How to open your own business recycling pet and pvc waste. Recycling and disposal of plastic bottles

Most of the drinks that people buy are sold in plastic bottles. Each city resident accounts for approximately 100 kilograms of discarded PET bottles per year.. Considering that they take 300 years to decompose, you can imagine what irreparable damage could be caused to the ecology of the planet if all these bottles were disposed of in landfills. It is much more profitable for the economy and safer for nature to recycle and use as recyclable materials.

It is the PET bottle that is the main raw material in the production of flex (recyclable materials for the production of chemical fiber). Chemical fiber used for the production of the same plastic bottles, as well as bristles (for brushes), packaging tape, film and a number of other products.

The result is a cyclical process of endless recycling of plastic bottles, which saves money and protects the environment. In Russia, this type of activity has not yet entered the mass market, and therefore such a business is especially competitive and attractive.

Plastic recycling equipment

After going through a number of processing stages, the last of which is pre-pressing, the bottles end up on a special line that processes containers. When it comes out, you get a flex that looks like flakes. The line consists of several units, connected by conveyor belts. It consists of the following elements:

• rotary machine;
• crusher;
• screw conveyor equipped with an Archimedean screw;
• steam boiler;
• washing polishing machine;
• rinsing apparatus;
• dryer-water separator;
• air drying;
• bunker

The processing technology follows a certain scheme:

• collected bottles are sorted by color, each color is processed separately;
• manually remove various foreign objects - rubber, paper, other types of plastic;
• labels and caps are separated in a rotary machine;
• in a crusher with several blades, resembling a large blender, the bottles are crushed;
• then the mass from plastic bottles is placed on a screw conveyor into a steam boiler, where another purification process takes place;
• completely cleaned plastic is sent to a water separator dryer, then to air drying;
• after the resulting flex has completely dried, it will be moved to a special bunker;
• By agglomeration, the crumbs are sintered into small lumps, which can already be used as raw materials. To average the characteristics of the lumps, granulation is carried out, which increases the density of the resulting material and facilitates its further use.

What comes from recycled materials

Recycled bottles are used to make many various products , such as new bottles, film, bristles, fibers, containers for chemicals, fabric bases for the production of textiles, clothing and carpets, as well as padding polyester, automotive parts, sound-proofing materials, electrical goods.

Prospects for this area

Today, recycling of plastic bottles is one of the most profitable segments of the recycling market. If we talk about profit for a particular entrepreneur, then investments in this type of activity with the right approach will pay off in 14–18 months, and the net monthly profit will be about 8 thousand dollars.

It is worth noting that city authorities often accommodate those who want to engage in this type of activity. So, if you apply for participation in any program to clean up the city, you can quite possibly get free premises suitable for a processing plant. All that remains is to register the enterprise and purchase the necessary equipment (full cycle line).

There are no problems with finding raw materials for production: since the cities are littered with plastic bottles, all that remains is to either collect them or open collection points; Another option is to negotiate with the landfill for the delivery of raw materials. The peculiarity of this is that, by ensuring a profit for himself, the entrepreneur is doing something useful for the environment. After all PET bottles are a real problem, especially in big cities when after mass events or simply in crowded places there remain huge bottles, most of which are plastic bottles.

For and topic today building a plastic recycling business.

As you know, PET plastic bottles and other types of plastic are practically resistant to rotting; you cannot burn such material, as it brings great harm environment and as a rule, it is simply buried by tractors in city landfills.

At one time, I myself became interested in the topic of recycling recyclable materials and I conducted a kind of research on this issue.

As it turned out, not everything is as simple as I thought (in general, it’s always been like this), all landfills are controlled by special organizations and, as they say, everything is “captured”; I couldn’t get access to the garbage, no matter how funny it sounds, since this market has been divided for a long time and as they say, the channels are established.

Therefore, a newcomer to the plastic processing business may have problems right at the very beginning - these are the raw materials for processing. If you manage to resolve this issue, then your business is 50% successful.

