Military wheeled armored personnel carriers BTR 152. Use in combat

The main medium armored personnel carrier of the Soviet Army from the 50s to the early 60s. Intended to transport two squads of motorized infantry with a heavy machine gun. It was developed in the special department of KEO ZIS since November 1946 on the basis of components and assemblies of the ZIS-151 off-road truck. Adopted by the Decree of the USSR Council of Ministers of March 24, 1950. Serial production was carried out from 1950 to 1962 by the ZIS (ZIL) and BAZ plants. 12,421 units produced.

SERIAL MODIFICATIONS:

BTR-152 (ZIS-152) - the first production version. The rationally shaped supporting body, open at the top, was welded from rolled armor plates with a thickness of 6, 8, 10 and 13 mm. The SG-43 or SGM machine gun could be mounted on one of four brackets along the perimeter of the hull. There were side doors for landing the crew, and a door in the rear of the hull for landing. There were six holes in the sides of the hull, closed with flaps, for firing from personal weapons. Combat weight 8.6 tons. Engine ZIS-123 with a power of 110 hp. Wheel formula 6x6. A 10RT-12 radio station was installed on some of the vehicles. Crew 2 people plus 17 paratroopers. Serial production from July 1950 to 1955. 4,923 units produced.

BTR-152A (object 140A, ZIS-152A) - anti-aircraft armored personnel carrier based on the BTR-152. The ZTPU-2 anti-aircraft gun is mounted on a pedestal in the troop compartment and consists of two 14.5 mm KPV machine guns. The maximum elevation angle of machine guns is +90°, declination -5°. For shooting at ground targets there was an OP-1-14 telescopic sight, for air targets - red dot sight VK-4. Ammunition capacity: 1200 rounds. Combat weight 8.6 tons. Installation crew - 3 people. The landing party was reduced to 6 people. Serial production from 1952 to 1955. 719 units produced.

BTR-152V (ZIS-152V) is the world's first serial wheeled armored personnel carrier with high-profile tires with adjustable pressure. Engine EIS-123V. Preheater. Air compressor increased productivity and an external air supply system to the tires. Winch. SGMB machine gun, 7.62 mm caliber. Combat weight 8.95 tons. Serial production from October 1955 to 1959. 2904 units were produced.

BTR-152E is an anti-aircraft armored personnel carrier based on the BTR-152V. From 1955 to 1957, 160 units were manufactured.

BTR-152S - mobile command post and a communications vehicle with an armored hull of increased height based on the BTR-152V. Total height -2820 mm. Radio station R-118. From 1955 to 1959, 272 units were manufactured.

BTR-152K (1957) - BTR-152V with a troop compartment increased in height by 300 mm and covered with a roof from 8 mm armor. The roof had a longitudinal hatch with three hinged covers, hatches for firing personal weapons and viewing devices with triplex glass blocks. Night observation device for driver-mechanic TVN-2. Landing party 13 people.

BTR-152V1

BTR-152V

BTR-152V1 (ZIS-152V1) -BTR-152V with an internal air supply system to the tires. Driver's night device TVN-2, troop compartment heater, hot air blowing system for windshields, blackout attachments for headlights, radio station R-113. Improved engine and chassis units, unified with the ZIL-157 truck. Serial production from October 1958 to 1962.

BTR-152K1 - BTR-152K with an internal air supply system to the tires. Serial production from 1959 to 1962.

BTR-152S1 - BTR-152S with an internal air supply system to the tires. Serial production from 1959 to 1962.

BTR-152I (ZIL-152I) - control vehicle based on the BTR-152V and BTR-152V1. A tall closed building with workplaces for communication operators. Ventilation and heating systems in the parking lot. Serial production from 1957 to 1962.

BTR-152E1 - BTR-152V1 in export version for the Middle East.

BTR-152Yu1 - BTR-152V1 in southern export version.

BTR-152T1 - BTR-152V1 in tropical export version with enhanced cooling and tropical version of electrical equipment.

BTR-152s began to arrive in motorized rifle units of the Soviet Army in the second half of 1950. Their development proceeded quickly, as evidenced by the participation large quantity of these vehicles in the parade on November 7, 1951 in Moscow. BTR-152s were also supplied to armored units, where they were used as escort vehicles and Maintenance.

The BTR-152 and BTR-152V received their baptism of fire during the events of 1956 in Hungary, where these open-top vehicles turned out to be easily vulnerable, especially in populated areas. The result of this experience was the appearance of the completely enclosed BTR-152K.

