Didactic games on arts and crafts. The use of didactic games in the process of familiarizing preschoolers with works of arts and crafts
municipal budgetary preschool educational institution
« Kindergarten combined type No. 190 "
Pedagogical piggy bank educator
"Card file of games to familiarize older preschoolers with folk arts and crafts"
teacher additional education:
Naldeeva Elena Nikolaevna
Orenburg
CARD OF GAMES:
1. Lay out a pattern of geometric shapes.
2. The third extra.
3. Colored droplets.
4. Finish the pattern on the rug.
5. Circle the element.
6. Circle and color.
7. Paired pictures.
8. Find a couple.
9. Decorative domino.
10. Collect the whole.
The game "Lay out a pattern of geometric shapes"
Target: teach children to make a pattern in a rectangular shape, consisting only of geometric shapes.
Material: a set of plant and geometric shapes, a paper rectangular shape (silhouettes of towels, paths, bookmarks).
Game progress.
The child is offered a set of plant and geometric shapes. You need to select geometric elements and lay out a pattern on a rectangular shape (silhouettes of a towel, paths, bookmarks).
The game "Third extra"
Target: to teach children to distinguish from three clay toys, one extra, belonging to another craft.
Material: two Dymkovo, Filimonov, Kargopol toys.
Game progress.
Children are offered in turn several options for combining toys: two Dymkovo toys and one Filimonov one; two Filimonov toys and one Kargopol one; two Kargopol toys and one Dymkovo. The child must say which two toys belong to the same craft, and which toy is superfluous. Ask your child to comment on their answer. Ask what these toys are called. In case of difficulty, the teacher names folk toys - Dymkovo, Filimonov, Kargopol.
The game "Colored droplets"
Target: teach children to identify and name the colors included in color scheme folk painting (Gzhel, Gorodets, Khokhloma).
Material: Gzhel, Gorodets, Khokhloma products.
Game progress.
Gzhel, Gorodets, Khokhloma products are exhibited in front of the children, then the teacher calls the crafts and asks the children to carefully consider the products. The teacher calls the different colors one by one. Children must determine which colors are included in Gzhel, Gorodets and Khokhloma painting. The one who gets the most chips wins (a chip is given for the correct answer).
The game "Finish the pattern on the rug"
Target: to teach when constructing a pattern to take into account the spatial elements between the elements, to observe symmetry and rhythm; develop creative abilities (self-compilation of patterns by children).
Material:
1. Colored cardboard cards of a square or rectangular shape, on which half of the pattern of plant forms is depicted in an applique way.
2. Cards for the first exercise: free colored cards, divided in half by a dotted line.
3. Cards for the 2nd exercise: colored cardboard cards, divided by a dotted line into 4 parts, one of which outlines ¼ of the pattern.
4. Cards for the 3rd exercise: "free" cards.
5. plant elements from colored cardboard for making patterns: flowers in two sizes with different form petals, leaves different color and forms laid out in low boxes with cells.
Game progress:
1. Each player receives a colored card with half a pattern and lays out the right or left side of the pattern of floral elements, exactly repeating their location, color and shape.
2. Two children receive one card without a pattern, divided in half by a dotted line. One child comes up with a pattern and applies half of it, the second exactly repeats this pattern on his half. Then they switch roles. The teacher evaluates the performance of the task. Notes the symmetry of the pattern, a beautiful combination of colors.
3. Each player receives a card with a contour image of ¼ of the pattern, puts colored elements on it and repeats the pattern in the remaining parts of the rug.
4. Each child receives a free square or rectangular card (optional) and he comes up with a pattern of plant shapes, in which his parts are rhythmically and symmetrically arranged. Children examine patterns from each other, the teacher notes their diversity.
Game "Circle the Element"
Target: to teach children the elements of Dymkovo painting, the technique of performing Dymkovo elements.
Material: sheets of paper with elements of the Dymkovo painting painted on them, a brush.
Game progress: the teacher offers the children to circle the elements with a dry brush, teaches the children to hold the brush correctly: with three fingers vertically with respect to a sheet of paper, if you need to draw a thin line or put a dot-pea.
