What is included in the Air Force? Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

The Air Force includes the following types of troops:

• aviation (types of aviation - bomber, attack, fighter aircraft air defense, reconnaissance, transport and special),
• anti-aircraft missile forces,
• radio technical troops,
• special troops,
• units and institutions of the rear.

Bomber aircraft has long-range (strategic) and front-line (tactical) bombers in service various types. It is designed to defeat troop groups, destroy important military, energy facilities and communications centers primarily in the strategic and operational depths of enemy defenses. The bomber can carry bombs of various calibers, both conventional and nuclear, as well as air-to-surface guided missiles.

Attack aircraft Designed for air support of troops, destruction of manpower and objects primarily at the front line, in the tactical and immediate operational depth of the enemy, as well as combating enemy aircraft in the air.

One of the main requirements for an attack aircraft is high accuracy in hitting ground targets. Weapons: large-caliber guns, bombs, rockets.

Fighter aircraft air defense is the main maneuverable force of the air defense system and is designed to cover the most important directions and objects from enemy air attack. She is capable of destroying the enemy at maximum ranges from defended objects.

The air defense aviation is armed with air defense fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, special and transport aircraft and helicopters.

Reconnaissance aircraft intended for maintaining aerial reconnaissance enemy, terrain and weather, can destroy hidden enemy objects.

Reconnaissance flights can also be carried out by bomber, fighter-bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. For this purpose, they are specially equipped with photographic equipment for day and night photography at various scales, radio and radar stations with high resolution, heat direction finders, sound recording and television equipment, magnetometers.

Reconnaissance aviation is divided into tactical, operational and strategic reconnaissance aviation.

Transport aviation designed for the transportation of troops, military equipment, weapons, ammunition, fuel, food, airborne landings, evacuation of the wounded, sick, etc.

Special aviation designed for long-range radar detection and guidance, refueling aircraft in the air, conducting electronic warfare, radiation, chemical and biological protection, control and communications, meteorological and technical support, rescuing crews in distress, evacuating the wounded and sick.

Anti-aircraft missile forces designed to protect the country's most important facilities and troop groups from enemy air strikes.

They constitute the main firepower of the air defense system and are armed with anti-aircraft guns. missile systems and anti-aircraft missile systems for various purposes, possessing great firepower and high accuracy in destroying enemy air attack weapons.

Radio technical troops- the main source of information about the air enemy and are intended for conducting radar reconnaissance, monitoring the flights of their aircraft and compliance by aircraft of all departments with the rules for the use of airspace.

They provide information about the beginning of an air attack, combat information for anti-aircraft missile forces and air defense aviation, as well as information for controlling formations, units and air defense units.

Radio technical troops are armed with radar stations and radar systems, capable at any time of the year and day, regardless of meteorological conditions and interference, detect not only air, but also surface targets.

Communication units and subdivisions designed for deployment and operation of communication systems in order to ensure command and control of troops in all types of combat activities.

Electronic warfare units and units designed to interfere with airborne radars, bomb sights, communications and radio navigation of enemy air attack systems.

Units and subdivisions of communications and radio engineering support designed to provide control of aviation units and subunits, aircraft navigation, takeoff and landing of aircraft and helicopters.

Units and subdivisions engineering troops , and units and divisions of radiation, chemical and biological protection designed to perform the most complex engineering and chemical support tasks, respectively.

After the adoption of the SAP-2020 officials quite often they talk about the rearmament of the Air Force (or, more broadly, the supply of aviation systems to the RF Armed Forces). At the same time, the specific parameters of this rearmament and the size of the Air Force by 2020 are not directly stated. In view of this, many media outlets present their forecasts, but they are presented, as a rule, in tabular form - without arguments or calculation systems.

This article is just an attempt at forecasting combat personnel Russian Air Force by the specified date. All information was collected from open sources - from media materials. There are no claims to absolute accuracy, because the ways of the State... ...defense order in Russia are inscrutable, and are often a secret even for those who form it.

Total strength of the Air Force

So, let's start with the main thing - the total number of the Air Force by 2020. This number will be made up of newly built aircraft and their modernized “senior colleagues.”

In his program article, V.V. Putin indicated that: “... In the coming decade, the troops will receive... more than 600 modern aircraft, including fifth-generation fighters, over a thousand helicopters" At the same time, the current Minister of Defense S.K. Shoigu recently provided slightly different data: “... By the end of 2020, we will receive about two thousand new aviation complexes from industrial enterprises, including 985 helicopters».