In addition to the Soviet Army, the BTR-152 was used in border and internal troops. As more modern armored personnel carriers entered the army, these vehicles were transferred from motorized rifle troops to the engineering and chemical troops, as well as to DOSAAF organizations. In the “rear” military districts, the latest modifications of the BTR-152 served in service until the early 70s. This armored personnel carrier was removed from service with the Russian Army in 1993.

Export deliveries of BTR-152 began in the mid-50s. First of all, they entered the armies of the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact. In 1955-1959, for example, friendly armies received 924 BTR-152V and 80 BTR-152E. In a special export version - BTR-152E1 - these vehicles arrived in the Middle East. In particular, in 1956, the Egyptian army already had 60 armored personnel carriers of this type, which took part in hostilities. In the early 60s, a large batch of BTR-152V1 was sold to Indonesia.

As of 1995, BTR-152 of various modifications were still in service in Albania, Angola, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Egypt, Israel, India, Iraq, Iran, Yemen, Cambodia, China, Congo (20 units), Cuba, North Korea, Laos (40), Mali (8), Mozambique (60), Namibia (6), Nicaragua (100), Syria, Sudan, Seychelles(4), Tanzania, Uganda, Central African Republic (4), Equatorial Guinea (8) and Ethiopia. In a number of countries, armored personnel carriers have undergone modernization. Thus, the Egyptian and Afghan armies used the anti-aircraft version of the BTR-152 with a quadruple installation of Czechoslovak-made DShK heavy machine guns. In a number of cases, a twin Soviet 23-mm EU-23-2 mount was mounted in the back of an armored personnel carrier, and in Yemen, a self-propelled gun was created on the basis of the BTR-152 using the American 20-mm six-barreled automatic gun M163 “Vulcan”.

The largest modernization of the BTR-152 was carried out in Israel by Nimda in the early 80s. The vehicle received a General Motors diesel engine and a hydromechanical transmission, Israeli-style weapons and communications equipment. Called "Shoet", these armored personnel carriers are in service with the Israeli army.

BTR-152A

BTR-152K

BTR-152S

TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BTR-152V1

COMBAT WEIGHT, t: 8.95. CREW, people: 2.

LANDING, people: 17.

OVERALL DIMENSIONS, mm: length -6830, width - 2320, body height - 2050, machine gun height - 2410, wheelbase - 3880, front/rear wheel track -1755/1750, ground clearance -295.

ARMAMENT: 1 SGMB machine gun model 1949, 7.62 mm caliber.

AMMUNITION: 1250 rounds.

RESERVATION, mm: hull front -14, side -9...11, stern - 9, MTO roof - 5, control compartment roof - 8, bottom - 4.

ENGINE: EIS-123V, 6-cylinder, carburetor, in-line, liquid cooling; power 110 hp at 3000 rpm, displacement 5,550 cm3 3 .

TRANSMISSION: double-disc dry friction clutch, five-speed gearbox with three-speed power take-off for winch, two-speed transfer case, cardan drives, final drives.

CHASSIS: 6x6 wheel formula, tire size 12.00-18", tire air pressure adjustable from 0.5 to 3 kg/cm 2 , front axle suspension on two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs and two lever-type hydraulic shock absorbers, balanced suspension of the middle and rear axles on two semi-elliptical springs, supported in the middle part on swinging hubs.

MAX. SPEED, km/h: 70.

POWER RESERVE, km: 780.

OBSTACLES TO OVERCOME: ascent angle, degrees. - 36; ditch width, m - 0.9; wall height, m ​​- 0.5; ford depth, m - 1.

COMMUNICATIONS: radio station R-113.

Main characteristics

Briefly

Details

3.0 / 3.0 / 3.0 BR

5 people Crew

101% Visibility

forehead / side / stern Booking

13 / 10 / 8 housings

0 / 0 / 0 towers

Mobility

8.6 tons Weight

210 l/s 110 l/s Engine power

24 hp/t 13 hp/t specific

90 km/h forward
20 km/h back82 km/h forward
18 km/h back Speed

Armament

1,200 rounds of ammunition

8.0 / 10.4 sec recharge

150 shells clip size

600 rounds/min rate of fire

5° / 89° UVN

Economy

Description

The BTR-152A ZSU with a ZPU-2 anti-aircraft gun in the back (with two coaxial 14.5 mm KPVT machine guns) was made on the basis of the BTR-152 armored personnel carrier. The BTR-152A ZSU was mass-produced in 1952-55 at the ZiS plant, 719 vehicles were produced. BTR-152A (in development - object "140A") began to be worked on almost immediately after the completion of layout work on the main version of object "140" (BTR-152), with the aim of obtaining a mobile anti-aircraft weapon to cover motorized rifle columns on the march.