Game: Trace and Color
Target:
- to continue to acquaint children with folk paintings of decorative and applied arts (“haze”);
- choose a form and paint it;
- develop fine motor skills fingers, aesthetic taste.
Material: various contour silhouettes of Dymkovo toys.
Game progress: invite the children to choose any silhouette and paint it.
Game: "Paired pictures"
Target:
- introduce children to the Dymkovo toy;
- develop attention, thinking, visual memory, the ability to analyze.
Material: pictures depicting Dymkovo toys.
Game progress: the teacher invites the children to choose the same for each picture, name the type of painting.
Game: "Find a Pair"
Target: teach children to navigate various types mural, develop thinking, attention.
Material: tea pairs (cup and saucer), painted under Dymka, Gorodets, Khokhloma, Gzhel.
Game progress: the teacher offers to choose a cup for each saucer (or vice versa) and name the type of painting.
Game: "Decorative dominoes"
Target:
To consolidate the knowledge of children about folk paintings, knowledge of their elements;
- develop attention, visual memory, the ability to analyze.
Material: 28 cards depicting elements of various murals.
Game progress: invite children to consider cards with elements of various paintings and collect them according to the domino principle.
Game: "Collect the whole"
Target:
- to teach children to navigate in various types of painting;
Develop thinking, attention, fine motor skills of the fingers;
To consolidate the knowledge of children about the history of some types of folk craft.
Material: planar silhouettes of products, painted under a haze, Gorodets, Khokhloma, Gzhel, cut into several parts.
Game progress: the teacher offers the children to assemble the products option: who is faster), name the type of painting.
Didactic games as a means of introducing older preschoolers to arts and crafts.
Pavlova Vera Valerievna, teacher of the special group of the Municipal Educational Institution "Bendery Kindergarten No. 9", the city of Bendery
Annotation: this selection didactic games useful for educators and educators primary school.
Purpose: these didactic games can be used when conducting GCD, in independent children's activities
Age audience: older preschool age(5-7 years).
Target: Development of children's interest in folk crafts and paintings; ability to identify and recognize them.
Tasks:
To develop children's interest in folk crafts and paintings through the use of didactic games.
Be able to distinguish between colors characteristic of various crafts (Gzhel, Gorodets, Khokhloma, haze).
Build attention, memory logical thinking at preschoolers.
summon positive emotions during play activities.
Cultivate love for decorative and applied creativity.
***
Preschoolers get acquainted with arts and crafts from early childhood: folk toys include elements of painting (berries, leaves, flowers), which is understandable and accessible to children. This kind of art introduces children to the customs and traditions of their people, enriches their understanding of the environment the world.
Didactic games help form cognitive interest and cognitive activity, to recognize the elements and characteristics of various paintings and to join the customs and traditions of the peoples living nearby.
Didactic game "Remember folk crafts"
Purpose of the game: introducing preschoolers to the types of folk crafts, the formation of attention and memory.
Game progress. You need 12 pairs of identical cards, which, before the start of the game, the leader shuffles and lays them out face down. Children take turns opening 2 cards. If both cards match, then the child takes them for himself. If one of the cards does not match, then the child puts both cards in the same place with the “shirt” up and the right to move passes to the next participant. Whoever has the most cards at the end of the game wins.
Didactic game "Count the items"
Target: recognition of folk paintings characteristics; agreement of nouns and adjectives with numerals; formation of perception, attention and long-term memory.
Game progress. The player receives a card with the depicted objects, counts them and names the type of painting. For example, I have three Khokhloma spoons, etc. ; For the correct answer, the child receives a token. The child with the most chips at the end of the game wins.
Didactic game "The Fourth Extra"
Target: strengthening the ability to find objects of various folk crafts, the development of perception, attention, memory, and the ability to prove one's point of view.
Material. Cards depicting four objects, made in various folk paintings.
Game progress. Players carefully examine their items depicted on the cards, find an extra item and explain why it is superfluous, which is typical for this type of painting.
Didactic game "Lotto - folk crafts"
Target: recognition of folk paintings by characteristic features (Gzhel, Gorodets, Khokhloma); formation of attention, speed of reaction.
