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Heroes of Socialist Labor: names, merits, interesting facts. Hero of Socialist Labor

On December 27, 1938, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was established. However, the highest degree labor distinction appeared much earlier. As early as July 27, 1927, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee and the Council People's Commissars The USSR adopted a resolution establishing the title of Hero of Labor. It was assigned to leaders of socialist construction with extensive production experience. In case of exceptional services to the Soviet state, a petition was filed to award the Hero of Labor the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The first Heroes of Labor, by decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on January 2, 1928, were workers of the Vladimir textile factory " Paris Commune» N.A. Bushuev, who worked at this enterprise for 50 years and prevented an explosion in the boiler room; modelmaker of the Borisoglebsk Car Repair Plant V. M. Fedorov - for numerous rationalization proposals and forty years seniority; teacher from the city of Vilyuysk P. Kh. Starovatov - for success in pedagogical work; teacher from the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic M. Kurbangaleev - for compiling more than 50 textbooks in the Tatar language.

In total, 1014 people were awarded the title of Hero of Labor between 1928 and 1938.

The Hero of Labor was awarded a certificate from the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR with a description of his merits and benefits were established.

The newly established title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to individuals who had achieved particularly great success in various areas National economy, science, art and culture, contributing to the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.

First, the Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded the Order of Lenin and a special certificate from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. On May 22, 1940, the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was also established, with which the Heroes of Socialist Labor were awarded in addition to the Order of Lenin and the diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Golden medal"Hammer and Sickle" also had the form five-pointed star. A hammer and sickle are placed on the Star. On the back is the inscription “Hero of Socialist Labor” and the number of the medal. The author of the sketch of the Hammer and Sickle medal was the artist S. A. Pomansky.

Twice the Heroes of Socialist Labor were to have a bust erected in their homeland, and for the third award – in Moscow.

On December 20, 1939, in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth, I. V. Stalin was the first to receive the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

The second Hero was the outstanding gunsmith V. A. Degtyarev, who headed the first design bureau in the USSR to develop small arms. V. A. Degtyarev created many samples of light and heavy machine guns - aviation, tank, anti-aircraft, as well as other types of weapons. During the Great Patriotic War This weapon, improved and modernized by the designer, served Soviet soldiers and partisans well.

The fact that, following the head of the party and state, it was the weapons engineer who became the Hero of Socialist Labor was not an accident. Realizing that war was approaching, the country was rearming its army, air force and navy.

Soon this title was awarded to a large group of designers, engineers and scientists working in the defense industry. The titles of heroes were given to aircraft designers N. N. Polikarpov, A. S. Yakovlev, A. A. Mikulin, the oldest Soviet gunsmith, creator of hand-held automatic weapons F.V. Tokarev, creator of rapid-fire aircraft guns B. G. Shpitalny, mathematician and mechanic, academician S. A. Chaplygin.

On October 29, 1940, the creators of new types became Heroes of Socialist Labor artillery pieces V. G. Grabin, I. I. Ivanov and M. Ya. Krupchatnikov. All three are graduates of the F. E. Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy - outstanding scientists and designers.

During the Great Patriotic War, the creators of weapons were the first among those awarded the title of Heroes of Socialist Labor.

In 1941, it was assigned to the People's Commissar of the Aviation Industry A.I. Shakhurin, the director of one of the aircraft factories A.T. Tretyakov, the Deputy People's Commissar of the tank industry, the creator heavy tanks“KB” and “IS” to Zh. Ya. Kotin, the creator of attack aircraft and bombers, aircraft designer S. V. Ilyushin, director of the Leningrad plant named after S. M. Kirov, I. M. Zaltsman, in the most difficult time and in short term who organized mass release various types weapons.

On November 6, 1943, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On awarding the title of Hero of Socialist Labor to commanding personnel and ordinary employees of railway transport, generals, officers and rank and file” was published in newspapers railway troops" The awards were awarded to 127 people, and among them three women: A. N. Aleksandrova - senior switchwoman of the military operational department of the Kalinin Railway, A. P. Zharkova - duty officer at the Kirov Railway station and E. M. Chukhnyuk - depot locomotive driver Belarusian Railway.