The numbers are of the same order, but there are differences in details. What is this connected with? For helicopters, delivered vehicles may no longer be taken into account. Some changes in the parameters of the GPV-2020 are also possible. But only they will require changes in financing. Theoretically, this is facilitated by the refusal to resume production of the An-124 and a slight reduction in the number of helicopters purchased.

S. Shoigu mentioned, in fact, no less than 700-800 aircraft (we subtract helicopters from the total number). Article by V.V. This does not contradict Putin (more than 600 aircraft), but “more than 600” does not really correlate with “almost 1000”. And money for the “extra” 100-200 vehicles (even taking into account the refusal of “Ruslans”) will need to be raised additionally, especially if you purchase fighters and front-line bombers (with an average price of the Su-30SM of 40 million dollars per unit, it will be astronomical the figure is up to a quarter of a trillion rubles for 200 vehicles, despite the fact that the PAK FA or Su-35S are more expensive).

Thus, it is most likely that purchases will increase due to cheaper combat training Yak-130 (especially since it is very necessary), attack aircraft and UAVs (it seems that work has intensified, according to media materials). Although the additional purchase of Su-34 up to 140 units. can also happen. Now there are about 24 of them. + about 120 Su-24M. There will be – 124 pcs. But to replace front-line bombers in the 1 x 1 format, another dozen and a half Su-34s will be required.

Based on the data provided, it seems appropriate to take average figures of 700 aircraft and 1000 helicopters. Total – 1700 boards.

Now let's move on to the modernized technology. In general, by 2020 the share of aircraft new technology should be 70%. But this percentage is for different kinds and types of troops are not the same. For the Strategic Missile Forces - up to 100% (sometimes they say 90%). For the Air Force, figures were given at the same 70%.

I also admit that the share of new equipment will “reach” 80%, but not due to an increase in its purchases, but due to a greater write-off of old machines. However, this article uses a 70/30 ratio. Therefore, the forecast turns out to be moderately optimistic. By simple calculations (X=1700x30/70), we get (approximately) 730 modernized sides. In other words, the strength of the Russian Air Force by 2020 is planned to be in the region of 2430-2500 aircraft and helicopters.

It seems like we have sorted out the total number. Let's move on to specifics. Let's start with helicopters. This is the most covered topic, and deliveries are already in full swing.

Helicopters

By attack helicopters it is planned to have 3 (!) models - (140 pcs.), (96 pcs.), as well as Mi-35M (48 pcs.). A total of 284 units were planned. (not including some vehicles lost in aircraft accidents).

Home Structure Russian Armed Forces Air Force Structure Aviation

Aviation

Air Force Aviation (AVVS) according to its purpose and tasks to be solved, it is divided into long-range, military transport, operational-tactical and army aviation, which include: bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance, transport and special aviation.

Organizationally, Air Force aviation consists of air bases that are part of Air Force formations, as well as other units and organizations directly subordinate to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force.

Long-Range Aviation (YES) is a means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces Russian Federation and is designed to solve strategic (operational-strategic) and operational tasks in theaters of military operations (strategic directions).

The DA formations and units are armed with strategic and long-range bombers, tanker aircraft and reconnaissance aircraft. Operating primarily in strategic depth, DA formations and units perform the following main tasks: defeating air bases (airfields), missile systems ground-based, aircraft carriers and other surface ships, objects from enemy reserves, military-industrial facilities, administrative and political centers, energy facilities and hydraulic structures, naval bases and ports, command posts associations of armed forces and operational centers air defense control in the theater of military operations, ground communications facilities, landing troops and convoys; mining from the air. Part of the YES forces may be involved in conducting aerial reconnaissance and carrying out special tasks.

Long-range aviation is a component of strategic nuclear forces.

DA formations and units are based taking into account its operational-strategic purpose and tasks from Novgorod in the west of the country to Anadyr and Ussuriysk in the east, from Tiksi in the north and to Blagoveshchensk in the south of the country.

The basis of the aircraft fleet is the Tu-160 and Tu-95MS strategic missile carriers, Tu-22M3 long-range missile carrier-bombers, Il-78 tanker aircraft and Tu-22MR reconnaissance aircraft.