Main characteristics

Armor protection and survivability

The armor is designed to protect against 7.62 mm bullets. The fighting compartment is open at the top, and the cabin is protected from above by 6 mm armor. With some luck, from medium to long distances (more than 500 m), the frontal projection can withstand fire from a 12.7 mm machine gun, but the engine compartment radiator shutters have slots where bullets can fly in and damage the engine. The ZSU crew consists of 5 people - the driver and commander in the cockpit, and the gunner and 2 loaders in the fighting compartment in the back, which does not give the worst survivability.

Mobility

In RB and SB modes, the car is heavy and the engine is rather weak. Mobility is quite poor, ratio Horse power per ton is not outstanding - only 97 hp for 8.6 tons. You shouldn’t expect the same nimble mobility as the ZSU based on Gas trucks. Maneuverability is also not great due to the weak engine, although we have a 6x6 chassis with all-wheel drive, which promises good cross-country ability. Good speed It can only be achieved downhill, and the maximum speed of 83 km/h is only on asphalt roads. The reverse speed is good: 18-19 km/h, which makes it possible to quickly retreat and turn around. In AB mode, engine power and maximum speed increased to 156 hp and 90 km/h.

Armament

View from above

The main armament is a coaxial ZPU-2 installation (anti-aircraft machine gun installation) with 2x14.5 mm KPVT machine guns (Vladimirov tank heavy machine gun). The machine gun has a fairly good rate of fire of 600 rpm, excellent ballistics - starting speed bullets about 1000 m/s. The machine guns are powered by belts in boxes containing 150 rounds, so reloading is therefore quite long: 10.4 seconds. The turret traverse speed is 32.2 degrees per second, which is quite good among its competitors.

KPVT machine gun (14.5 mm)

The KPVT machine guns of the BTR-152A ZSU have a wide range of excellent cartridges for different purposes - both against armored vehicles ( varying degrees effectiveness) and against aircraft. It is worth highlighting MDZ cartridges here (in fact high-explosive fragmentation shells), which are ideal against airplanes. There is also a regular armor-piercing incendiary cartridge. There is also an excellent cartridge with an armor-piercing incendiary bullet BS-41 (with a metal-ceramic core made of tungsten carbide), which gives the KPV machine gun maximum armor penetration; by the way, it was these cartridges that were equipped with PTRS and PTRD anti-tank guns in World War II. These rounds can also shoot down aircraft, damaging their modules and setting them on fire. The best to use would be the top belt called “BZT”, which contains all these cartridges and, most importantly, the most penetrating cartridge BS-41.

Use in combat

This ZSU copes perfectly with the task of shooting down aircraft - powerful machine guns with a good rate of fire, ballistics, and ammunition, they can easily shoot down any aircraft, limited only by slow reloading. When hunting for planes, you can stay near the respawn for safety or support your tanks from behind, covering them from planes or tanks. The turret rotates quickly, making it easier to shoot and target any target. Thanks to the strong penetration of its machine guns (especially the BZT belt), this ZSU can itself hunt light-medium tanks and ZSU, but the weak engine imposes restrictions on mobility.

Advantages and disadvantages

Overall, this is a good ZSU with powerful and effective weapons, but not the fastest mobility and reloading do not make it ideal.

Advantages:

• High rate of fire of machine guns and initial speed of bullets
• Excellent BZT belt with the BS-41 cartridge, penetrating many tanks into the side with its BR
• Good vehicle layout, crew separation, as a result - increased survivability
• Powerful explosive explosive cartridges against aircraft

Flaws:

• Low specific engine power, which does not allow you to climb slopes without gaining speed, general clumsiness at low speeds
• Open top fighting compartment
• Weak armor
• Long reload time for machine guns

Historical reference

Truck ZIS-151 - base for BTR-152

Even at the beginning of World War II, during the Polish campaign of the Wehrmacht (39th year) and the French campaign (40th year), it became clear that the Germans had developed and successfully used a new class of combat vehicles - armored personnel carriers. In accordance with new trends in military doctrine - maneuver warfare, the theory of deep breakthroughs by mechanized units, armored personnel carriers solved the issue of infantry mobility and transporting it to the battlefield right up to the deployment line. Armored personnel carriers turned out to be especially effective when pursuing a retreating enemy and consolidating on the terrain left by him. In addition, the family of German half-track armored personnel carriers served as an excellent basis for a mass of specialized equipment for both shock and auxiliary purposes.

All this could not but interest military specialists from the countries of the anti-Hitler coalition, who, in turn, began the development of such equipment. The Americans achieved some success by creating a fairly successful family of M3 half-track vehicles. The British took a slightly different path and their Universal transporter was purely tracked.