You can, of course, set up plastic collection points, as well as place special ones around the city garbage bins with separation into paper, glass and plastic (as is done in most countries of the world), but here again there is a problem with the mentality of the Russian person, he doesn’t care what and where to throw, so you can find anything in your plastic container.

This was a preface to the business plan based on my own observations.

PET bottle recycling business plan

It is necessary to start this business with official registration of the business, for this it is necessary. I suggest this as the best option.

When registering an LLC, you must select the type of activity:

37.20 Treatment of non-metallic waste and scrap

It is quite enough to indicate this group to engage in this business, but in general we are interested in a subgroup ( 37.20.2 Treatment of waste and scrap plastics), but this subgroup is included in the group that I indicated initially and therefore indicate it as much as you can if something happens, engage in all types of processing that are included in the group:

1. Rubber waste treatment;
2. Processing of waste and scrap plastics;
3. Processing of waste and scrap glass;
4. Treatment of waste textile materials;
5. Processing of paper and cardboard waste;
6. Treatment of waste gemstones.

So if you choose OKVED 37.02, you can use all listed species activities.

Taxation on PET recycling

I would choose as a taxation system, this is due to the fact that UTII cannot be used, and there are not so many expenses in this business. Although it is still worth making calculations using the simplified tax system (15%), perhaps in your case such a tax will be more profitable. But I still lean towards the simplified tax system Income (6%).

Premises for organizing processing

Regarding the premises for processing PET plastic bottles, it must be found in the industrial zone. The area must be large enough to accommodate all equipment.

In some cities, targeted programs are carried out and businesses that process waste are given various discounts and preferences. You may even be able to rent premises from the administration.

The probability is certainly not great, but it’s still worth a try. In this case, the cost of renting the premises will be mere pennies, and in some cases it will be free. Since every city is interested in improving the environmental situation.

What equipment is required for processing?

After you find a location for your PET bottle recycling business, you should start choosing equipment.

Processing equipment can be purchased in modules, or you can purchase an entire processing line at once.

I would choose the second option. I also want to note that you should not purchase used equipment. It's better to overpay and get a new line.

Composition of the PET bottles recycling line:

1. Installation for removing paper and removing covers;
2. Crusher. Cuts plastic into small pieces;
3. Steam boiler. Eliminates unnecessary elements from the resulting mass (using hot water);
4. Polishing machine;
5. Rinsing machine;
6. Dryer. The cleaned plastic is dried in it. After all the procedures, a flex is obtained, which is placed in a special bunker.

Flex is a recycled material used to produce new PET bottles (looks like plastic flakes).

As I said earlier, I recommend purchasing a full-cycle line; almost every manufacturer also provides a supervision installation service. That is, specialists come and install the line, as well as start processing and receive the first batch of flex.

PET bottle recycling process

Before starting a plastic bottle recycling business, an entrepreneur should become familiar with the recycling process itself.

Let's look at what you need to know about the recycling process:

1. PET bottle distribution. Before entering the line, bottles must be sorted by color;
2. Bottle cleaning. Each bottle must be cleaned of debris: paper, rubber and other debris that may get on the bottle;
3. Delivery to the processing line. After the first two points, you can start the line for processing and pressing, the most interesting thing: the first 2 points are done manually.

Where can I get raw materials for processing?

I already touched on this issue at the beginning of the article, so let’s determine where you can get raw materials for your processing business:

• Enter into an agreement with the city landfill. Trying, as they say, is not torture, you may be able to do it, so try by any means;
• Reception points. Open collection points for PET bottles around the city; for little money you can start accepting raw materials this way;
• Bins for plastic. It is better to place several bins: for plastic, paper and glass, because otherwise they will throw everything into your lonely trash bin. It is necessary to place ballot boxes around the city in crowded places. Please coordinate this issue with the administration in advance. 90% of the time they will not mind, but it is necessary to agree.