Material. A set of cards (large and small) with a picture various items with different paintings (Gzhel, Khokhloma, Gorodets) in random order.
Game progress. One card is dealt out, on which various objects with paintings are depicted. The facilitator uses small cards with objects with different paintings. The first player to complete their card wins.
Didactic game "Where is the object with Gzhel (Dymkovo, Khokhloma) painting?"
Target: recognition of folk paintings by characteristic features (Gzhel, Gorodets, Dymkovo, Khokhloma), the formation of attention and logical thinking.
Game progress. Name where the object with the named painting is located (smoke, gorodets, Khokhloma, Gzhel).
Option: close the object with this painting with a chip. The winner is the one whose all the pictures are covered with chips.
Didactic game "Name what has changed"
Target: recognition of folk paintings by characteristic features (Gzhel, Gorodets, Dymkovo, Khokhloma) and the development of observation, long-term memory and speed of reaction, the ability to explain changes in the drawing.
Material. Items from various trades.
Game rules. The child who first noticed what has changed in the picture raises his hand and explains his answer. For a correct answer, he gets a token.
Game progress. In the picture there are 5 different objects with paintings. The facilitator shows the second picture, where there is no object. The task of the players is to guess which object is not in the picture and explain the answer.
Option. Items can be swapped.
Didactic game "Find the embroidery"
Purpose of the game: consolidation of knowledge about a variety of embroideries (Russian, Ukrainian, Moldavian), the formation of attention and logical thinking.
Game progress. It is necessary to fill the entire playing field with different pictures so that pictures do not repeat in each column, in each row and in each square of 3x3 cells.
I recommend teachers of preschool education organizations to use the proposed games in the classroom, leisure activities, quizzes, and in individual work.
Didactic games
to consolidate knowledge and skills aboutdecorative and applied arts.
Didactic game "Call it right"
Didactic task: To consolidate the knowledge of children about folk art crafts, their signs. The ability to find the right craft among others, justify your choice, compose a descriptive story.
Material and equipment. Tablet with the image of Russian folk crafts.
game rule . Children take turns asking each other a task and guessing which craft is depicted. It is encouraged if the child can name the fishery, its place of origin and characteristic features.
Didactic game "Guess what painting?"
Didactic task: To consolidate the ability of children to recognize and name this or that painting; be able to justify your choice, name the elements of the paintings, guess riddles. To instill in children a sense of pride in their native land - the land of craftsmen and craftsmen.
Material and equipment. Cards with the image of various patterns of paintings.
game rule . Children take turns asking each other the task, pointing to the card. The guesser must guess which trade is shown on the card. It is encouraged if the child can prove the correctness of his answer, i.e. name the elements of the painting, its color scheme.
Didactic game "Make a Khokhloma pattern"
Didactic task: To consolidate the ability of children to make Khokhloma patterns using the application method. Fix the name of the elements of the painting (“sedges”, “blades of grass”, “trefoils”, “droplets”, “kriul”). Maintain interest in the Khokhloma craft.
Material and equipment: Stencils for dishes of Khokhloma paper products in yellow, red, black colors, a set of elements of Khokhloma painting.
game rule . Children are offered a set of elements of Khokhloma painting, from which they must lay out a pattern on a stencil on a stencil of dishes using the appliqué method.
Board game "Domino"
Didactic task: To consolidate the knowledge of children about arts and crafts - a toy; the ability to find the right toy and justify your choice. To consolidate knowledge about the manufacture of folk toys and the features of each. Cultivate love for beauty.
Material and equipment: Cards are divided in half. On each side of the card there is a picture with a fishery.
game rule . Finding the right pictures, following the order. The winner is the one who first completes the selection of pictures, puts them according to the rule: Filimonovo toy to Filimonov toy, Kargopol toy to Kargopol, etc.
Didactic game "Guess and tell"
Didactic task: To consolidate children's knowledge about folk toys, as one of the forms of folk arts and crafts; to recognize the toy from the image, to be able to explain your choice, to highlight the elements of the painting, its color and composition of the pattern on the product. Develop aesthetic taste.
Material and equipment: Cards with the image of handicrafts.
