. After working with plasticine, you should wash your hands with soap. Do not touch notebooks, books and other accessories with hands dirty from plasticine, as greasy stains will remain on the objects.

4. Even small pieces of plasticine left over from work should not be thrown away, but should be put in a separate bag or Plastic container, as they may be useful for another craft.

5. A craft that didn’t work out should not be crushed into one lump; you need to carefully sort it by color, since pure colors can always be useful for another product.

6. Most successful work Can be photographed for home collection.

7. After modeling, you need to put away your workplace. The work board should be cleared of plasticine in a stack, and plasticine should be collected from the floor and, if possible, sorted by color or put into a separate container in which clean remnants of multi-colored plasticine are stored.

8. Place finished or unfinished crafts in a crafts box.

9. The stacks must be wiped with a clean rag and placed in a box or bag.

In industrial conditions, plasticine is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, ceresin, fat and other substances that prevent drying. Painted in various colors. (Appendix I I. Fig.4,5,6,7,8).

On the Internet, my mother and I found about 10 in various ways making plasticine at home. We decided to choose the most affordable one; its components can be found in any kitchen. We needed:

3.5 cups flour,

0.5 cups salt,

1 spoon of potato starch,

2.5 tablespoons vegetable oil or glycerin,

2 glasses of water,

food colorings,

1 tsp lemon juice or apple cider vinegar(for color fastness)

large mixing bowl and wooden spoon. Add food coloring to boiling water. Remove the water from the stove and add vinegar and oil to it. Mix the dry ingredients in a large bowl and slowly add the colored water and oil. Mix the mixture thoroughly using a wooden spoon. When the mixture has cooled, you need to knead it with your hands until it reaches a plastic consistency. This product can be stored in an airtight container indefinitely.

For comparison, we prepared plasticine using a different method. (Appendix III. Fig. 1,2,3) Ingredients: wax, glycerin and white clay (powder that actually had green tint). Instead of wax, we used paraffin from a melted candle. They poured it into dry clay. The paraffin quickly cooled and formed flakes. We added glycerin drop by drop and began to knead this mass with our fingers, which resembled dirt and was difficult to remove from our fingers. We got a lump dark green. It had a layered structure. When forming the “roll”, the mass did not show elastic properties, it broke and crumbled. Perhaps in this recipe you need to use wax, because... this is a component natural origin, will become soft and pliable from the warmth of your hands. Paraffin has an unpleasant smell, I do not recommend using it for children.

From the literature I learned that there are plasticine: ordinary children's plasticine, sculptural, wax, ball, ART plasticine, jumping, floating, edible. I decided to fulfill different types plasticine various products.

I made several crafts from ordinary plasticine. (Appendix III. Fig. 4)

I sculpted a horse from flesh-colored sculptural plasticine. (Appendix III. Fig. 5). I spent quite a lot of time making the body. I made the mane and tail from ordinary plasticine, because... I wanted to decorate and finish the craft as quickly as possible.

During fine arts classes at the children's club "Solnyshko" we made crafts from white, gray and brown clay. All my works are presented in photographs. (Appendix III. Fig. 6). Clay, like sculptural plasticine, must be softened before work. warm water. The advantage of white clay is its color (horse, in the style Dymkovo toys). What I liked most was working with gray clay, which you can buy in the store. The frog on the lily leaf is made of this material. Gray clay is smoother, more homogeneous, and gouache fits well on it. Brown clay is a natural material, it is very viscous and sticks to your hands. This type of craft (a kitten with a ball) takes a lot of paint and it does not apply evenly. All clay products must dry at least three days and only then should they be painted. I noticed that after drying, cracks appeared in my work. And while I was carrying them home, some parts broke off. Parts of the products can be glued together with PVA glue - and my animals were saved!

Unlike clay, plasticine remains soft and practically does not harden or dry out. It doesn't stick to your hands. Has a wide range of colors. Plasticine acquires different degrees of softness depending on the temperature, which allows you to continue working with it after any period of time.

I made a flower and a butterfly from fine-grained ball plasticine. (Appendix III. Fig. 7) I noticed that this plasticine sticks to my hands, has a strong smell, and the colors do not mix well. However, it is bright and light. After drying, the craft looks like a three-dimensional painting.

Conclusion.