Profitability of PET recycling business

Let's look at the profitability of such a business. It’s really quite difficult to do this, since there are many unknowns: rent (perhaps the administration will even give you a place for your activity free of charge), the supply of raw materials, the equipment you will purchase, the amount of employees’ salaries, etc. Everything may differ depending on the region in which you open a processing business.

So I'll give you the average cost for recycling plastic bottles:

1. Equipment (mid price category) – RUB 3,000,000;
2. Costs for raw materials for processing - 30,000 rubles;
3. Salaries of workers for 6 people - 120,000 rubles.
4. Costs for contributions to the Pension Fund, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, Social Insurance Fund - about 40,000 rubles.
5. Utility bills are about 10,000 rubles.

That's probably all! You can ask questions in the VK group, the link to it is at the beginning of the article, or you can simply ask directly in the comments to the article.

Happy business! Bye!

It is no secret that in big cities there has long been a problem of recycling PET bottles or, more simply, plastic. Many environmentalists are scratching their heads over a solution to this problem. One way or another, there are available solutions, for example, plastic recycling. Agree, saving the ecology of the planet and at the same time earning good money is very cool. If you consider that this is a very profitable business, then you can safely open your own business in this area. But there are many nuances that definitely need to be mentioned.

General useful information

Since PET bottles can be produced very cheaply, their production is unlikely to cease in the coming years. Such plastic waste is accepted for mere pennies, so it is much easier to throw the plastic away with the garbage rather than take it to a collection point. Huge dumps of bottles and other products appear.

It is worth drawing your attention to the fact that a plastic product itself takes about 200 years to decompose. Since this business will be based on the processing of secondary raw materials, it is very cheap. This kind of business is quite easy to open. This is due to the fact that the state will help you in all possible ways.

Plus, in most cases, you won't need to spend money on purchasing raw materials. It is quite possible that for processing a certain amount plastic waste you'll even earn a small percentage. Let's look at some basics of this business and let's take a closer look at the technological line and profitability.

Why is this industry developed in Russia?

This is a question every aspiring entrepreneur should ask. In general, there may be reasons a large number of. But the main one is this: businessmen believe that a huge initial investment will be required. In addition, there is an opinion that such an activity is unprofitable, which is fundamentally wrong. To give some visual figures, there are very few enterprises in Russia that process plastic.

Approximately 6% goes to recycling and, accordingly, 94% goes to a landfill, where PET bottles decompose over the next two to three hundred years. But in Europe, for example, the situation is not so dire, although it is also far from ideal. About 80% of plastic is recycled there. Based on all this, we can say with confidence that this is a very profitable investment, especially if you open in big city, where hundreds of tons of plastic are brought to landfill every year.

First steps to starting a business

The most important thing is a successful start, and then it will be easier. At the very beginning you will have to run. It’s worth finding out if your city has special environmental programs. Their essence lies in the fact that regional authorities allocate cash grants or other assistance to budding businessmen in this industry. So, they can help you find premises or organize regular deliveries of raw materials to the warehouse, or pay a percentage of recycled waste.

Therefore, before you register entity, check your local administration. There you can find out how the authorities support the ecology of their city or region. After you conclude an agreement, you can open a bank account and also begin searching for a suitable premises where your small plant will be located. Don't forget to register a legal entity, preferably using the "LLC" form.

Where can I accept plastic for recycling?

As noted a little above, you need to start looking for suitable premises. If in Europe it is a real problem to find an empty factory or workshop, then in Russia nothing is easier. There are a large number of buildings that have stood idle since Soviet times. You need to focus on an area of ​​300 square meters. This will be quite enough to install all the equipment, as well as organize a small warehouse for storing raw materials and finished products.

But do not forget that in the case of an abandoned building, you will need to restore or conduct communications yourself. If you have available funds, then you can rent a premises that is ready to open, but you will have to spend a lot of money. Another option is prefabricated hangars. This is a good solution if you need to open as soon as possible and don’t have time to search.

Purchase of equipment

After you have selected the premises, carried out all the communications and made them suitable for use, you need to start purchasing equipment. Here you can go two ways: buy equipment domestic production or foreign. In the first case, the purchase will cost slightly less, but the quality will suffer. In the latter case, everything is extremely expensive.