It was also presented to P.F. Krivonos, one of the founders of the Stakhanov movement on the railways of the USSR, who by that time had become the head of the North Donetsk Railway. But although millions Soviet people During the war years, they worked selflessly in the rear, bringing victory closer, only 201 people were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

After the war main task was the restoration of the national economy. The Nazis inflicted enormous material damage on our country: more than 70 thousand cities and villages were turned into ruins, more than 31 thousand enterprises were put out of action, they were ruined Agriculture. It was necessary to rebuild cities and villages, plants and factories destroyed by the enemy, restore bridges and tunnels, railways and power lines.

Enormous efforts were needed to overcome all post-war difficulties. And the people found the strength to revive the country. Inspired by the Great Victory, the peoples did everything possible to quickly heal the wounds caused by the war. Hundreds of workers were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. There were especially many of them among collective farmers, state farm workers, specialists and organizers of agricultural production. Just as gunsmiths turned out to be the main heroes before the Great Patriotic War, after the war the threat of famine forced grain growers and winegrowers, milkmaids and livestock breeders to rise to the occasion.

There were many Heroes among them Soviet Union who became famous on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Among them are the famous organizers and leaders of advanced farms V. I. Golovchenko, K. P. Orlovsky, P. A. Trainin. Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of Socialist Labor, Army General I.M. Tretyak stands out especially - he is the only military leader who showed outstanding organizational abilities in peacetime and showed himself, among other things, to be an excellent business executive.

Vasily Ivanovich Golovchenko – mechanic-driver of a self-propelled artillery installation- especially distinguished himself in the battles for a bridgehead near the city of Erchi on the banks of the Danube. The crew of his self-propelled gun destroyed a tank, a self-propelled gun, two anti-tank guns and 130 Nazis. Then, breaking into the railway station, V.I. Golovchenko set fire to 3 enemy tanks. The driver was wounded, but after the battle he refused to go to the medical battalion and continued to fight. For this, V.I. Golovchenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. After being demobilized from the army, Vasily Ivanovich worked as a tractor driver, and then as a combine operator. In just one harvest season, he harvested wheat and barley from 537 hectares, threshing more than 10 thousand centners of grain, for which he received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky belonged to the older generation. In the years Civil War he was the commander of a partisan detachment in Belarus, then fought in Spain, and during the Great Patriotic War he became the commander of a partisan brigade. For skillful leadership, courage and heroism shown in the fight against the fascist occupiers, Kirill Prokofievich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In one of last fights K.P. Orlovsky was seriously wounded: one arm was torn off, the other was severely crippled, he was almost completely deaf. In the summer of 1944, he returned to his native village of Myshkovichi and was elected chairman of the collective farm - completely destroyed and looted by the invaders. The many years of dedicated work of K. P. Orlovsky bore fruit - the Rassvet collective farm became one of the best farms in Belarus, and its chairman was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

HERO OF SOCIALIST LABOR - an honorary title, one of the three highest degrees of distinction in the USSR for assigning to individuals (along with the titles Hero of the Soviet Union and Mother of Heroes -nya).

Uch-re-zh-de-no Decree of the Pre-zi-diu-ma of the USSR Armed Forces dated December 27, 1938. He was preceded by the honorable title of Hero of Labor, awarded in the 1920-1930s for special services re-re-do-vi-kam and no-va-to-ram pro-from-water-st-va, first-in-first-but - at individual enterprises, primarily de-lah city, district, ob-las-ti, re-pub-li-ki (in every case, you have your rights) won his title), since 1927 - at the general-union level (establishment of the Central Executive Committee and Council of People's Commissars of the USSR dated July 27, 1927) . The title of Hero of Labor in 1928-1938 was awarded to 1014 people.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded for “for services in the region of economy-st-ven-no-go and so-ci-al-no-kul-tour- no-go build-st-va", as the right for labor g-ro-ism, out-of-se-se-cially you-give-sya no-va-tor The activity is significant. contribution to increasing the efficiency of public production, the rise of the national economy, science, culture. Since the mid-1950s, the title began to be awarded to major party and government figures also for their service or in connection with various anniversaries -mi and celebrate-n-ka-mi, that from time to time the car is in the city. Decisions on granting a title or on depriving it were made by the President of the USSR Armed Forces (since March 1990 - Pre-zi- den-tom of the USSR). When receiving the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, they were awarded: Gra-mo-ta of the Pre-zi-diu-ma of the USSR Armed Forces, Le-ni-on the Order, since 1940 - also “ Sickle and Molot” medal. Since 1973, in the event of a title being awarded for new services, awards, orders and medals were awarded a second time; person, twice awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, or this title and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, at birth -not a bronze bust. According to the Pre-zi-diu-ma of the USSR Armed Forces dated August 22, 1988, the second awarding of the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was excellent. Since 1992, for his labor services he has been awarded the title of Hero of the Russian Federation.