The main armament of the aircraft: long-range aircraft cruise missiles and operational-tactical missiles in nuclear and conventional configuration, as well as aerial bombs various purposes and calibers.

A practical demonstration of the spatial indicators of the combat capabilities of the DA command are air patrol flights of Tu-95MS and Tu-160 aircraft in the area of ​​​​the island of Iceland and the Norwegian Sea; on North Pole and to the Aleutian Islands region; along east coast South America.

Regardless organizational structure, in which long-range aviation exists and will exist, the combat strength, characteristics of the aircraft and weapons available in service, the main task of long-range aviation on the scale of the Air Force should be considered both nuclear and non-nuclear deterrence probable opponents. In the event of the outbreak of war, the DA will carry out tasks to reduce the military-economic potential of the enemy, destroy important military installations, and disrupt state and military control.

Analysis modern views on the purpose of the aircraft, the tasks assigned to it, the predicted conditions for their implementation show that at present and in the future, long-range aviation continues to be the main one impact force Air Force.

Main directions of development of long-range aviation:

• maintaining and increasing operational capabilities to carry out assigned tasks within strategic forces deterrence and forces general purpose through modernization of Tu-160, Tu-95MS, Tu-22MZ bombers with service life extension;
• creating a promising aviation complex long-range aviation (PAK DA).

Military transport aviation (MTA) is a means of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and is intended to solve strategic (operational-strategic), operational and operational-tactical tasks in theaters of military operations (strategic directions).

The military transport aircraft Il-76MD, An-26, An-22, An-124, An-12PP, and Mi-8MTV transport helicopters are in service with the formations and units of the Military Aviation Administration. The main tasks of military aviation formations and units are: landing of units (units) Airborne troops from operational (operational-tactical) airborne assault forces; delivery of weapons, ammunition and materiel to troops operating behind enemy lines; ensuring maneuver of aviation formations and units; transportation of troops, weapons, ammunition and materiel; evacuation of the wounded and sick, participation in peacekeeping operations. Includes air bases, units and units of special forces.

Part of the BTA forces may be involved in performing special tasks.

The main directions of development of the military transport aviation: maintaining and increasing capabilities to ensure the deployment of the Armed Forces in various theaters of operations, airborne landings, transportation of troops and materiel by air through the purchase of new Il-76MD-90A and An-70, Il-112V aircraft and modernization of Il-76 aircraft MD and An-124.

Operational-tactical aviation designed to solve operational (operational-tactical) and tactical tasks in operations (combat actions) of groupings of troops (forces) in theaters of military operations (strategic directions).

Army Aviation (AA) designed to solve operational-tactical and tactical tasks during army operations (combat operations).

Bomber Aviation (BA), armed with strategic, long-range and operational-tactical bombers, is the main strike weapon of the Air Force and is designed to destroy enemy troop groups, aviation, naval forces, destroy its important military, military-industrial, energy facilities, communications centers, conduct air reconnaissance and mining from the air, mainly in strategic and operational depth.

Assault Aviation (AS), armed with attack aircraft, is a means of air support for troops (forces) and is intended to destroy troops, ground (sea) objects, as well as enemy aircraft (helicopters) at home airfields (sites), conduct aerial reconnaissance and mine mining from the air primarily at the forefront, in tactical and operational-tactical depth.

Fighter Aviation (IA), armed with fighter aircraft, is designed to destroy aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles in the air and enemy ground (sea) targets.

Reconnaissance aviation (RzA), armed with reconnaissance aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles aircrafts, is intended for conducting aerial reconnaissance of objects, the enemy, terrain, weather, air and ground radiation and chemical conditions.

Transport aviation (TrA), armed with transport aircraft, is intended for airborne landings, transportation of troops, weapons, military and special equipment and other materiel by air, ensuring maneuver and combat operations of troops (forces), and performing special tasks.

Formations, units, subunits of bomber, attack, fighter, reconnaissance and transport aviation can also be involved in solving other tasks.

Special Aviation (SPA), armed with airplanes and helicopters, is designed to perform special tasks. Units and subdivisions special aviation are directly or operationally subordinate to the commander of the Air Force formation and are involved in: conducting radar reconnaissance and guiding aviation towards air and ground (sea) targets; installation of electronic interference and aerosol curtains; search and rescue of flight crews and passengers; in-flight refueling of aircraft; evacuation of the wounded and sick; providing control and communications; conducting airborne radiation, chemical, biological, engineering intelligence and performing other tasks.