Unfortunately, before the war, no combat vehicles of this class were created in the Soviet Union, except for the experienced BA-22, unarmed, on a 6x4 cargo chassis and capable of serving rather as a protected ambulance transport. During the war, the creation of such machines was all the more difficult, although certain attempts took place. Let's say, at the end of 1942, the option of creating an analogue of the German Sd.Kfz.251 on the newly developed ZiS-42 half-track chassis was being explored. But a frankly weak engine, the lack of drive to the front axle and the general unreliability of the tracked propulsion system doomed such an attempt to failure.

The topic of creating a full-fledged armored personnel carrier was returned only after the war, and for some time there was a dispute between supporters of a half-track design modeled on the Germans or Americans (one of the ardent supporters was, for example, Marshal Konev, who highly appreciated the Lend-Lease M3, which he used during the war) and purely wheel design with all-wheel drive. Ultimately we settled on a wheeled design. Two armored personnel carriers went into development at once - light and heavy. There was no particular choice with the base of the light armored personnel carrier; it became the GAZ-63 (4x4) truck, which was tested in 1943, while for the heavy armored personnel carrier the base for some time was chosen between the ZiS-121 wheeled chassis and the ZiS-153 half-track, but ultimately settled on the 6x6 wheeled version.

BTR-152A on a pontoon crossing

Following the results of World War II, the command of the Soviet Army fully realized the need for a new type of armored vehicles - armored personnel carriers. Any military equipment is created to order. In this case, what was required was a massive and inexpensive armored vehicle with high cross-country ability, with improved mobility and maneuverability on the battlefield, capable of delivering a squad (or two) of infantry with weapons to the enemy’s front line reliably and with minimal losses in conditions of machine-gun fire and fragmentation counteraction. to the battlefield under the protection of armor and the cover of their machine guns, often following the attacking tanks.

Hence the main thing - the chassis and chassis of an armored personnel carrier must confidently overcome heavy field off-road conditions, including deep snow, loose sand, swampy meadows, as well as deep ditches, ditches, fords, steep climbs with weak slope surfaces - in a word, everything that can be successfully passed through tanks. Work on the “140” machine began in November 1946 in a relatively small special department of KEO ZIS under the leadership of the chief designer of the plant, Candidate of Technical Sciences B.M. Fitterman (1910-1991). According to his later confessions, he loved such unusual and complex, but very interesting tasks, and during the war years he gained experience in solving them, creating a diverse military equipment(submachine guns, mortars, armored personnel carriers, artillery tractors).

BTR-152A with two KPVT

The designed armored personnel carrier received the factory designation ZIS-152, its chassis - ZIS-123, armored hull, weapons installation, and communication system ZIS-100. The “123” chassis was based on the now classic three-axle design. It was distinguished by a separate blocked drive, a three-shaft transfer case (with two reduction gears), solid drive axles with non-locking cross-axle differentials, and a spring-balanced rear bogie suspension.

BTR-152A with four KPVT

The design was based on the main components of the ZIS 151 chassis. Its transmission was almost completely used: clutch, gearbox, steering gear, all drive axles. That's why general form The armored personnel carrier took shape immediately, almost impromptu, under the influence of the high creative mood with which everyone was working then. And the first layout of the vehicle and its armored hull was made by B.M. Fitterman himself.

This satisfied the army's need for a reliable armored personnel carrier, but new problem. Soviet motorized rifle formations felt an urgent need for protection from low-flying enemy aircraft. And again, the ZIS plant found a solution - the place of the BTR-152 cargo compartment was taken by a turret with a ZPU-2 anti-aircraft gun. The turret was equipped with two large-caliber 14.5 mm machine guns, which had to be controlled by one shooter. The vehicle could fire at aircraft flying at an altitude of less than a kilometer and at speeds below 600 km/h. The anti-aircraft armored personnel carrier was named BTR-152A. The development was considered successful, and mass production began in 1952. Over three years, 719 cars were built, after which their production was stopped. In 1955, several prototypes of the BTR-152A with the ZPTU-4 anti-aircraft gun were manufactured. During cold war The BTR-152 was used by many countries around the world, including in Asia and Africa.

Media

BTR-152A in the museum in Kubinka

Cars of the Soviet Army 1946-1991 Kochnev Evgeniy Dmitrievich

Armored personnel carriers ZIS-152 (BTR-152) (1947-1959)

Armored personnel carriers ZIS-152 (BTR-152) (1947-1959)

In November 1946, in the special department of the Moscow Automobile Plant, under the leadership of chief designer B. M. Fitterman, the development of “object 140” or the first three-axle armored personnel carrier began ZIS-152 with an open supporting body and all single wheels with the same track, made on the units of the ZIS-151 truck. In 1947, a trial batch of 12 armored vehicles was built and submitted for testing, and then the armored personnel carrier was put into service on March 24, 1950 under the designation BTR-152. In June of the same year, its serial production began, and for the first time BTR-152 vehicles passed through Red Square on November 7, 1951.