The first Heroes of Socialist Labor - I.V. Stalin (1939; Hammer and Sickle medal No. 1), V.A. Deg-tya-roar (1940). Over 20.5 thousand people have been awarded the entire title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Over 190 people received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor twice (first - B.L. Vannikov, 1949), three - 16 people (first - you-mi - Van-ni-kov, N. L. Du-khov, I. V. Kur-cha-tov, Y. B. Kha-ri-ton, K. I. Shchel-kin, all - in 1954 year).

Org-ga-ni-za-tions, compiling accredited ranks: Russian Inter-regional Fund of the General swarms of the Soviet Union and Heroes of the Russian Federation; Russian association Ge-ro-ev.

The award was established on May 22, 1940 as the highest degree of distinction for citizens awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor.

On December 27, 1938, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, “the highest degree of distinction in the field of economic and cultural construction” was established - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Initially, along with the title of hero, the Order of Lenin was awarded. But later the question arose: how to distinguish the Heroes of Socialist Labor from other holders of the Order of Lenin? In this regard, in 1940, by the Decree “On additional insignia for Heroes of Socialist Labor,” the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was established.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is highest degree distinctions for merits in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded to individuals who have demonstrated labor heroism, who, through their particularly outstanding innovative activities, have made a significant contribution to increasing the efficiency of social production, contributed to the rise of the national economy, science, culture, and the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.

For new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, someone awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor could be awarded the order Lenin and the second gold medal Hammer and Sickle. In commemoration of his labor exploits, a bronze bust of the Hero with an appropriate inscription is constructed and installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

Hammer and sickle medal price

Today prices for the Hammer and Sickle medal start from:
1940 wide block quantity ≈45 pcs. - 650,000 rub.
1943 3-digit number quantity ≈955 pcs. - 220,000 rub.
4-digit number quantity ≈9000 pcs. - 140,000 rub.
5-digit number quantity ≈11000 pcs. - 123,000 rub.
duplicate quantity ≈? PC. - 260,000 rub.
repeated awarding quantity ≈200 pcs. - 970,000 rub.
Price updated as of 03/21/2019

Description of other USSR awards: Medal For Labor Valor, an award for selfless labor activity and the valor demonstrated at the same time, and a medal for excellence in protecting the state border of the USSR.

Medal Hammer and Sickle in the USSR award system

senior award

junior award

Recipients of the Hammer and Sickle Medal of the Hero of Socialist Labor

JV Stalin became the first Hero of Socialist Labor in 1939. The title was awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in connection with its sixtieth anniversary. The second Hero of Socialist Labor was the outstanding designer of small arms V. A. Degtyarev. He headed the country's first design bureau for the development of small arms.

Heroes of Socialist Labor were awarded the Order of Lenin, the Hammer and Sickle medal and a certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Three gold medals "Hammer and Sickle" were awarded to: academicians A. P. Alexandrov and M. V. Keldysh, theoretical physicists Ya. B. Zeldovich, Yu. B. Khariton and K. I. Shchelkin, creator nuclear energy I.V. Kurchatov, outstanding aircraft designers A.N. Tupolev and S.V. Ilyushin, as well as one of the organizers of the defense industry B.L. Vannikov.

Description of the hammer and sickle medal

Dimensions Dimensions from center to edge of beam 15 mm. Weight - 28.0 g (+/-1.5 g)
Materials 950 gold - 14.6 g (+/-0.9g), silver - 12.0 g (+/-0.9g).
Artist Pomansky S.A.

The Hammer and Sickle medal was made of gold and is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on front side. In the center of the front side of the medal there are relief images of a hammer and sickle.

The reverse side of the medal is smooth with a relief inscription in three lines “HERO OF SOCIALIST LABOR”. The medal number is printed on the top ray.

Using an eyelet and a link, the medal is connected to a rectangular silver gilded block, which is covered with a red silk moire ribbon. The block has a pin fastening.