Game rule. Children take turns pulling out a card from each other and guessing what kind of toy is depicted. It is encouraged if the child can prove the correctness of his answer.
Didactic game "Gorodets patterns"
Didactic task: the ability of children to make Gorodets patterns, recognize the elements of painting, remember the order in which the pattern is made, choose their own color and shade for it, develop their imagination, the ability to use the knowledge gained to compose a composition.
Material and equipment. Stencils for Gorodets paper products yellow color(chopping boards, dishes, etc.), a set of elements of Gorodets painting (paper stencils)
Game rule. Children are offered a set of plant elements and figures of a horse and a bird. They must lay out the pattern on the stencil using the applique method.
Didactic game "Paint a scarf"
Didactic task: To consolidate children's knowledge about the art of the Russian shawl. To develop aesthetic taste in children, to teach how to make simple patterns from various decorative elements (flowers, leaves, buds, twigs, etc.), the ability to select the color scheme of the pattern.
Material and equipment. Square stencils for shawls of different colors (red, blue, yellow, white, etc.), plant and flower elements.
Game rule. Children are offered a set of plant and flower elements, from which they must lay out a pattern on a stencil to decorate a shawl using the appliqué method.
Didactic game "Artistic clock"
Didactic task: To consolidate the knowledge of children about folk art crafts; find the right fishery among others and justify your choice.
Material and equipment. Clock tablet. Instead of numbers, pictures depicting different crafts are pasted. Cube and chips.
game rule . The player rolls the die and counts how many points he has. Counts the required amount with an arrow (the countdown starts from the top, in the picture instead of the number 12). You need to tell about the fishery pointed to by the arrow. If you answer correctly, you get a chip. The one with the most chips wins.
Didactic game "Collect the Gzhel rose"
Purpose: Didactic task: To consolidate the ability of children to make a Gzhel rose using the application method based on Gzhel painting, to maintain interest in the Gzhel industry.
Material and equipment. Elements of the Gzhel rose.
Game rule. Children must collect a Gzhel rose using these elements using the application method. The one who first folded the Gzhel rose wins.
Didactic games "Assemble the matryoshka".
Didactic task:
Material and equipment. Nesting dolls, divided into several parts.
game rule. Assemble a whole nesting doll from separate parts. The winner is the one who collected the most nesting dolls.
"Find a Matryoshka House"
Didactic task: To consolidate children's knowledge about the folk toy - matryoshka; the ability to assemble a nested doll from parts according to the mosaic method. Highlight decoration items. To cultivate respect and love for folk art.
Material and equipment. A card with silhouettes of nesting dolls - their houses, nesting dolls are different in size.
game rule . Correctly "settle" nesting dolls in their houses.
Didactic games and exercises, being both a method and a form of learning, are a specific tool in pedagogical process, a means of comprehensive development of a child of preschool age. Didactic game promotes development. A child included in the situation of the game learns educational material much easier. Willingly, without coercion, children perform game rules and actions, which contributes to a more effective assimilation of knowledge, the formation of ideas, mastery of skills and abilities.
"DEPLOY THE PICTURES"
(To identify, consolidate or form knowledge about the products of masters of arts and crafts).
Didactic task: distinguish and name samples of products of Belarusian and Russian arts and crafts, determine the materials from which they are made; classify depending on belonging to the Belarusian or Russian crafts.
Material: 2 volumetric paper dolls-girls (made on the basis of paper cones) in Russian and Belarusian national clothes; a set of cards depicting products of Belarusian and Russian masters (20-26 pieces): clay toys, matryoshka dolls, caskets, wooden spoons, decorative plates, straw and linen dolls, embroidered items, etc.
First option (to reveal ideas about the arts and crafts of Belarus and Russia).
Two children take part in the game. Dolls are laid out in front of one of them, and the other receives a set of cards. One child shows a card, and the second must say what is depicted on it and what material it is made of, and then put the card near one of the dolls.
The adult fixes the result and invites the children to switch roles. The game continues, at the end the teacher summarizes its results.
Second option (to consolidate and form knowledge about the arts and crafts of Belarus and Russia).