On July 30 (August 12), 1912, a special military control body for aviation and aeronautics was created within the Russian army. This day is officially established in the Russian Federation as Air Force Day.

By the beginning of the First World War, Russia had 39 detachments, which were armed with 263 aircraft intended for military use. During the war years, air defense began to be structured to cover the most important centers of the country. One of the first, on December 8, 1914, was the creation of air defense for the capital of Russia - Petrograd and its environs, which organizationally included anti-aircraft artillery batteries, aviation crews, and a network of air observation posts. The history of the First World War includes the names of the creators of the “Russian school of air combat” P.N. Nesterova, E.N. Krutenya, A.A. Kozakova, K.K. Artseulova, N.A. Yatsuka. By the end of the First World War, aviation had become an independent branch of the Ground Forces.

With the development of military aviation, the organizational formation of air defense troops took place (since 1928 - air defense (air defense). Separate divisions were created for air defense, and since 1924 - anti-aircraft artillery regiments.

In 1932, the Air Force received the status of an independent branch of the military. The Air Force of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (RKKA) was organizationally divided into military, army and front-line aviation. In 1933, heavy bomber aviation was formalized structurally (as a means of the High Command).

On May 10, 1932, the Red Army Air Defense Directorate was created. Are being formed separate brigades, divisions, air defense corps. On November 9, 1941, the air defense forces of the country acquired the status of an independent branch of the military. In January 1942, air defense aviation was organized within them. The branches of air defense troops, in addition to fighter aviation (IA), were flak(ZA) and air surveillance, warning and communications troops (VNOS).

During the Great Patriotic War The Air Force and Air Defense Forces included operational-strategic formations: air armies, fronts and air defense armies. During the war years, the Air Force and Air Defense Forces destroyed more than 64 thousand enemy aircraft in air battles, anti-aircraft fire and at airfields. More than 280 thousand aviators and air defense soldiers were awarded orders and medals, 2513 people were awarded the title of Hero Soviet Union, 65 pilots were awarded this title twice, and two were awarded to A.I. Pokryshkin and I.N. Kozhedub - three times.

IN post-war years the Air Force has made a transition from piston to jet, supersonic aviation, and the air defense is creating all-weather interceptor fighters, anti-aircraft missile and radar systems.

And at present, the Air Force and the Air Defense Forces, united since January 1, 1999 into one branch of the Armed Forces - the Air Force, stand guard over the peaceful skies of the country.

The modern Air Force was formed by the merger of two forces - air defense and air force. Now it's perfect the new kind Armed forces of the Russian Federation. They differ in operational and strategic properties and purpose. Now these troops are given completely different tasks.

Now the organizational structures are made up of the air armies of the Supreme High Command (CH), the air armies of the Supreme High Command (VTA) and individual air defense formations.

The unification of the Air Force and Air Defense was the first action of this kind in Russian military history.

They report directly to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force. also in expeditiously they may submit to the commanders of the military districts. During military operations - the commander of front troops.

During the unification, there was a reduction in combat strength (compared to 1991). At the same time, bomber and assault (strike) units make up about 1/3 of the total number of air regiments.

There are two types of combat operations (if we rely on the practice of military art, both domestic and world). These types are: offensive (counter-offensive is also implied) and defense.

The ground forces were always the first to develop in the armed forces, then, as the forces and means of armed struggle developed, naval forces. The last to develop is the air force.

All types of armed forces have a strictly defined dominant physical environment for conducting military operations. So the NE has land, the Navy has sea; Air Force - airspace.

In the second half of the 50s, oddly enough, two more types of aircraft began to take shape. These troops were the air defense and strategic missile forces. Now the USSR is the only country where there are five types of troops. Let's list them: Air Force, Navy, Air Defense Forces, Strategic Missile Forces.

Now it is no longer a secret that this was one of the many mistakes of the political and military leadership of the communist system.

They decided to correct this mistake four decades later. In 1999, the VS became not five types, but four types. TO beginning of XXI century, Russia again undertakes reform and becomes three-structural (this was before 1954). At the same time, the status of a nuclear power remains the same, one might even say that it is strengthened.