The golden star Hammer and Sickle is the highest degree of distinction, worn on the left side of the chest, and if there are other orders and medals, it is located above them.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 27, 1938, the highest degree of distinction in the field of economic and cultural construction was established - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 22, 1940, in order to specially distinguish citizens awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was established.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973, the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in a new edition were approved

Regulations on the medal.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor (GST) is the highest degree of distinction for merits in the field of economic, socio-cultural construction

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded:

the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin;
a sign of special distinction - a gold medal "Hammer and Sickle";
Certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of Socialist Labor for new outstanding services in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less than those for which he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" and in commemoration of his labor exploits a bronze bust is built A hero with an appropriate inscription, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

The Hero of Socialist Labor, awarded two gold medals "Hammer and Sickle", for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less significant in significance than the previous ones, can again be awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

When a Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, he is presented with a certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR simultaneously with the order and medal.

If the Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, then in commemoration of his labor and heroic deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with the appropriate inscription is built, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union .

Heroes of Socialist Labor enjoy benefits established by law.

The gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" of the Hero of Socialist Labor is worn on the left side of the chest above the orders and medals of the USSR.

Deprivation of the title of Hero of Socialist Labor can only be carried out by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

Description of the medal.

Gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. In the center of the medal are a relief hammer and sickle. The distance from the center of the star to the top of the beam is 15 mm. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the star is 33.5 mm. The size of the sickle and hammer from the handle to the top point is 14 and 13 mm, respectively.

The reverse side of the medal has a smooth surface and is limited along the contour by a protruding thin rim. On the reverse side in the center of the medal there is an inscription in raised letters “Hero of Socialist Labor”. The size of the letters in the words “Hero” and “Labor” is 2 by 1 mm, in the word “Socialist” - 1.5 by 0.75 mm. In the upper beam is the medal number 1 mm high.

The medal, using an eyelet and a ring, is connected to a gilded metal block, which is a rectangular plate 15 mm high and 19.5 mm wide, with frames in the upper and lower parts. There are slits along the base of the block; its inner part is covered with a red silk moiré ribbon 20 mm wide. The block has a threaded pin with a nut on the reverse side for attaching the medal to clothing.

The medal is made of 950 gold. The medal block is made of silver. As of September 18, 1975, the gold content in the medal was 14.583 ± 0.903 g, the silver content was 12.03 ± 0.927 g. The weight of the medal without the block was 15.25 g. The total weight of the medal was 28.014 ± 1.5 g.

History of the medal.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor was the highest degree of distinction of the USSR, like the Title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and in many ways similar to it. Both titles had similar Regulations, similar insignia, the procedure for presentation and awarding, as well as a list of benefits. However, unlike the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was not awarded to citizens of foreign countries.

The term “hero of labor” appeared in 1921, when hundreds of the best workers in Petrograd and Moscow were named this way. This term appeared in newspapers and was affixed to certificates of honor given to advanced workers. In 1922, the phrase “Hero of Labor” was placed on the sign of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor of the RSFSR.

By the Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the Council of People's Commissariats of the USSR dated July 27, 1927, the Title of “Hero of Labor” was established, which could be awarded to “persons with special merit” and who have worked for hire for at least 35 years. This title was awarded by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR or a union republic, which presented the recipient with a special certificate from the Central Executive Committee.

Ten years later, on December 27, 1938, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Now the recipient, in addition to the diploma, was awarded the Order of Lenin, as well as the Hero of the Soviet Union. A special insignia - the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" - was established by Decree of May 22, 1940.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973, the restriction on the number of repeated awards with the Hammer and Sickle medal, which had existed since 1940 (no more than 3 times in total), was lifted, but this step remained unused: no one became a Hero of Socialist Labor four times.

In 1988, the awarding of the Order of Lenin during the re-awarding of the Hammer and Sickle medal was canceled, which was the last change in the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. Three years later, in 1991, this title was forever abolished along with the USSR award system.

The first Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of GTS took place on December 20, 1939. By this decree, the title of GST was awarded to the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Stalin I.V. With the establishment of the Hammer and Sickle medal, he was awarded this insignia No. 1.

For almost 10 years, this award was awarded exclusively for merits in the creation and implementation of new types of weapons or for labor heroism during the war.

The second GST in the USSR was the famous small arms designer V.A. Degtyarev. This title was awarded to him by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated January 2, 1940. Degtyarev was awarded the insignia No. 2.