Two or more children can take part in the game. The cards are shuffled and laid out on the table. front side up. On a signal (verbal, musical, or other), the children must quickly pick up the appropriate items for the dolls. The winner is the one who completes the task faster and more correctly.
Note
When conducting collective games With large quantity children need to increase the number of dolls and cards with products. By increasing the size of the dolls and cards, you can play on the floor and include it in activity games.
Third option (to consolidate and form knowledge, ideas).
6-8 children play (2 teams of 2-4 people). Dolls are placed at some distance from one another. The cards are shuffled and placed face down on the table. Children from the first team take a card, examine it and, without showing it, describe the object depicted on it. Children from the second team should guess what is shown on the card from the description and decide which of the dolls this item should be given to. They place the examined card next to the doll they have chosen. The next card is described by children from another team. After all the cards have been examined and laid out near the dolls, the children are invited to check everything. The team whose children correctly described the cards and laid them out near each doll wins.
Note
Each team should have two dolls in Belarusian and Russian costumes.
"CONTINUE THE SERIES"
(To reveal knowledge about Belarusian and Russian patterns).
The purpose of the didactic game: to reveal children's ideas about the nature of the Belarusian and Russian (Dymkovo and Khokhloma painting) patterns, skills in depicting painting elements.
Material: a set of cards (one for all participants), each of which is divided into 3 strips. In the upper part of each strip, two decorative elements are depicted: on one - Belarusian, on the other - Dymkovo, on the third - Khokhloma; multi-colored pencils or felt-tip pens; 2-4 dolls in Belarusian and Russian costumes.
Note
If necessary, it is allowed before the start of the exercise to clarify the patterns to which the elements depicted on the cards belong; the task can be complicated - invite 2-3 players to compete, who will remember and draw more elements of Belarusian and Russian patterns. When performing a game task, children should sit so as not to see each other's work.
"MAKE A PICTURE"
(To consolidate knowledge about the products of Belarusian craftsmen made from traditional materials).
Didactic task: to consolidate ideas about the products of Belarusian crafts, classify them according to their belonging to the traditional material from which they are made; activate the sense of form and color.
Material: 6-9 cards (25x25 cm) with the image of objects of decorative and applied art of Belarus: from clay (toys, jewelry, dishes, etc.), from straw (dolls, birds, animals, household items, decorative items), from flax (dolls , napkins, flowers, etc.). Pictures depicting products are cut into several parts, 6-9 pictures of the same size depicting only the contours of products, which are placed on the cut cards.
Children are invited to compose one or two pictures from parts so that an object appears, the outline of which is shown on the card held by the player.
Note
An element of competition can be introduced into the game - who will make a picture faster (several pictures); cut parts of pictures and pictures with a contour image of objects can be used for exercises in individual work.
"FIND SUCH A PATTERN"
(To identify and form knowledge about the elements of the Belarusian pattern).
Didactic task: recognize and name the elements of the Belarusian pattern, find them and fragments of the same patterns of different objects. Contribute to the activation of the ideas that are in the experience of children.
Material: 7 cards, which depict samples of patterns with elements of the Belarusian ornament; 14 silhouette images of objects, of which each two (different in shape) have the same patterns corresponding to one of the samples (Fig. 3).
First option (one or more children participate).
The cards are laid out face down on the table. The silhouettes of objects painted with patterns are placed on the shelf of the stand facing the children. The child is invited to take one of the cards, carefully examine the patterns on it and choose from the silhouettes placed on the shelf objects that have the same pattern.
Second option (several children participate).
The child chooses one of the cards and, without showing it to the other children, describes the pattern shown on one of the strips of the card. The other participant(s) of the game must quickly find one or two silhouette objects decorated with the pattern described and place the card next to it.
Third option (Two teams participate).
The cards are placed on the shelves of the stand at a great distance from one another. Silhouettes of objects are distributed equally to each team. One child from a team describes aloud any of the patterns on the card, the children of the second team should consider their silhouettes. Those who have the same pattern on their objects quickly place their object silhouettes next to the described card.
If everything is done correctly, the card must be rotated reverse side to children (so that they do not repeatedly describe the same pattern). The child from the second team describes the card next, and the game proceeds in the order described above until the children run out of cards. The team whose children completed the task faster and more correctly wins.