New types of troops (combined arms armies, tank armies, air fleets, air armies, air forces of military districts, etc.) can only be created with the constant development of forces and means of armed struggle.

In 1936, for the first time in the Soviet Union, an operational aviation association was created - the aviation army of the reserve of the Supreme High Command (army special purpose- AND HE). Already in October 1940, on the basis of three GAs, the first operational-strategic aviation association of the USSR Air Force was formed - Long-Range Bomber Aviation of the High Command (DBA GC). They are the predecessors of modern DA.

With the further development of theory and practice, these troops had a new use - operations.

It is worth noting very interesting fact. Even then, an independent strategic air operation was considered the main and fundamental form of using the main battery airborne assault weapons.

All fighting took place with the participation of DBA units, and were considered as an integral part of military operations.

It has now become the norm to conduct combat operations with air support. An example is the campaign carried out by the Air Force of the multinational force during the Gulf War (1991).

A sufficient number of military campaigns (("Fox in the Desert", US and NATO aggression against Yugoslavia) have shown that air operations with widespread use precision weapons, especially sea- and air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM, ALCM), are the main ones when attacking and inflicting military defeat on the enemy.

The experience of armed struggle became the main determining factor in choosing the method of conducting military actions. Now it is difficult to abandon the operation as a form and tactics of war; they must be constantly learned, developed as an integral component military art.

Operations and hostilities have the same origin and are mutually dependent. But nevertheless, they are distinguishable from each other in content and methods of performing combat missions, which is important practical significance, both for theory and especially for practice in preparing and conducting operations (including air operations).

Degradation process Russian Air Force (rapid decline number and training of personnel, aircraft and airfields, a small number of flights due to insufficient funding) was actively involved in 1990s and paused at the beginning 2000s years. WITH 2009 a major overhaul and major modernization of the entire Russian Air Force fleet has begun.

In January 2008 Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force A. N. Zelin called the state of Russian aerospace defense critical IN 2009 purchases of new aircraft for the Russian Air Force have approached the levels of Soviet-era aircraft purchases . The fifth generation fighter is being tested PAK FA, January 29 2010 his first flight took place. The 5th generation fighters are planned to enter service with the troops in 2015.

According to a study by an Australian think tank Air Power Australia, published in February 2009, the level of Russian air defense systems has reached a level that excludes the possibility of US military aviation surviving during an armed conflict.

In 1947 -- 1950s serial production and mass entry into the armed forces of jet aircraft began.

WITH 1952 The country's air defense troops are equipped with anti-aircraft missile technology.

Every year on weapons 400-600 entered the USSR Armed Forces airplanes. (From the responses of the Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force, Colonel General A. Zelin at a press conference on “ MAX-2009 " August 20, 2009).

Central Bank of Russia On May 4, 2009, he issued three silver commemorative coins dignity 1 ruble dedicated to the Russian Air Force:

Single obverse all three coins

Reverse coins depicting the emblem of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

With the image of a fighter Su-27

With the image of a bomber "Ilya Muromets"

military air force missile

Air Force Day is celebrated in Russia on August 12 in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 549 of May 31, 2006 “On the establishment of professional holidays and memorable days in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.” This holiday received the status of a memorable day.

The Russian Air Force is second only to the US Air Force in terms of fleet size.

As of 2010, the number of personnel in the Russian Air Force is about 148,000. The Air Force operates more than 4,000 pieces of military equipment, as well as 833 in storage.

After the reform, the air regiments were consolidated into air bases, with a total of 60 air bases.

Tactical aviation consists of the following squadrons:

• 38 fighter aircraft)
• 14 bomber aircraft,
• 14 assault ae,
• 9 reconnaissance aircraft,
• training and testing - 13 ae.

Location of tactical aviation air bases:

• KOR - 2 AB
• GVZ - 1 AB
• ZVO - 6 AB
• YuVO - 5 AB
• CVO - 4 AB
• VVO - 7 AB

At the end of 2003, Lieutenant General Viktor Nikolaevich Sokerin, having resigned from the post of Commander of the Air Force and Air Defense of the Baltic Fleet, described the situation in the Air Force at that time: “The Armed Forces are experiencing an uncontrollable collapse of their combat aviation.” “...The aviation regiments are staffed by officers who, over the course of five years of training, had only a few hours of training flight time, mostly with an instructor. Only 3 percent of 1st and 2nd class pilots are under 36 years of age, and only 1 percent of 1st class navigators of the Baltic Fleet Air Force are under 40 years of age. 60 percent of crew commanders are over 35 years old, half of them are over 40 years old.”