The next awards of the GST title were given to aircraft designers N.N. Polikarpov, A.S. Yakovlev, small arms designer F.V. Tokarev, aircraft weapons designer B.G. Shpitalny, artillery designers V.G. Grabin, M.Ya. Krupchatnikov. , Ivanov I.I., designers of aircraft engines Mikulin A.A., Klimov M.Ya. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 28, 1940).

The next appropriation occurred already during the war. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated August 1, 1941, the Hammer and Sickle medal was awarded to the scientific director of TsAGI, Academician S.A. Chaplygin, one of the founders of aerodynamics and organizer of combat aircraft testing.

During the Great Patriotic War, the GTS title was one of the first to be awarded People's Commissar aviation industry Shakhurin A.I., his deputies Dementyev P.V. and Voronin P.A., director of the aviation plant in Kuibyshev, which produced Il-2 attack aircraft, Tretyakov A.T. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 8, 1941), designer of KV tanks Kotin Zh.Ya., director of the Kirov plant in Leningrad Zaltsman I.M. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 19, 1941) and aircraft designer Ilyushin S.V. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 25, 1941).

In 1942, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to the People's Commissar for Armaments, D.F. Ustinov. (later awarded another “Hammer and Sickle” medal and a “Gold Star” medal - in 1961 and 1978, respectively), People's Commissar of Ammunition B.L. Vannikov. (in the future three times Hero of Socialist Labor - 1942, 1949, 1954), as well as one of the creators of the T-34 tank A.A. Morozov. and aircraft engine designer A.D. Shvetsov. .

In 1943, the Hammer and Sickle gold medals were awarded to a group of government and party leaders. Among the recipients were the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, member of the State Defense Committee (GKO) Malenkov G.N., members of the State Defense Committee, People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs V.M. Molotov, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L.P. Beria. and member of the Committee for the Restoration of the National Economy Mikoyan A.I. In addition, Member of the Front Military Council Kaganovich L.M., People's Commissar of Ferrous Metallurgy I.V. Tevosyan, People's Commissar of the Coal Industry V.V. Vakhrushev, Director of the Uralmash Plant B.G. Muzrukov, Director of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant Yu.E. Maskarev became Heroes ., fighter aircraft designer Lavochkin S.A. (future double GTS).

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 5, 1943, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to 127 (!) railway workers and military personnel of the railway troops. Such a mass award of the highest degree of distinction of the state was made for the first time. This Decree named the names of the first women in history to be awarded the Hammer and Sickle gold medal: locomotive driver E.M. Chukhnyuk, station attendant A.P. Zharkova. and switchman Alexandrova A.N.

In 1944, the Deputy Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, People's Commissar of Tank Industry, V.A. Malyshev, People's Commissar, became Heroes of Socialist Labor oil industry Sedin I.K., creator of the most powerful howitzers in the world Petrov F.F., as well as Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Kalinin M.I.

In June 1945, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to the creator of the famous PPSh assault rifle Shpagin G.S., mortar designer B.I. Shavyrin, lieutenant general engineer Khrunichev M.V. (since 1946 - Minister of Aviation Industry of the USSR), director of the Kovrov arms plant Fomin, aircraft designer A.N. Tupolev. and the designer of tanks and self-propelled guns N.L. Dukhov. (the last two later became triple GTS).

At the same time, Hammer and Sickle medals were awarded to a large group of scientists. Doctors A.I. Abrikosov were awarded. and Orbeli L.A., metallurgists Bardin I.P., Vinogradov I.M., outstanding organic chemist Zalinsky N.D., agronomists Pryanishnikov D.I. and Lysenko T.D., as well as archaeologist and linguist Meshchaninov I.I.

In total, during the pre-war period and during the Great Patriotic War, 201 people were awarded the title of GTS.

In 1947, the “Hammer and Sickle” medals were first awarded to a large group of collective farmers and collective farmers for high performance in harvesting, including the then well-known throughout the country Angelina P.N., the organizer of the first women’s tractor brigades even before the start of the war.

In 1949, gold medals of the Hero of Socialist Labor for the first and last time awarded to schoolchildren: Tajik pioneer Tursunali Matkazilov for harvesting a record cotton harvest (90 centners per hectare) and Georgian pioneer Natela Chelebadze for growing and harvesting 6 tons of tea leaves.