Note
When organizing a didactic game with elements of competition, you can mark each correct answer, correct execution tasks with a chip and invite the children at the end of the game to count them themselves.
"MIRACLE BIRD"
(For the formation and consolidation of knowledge in the field of arts and crafts).
The purpose of the didactic game: to form knowledge about the Belarusian and Russian arts and crafts; group silhouette images according to belonging to the Belarusian and Russian patterns.
Material: 3 silhouettes of a bird, each with a painted wing in Belarusian, Dymkovo and Khokhloma patterns; feathers are marked in place of the tail (5-6 for each bird); a set of feathers cut out of thick paper (15-18 pieces) and decorated with the same patterns that adorn the wings of each bird.
First option (the task is performed by one child).
The child is invited to return any of the birds' tail feathers that the evil Hurricane took away, and turn it back into a beautiful miracle bird. To do this, the child must choose those feathers that fit her wing according to the pattern, and arrange them on the tail so that they match the shape and size of the contour feathers drawn on the tail, comment on their choice.
Second option (small group of children playing).
At the verbal signal “Feather”, each of the children begins to choose feathers for their bird and make a tail out of them. The winner is the one who correctly selects the feathers according to the pattern and completes the task faster.
"SOUVENIR SHOP"
On the formation and consolidation of ideas about the nature of the Russian (, Khokhloma and Gzhel) and Belarusian.
Didactic task: recognize and name familiar elements of Belarusian and Russian patterns; exercise in the classification of objects, products depicted on the cards, according to their belonging to the Belarusian or Russian arts and crafts.
Material: a set of cards depicting products of Belarusian craftsmen made from traditional materials (clay, straw, linen, thread, wood, etc.) - 10-12 pieces; a set of cards depicting products decorated with Dymkovo, Khokhloma and Gzhel paintings - 10-13 pieces. Instead of cards with images of products, natural objects should be used whenever possible; 4 tables equipped in the form of podiums covered with napkins, a set of cubes and bars of various sizes - stands for products (or 4 stands with shelves if the game is played with pictures); a parcel box with a letter and items hidden in it (or replacement cards).
First option
In this case, you can reduce the number of cards or items.
A child (several children) receives a game task: all products must be distributed for 4 showcases, i.e. into 4 groups, and on what basis to divide them, he must guess himself. If the child does not cope with the task, the teacher can provide the child with the necessary assistance.
Second option (a subgroup of children can take part in the game-lesson).
After the distribution of products (pictures), the children are divided into 4 subgroups and invited to take part in advertising the products of the souvenir shop. Each subgroup draws up its showcase using certain products (cards), comes up with the name of the showcase, barkers, makes an emblem, advertising, using specially prepared materials (scissors, paper, glue, felt-tip pens, markers, colored paper, clippings from old magazines, postcards, etc. .).
After window dressing, you can organize advertising products with the help of Belarusian and Russian songs, dances, poems, ditties.
"BUTTERFLIES"
(To fix the elements of the pattern of the Belarusian and Russian ornament).
Didactic task: stimulate the manifestation of the ability to independently analyze the elements of the Belarusian and Russian patterns and their composition, supplement the image with the missing parts according to common ground- the nature of the pattern.
Material: 12 butterflies made of thick paper or cardboard, in which only one pair of wings located on one side is painted with a pattern; 26 wings, 12 of which are decorated with the same patterns as butterfly wings; sets of felt-tip pens or pencils.
First option (one child or a small group of children takes part).
A game situation is created: an evil sorceress has bewitched butterflies, and each of them has lost the pattern on two wings. Butterflies can be helped if among the wings laid out on the table you find the same ones as those left by the butterflies, and close the unpainted parts of the wings with them.
Second option (Multiple children participate)
Children are given 2-3 butterflies each. Elements of competition are introduced: who will quickly find wings for their butterflies. The one who does it correctly and quickly wins.
Note
After the game, it is advisable to distribute the butterflies and offer to finish the pattern on the wings, repeating the pattern depicted on one of the halves of the butterfly.
