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How to learn Russian on your own. How foreigners learn Russian to avoid difficulties

In an effort to master fashionable and prestigious languages - English, German, Chinese - modern young people pay less and less attention. Some do not consider this necessary, others rely on text editors, and there are those who are sure that for current activities it is quite A school course is enough.

However, employers pay attention to the literacy of documents compiled, so for many people it is important to independently study the Russian language. But is it possible to achieve desired result without a tutor?

Here are some tips from teachers:

Start with grammar. Few people have the innate ability to “feel” language. To maneuver freely among the vast majority of rules, it is enough to master textbooks for grades 5-10. It’s even easier if you had good grades in school. In this case, diagrams and humorous pictures-rules, of which there are plenty on the Internet, will help you “get back into shape.”

Try to use text editors as little as possible. Firstly, they are often wrong, and secondly, they reduce your self-confidence.

Don't relax. Self-study Russian language assumes permanent job over yourself, so even when chatting with friends you need to pay attention to spelling and punctuation.

Work on your pronunciation. Incorrect emphasis in words such as “cakes” and “call” during communication will reveal your gaps in education.

Read the classics. This is how you visually remember how certain words are written. At the same time, your choice is huge. An excellent alternative to Dostoevsky’s “boring reading” will be the works of foreign authors translated into Russian. However, before reading, you should ask for reviews about the quality of the translation.

And one more piece of advice. To improve your pronunciation, repeat after the announcers of news programs or programs on cultural channels. This is where you have the best chance of “absorbing” the thoroughbred sound. And if you want to learn with us, welcome! There is a lot on the site interesting material For

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Preparation for Russian language exams:

The most necessary from the theory:

We suggest taking tests online:

Whatever the reasons that bring a foreigner to our country, the first thing he needs to get comfortable is to master the Russian language.

Even a short stay in Russia will pose significant difficulties for those who do not have at least basic Russian speaking skills. You will have to communicate with sellers in stores and passers-by solely with the help of gestures, because not all Russians speak English well enough, not to mention more specific languages, like Japanese or Chinese. Agree, there’s nothing pleasant about something like this language barrier No. Moreover, when there are options for fairly fast and high-quality learning of the desired language.

Since not every foreigner can afford a Russian language tutor in Yaroslavl, Moscow and other cities, many decide to study on their own. And there really are chances for success, at least if you take the learning process seriously and don’t try to “in one fell swoop” cover all the subtleties of Russian spelling, phonetics and grammar. Learning will be easiest for those whose native language is semantically similar to Russian, but English speakers will have to get used to a number of features, such as the absence of articles, the presence of six cases of declension of words, as well as the specific use of soft and hard consonants. However, nothing is impossible. By following the tips below, you can achieve excellent results in just a couple of weeks:

Approach the issue of learning systematically: that is, first master the alphabet and phonetics. And only after that move on to memorizing specific words and grammatical rules.

Try to listen to live speech and read in Russian as much as possible. However, it is not at all necessary to start with classical literature. At first, periodicals and even signs on the street will be enough. This approach will allow you to understand how Russian words sound in real life, since this is not always clear from transcription, especially with regard to stress.

Communicate in Russian as often as possible, even if your skills colloquial speech leave much to be desired. In any case, it will not be possible to improve them without practice. In addition, this will be an extra chance to find new friends among the local population.

Try to get a job as a teacher for those who want to learn your native language. Many people need a good tutor in German, French or Spanish. And in this way you can quickly increase your lexicon In russian language. Plus you will receive additional income.

Classes should be daily - use every free minute to improve your skills. 5-10 minutes two or three times a day are enough to move forward, while long breaks in study are fraught with the fact that the rules and words will be forgotten, and everything will have to start from scratch.

Don’t despair if Russian grammar doesn’t come right away – gradually, with practice, you will definitely gain an understanding of the general principles.