In the summer of 1949, the USSR successfully tested its first atomic bomb, and the title of GTS was awarded to a group of its creators, including Kurchatov I.V., Zeldovich Ya.B., Khariton Yu.B., Shchelkin K.I. For the same test, the first ever award of the second Hammer and Sickle medal took place. The organizers of the Soviet “atomic project”, former People's Commissar of Armaments of the USSR B.L. Vannikov, became twice Heroes of Socialist Labor. and former designer of heavy tanks N.L. Dukhov. All of these individuals later became three times Heroes of Socialist Labor. This happened on January 4, 1954 for the successful testing of the world's first hydrogen bomb. At the same time, A.D. Sakharov received his first “Hammer and Sickle” medal (of the future three). Later, by Decree of January 8, 1980, Academician Sakharov was deprived of the title of laureate of the Lenin and State Prizes, all awards, including the title of Thrice Hero of Socialist Labor. All Hammer and Sickle awards and medals were returned to him only during Gorbachev’s “perestroika”.

The first collective farmers - Heroes of Socialist Labor, awarded the second Hammer and Sickle medal by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 17, 1950, were women cotton farmers Bagirova Basti Masim kyzy and Hasanova Shamama Mahmudaly kyzy.

In 1964, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was first awarded to a cultural figure - sculptor S.T. Konenkov.

In 1961, the Hammer and Sickle gold medals were awarded to the creators of the Vostok rocket and space system. Chief Designer S.P. Korolev became twice Heroes. and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR D.F. Ustinov, who oversaw rocket science. The heroes were a large group of designers, engineers, technicians and workers who participated in the preparation and implementation of the first manned space flight, as well as party leaders who were involved in the launch of Vostok. Among the latter was L.I. Brezhnev. (future General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee and four times Hero of the Soviet Union).

Mastermind space program, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee N.S. Khrushchev had three stars of Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1964, on his seventieth birthday, Khrushchev also received the Gold Star of the Hero of the Soviet Union.

Under Brezhnev, six people became three times GST: President of the USSR Academy of Sciences Keldysh M.V. (1971), who replaced Keldysh Alexandrov A.P. (1973), aircraft designers Tupolev A.N. (1972) and Ilyushin S.V. (1974), chairman of the cotton-growing collective farm "Star of the East" from Uzbekistan Hamrakul Tursunkulov (1973), first secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Kunaev D.A. In 1984, the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee K.U. Chernenko became the Hero of Socialist Labor three times.

Hammer and Sickle medals were also awarded to the military: the commander of the Belarusian Military District, Army General I.M. Tretyak. and the commander of the missile defense and space defense forces, Colonel General Yu.V. Votintsev.

The Hammer and Sickle medal was awarded to the popular actor Vyacheslav Tikhonov for his role as intelligence officer Isaev (Standartenführer Stirlitz) in the film Seventeen Moments of Spring. This is an almost unique case of awarding one of the highest awards of the USSR to a person who wore the uniform of an SS officer throughout the film.

Under Gorbachev, he received the Hammer and Sickle medal famous artist Nikulin Yu.V. (1990).

The total number of three times Heroes of Socialist Labor reached 16 people. They were Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences K.I. Shchelkin, Academicians A.P. Aleksandrov. (1954, 1960, 1973), Keldysh M.V. (1953, 1961, 1971), Zeldovich Ya.B., Kurchatov I.V. (1949, 1951, 1954), Sakharov A.D. (1953, 1956, 1962), Khariton Yu.B., designer of heavy tanks Dukhov N.L. (1945, 1949, 1954), aircraft designers Ilyushin S.V. (1941, 1957, 1974) and Tupolev A.N. (1945, 1957, 1972), People's Commissar of Ammunition and 1st Deputy. Minister of Medium Engineering Vannikov B.L. (1942, 1949, 1954), 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Kunaev D.A. (1972, 1976, 1982), Minister of Medium Engineering Slavsky E.P. (1949, 1954, 1962), chairman of the Uzbek collective farm Tursunkulov H. (1948, 1951, 1957), 1st Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Khrushchev N.S. (1954, 1957, 1964), Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU Chernenko K.U. (1976, 1981, 1984) .

The titles of Hero of Socialist Labor and Hero of the Soviet Union were awarded to 11 people: Stalin I.V., Brezhnev L.I., Khrushchev N.S., Ustinov D.F., Voroshilov K.E., famous pilot V.S. Grizodubova. , General of the Army Tretyak I.M., 1st Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus P.M. Masherov, chairman of the collective farm Orlovsky K.P., director of the state farm Golovchenko V.I., mechanic Trainin P.A.