Serial open armored personnel carrier BTR-152 with single wheels. 1950

The basis of the first basic armored personnel carrier BTR-152 was a special short-wheelbase chassis ZIS-123 - a shortened version of the ZIS-121 chassis for the ZIS-151 truck without a spar frame, which was replaced by a supporting armored hull. Its wheelbase was 3840 mm, the base of the rear bogie remained unchanged (1120 mm). The first BTR-152 also used a 6-cylinder 5.55-liter gasoline engine with a new drop-flow carburetor, boosted to 110 hp. and renamed ZIS-123, dry double-disc clutch, 5-speed gearbox with a two-stage transfer case, reinforced suspension on extended longitudinal semi-elliptical springs with hydraulic shock absorbers and drum brakes with pneumatic drive. Initially, the cars were equipped with a small-sized radiator with a six-blade fan and shielded electrical equipment, and since 1953 - preheater. Like the truck, the armored vehicle received two fuel tanks with a total capacity of 300 liters, but had slightly expanded 10-ply tube tires measuring 9.00 - 20. On the first releases of the BTR-152, an open welded ZIS-100 hull of a lowered location with a thick front and side was mounted armor 10 - 13 mm, two side doors in the cockpit and a rear landing compartment to accommodate 17 soldiers with a double-leaf aft door. Standard armament consisted of one 7.62-mm heavy machine gun SG-43 with 1250 rounds of ammunition, which could be installed in various places in the hull. A number of vehicles also included a 10-RT-12 tank radio.

The combat weight of the first BTR-152 without a winch was 8600 kg. dimensions– 6550x2320x2000 mm. The front and rear tracks had the same size - 1660 mm. Ground clearance under bridges is 285 mm. On the highway, the armored personnel carrier developed a maximum speed of 75 km/h, and on the ground it overcame a longitudinal slope with a steepness of up to 34°, a lateral roll of 20°, ditches and ditches 0.8 m wide and a ford up to 0.9 m deep. Depending on traffic conditions its power reserve was 550 – 600 km.

Until 1955, 4,923 BTR-152 armored vehicles were built, including 3,333 units with radio stations. The production of armored hulls for them was carried out by the Murom Locomotive Plant and military enterprise No. 177 - the Vyksa Crushing and Grinding Equipment Plant (DRO). Even during the production process and upon completion of production, this armored personnel carrier served as the basis for a fairly extensive family, briefly presented below.

BTR-152A(ZTPU-2) - an anti-aircraft version of the serial armored personnel carrier BTR-152. It was developed in parallel with it as “object 140A” or ZIS-152A. The prototype was created in 1949 and was mass-produced from 1952 to 1955 under the BTR-152A brand. Equipped with twin anti-aircraft guns launcher ZTPU-2 with two 14.5 mm KPV machine guns with a telescopic sight and 1200 rounds of ammunition. It was created on the basis of the ZPU-2 installation, developed in 1945 by designers S.V. Vladimirov and G.P. Markov and adopted for service in 1949. It was manufactured by plant No. 525. The ZPTU-2 system with an elevation angle of 89° had a rate of fire of 1,100 rounds per minute, a firing zone in range of 2,000 m and in height of 1,500 m. The BTR-152A crew consisted of four people, and in its the aft compartment accommodated six paratroopers. The height of the machine has increased to 2710 mm. The remaining parameters did not differ from the BTR-152. 719 of these armored personnel carriers were built. Their development was an experimental armored vehicle 152D(ZPTU-4) with a crew of five, built in 1952 and equipped with a quadruple 14.5 mm anti-aircraft gun.

BTR-152B– an experimental staff version of the BTR-152 armored vehicle with an increased body height and one standard machine gun. It was developed as "object 140B" and was built in 1953. It was supposed to be used as an artillery fire control vehicle. The BTR-152B was not mass-produced.