It is worth drawing your attention to the fact that accepting plastic for recycling is not releasing drinking water, therefore, a technological line manufactured in Russia will be quite sufficient. If you buy a low-performance simple technique, then everything will cost about 600 thousand rubles. If you plan to create a full-fledged powerful plant, then you need to pay at least 2-3 million rubles for equipment for plastic processing.

In principle, you can start with a small plant. It is most profitable to recycle transparent plastic; it can be sold for about 20 thousand rubles. per ton, colored - 15 thousand rubles, and brown - 10 thousand rubles.

Recycling plastic waste: technology and features

Let's look at how, in fact, everything happens. The whole process can be divided into several simple stages. The first thing you need to do is sort. This is done manually. Workers should separate colored plastic, clear plastic and brown plastic. This is due to the fact that at the end we must get a product of the same color, otherwise the cost of the batch will decrease significantly.

Foreign objects such as rubber or paper must be removed manually. At the end of the sorting process, plastic containers are loaded into the line. Processing itself does not take much time, although it all depends on the productivity of the equipment, so it can be either a ton per hour or 200-300 kilograms.

The line consists of several connected units. At the first stage, the caps and labels are separated, after which the raw materials enter crushers, where they are crushed with knives and transferred further along the conveyor. Next is the washing machine, which hot water Removes not only dirt, but also unnecessary crushing residues. Then the plastic undergoes polishing and rinsing, and comes off the assembly line already cleaned. Flex gradually accumulates in a bunker, from where it is then unloaded and sorted.

Where to get raw materials for processing?

This is perhaps the simplest issue that can be resolved extremely quickly. Surely there are landfills in your city where large amounts of plastic are brought in every day. Nothing prevents you from concluding an agreement with the owner and taking the raw materials to your place for processing. This is quite beneficial for the landfill owner, since he does not have to pay money for transportation to a larger landfill or disposal.

You can make advertisements stating that you accept plastic at a good price, say, 6 rubles per kilogram. By the way, it is advisable to organize a collection point directly at or near the warehouse. This way you will save yourself from unnecessary transportation costs. In principle, there should not be any problems here. As noted above, the state, and primarily local authorities, are interested in plastic recycling.

Income and expenses

Well, now let's talk about how much you will ultimately have to spend and how much you can earn in a month of hard work. The equipment will cost about 600,000 rubles, plus we will need to hire employees, at least 6-8 people. If wage each will be about 20,000-25,000 rubles, then that’s another 150 thousand. It is also worth taking into account unforeseen expenses; we will allocate 100,000 rubles for them.

If local authorities help with the premises, then at first there will be no need to pay for its rent, but for electricity you will have to pay 30 thousand rubles every month. In general, recycling plastic will cost you 900,000 rubles. But keep in mind that this is for a low-productivity production line. Costs will increase significantly when purchasing more powerful equipment. In about a year you should be fully paid off. To do this, you need to produce about 10 tons of flex per month.

What else do you need to know?

As you can see, plastic recycling is a quite profitable business. But it is very important to have the right approach here. For example, you can significantly reduce costs if you seek help from the city administration. In addition, you can constantly conclude effective contracts with owners large landfills for the supply of raw materials for processing. Over time, you will be able to gradually expand your plant and increase the productivity of the production line. Profits will grow, and at the same time you will be doing quite a useful thing for local residents and the land on which you live.

Conclusion

Don't forget about this important point, as the location of the plant. It should not be on residential streets. This is due to the noise produced during processing. If in daytime This will not cause indignation among residents, but dozens of complaints will be received at night. In addition, few people will like a standing hangar with waste under the window, even if it is covered.

There are standards that determine the minimum distance to residential buildings in the city. They need to be clarified with the local administration. Well, that’s all that can be said about what processing plastic into granules is, and what are the advantages of this business. As you can see, there is nothing unrealistic here. Moreover, having secured the necessary support, you will be able to start and develop more easily.