In my work, I studied the history of the origin of plasticine, the variety of plasticine, drew up rules of conduct and precautions when working with plasticine, made plasticine at home and made products from plasticine. I came to the conclusion that sculptural plasticine is not suitable for children to work with, as it is too hard and has a small range of colors. Wax, ball, bounce, "Smart plasticine", floating - these types of plasticine are well suited for children's creativity. Edible plasticine is suitable for modeling only for children. Not suitable for schoolchildren for regular modeling. Soft ART plasticine is good for children to use for drawing on a plane. Hard ART plasticine is not suitable for everyday modeling. You can make souvenir works from it.

Plasticine has become very popular among animators due to its ease of use: it is easy to shape, it is flexible enough for the character to move, and it holds its shape well, especially if you use reinforcement. A striking example of this is the cartoon “Plasticine Crow”. I was very interested in the process of “revitalizing” plasticine figures, and I would like to next year create your own cartoon.

Literature.

Lebedeva E.G. Simple crafts made of paper and plasticine. - M.: Iris-press, 2005.- 175 p. : ill.- (Attention: children!)

Belova E. Figurines, toys and animals in different techniques: yarn, beads, plasticine, paper. Yaroslavl, 2013.- 111 p. : color ill.- (100 ideas for creativity)

Anistratova A. A. Crafts from plasticine and puff pastry. - M.: Institute of Innovations in Education, 2010. - 44 p.: ill. - (Developing Creative skills)

Card V.A. Fairy tales from plasticine. - St. Petersburg, 1997. - 157 p. : ill.- (Teach and educate, entertain)

Games made from plasticine // Gifts for friends: crafts from natural materials. - Smolensk: Rusich, 2002. - p.5-112

Appendix I

Rice. 1. William Harbutt Fig. 2. Franz Kolba.

Fig.3. Sculptor's workshop Fig. 4. Potter

Fig. 5. Architect. Fig.6. Military.

Fig.7. Wax relief map.

Appendix I I.

Fig.1. Orthodontist. Fig.2. Animator.

Fig.3. Engineer Fig. 4 Making plasticine

Rice. 5,6,7,8. Making plasticine.

Appendix I I I.

Fig.1,2,3. Making a product from plasticine.

Fig.4. From children's plasticine Fig.5. Horse made of sculptured plasticine

Fig.6. Clay products Fig.7. Products made from ball plasticine

Modeling is one of the interesting and fascinating types applied creativity. The deeper you comprehend the basics, the more something new opens up for you. I want to sculpt, taking an unusual approach to the selection of materials for work: shells, pebbles, fabric, fur, leather and much more are interesting to add to the dough. From this, the works acquire liveliness, originality and charm.

The controversial issue of the origin of plasticine.

First version.

In 1897, an English art school teacher, William Harbut, developed a new, familiar to all of us, plasticine, taking its original composition as a basis and adding plant-based paints to it. He then received a patent in 1899, and commercial production began at the Bathampton plant in 1900. The factory operated until a fire in 1968. Not only artists, but also William’s six children fell in love with “the clay that never dries,” as he initially called it. The original plasticine was gray (its exact formula is still a SECRET), but it went on sale in four colors, and was soon produced in many bright colors. The name “plasticin” was invented by the whole family.

Second version.

We have Joe McVicker of Cincinnati to thank for the clay. While working in a chemical factory, he patented a non-toxic wallpaper cleaner. He sent a sample of this substance to his relative, who worked as a kindergarten teacher. A woman replaced ordinary modeling clay with new material, which was more plastic, frost stained my hands. The Cincinnati Board of Education will soon require all... educational establishments use it in class.

Ball plasticine appeared quite recently. The unusualness of this material is that it consists of small balls connected by the finest adhesive threads. The colors of this plasticine mix well with each other, forming a multi-colored ball mass. Sculpting from ball plasticine is a pleasure, because it does not stick to your hands at all and is absolutely safe. Finished crafts dry within 24 hours.

There is also a very interesting plasticine that appeared quite recently, this is art plasticine or Klyuchnikov’s plasticine. Art plasticine comes in two types. Art - soft plasticine - suitable for making flat products - paintings, appliques. Art – “hard” or frame plasticine – suitable for making three-dimensional products, dolls, toys. Products made from this plasticine are rejected in everyday conditions. For example, in 15-20 minutes in hot water, an oven, under a table lamp or in a microwave oven.