BTR-152V– the first version of the BTR-152 armored personnel carrier with a system for regulating internal air pressure in tires from the ZIS-485 amphibian. This system was first installed at the end of 1952 on the experimental ZIS-151V truck and underwent comparative tests in the winter of 1952/53, and in mid-1953 it was mounted on the production BTR-152 armored personnel carrier. The prototype "object 140V" or ZIS-152V was equipped with new extended tires of size 12.00 - 18 with an external arrangement of air pipelines, a 7.62 mm machine gun and a winch under the bow armored hood with a traction force of 4.5 tf. In the winter of 1954, it was tested at a tank training ground near Moscow in Kubinka, where low blood pressure in tires showed cross-country ability on snow higher than the average T-34 tank. On the recommendation of the First Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR, Marshal G.K. Zhukov, repeated comparative tests of the new armored vehicle were carried out in June 1954, which turned out to be so successful that the BTR-152V was immediately put into service. According to the military, in addition to high cross-country ability, inflation ensured the survivability of the armored personnel carrier by maintaining operating pressure in the tires or slowing down its decline for a long time. The first batch of 20 vehicles was built in the fall of 1954, and from next year BTR-152V entered serial production.

The new armored personnel carrier was based on the extended chassis of the ZIS-123V with a wheelbase of 3880 mm (compared to the ZIS-123, the increase was only 40 mm). At the same time, the front track increased to 1742 mm, the rear – to 1720 mm, and with the use of new tires, the ground clearance reached 295 mm (+10 mm). The ZIS-123V engine was equipped with an aluminum cylinder head, a new two-chamber carburetor, a sealed crankcase and modified components, but its power did not change. The modernized ZIS-100V hull with a more rational arrangement of armor plates received frontal armor reinforced to 14 mm and an improved SGMB machine gun. Compared to the base model BTR-152, the overall length increased to 6830 mm (+280 mm), height - to 2050 mm (+50 mm). The curb weight reached 6830 kg, and the combat weight increased to 8950 kg. The maximum speed was reduced to 70 km/h, and the range increased to 780 km. Until 1959, the plant assembled 2904 BTR-152V vehicles.

Anti-aircraft BTR-152E (ZTPU-2). On the background - radar station P-10.

Based on the BTR-152V, several more special experimental and small-scale versions were created. In 1956, the plant built two samples of this armored personnel carrier with two and four lifting rollers under the body, similar to BRDM armored vehicles, but without a mechanical drive. In 1955 - 1957, 160 armored personnel carriers were produced BTR-152E(ZTPU-2) with a twin 14.5-mm anti-aircraft gun, and in 1955 - 1959 - 272 command and staff vehicles 152С with increased armored hull height and R-118 radio station. From 1957 to 1962, a closed control machine was in production 152I(R-118AM) with a high superstructure with ventilation, heating and four bullet-resistant glasses covered with armored covers. In 1957 - 1959 a variant was produced 152K with a new completely enclosed hull with an armored roof made of 8 mm steel and a longitudinal hatch with three covers, in which the landing party was reduced to 13 people. There were no standard weapons provided here. Compared to the BTR-152V vehicle, the overall height increased by 300 mm and reached 2350 mm, but the combat weight did not change. To these should be added the experimental BTR-E152V with three evenly spaced axles. In parallel, in 1960 - 1962, a number of variants of the BTR-152 armored personnel carriers were assembled by the Bryansk Automobile Plant (BAZ), and the Moscow Plant produced its new modifications of armored vehicles using units of the ZIL-157 truck.

BTR-152S command vehicle with a high armored hull and external inflation. 1958

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From the author's book

CHAPTER 6 Second round of the 1947 competition The designers were forced to urgently start modernizing their weapons. The hardest thing was for M.T. Kalashnikov, because his model had the most complaints. It was necessary not only to improve a number of details that during operation,

The armored vehicles of Russia and the world, photos, videos, watch online, were significantly different from all their predecessors. To provide a large reserve of buoyancy, the height of the hull was noticeably increased, and to improve stability, its cross section was given a trapezoidal shape. The required bullet resistance to the hull was provided by rolled cemented armor with an additionally hardened outer layer of the KO brand (Kulebaki-OGPU). In the manufacture of the hull, armor plates were welded on the inner soft side, and special stocks were used to facilitate assembly. To simplify the installation of the units, the upper armor plates of the hull were made removable with a seal on fabric gaskets lubricated with red lead.

Armored vehicles of the Second World War in which the crew of two people was located near the longitudinal axis at the back of each other's heads, but the turret with weapons was shifted 250 mm to the left side. The power unit is shifted to the starboard side in such a way that access for engine repairs was possible from inside the tank's fighting compartment after removing the safety partition. At the rear of the tank, along the sides, there were two gas tanks with a capacity of 100 liters each, and directly behind the engine there was a radiator and a heat exchanger, washed by sea water when moving afloat. At the stern, in a special niche, there was a propeller with navigable rudders. The balance of the tank was chosen in such a way that when afloat it had a slight trim to the stern. The propeller was driven by a cardan shaft from a power take-off mounted on the gearbox housing.