Recycling plastic bottles is a fairly pressing task today, and business in this area can be called very promising. This is due to the distribution and widespread use of such packaging in all industries National economy. That's why it's worth appreciating technological process processing, the cost of equipment used for this, as well as markets for the resulting raw materials.

Relevance of the problem

Statistics show that every year a person throws away about 300 kilograms of various garbage, a third of which is plastic bottles. Already used containers are no less valuable than glass bottles or waste paper. In the process of processing such waste, a material is obtained from which flex is made in the form of plastic flakes. And it, in turn, is suitable for the subsequent manufacture of containers.

It turns out that recycling a plastic bottle is waste-free production, because plastic makes flex, and vice versa. In addition, such an idea is fully justified in environmentally, since complete decomposition of the polymer requires 300 years, no less.

Modern tendencies

Recycling plastic bottles as a business is a great idea as you can earn quite a bit of money from it. good profit, but only subject to the competent preparation of a business plan, as well as the availability of the required amount of money for this. Organizing such an enterprise is quite expensive. The main points here concern the search for suitable premises, arranging the supply of raw materials, as well as the search for sales markets. This business is not just profitable, but also quite useful. In addition, recycling of plastic bottles is not yet very developed in the CIS countries, so you will not have much competition.

Main technological stages

You can consider the recycling process that occurs at such an enterprise.

At the first stage, bottles are collected and sorted. There are no difficulties here, and this process will be discussed in more detail later. Only one thing is worth noting: at this stage, an uninterrupted supply of raw materials with its further sorting should be established.

Grinding

The second stage is crushing. Here you will already need certain equipment for recycling plastic bottles, namely - special installation for crushing. Sorted raw materials are placed in it, which is crushed to produce flakes of 0.8-1.2 cm in size, it all depends on which grid is used in the installation. This is the same flex. Next, this crushed mass is thoroughly washed using caustic soda. The plastic bottle recycling line sends it all into a centrifuge, where pieces of paper labels are separated from the bulk. The flotation process allows you to remove rings and caps, as well as labels made of polypropylene. Flex is washed again, this time used pure water, after which it is placed in a tube dryer, where a stream of hot air ensures drying. At the end, the plastic bottle recycling machine unloads and packages the flex. In this form, the material is already suitable for sale. But you can use a slightly different technology.

Agglomeration and granulation

The third stage is agglomeration. Sometimes this technology for recycling plastic bottles is used. This is a simple procedure. The crushed mass is exposed to high temperatures, as a result of which it sinteres and turns into small lumps. These lumps can be sold as ready-made raw materials, or they can be granulated, due to which they are “improved.”

The fourth stage is granulation. You can already see how versatile plastic bottle recycling can be. The technology in this case involves subsequent processing of raw materials. This significantly improves its quality and purity, which makes it possible to increase the cost of the product. Granulation is often called briquetting; the essence of this process is to turn the crushed mass into pieces of the correct shape, that is, peculiar granules of the same size and weight. This is done like this: the particles are compacted under slight pressure, since there may be voids between them. After this, the particles themselves are deformed, due to which they adhere at the molecular level. The final stage involves increasing pressure to transform the elastic modification into a plastic one. The result of this is the production of durable granules of the same shape.

Even taking into account the fact that equipment for these purposes is quite expensive, it is quite possible to open such a business. The processing line alone costs around 130 thousand dollars. But this is the price to pay for how beneficial recycling plastic bottles is. A business plan for such a plant should be drawn up on the basis of a specific project in order to demonstrate it to potential investors.

First of all, you need to register a company. It is worth noting that specified type activity will be recognized as trade in small products, so it can be started even before the opening of an individual entrepreneur. Next, you need to take care of a suitable premises, purchase or rent equipment for processing plastic bottles. But it’s worth considering everything in order. First, you will need to obtain a license for this type of activity, and also coordinate everything with the SES and the fire organization. Obtaining all the documents required for this costs about 200 rubles.