Title of Hero of Socialist Labor in post-war years assigned to eight full gentlemen Order of Glory: Velichko M.K., Litvinenko P.A., Martynenko A.A., Peller V.I., Sultanov H.A., Fedorov S.V., Khristenko V.T. and Yarovoy M.S. .

By June 1, 1976, 4,019 industrial workers, 7,066 collective farmers, 4,162 state farm workers, 863 construction workers, 726 transport and communications workers, 226 scientists, 94 teachers, 85 healthcare workers became GST.

As of June 1, 1976, the Hammer and Sickle medal was awarded to 17,974 people (among them 4,793 women).

It is interesting to trace the distribution of the title of Hero of Socialist Labor among the republics of the Soviet Union. As of 1988, a total of 20,370 people throughout the USSR were awarded the high rank. Of these, the RSFSR accounted for 9,760 people, the Ukrainian SSR - 3,651, the BSSR - 549, the Uzbek SSR - 922, the Kazakh SSR - 1803, the Georgian SSR - 1301, the Azerbaijan SSR - 577, the Lithuanian SSR - 163, the Moldavian SSR - 199, the Latvian SSR - 165, Kirghiz SSR - 275, Tajik SSR - 410, Armenian SSR - 225, Turkmen SSR - 323 and Estonian SSR - 137.

One of the last Hero of Socialist Labor in the history of the USSR was the chairman of the agricultural company of the collective farm named after. Kirov, Balashikha district, Moscow region, Dmitry Andrianovich Storozhen (Decree of the President of the USSR of November 28, 1991).

The last person awarded the high title of Hero of Socialist Labor in the history of the USSR was the soloist of the Kazakh State Opera academic theater them. Abaya Bibigul Akhmetovna Tulegenova. She was awarded this award by Decree of the President of the USSR No. UP-3122 of December 21, 1991 “for huge contribution in the development of musical art."

In general, over the entire history of the USSR, more than 19 thousand people were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Over 160 people were awarded the Hammer and Sickle medal twice.

Sixteen people became three times Heroes of Socialist Labor.

You can learn about the features and types of medals on the USSR Medals website

Approximate cost of the medal.

How much does the Hammer and Sickle medal cost? Below we give the approximate price for some rooms:

According to current legislation Russian Federation The purchase and/or sale of medals, orders, documents of the USSR and Russia is prohibited; this is all described in Article 324. Purchase or sale of official documents and state awards. You can read about this in more detail in, in which the law is described in more detail, as well as those medals, orders and documents that do not relate to this ban are described.

Title of Hero of the Soviet Union and Gold Star medal

The resolution of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated April 16, 1934 established the highest degree of distinction - the awarding of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for personal or collective services to the state associated with the accomplishment of a heroic feat.

By resolution of the USSR Central Executive Committee of July 29, 1936, the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union were approved.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1939, in order to specially distinguish citizens awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and committing new heroic deeds, establish a “Gold Star” medal, shaped like a five-pointed star.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated May 14, 1973, the Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in a new edition were approved.

Regulations on the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

The order of Lenin

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union (GUS) is the highest degree of distinction and is awarded for personal or collective services to the Soviet state and society associated with the accomplishment of a heroic deed.

The title of Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded:

a sign of special distinction - the Gold Star medal;

A Hero of the Soviet Union, who has accomplished a second heroic feat, no less than that for which others who have accomplished a similar feat are awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, is awarded the Order of Lenin and a second Gold Star medal, and in commemoration of his exploits, a bronze bust of the Hero is built with an appropriate inscription, established in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.

A Hero of the Soviet Union, awarded two Gold Star medals, may again be awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal for new heroic deeds similar to those previously accomplished.

When a Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal, he is presented with a certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR simultaneously with the order and medal.

If the Hero of the Soviet Union is awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, then in commemoration of his heroic and labor exploits, a bronze bust of the Hero with the appropriate inscription is built, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

Heroes of the Soviet Union enjoy benefits established by law.

The Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union is worn on the left side of the chest above the orders and medals of the USSR.

Deprivation of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union can only be carried out by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Description of the medal

The Gold Star medal is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the obverse. The distance from the center of the star to the top of the beam is 15 mm. The distance between the opposite ends of the star is 30 mm.