Armored vehicles of the USSR in January 1938, at the request of the head of the ABTU D. Pavlov, the tank’s armament was to be strengthened by installing a 45-mm semi-automatic gun or a 37-mm automatic gun, and in the case of installing a semi-automatic gun, the crew was to be increased to three people. The tank's ammunition was supposed to consist of 61 rounds for the 45 mm cannon and 1,300 rounds for the machine gun. The design bureau of plant No. 185 completed two projects on the “Castle” theme, for which the Swedish Landsverk-30 tank was used as a prototype.

The Wehrmacht armored vehicles did not escape troubles with engine boost. To what has been said, we can only add that this crisis was actually overcome only in 1938, for which the tank received not only a forced engine. To strengthen the suspension, thicker leaf springs were used. Rubber tires made of neoprene, a domestic synthetic rubber, were introduced, the production of tracks from Hartfield steel by hot stamping began, and high-frequency-hardened fingers were introduced. But all these changes to the tank were not introduced simultaneously. The tank hull with inclined armor plates could not be manufactured on time. However, the conical turret of improved protection was delivered on time, and the tank with the same hull, reinforced suspension (due to the installation of thicker leaf springs), a forced engine and new tower entered testing at the NIBT test site.

Modern armored vehicles went under the code T-51. It retained the process of transition from tracks to wheels, like the prototype, by lowering special levers with wheels without a person leaving. However, after adjusting the requirements for the tank, making it a three-seater (it was decided to retain backup control for the loader), and strengthening its armament to the BT level, it was no longer possible to implement the Landsverk-type wheel drive. In addition, the tank's wheel drive transmission was overly complex. Therefore, soon work on the “Castle” theme was carried out on the T-116 tank, in which the “change of shoes” was carried out according to the BT type - by removing the track chains.

The BTR-152 armored personnel carrier was intended to transport infantry troops and was in service with rifle divisions. It was created by the design bureau of the Moscow Automobile Plant. Stalin (since 1959 - named after Likhachev), led by V.A. Grachev. The lead designer of the machine was B.M. Fitterman. The vehicle was developed to replace the M2, M3, M5 and M9 half-track armored personnel carriers returned to the United States, delivered during the Great Patriotic War. Patriotic War under Lend-Lease. The BTR-152 armored personnel carrier was adopted by order of the USSR Minister of War on March 24, 1950. It was in mass production from 1950 to 1959. at the Moscow Automobile Plant named after. Stalin and from 1959 to 1962. at the Bryansk Automobile Plant. A total of 9,900 armored personnel carriers of various modifications were produced. The BTR was removed from service in 1993. BTR-152 armored personnel carriers were exported to 24 countries.

Research and development work to create a three-axle armored personnel carrier with all drive axles began in November 1946. When designing, the armored personnel carrier had the factory designation “3IS-152.” The armored personnel carrier was developed on the basis of the components and assemblies of the ZIS-151 truck with a 6x6 wheel arrangement and had a welded load-bearing body open at the top. In the front part of the hull there was a power plant compartment, in the middle part there was a control compartment and in the aft part there was a troop compartment. Three round hatches were made in the vertical side plates of the hull for observation and firing from personal weapons. The hatches were closed with armored covers. The landing and disembarkation of the landing party, consisting of 17 people, was carried out either through the aft door or through the sides of an armored personnel carrier. The commander and driver boarded and disembarked through the side doors. With the awning installed, landing and disembarking were carried out only through the aft door.

The vehicle was armed with a 7.62 mm SGM machine gun. The first samples of armored personnel carriers were equipped with SG-43 machine guns. The machine gun ensured the destruction of enemy personnel and fire weapons that were open and located behind small folds of terrain at a distance of up to 1000 m. To install the machine gun, the upper part of the standard machine was used, which consisted of a swivel, a sector and a bed. The machine gun mount was located on one of four swivel brackets. The main bracket was installed on the upper frontal plate of the armored personnel carrier hull above the control compartment. Two brackets were located on the sides of the hull, the fourth bracket was on the cross member of the hull stern. The ammunition load for the machine gun was 1250 rounds. The BTR-152 had bulletproof hull armor with armor plate thicknesses of 6, 8, 10 and 13 mm.

The power of the six-cylinder in-line carburetor engine ZIS-123 compared to the power of the engine of the ZIS-151 car was increased and amounted to 81 kW (110 hp). The fuel system had two gasoline tanks of 150 liters each. The tanks were located in the troop compartment behind the side doors. The cruising range on the highway reached 600 km. The manual transmission included a double-disc dry friction clutch, a five-speed gearbox, a two-speed transfer case, a cardan transmission and three drive axles. The armored personnel carrier had two independently operating brake systems: a foot brake system that acted on all wheels, and a hand (parking) brake system that acted on the driven shaft of the gearbox. The double-block brakes in the foot brake system had a pneumatic servo drive. A globoidal worm and a triple roller were used in the design of the steering mechanism. The minimum turning radius of the vehicle along the outer front wheels was 10.1 m.