"WHO IS BIGGER?"
(on the formation or consolidation of skills to find similarities and differences in decorative compositions).
The purpose of the didactic game: find similarities and differences in simple decorative compositions, including elements of Belarusian and Russian patterns, exercise in their recreation.
Material: 6-8 cards with decorative compositions drawn in color. On one half of the cards there are patterns that include elements of the Belarusian ornament, on the remaining cards - patterns that include elements of the Russian pattern (Dymkovo and Khokhloma paintings); sheets of paper, sets of felt-tip pens or colored pencils.
First option (Children can sit next to each other).
Two cards are shown with Belarusian patterns equal in composition. Children take turns calling the differences in the patterns, then their similarities (by the use of elements, by their location, color, etc.). The winner is the one who is the last to name any sign of difference or similarity.
Second option (2-4 children participate). Each of the children is given two cards with variable patterns, including the same and different elements. One child must have only Belarusian or only Russian pattern on both cards. It is proposed to consider your cards and draw on pieces of paper all the elements of the pattern that are not repeated on the cards (or, conversely, depict only those elements that are repeated on two cards of the child).
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1 USING DIDACTIC GAMES IN THE PROCESS OF INTRODUCING PRESCHOOL CHILDREN WITH WORKS OF DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART Guidelines Compiled by: teacher of the preschool department of the GBOU School 950 Lyubov Vladimirovna Yaralova Folk art is always understood and loved by everyone, it is the property of not only adults, but also children. Introducing children to objects folk art occurs in early childhood. Young children like to play with both wooden nesting dolls and clay figurines of Kargopol and Dymkovo toys. Filimonov's whistles, carved wooden Bogorodsk toys-fun bring great joy to children. Folk art is accessible to children's perception, as it carries an understandable content, reveals the beauty of the world around it, it is figurative, colorful, original in its design. Ornaments of folk toys include berries, leaves, flowers that children meet in nature. Introducing children to arts and crafts is important condition development creativity, artistic taste, general artistic culture of preschool children. Folk art enriches the child, it has moral, cognitive, aesthetic values. Children in an accessible form learn the customs of their people, join native culture. Under the influence of folk art objects, children perceive illustrations for Russian folk tales more deeply, folk toys influence the design during modeling, enrich the idea of the world around them. Classes with the use of folk art items develop mental activity, have an impact on the comprehensive development of children. Introducing preschoolers to decorative art, we rely on the principle "from simple to complex".
2 We begin to introduce children to folk crafts in the second younger group. In this group, children receive initial visual skills, but the main goal is not to create a pattern, but to consolidate the ability to draw straight lines in different directions. At this age, it is important to arouse interest in folk art. We teach how to decorate paper silhouettes of Dymkovo and Filimonovo toys with simple patterns, introduce the Bogorodsk toy. We draw the attention of children to the brightness of the patterns, encourage them to highlight the shape, color. In the middle group, we form the ability to create decorative composition based on the Dymkovo toy, place the pattern on paper, highlight the elements of the painting. We add the Kargopol toy, ceramic dishes. In the senior group, we continue to form the ability to make a pattern based on folk art. We draw the attention of children to the features of each type of painting, introduce new types of decorative art. AT preparatory group children have access to various types of folk crafts. Developing the ability to create patterns based on familiar paintings, we introduce children to new types: Gzhel dishes, paintings by Zhostovo masters, Pavlovo Posad shawls, etc. Acquaintance with arts and crafts is mainly carried out in the classroom for fine arts. Children, under the guidance of a teacher, examine handicrafts, draw, mold according to the proposed samples. But acquaintance with folk art cannot fit into the time intended for classes, so we use a variety of forms of work.