Why is plasticine so popular? Why do we use plasticine and not clay or something else? What is its advantage?

Plasticine, unlike clay and wax, remains soft, practically does not harden and does not dry out. Unlike ceramics, it has a wide range of colors and does not stick to your hands. Plasticine acquires different degrees of softness depending on the temperature, which allows you to continue working with it after any period of time. It is made from purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of wax, lard and other substances that prevent drying. Painted in various colors. Serves for making sketch figures for sculptural works. Plasticine is used by children as a material for crafts. Playing with plasticine helps develop finger coordination.

For those who like to sculpt, there is a recipe for making “homemade plasticine” that will be absolutely harmless.

For this we need:

400 gr. flour, 200 gr. salt, 500 ml. boiling water, 1 tablespoon "alann" (this is a powder similar to gelatin, it is not harmful and is sold in the pharmacy) and 1 tablespoon sunflower oil.

Mix flour, salt and “alann” in one cup, pour boiling water and stir quickly, avoiding the formation of lumps. It is better to mix with a mixer. After pouring the water, add a tablespoon of oil. Add food coloring to boiling water large quantities so that the color becomes beautiful and rich. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer can no longer turn, you need to knead the mass thoroughly, like dough. And the plasticine is ready!

Homemade plasticine can be dried in air or in the microwave, varnished and even tasted (salty!). Homemade plasticine, wrapped in a bag, can be stored in the refrigerator for about a month. Finally, such plasticine should not wash out, stick and stain tables, floors, walls, clothes and hands!

Here's what you can make from plasticine:

BEAR IN THE LEN

V U L K A N

To make a volcano, which is completely safe and nevertheless very effective, you will need a plate, plasticine, baking soda, acetic acid (vinegar), dye (you can take fucorcin from home first aid kit or red food coloring, or beet juice), any dishwashing liquid.

We divide the plasticine into two parts and roll one of them into a flat “pancake” - the base of the volcano, and from the second we mold a hollow cone with a hole at the top (the slopes of the volcano). Having pinched both parts at the edges, you need to pour water inside and make sure that the “volcano” does not let it through from below. The volume of the internal cavity of the “volcano” should not be very large (100-200 ml is best, this is the capacity of a glass). The volcano on a plate is placed on a tray.

To “charge” the volcano with “lava”, prepare a mixture of dishwashing liquid (1 tablespoon), dry baking soda (1 tablespoon) and dye (a few drops are enough). Pour this mixture into the volcano, and then add vinegar (a quarter cup) there. A violent reaction begins with the release of carbon dioxide. Brightly colored foam emerges from the vent

Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Secondary educational school No. 5"

Plasticine story

Creative project

Completed by: 3rd grade student,

Sklyarov Dmitry

Head: Tatyana Gennadievna Demidenko,

teacher primary classes

Myski 2016

Introduction 3

I . Preparatory stage

1.1. What is plasticine……………………………………………………….5

1.2 Properties of plasticine…………………………………………………….6

1.3 Application of plasticine…………………………………………… …...7

1.4. Questionnaire…………………………………………………………..8-9

II . Main stage

2. 1. Developing an idea, choosing the best………………………………………10

2.2 Stages of completing the painting “Sailor”………………………….11-12

III . The final stage ……………………………………………… 13

Bibliography ……………………………………………………... 14

Application ……………………………………………………………… 15-18

Content

I'm ready to make the whole world a house, a car, two cats. Today I am the ruler -

I have plasticine.

Introduction

For most people on our planet, plasticine crafts are associated with childhood. This versatile material is traditionally used to develop fine motor skills, and subsequently artistic skills, as well as for making original and simple things.

I like working with plasticine. It is bright, soft, elastic, and most importantly, you can create absolutely anything from it: your own colorful world, full of adventures and unusual creatures. I already know how to sculpt all kinds of figures: dolls, animals, mysterious creatures. But I would like to know more about the possibilities of plasticine.

This is how it arosedesign concept making a picture from plasticine.

Objective of the project find out the capabilities of plasticine and master different techniques for working with it, creating a picture using the plasticine painting technique.

Project work plan:

Find out the origin of plasticine.

Establish the properties of plasticine based on experiment.

Exploretechniques for working with plasticine.

Master the techniqueplasticine painting

Replenish your “piggy bank” with new crafts,make a picture using the plasticine painting technique.