Business premises

When the “paperwork” issues are resolved, you can begin to search for premises where the line for the production of plastic bottles will be located. This requires an area of ​​at least 3,000 square meters, preferably outside the city. An abandoned factory or warehouse is suitable for these purposes; it is important that all communications necessary for work are connected to it. The premises will need to be divided into three parts (this must be taken into account when drawing up a business plan): for raw materials, for finished products, for production.

Business staffing

So, have you decided to open a plastic bottle recycling plant? In this case, you need to have a rough idea of ​​the prices and equipment that will be required for these purposes. The minimum amount you should expect is 4 million rubles plus another 400 thousand for installation. For a production shop there are several elements that are mandatory. Equipment for recycling plastic bottles must include:

Agglomerator (≈ 222 thousand);

Granulation line (≈ 1-2 million);

Rotary chopper (≈1.5 million).

It is important to understand that the specified set is the minimum required to set up a line that will process plastic bottles. The following is a list of components for the finished line:

Bath in which the flex will be soaked;

A dynamic centrifuge designed for harsh cleaning of plastic from residual dirt, labels, and other debris;

A hot bath with water heated to 60 degrees, with the addition of sodium phosphate, is used for maximum effective cleaning flex;

A dispenser that supplies flakes in equal portions into pipes with heated air;

A friction auger, which is designed to accumulate flex and transport it to the soaking bath. It includes an inclined auger, a flushing system and a storage hopper;

Rinse bath, which is designed to wash away any remaining detergent from the flakes.

Purchasing options

Of course, it is quite possible to acquire domestic technology, which will be much cheaper, but in this case there is a high probability frequent breakdowns or that the equipment capacity will not be enough. Although the cost of this equipment will be approximately 1 million rubles. You can also choose the option of purchasing used machines, then you can save about half the amount.

Among the manufacturers of equipment for recycling plastics, the leading positions belong to Herbold, Shredder, Sorema, RIKO RT, Redoma and others. Most of the equipment used today is manufactured in China. If we talk about domestic manufacturers, the quality of their products is much inferior even to Chinese ones. One exception is the Machinery and Technologies company.

Raw materials

The easiest production stage in the case under consideration is the organization of supplies of raw materials. We are talking about plastic bottles, of which you can find a lot in every city. Extraction of raw materials can be done in one of several ways:

You can install special garbage containers around the city designed for sorting. Instead of one old one, you can install several new ones. They need to be labeled accordingly so that people who dispose of waste sort it immediately. At the same time, you can count on the support of the city authorities, as they are always happy to have new garbage cans.

You can send people directly to the solid waste landfill, where they will sort the waste right on the spot. This method is not so expensive, since you do not need to spend money on purchasing additional containers.

Organize collection points for plastic bottles throughout the city. Now the cost of one kilogram is about 20-30 cents. In this case, the costs are not as high as if it were necessary to purchase trash cans or send people to the city landfill. Since your goal is precisely the recycling of plastic bottles, and not collection, you don’t have to organize your own collection points, but use the services of existing ones. You can also negotiate with city waste collection services on regular supplies of raw materials. The cost of one ton is about $100.

A deposit scheme is another option. Its essence is to arrange the return of used packaging back to points of sale of products for a certain fee.

Profitability and payback of business

So, if you are interested in recycling plastic bottles as a business, then when drawing up a plan, you need to determine the profitability of the future enterprise. First you need to decide on personnel: you need 4-5 workers, an accountant, several people to control the production process, and a manager.

It turns out that when organizing such a business, you may encounter the following average statistical expenses:

4 million rubles - purchase of equipment and its installation;

400 thousand rubles - rent of premises and payment utilities;

200 thousand rubles - other expenses.

Total we're talking about about the amount of 4.6 million rubles, to which it is worth adding the salaries of employees - 270 thousand rubles.