3 An important point we consider the creation of conditions conducive to the development of applied activities. First of all, it is the presence necessary materials: paints, illustrations, brushes, literature. In our group, we have collected a collection of various folk crafts. Most of the products are stored in the pedagogical closet and are used not only in the classroom, but also for independent activity. To this end, we place objects of folk art in the corner for fine arts, here we also place books with illustrations, coloring books, stencils, and didactic games. Given that the game is the leading activity of preschoolers, increases interest in activities and contributes to a more complete assimilation of the material, I considered it appropriate to compile a cycle of didactic games that will help children enrich and consolidate children's knowledge of arts and crafts. The materials brought to your attention contain the author's interpretation of well-known techniques, and can be used to work with children. different ages. “Find a house for a toy” To consolidate knowledge about three types of toys: Dymkovo, Kargopol, Filimonov. The child is offered cards depicting types of toys and is asked to find a "house" for each type of toy. A box with a certain type of painting can serve as a house. "Pick up a pattern" Learn to find the appropriate pattern for Gorodets painting.
4 Children are offered a paper silhouette of a Gorodets product, ready-made elements of Gorodets painting cut out of paper and other elements that are not typical for this painting. The child needs to make a pattern, eliminating unnecessary elements. “Find a friend” To consolidate knowledge about the Bogorodsk and Filimonovo toys, to teach them to see their difference. The teacher gives the children cards with the image of folk toys. Children move to a calm melody in all directions, when the nature of the melody changes, the children are looking for their mate. You can ask the children to explain why he chose this or that pair for himself. Then change cards. You can give cards with other types of products. "Pick up a pattern" Find a pattern that matches a certain type of painting. The teacher gives the children paper frames, in the form of silhouettes of products of various folk crafts and inserts with patterns, and suggests choosing an insert for each frame.
5 "Fold the picture" Make a whole out of parts and correctly determine the type of folk craft. The teacher gives the children an envelope with split pictures of folk products, offers to assemble the whole and give correct name. Types of painting may be different depending on age. "Find the extra" To consolidate knowledge about familiar folk crafts, develop thinking, attention. The teacher lays out 4-5 cards on the table with the image of objects of a certain type of folk craft, among them there is one item of another type of folk craft. The child is asked to find one extra item.
6 "What has changed?" To consolidate the idea of the types of decorative art, to develop observation, attention. There are 4-5 products of different crafts on the table. The child closes his eyes, the teacher at this time swaps 2 objects. The child is invited to guess and name which products have changed places. By analogy, the game “What is missing?” is played. “What the artist confused” To consolidate the children's idea of characteristics different types arts and crafts, to develop observation. The teacher invites the child to carefully examine the picture depicting a folk painting, which includes elements of another folk painting. The child is invited to find a discrepancy and explain how it is expressed. "Draw what the artist forgot to draw"
7 Learn to analyze, find the missing elements in the patterns, arouse the desire to finish the pattern. The teacher offers the child Gorodets or Khokhloma painting, which lacks some elements of painting, for example, animation. The child is invited to correct the mistake of the artist and finish the missing elements. Pay attention to the result, how the pattern has changed and “came to life”. "Art Salon" To consolidate knowledge about known species folk crafts, to encourage to describe objects, naming their characteristic features. There are various products on display. The child-buyer must describe the item in detail without pronouncing its name: the material from which the product is made, the shape, colors, pattern elements, how the item can be used, etc. The seller must recognize this item from the description, name it and hand it over to the buyer. "Guess the object, and I will guess" The game is played by analogy with the game "salon". The child-buyer thinks of an object and does not name it. The child-seller must guess with the help of questions. But the first child can only answer yes and no questions. Example: - Is this product made of clay? - Not. - Is it made of wood? - Yes. - Its pattern on a black background? - Not. - His pattern on a yellow background? - Yes. - Is this a Gorodets box? - Yes. The seller hands over the purchase to the buyer. Our experience shows that systematic work in this direction broadens the horizons of children. They learn about the talent of their native people, learn to make patterns based on folk art, sculpt, draw. Children's products
8 are used to decorate the interior of the group, for gifts to friends and relatives. They are glad that others like their work, they develop an interest in work, and self-esteem increases. We recommend that teachers of preschool departments use the proposed games in the classroom, leisure activities, quizzes, and in individual work.
DIDACTIC GAMES FOR ACQUAINTING CHILDREN 5-7 YEARS OLD WITH RUSSIAN FOLK DECORATIVE AND APPLIED ART D / and "Call it right" Purpose: To consolidate the knowledge of children about folk art crafts, their features.
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