Presentation and defense of the project.

The topic of my creative work will probably be relevant for many years to come. Because making beautiful and useful objects from plasticine with your own hands arouses interest and brings satisfaction with the results of your work.

In working on the project, generally accepted methods of collecting and processing information were used.

I .Preparatory stage

The word "plasticine" originates from the Italian word plastilina, and from the Greek plastós, which means molded. The material for modeling, plasticine, has been known for a very long time; it was used to perform work back in the Middle Ages. Its original composition included purified and crushed clay powder with the addition of natural or mineral wax - ozokerite, lard and other substances. The history of plasticine begins with the controversial issue of authorship of the invention. There are two versions of the origin of the plasticine we now use. First version. We have Joe McVicker of Cincinnati to thank for the clay. While working in a chemical factory, he patented a non-toxic wallpaper cleaner. He sent a sample of this substance to his relative, who worked as a kindergarten teacher. During her classes, the woman replaced ordinary modeling clay with a new material that was more flexible and did not stain her hands. It is not known how he cleaned the wallpaper, but the children liked the substance, which did not stain their hands and was more flexible than clay. Soon the Cincinnati Board of Education required all schools to use it in the classroom. Commercial success came to plasticine in 1955, when large department stores paid attention to McVicker’s invention: customers literally swept jars of a whitish, pliable substance off the shelves in toy departments. Nowadays in plasticine sets you can find not only all the colors of the rainbow, but even silver and gold mass for modeling. Which became truly a goldmine for its inventor, Joe McVicker became a millionaire at the age of 27.

Main types of plasticine: (Annex 1)

ordinary children's plasticine, professional sculptural clay, art plasticine, bouncing (jumping)) , ball , hardening , "smart ».

1.2.Properties of plasticine

Plasticine is a popular material for modeling. Crafts made from plasticine have a number of advantages compared to clay products. I compared the properties of clay and plasticine:

Clay dries quickly, but plasticine does not dry and does not harden.

Clay crumbles and cracks, but plasticine does not.

Clay loses its quality during long-term storage, while plasticine has an unlimited shelf life.

Clay is a colorless material, and plasticine is colored.

Clay sticks strongly to your hands, but plasticine does not stick.

Clay - various worms and their larvae can live there, and plasticine is environmentally friendly and harmless.

Secrets of plasticine . This is plasticity; viscosity, “stickiness”; chroma. What good plasticine should be like:

easy to cut with a plastic knife;

quickly warm up in your hands and become soft;

do not crumble, but do not smudge;

don't melt;

easy to wash hands with warm water;

Have you ever wondered what plasticine is made from? But I got to thinking. At first I thought that plasticine consisted of some complex substances. However, while collecting material about plasticine, I learned its composition. It turned out to be not that complicated.

Plasticine is the same clay that people have been familiar with for several millennia. It is only technologically improved and more suitable for the manufacture of applied products. Therefore, in addition to fine purified clay powder, the composition of modern plasticine also includes dyes, wax, animal fat, ozokerite of petroleum origin and its derivative ceresin, as well as petroleum jelly and other substances that prevent the plasticine from drying out and hardening.

In addition to factory-made plasticine, there is also a homemade analogue. To make this material at home, you need to mix 200 grams of salt, 400 grams of flour and a tablespoon of pharmaceutical medical powder “alann” like gelatin in a mixer glass. Then you should pour half a liter of boiling water into it and quickly mix everything so that there are no lumps left. Next, you need to add 1 tablespoon of sunflower oil and a lot of bright food coloring to the mixture. When the mass becomes thick and the mixer can no longer mix it, you need to remove the plasticine from the glass and knead it thoroughly like dough. Keep it like this home material for modeling should be in a closed bag or jar.

1.3.Use of plasticine

After I studied all the literature on the topic, I decided to conduct a survey amongstudents of the 3rd grade of MBOU "Secondary School No. 5". The total number of respondents was 22 people. The age of the respondents was children from 8 to 9 years old.

Modeling in primary school: Book. for the teacher. From work experience. – 2nd ed., revised. –M.: Education, 1985.

Technology: secrets of the masters: 4th grade textbook educational institutions/ N. M. Konysheva. – 6th ed., revised. and additional – Smolensk: Association XXI Century, 2008.

Annex 1

Fig.1 Regular plasticineFig.2 Sculpted plasticine