At the end of 2006, the average flight time in the Russian Air Force was 40 hours. The flight time depends on the type of aircraft. In military transport aviation it was 60 hours, while in fighter and front-line aviation it was 20-25 hours. For comparison, for the same year this figure in the USA was 189, France 180, Romania 120 hours. In 2007, as a result of improving the supply of aviation fuel and intensifying combat training, the average annual flight time increased: in Long-Range Aviation it amounted to 80-100 hours, in Air Defense Aviation - approximately 55 hours. Young pilots often have more than 100 hours of flight time.

In addition to the Air Force, there is military aviation and in other branches and branches of the Russian Armed Forces: Navy, Strategic Missile Forces. Air defense aviation and aviation ground forces are part of the Air Force. Aviation Missile Forces strategic purpose by April 1, 2011 it will be transferred to the Russian Air Force.

The plan to reduce the number of bases provides for a reduction to 33 air bases, and the decommissioning of about 1000 aircraft, up to 2000 aircraft.

The exact quantitative and qualitative composition of the Russian Air Force is classified information. The data below is collected from open sources and may contain significant inaccuracies.

Sources

MiG-31 - heavy high-speed interceptor

MiG-29 - light multi-role fighter

Su-35BM - heavy multi-role fighter of the 4++ generation

Tu-22M3 - medium missile-carrying bomber

Tu-160 - heavy strategic bomber-missile carrier and Su-27 - fighter-interceptor

Il-78 - air tanker and a pair of Su-24 - front-line bombers

Ka-50 - attack helicopter

Rearmament

In 2010, the Russian aviation industry supplied the Russian Ministry of Defense with 21 aircraft and 57 helicopters.

In 2011, the Russian Ministry of Defense will receive at least 28 aircraft and more than 100 helicopters from industry. Also this year, the modernization of the Su-25 attack aircraft fleet to the SM standard will continue.

As of May 2011, 8 production Ka-52 helicopters entered service. The plant can assemble up to 2 Ka-52s per month

According to the Russian Ministry of Defense, in 2011, 35 aircraft, 109 helicopters and 21 anti-aircraft missile systems will be purchased.

As of early 2011, 8 of 38 fighter aviation squadrons were re-equipped with new and modernized aircraft; attack aircraft - 3 out of 14 air units; bomber aviation - 2 out of 14 air forces. In the same year, one bomber aircraft at the Baltimore air base near Voronezh will be re-equipped with the Su-34.

It has become known that the Russian Ministry of Defense has ordered 100 Ka-60 helicopters with a start date for deliveries in 2015.

It became known that at the MAKS-2011 air show, it is planned to sign a contract for the supply of an additional batch of Yak-130 in the amount of 60 aircraft. A contract for the modernization of the MiG-31 into the MiG-31BM variant in the amount of 30 aircraft. A contract for the supply of MiG-29K in the amount of 24 aircraft for the Russian Navy Aviation.

Number of aircraft received by the Air Force during last years as part of the rearmament program:

Concluded contracts for the supply of aircraft for the Russian Air Force and Navy:

Unmanned aerial vehicles

The Russian Air Force has two UAV regiments, a research squadron and a Center combat use UAV in Yegoryevsk. At the same time, the development of UAVs in Russia lags significantly behind similar programs in NATO countries. In 2010, the Russian Defense Ministry ordered 3 types of reconnaissance unmanned aircraft from Israel for the needs of its army. The total number of devices is estimated at 63 units. It is planned to open a joint venture with Israel to produce UAVs in Russia.

Types of purchased UAVs:

• IAI Bird-Eye 400
• IAI I-View
• IAI Searcher 2

The following domestic UAVs are known to be in service:

• ZALA 421-08
• Bee-1T
• Fescue
• Tu-243

Educational establishments

Educational institutions that train specialists for the Russian Air Force:

• Air Force Academy named after prof. N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin
• Military Academy of Aerospace Defense named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G. K. Zhukov
• Krasnodar branch of VUNTS Air Force "VVA"

• Military aviation engineering university Voronezh