The processing results in a product that would sell for 2.9 million per tonne, depending on the type of plastic. When the enterprise operates 23 days a month for 8 hours and produces 1 ton of products per day, you can count on a net monthly benefit of 300-350 thousand rubles.

conclusions

If you strictly follow the business plan, you can say that the opening costs will pay off in about a year and a half, but this is subject to proper organization of the entire production. In addition to the fact that recycling a plastic bottle is a profitable activity, it should also bring moral pleasure from the fact that a person is contributing to the improvement of ecological situation.

In this article we will talk about such a type of business as processing plastic containers. Let's consider the technological process of processing PET containers, cost necessary equipment and markets for finished raw materials. We will also find out whether it is profitable to recycle plastic and how much it will cost to organize such production.

Relevance of the problem

According to statistics, a person throws out approximately 300 kilograms of garbage annually, about 1/3 of which are plastic bottles. Used PET containers are no less valuable than, for example, waste paper or glass bottles. When processing PET waste, a material is obtained from which flex is subsequently made (in its pure form it is more like plastic flakes). Flex is again used to produce containers.

It turns out that recycling PET bottles is a waste-free production; flex is made from plastic and vice versa. Moreover, this idea is completely justified from an environmental point of view, because it takes at least 300 years for the polymer to completely decompose.

The idea of ​​starting a business recycling PET bottles can bring good profits b, but only on the condition that the business plan is drawn up correctly, and you have the necessary amount of money for this - after all, organizing such an enterprise is not cheap.

The main points can be considered the search for appropriate premises, setting up the supply of raw materials and the sales market. Such a business is not just profitable, but also a very useful activity. In addition, such production is poorly developed in the CIS countries, so you won’t have much competition.

Main stages of plastic bottle recycling technology

Let's look at the stages of the PET bottle recycling process:

1. First stage: collecting and sorting bottles. Actually, there is nothing complicated here; we will look at this issue in more detail a little later. Let us only note that at this stage of preparation we must establish an uninterrupted supply of raw materials and their further sorting;
2. Second stage: crushing. For this stage you will need a special crushing plant. Sorted bottles are placed in it, crushing occurs and the output is flakes, the size of which can be from 0.8 to 1.2 centimeters (depending on the size of the grid in the installation). Actually, this is pet flex. Then the crushed mass is thoroughly washed using caustic soda. After this, it is placed in a centrifuge, which separates the pieces of paper labels from the bulk in the form of sludge. Polypropylene labels, rings and caps are removed by flotation. Next, the flex is washed again, this time with regular clean water, and is placed in a tubular dryer, in which drying will take place under the influence of a stream of hot air. The final stage is unloading and packaging of the flex. In this form, the material can already be sold, or you can resort to a slightly different technology;
3. The third stage of technology: agglomeration. The process procedure is extremely simple: the crushed mass is exposed to high temperature, as a result of which it simply sinteres and turns into small lumps. These lumps (agglomerate) can also be sold as raw materials, or they can be “improved”, that is, granulated;
4. Fourth stage: granulation. Granulation is the further processing of a material. It will significantly improve the purity and quality of raw materials, which will have a positive impact on its cost. The granulation process is also called briquetting, and its essence is to transform the crushed mass into pieces of the correct shape, peculiar granules, identical in weight and size. This happens as follows: under slight pressure, the particles become compacted, since there are voids between them. Next, the particles themselves are deformed and adhere at the molecular level. At the end of the procedure, the pressure increases, turning the elastic modification into a plastic one. The result is strong, uniform granules.

Organization of a plastic bottle recycling plant

Despite the high cost of the equipment (the processing line alone will cost about 130 thousand dollars), it is quite possible to open such a “garbage” business if you have a specific project and a business plan drawn up based on it.

First of all, you need to register a company. Note that its activity will be considered trade in small products, so it can be started even before the individual entrepreneur opens. After this, you need to take care of the appropriate premises and equipment. But let's take things in order. First, you need to obtain a license for this type of activity, and also coordinate everything with the fire organization and the SES. To obtain all the documents you will need about 200 thousand rubles.

When all the paperwork has been settled, you can start looking for premises for a plastic bottle recycling line. The area of ​​such premises must be at least 3,000 square meters. m. It is desirable that it be located outside the city.