Can every Russian language tutor teach a foreigner to speak? Certainly,No. To do this, you need to know not only your native language, but also the language of your student. Besides,master teaching methods specifically for foreigners. We have selected useful tips and examples of techniques for beginning tutors.

Russian speech should surround your student everywhere

If you have not graduated from the Faculty of Russian Language as a Foreign Language (Russian as a foreign language), then now you have the opportunity to fill the gap - complete courses or learn one of the techniques yourself using manuals and video lessons.

Many specific techniques have been developed, and, of course, not a single one can be fully described in the article: they are contained in “thick” manuals. Therefore, let us dwell on some teaching principles.

It is better to teach Russian to foreigners individually at first. After two months, you can move on to group classes: this will help your students quickly master speaking and build dialogues. If classes take place 3-4 times a week, you will need 120-160 hours.

The classical approach recommends that a Russian language tutor start with the alphabet. Having learned the letters and sounds, we move on to reading. At the same time, the student’s head needs to be “filled” with Russian words.
Whatever section of the language you study, pay maximum attention to spoken language: it is unlikely that a foreigner will need to write impeccably correctly, but from correct speech, which would not cause laughter among others, will largely depend on his career.
Over time, your student should learn to distinguish ambiguous words, the meaning of which depends on the context. For example, cream as a cosmetic product and cream as a confectionery product.
Watch films together in Russian, for example, the famous comedies of Ryazanov or Gaidai, because everything related to humor is easier to remember. If your student doesn't understand funny situations, explain them.

Examples of techniques

A good methodology course was developed by Moscow State University teachers. It’s called “Teaching RFL”. It can be learned remotely in 12 days, and after completing the course, the Russian language tutor receives teaching materials who will help conduct classes. The good thing about the course is that it excludes unnecessary theory and only provides knowledge that is specifically needed in practice.

Let’s take, for example, a topic such as methods of teaching cases to foreigners. In general, cases are the most difficult for foreigners. If Russian-speaking schoolchildren need to be explained the spelling of unstressed case endings (in the field, on the desk) - they hear “i” and write “e”, then foreigners need to be taught which case to use in which case.

For example, “I’m walking along the path” - dative case, “I’m walking without a coat” - genitive case, “I’m walking with a friend” - instrumental case etc. This can only be practiced in speech, so a Russian language tutor should select as many speaking exercises as possible. You will find many different dialogues in the manual “My Friends Cases” (authors: Bulgakova, Zakharenko, Krasnykh).

The author of another technique, Natalya Karapetyan, reminds that there is a State educational standard according to RCT. According to this standard, elementary level includes 800 words, basic - 1300, level 1 - 2300, etc. Since it is important to choose the right words to study at each level, she developed selection criteria. There are three of them:

Frequency of use.
The possibility of including them in a particular topic (for example, “In the store”, “The road home”).
Compatibility (big - small, go - move away - move, etc.).

Based on these three principles, words are selected for each level.

And in conclusion - let the Russian language tutor not forget to put himself in the place of a foreigner, whose native language simply does not have some Russian letters and sounds, who is accustomed to the fact that every word in a sentence in his language has its own specific place. Don’t be surprised if he asks: “Why can’t you say I don’t have money? After all, they say, “I have money?” Explain everything patiently, and most importantly, encourage him to talk and talk!

Lecture by N.V. Kulibina “ Practical course teaching RFL":

Take it for yourself and tell your friends!

Step #2. Increase your vocabulary

Avoid using words whose meaning you do not understand. It will help to expand the area of knowledge in terms of Russian speech Dictionary. If the value is unknown foreign words, refer to the World Wide Web. Such actions not only help to express oneself in a variety of ways, but also contribute to joining different segments of the population. After a month of regular practice, you will be able to find mutual language with teachers, dancers and professors. Make it a habit to learn the meaning of 3-4 words a day. It is important to learn, understand and remember the aspects learned.

Eliminate words that do not carry any semantic meaning. These include “not the month of May.” May is a specific period called a month. It cannot be a year or an hour. Also common examples that do not represent separate information are considered to be “step back”, “raise up”, etc.