The front axle suspension consisted of two longitudinal semi-elliptical springs and two double-acting lever-piston hydraulic shock absorbers. The suspension of the middle and rear axles is balanced, on two longitudinal semi-elliptic springs. The wheel propulsion system used removable interchangeable disc wheels measuring 9.00-20" with low-pressure pneumatic tires and an all-terrain tread. The air pressure in the wheel tires was 392 kPa (4 kg/cm3). The electrical equipment of the machine was made according to a single-wire circuit . The nominal voltage of the on-board network was 12 V. To reduce interference with radio reception, the electrical equipment system was shielded. To ensure external two-way communication, a radio station 10 RT-12 was used. The additional equipment of the armored personnel carrier included a stern towing mechanism (hook with a double-acting spring shock absorber) and two front hook

Since 1952, the armored personnel carrier, designated BTR-152B, began to be equipped with a mechanical winch with a working traction force on the hook of 44.1 kN (4.5 tf). The winch was intended for self-pulling of armored personnel carriers in case of getting stuck when overcoming difficult sections of the road, as well as for pulling out other vehicles of the same type. A winch with a worm gear and a horizontal drum arrangement was installed in the front of the armored personnel carrier on special extensions.

In 1955, on the basis of the BTR-152B armored personnel carrier, the BTR-152V armored personnel carrier was created in the fall of the same year. Instead of the SGM machine gun, a 7.62-mm modernized SGMB machine gun was installed on it. The power plant was equipped with a ZIL-123V engine with a power of 81 kW (110 hp). The single-chamber K-81 carburetor was replaced by a two-chamber K-84 carburetor, and the VM-10 oil-inertia air cleaner was replaced by the VM-13 air cleaner with an increased degree of purification. Instead of an air-cooled compressor, an improved compressor design with liquid cooling of the cylinder head was installed. The use of a thermosiphon heater made it possible to reliably start the engine at low temperatures.

The BTR-152V armored personnel carrier was equipped centralized system regulating air pressure in tires. The maximum air pressure in the tires was 294 kPa (3 kgf/cm). Tires 12.00-18" with an increased profile significantly increased the maneuverability of armored personnel carriers on soils with low load-bearing capacity. This was also facilitated by an increase in the gear ratio of the main pair of drive axles from 6.67 to 7.6. Due to the fact that the the combat weight of the armored personnel carrier, its maximum speed decreased to 65 km/h, and its fuel range to 550 km. In 1957, the external air supply to the tires was replaced by an internal one, a TVN-2 night vision device was installed for the driver, and gasoline pump with increased performance.The vehicle, instead of the radio station 10 RT-12, began to be equipped with a more advanced radio station R-113. This modification of the armored personnel carrier received the designation BTR-152V1.

In 1959, the next modification of the BTR-152 armored personnel carrier, designated BTR-152K, was adopted by the Soviet Army. This armored personnel carrier was created on the basis of the BTR-152V1 and differed from it by the presence of an armored hull roof instead of a removable awning. The roof of the armored personnel carrier hull over the troop compartment consisted of horizontal and inclined sheets welded to the side sheets, and three armored longitudinal hatch covers. On the right and left slopes of the roof, one wide-view B-1 glass block was installed and one inspection hatch with a lid was made; a supercharger was installed in the troop compartment. To improve living conditions, a heater for the control compartment and troop compartment and a windshield blower nozzle were installed. In order to maintain the combat weight at the level of 8.95 tons, the number of landing forces was reduced from 17 to 13 riflemen. The swivel brackets of the 7.62 mm SGMB machine gun were mounted on the roof of the hull. The front (main) bracket was installed in the bow above the control compartment, the aft bracket was installed above the rear landing door. The side brackets were located: the right one - at the middle hatch, the left one - at the front hatch of the hull roof. Some BTR-152K vehicles were not equipped with a machine gun.

On the basis of the BTR-152, a family of specialized armored personnel carriers was created: BTR-152A and BTR-152E with a ZTPU-2 anti-aircraft machine gun mount.

Technical characteristics of BTR-152
Combat weight - 8.6 tons;
crew - 2 people,
landing - 17 people;
weapons: machine gun - 7.62 mm;
armor protection - bulletproof;
engine power -81 kW (110 hp);
maximum speed - 75 km/h;
wheel formula - 6x6.