It could be an abandoned warehouse or factory, the main thing is that all necessary communications are connected to it. The premises must be divided into three parts (this should be remembered when drawing up a business plan):

• for raw materials;
• for finished products;
• directly for production.

Price and configuration of equipment for processing plastic bottles

Now about the equipment. The minimum price of equipment for processing PET bottles is 4 million + 400 thousand for installation. Mandatory elements of the production workshop are:

• agglomerator (≈ 222 thousand);
• granulation line (≈ 1-2 million);
• rotary chopper (≈1.5 million).

It is worth noting that this is only the minimum set required to set up a line for processing plastic bottles. Below is a list of components of the finished line:

• bath for soaking flex;
• dynamic centrifuge designed for harsh cleaning of plastic from labels, dirt residues, etc.;
• hot bath. Water heated to a temperature of 60 degrees, in combination with sodium phosphate, provides maximum effective cleaning flex;
• a dispenser that supplies cereal in equal portions into pipes with hot air;
• a friction auger that accumulates flex and transports it to the soaking bath. It, in turn, consists of: an inclined auger, a storage hopper, a flushing system;
• The rinse bath is used to wash away detergent residue from the flakes.

Of course, you can also acquire domestic equipment, it will be much cheaper (about 1 million), but in this case you should not be surprised at the low power or breakdowns. Although there is a third option - buying used equipment can save you up to 50% of the cost.

Among manufacturers of equipment for plastic recycling, the leading positions are occupied by Herbold, Shredder, Sorema, RIKO RT, Redoma and others. Note that most of the equipment used today is manufactured in China.

As for domestic manufacturers, the quality of their products is significantly inferior even to Chinese ones; one of the few exceptions is the company “Machines and Technologies”.

Video: "Plastic bottle recycling line"

Raw materials

Organizing the supply of raw materials is perhaps the easiest stage of production. Raw materials in our case This PET containers, which are abundant in every city. There are several ways to extract raw materials:

• install special garbage containers around the city for sorting, several new ones instead of one old one. They need to be labeled “Glass”, “Plastic”, etc. so that people throwing out garbage can sort it themselves. In addition, the city authorities will be on your side - they are always happy to have new trash cans;
• send people directly to the solid waste landfill so that they sort the garbage there, as they say, “on the spot.” This method is less expensive, since you do not have to spend money on purchasing additional containers;
• organize collection points for PET bottles. Today they pay about 10-20 cents per kilogram, the waste is small, especially compared to purchasing trash cans or sending people to the city landfill. Please note that we will reuse and recycle plastic bottles rather than accept them, so it is better not to establish our own collection points, but to enter into an agreement with existing ones. You can conclude an appropriate agreement with the city’s waste collection services regarding the regular supply of raw materials. Moreover, the cost of one ton is approximately $100;
• Another option is a deposit scheme. It consists of arranging for the return of used packaging back to points of sale for a certain fee.

Profitability and payback of business

This point of the business plan should be key when planning production. First of all, let's decide on the personnel. We need a minimum:

• 4-5 workers;
• accountant;
• a couple of people to control the production process;
• manager.

It turns out that the average waste of a start-up enterprise for processing PET containers will be:

• 4 million rubles for the purchase and installation of all necessary equipment;
• 400 thousand rubles to pay for utilities and rent of premises;
• other expenses - 200 thousand.

It turns out to be approximately 4.6 million, plus employee wages - another 270 thousand.

The recycled material can be sold at 2.9 million per ton (depending on the color of the plastic). If the enterprise operates 23 days a month for 8 hours, producing a ton of finished products per day, then the monthly profit in “pure” form will be 300-350 thousand.

If you follow the developed business plan, then the costs of opening production will pay off in a year and a half, but provided that the production itself is properly organized. In addition to the fact that recycling PET containers can be quite a profitable activity, it should also bring moral satisfaction from the fact that a person is contributing to improving the environmental situation on the planet.