Step #4. Retell the information received

Psychologists advise standing in front of a mirror and talking to the reflection. Of course, this technique makes sense to try. But there is another way that allows a person to learn literacy. Once a week, gather your friends together (at least 4-5 people) and retell to them the knowledge you have previously acquired. Looked interesting film? Highlight the essence and try to present the plot in an interesting, concise manner, without unnecessary preludes.

Watch the audience's reaction. If listeners yawn, lower their eyes, or ask questions that are not related to the topic, they are bored. In this case, you have 2 options: independently analyze what exactly you did wrong, or contact your opponents directly. A common mistake The new “retellers” are the excessive use of pronouns instead of calling the characters by name.

Step #5. Avoid tautology

A tautology is a figure of speech when a speaker uses words that are close in meaning or have the same root. Such phrases make it difficult to understand, so they should be avoided. An example of a tautology can be considered “oil oil” or “similar analogue”. Remember, this rule is fundamental to competent speech.

To learn how to select appropriate words, you can watch announcers on radio or TV, and then analyze their mistakes. People who have a main job should take a closer look at the remote activity of writing articles. Copywriting forces you to select words that are identical in meaning but different in pronunciation.

Step #6. read books

Classic literature is rightfully considered a model artistic speech. Unconsciously, you will begin to adopt words and expressions from books that are ideal for a certain situation. Don't expect that 15 minutes of reading every day will make your speech literate. This process must be allocated at least 2-4 hours a day.

After a month, the information you read will make itself felt, you will no longer experience difficulties in choosing words and constructing sentences. People who learn through mastery fiction, are called well-read. This happens for the reason that a person begins to express himself in words that he once learned and learned at the subconscious level.

Step #7. Watch your speech

There are a lot of slangs in the Russian language that are intended for specific situations. In an official setting and during public speaking before the upper strata of the population it is necessary to use professional vocabulary. When talking with friends or “ordinary” people, you should give preference to youth slang. Regarding expressive jargon, avoid it altogether. The words “hut”, “bucks”, “car” do not intersect with literate speech in any way.

Video: how to learn to speak beautifully

It's been a few months now and you're still having trouble forming sentences and understanding oral speech? Perhaps the chosen method is not suitable for you. Believe in yourself! We, in turn, offer you some tips on how to learn Russian easily and, most importantly, quickly.

Tip 1. Immerse yourself in the language environment as deeply as possible. Tune to Russian radio stations, watch movies and news, look for video lessons in Russian, communicate in in social networks. Using an intermediary language during learning, on the one hand, you make the task easier for yourself, but at the same time your subconscious “relaxes,” turning off the intuitive recognition of lexical and grammatical structures.

Tip 2. Learn words in conjunction with the most common phrases. Thus, along with vocabulary, you simultaneously master the rather complex grammar of the Russian language. The ability to use words in the right context, construct sentences and formulate questions correctly is developed precisely by memorizing phrases and subsequent analysis of similar constructions.

Tip 3. Pay more attention to the aspect of the language for which you started learning. For example, if it is important to you written language, complete grammar tasks, want to freely perceive information by ear, watch films, listen to music. If we're talking about on how to learn Russian for communication, look for interlocutors. Only by constantly practicing can you speak quickly.

Tip 4. Exercise for at least 10 minutes, but every day. Start by reviewing the material you have covered. Everything here is similar to sports training: regular exercises teach your thinking and articular apparatus to work the way they work for native speakers.

Tip 5. Motivate yourself to succeed. Perhaps you want to read the works of Russian writers in the original, or travel around the country on your own, or even find your soulmate. Let this goal be constantly present in your thoughts, inspiring you and fueling your desire to learn Russian as quickly as possible!

We recommend classes with online tutors at home! The tutor you choose will help you firmly grasp the basic vocabulary and learn to freely express your thoughts in any situation, and will also help you prepare for exams! All the benefits are obvious! Trial lesson for free!