The reverse side of the medal has a smooth surface and is limited along the contour by a protruding thin rim. On the reverse side in the center of the medal there is an inscription in raised letters “Hero of the USSR”. The size of the letters is 4 by 2 mm. In the upper beam is the medal number 1 mm high.

The medal is made of 950 gold. The medal block is made of silver. As of September 18, 1975, the gold content in the medal was 20.521 ± 0.903 g, the silver content was 12.186 ± 0.927 g. The weight of the medal without the block was 21.5 g. The total weight of the medal was 34.264 ± 1.5 g.

On December 24, 1991, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded for the last time.
The last person to be awarded the Gold Star medal of the Hero of the Soviet Union (No. 11664, for participation in a diving experiment simulating long-term work at a depth of 500 meters under water) was a diving specialist, captain of the 3rd rank Leonid Mikhailovich Solodkov. When receiving the “Golden Star” of the Hero, he, as an officer, according to the regulations, was supposed to answer: “I serve the Soviet Union!” However, at the time the award was presented (January 16, 1992), the USSR had not existed for 22 days. The charter had not yet been rewritten, so Solodkov only said, “Thank you,” to Air Marshal E. I. Shaposhnikov, who was presenting him with the award.

From the history of the highest award:

The first Hero of the Soviet Union pilot - Lyapidevsky A. V. (04/20/1934)

The first woman - Hero of the Soviet Union pilot - Grizodubova V. S. (02.11.1938)

The youngest Hero of the Soviet Union, partisan Kotik V. A. (06/27/1958) at the time of the feat he was 14 years old

The oldest Hero of the Soviet Union, peasant Kuzmin Matvey Kuzmich (posthumously, 05/08/1965) - at the time of his death he was 83 years old

First and the only woman- twice Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot-cosmonaut S. E. Savitskaya (08/27/1982 and 07/29/1984)

The first twice Heroes of the Soviet Union: military pilot Major S. I. Gritsevets (02.22.1939 and 08.29.1939), military pilot Colonel G. P. Kravchenko (02.22.1939 and 08.29.1939)

Three times Heroes of the Soviet Union:
Air Marshal Pokryshkin A. I. (05/24/1943, 08/24/1943, 08/19/1944)
Colonel General of Aviation Kozhedub I. N. (02/04/1944, 08/19/1944, 08/18/1945)
Marshal of the Soviet Union S. M. Budyonny (02/01/1958, 04/24/1963, 02/22/1968)

Four times Heroes of the Soviet Union:
Marshal of the Soviet Union Zhukov G.K. (08/29/1939, 07/29/1944, 06/01/1945, 12/01/1956).
Marshal of the Soviet Union Brezhnev L. I. (12/18/1966, 12/18/1976, 12/19/1978, 12/18/1981)

Title of Hero of Socialist Labor and Hammer and Sickle Medal

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 27, 1938, the highest degree of distinction in the field of economic and cultural construction was established - the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

By the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973, the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in a new edition were approved.

Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor

The order of Lenin

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor (GST) is the highest degree of distinction for merits in the field of economic, socio-cultural construction.

The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded:

the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin;
a sign of special distinction - a gold medal "Hammer and Sickle";
Certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Heroes of Socialist Labor enjoy benefits established by law.

The gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" of the Hero of Socialist Labor is worn on the left side of the chest above the orders and medals of the USSR.

Deprivation of the title of Hero of Socialist Labor can only be carried out by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Description of the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle"

The Hammer and Sickle gold medal is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. In the center of the medal are a relief hammer and sickle. The distance from the center of the star to the top of the beam is 15 mm. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the star is 33.5 mm. The size of the sickle and hammer from the handle to the top point is 14 and 13 mm, respectively.

Title “Hero City”, title “Fortress Hero”

Hero City is an honorary title, the highest degree of distinction.

Officially, the title was established as a state award on May 8, 1965, when the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, by its Decree, approved the Regulations on the highest degree of distinction - the title “Hero City”. On the same day, the title was awarded to the cities of Leningrad, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kyiv and Moscow, and the Brest Fortress was awarded the title of “hero fortress”.

The Regulations on the title “Hero City” say:

The order of Lenin

The highest degree of distinction - the title "hero city" - is awarded to cities of the Soviet Union whose workers showed massive heroism and courage in defending the Motherland in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

To the city awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of “hero city”:

a) the highest award of the USSR is awarded - the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal;

b) a Certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR is issued.

The banner of the city, awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title "Hero City", depicts the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal.

In the city, awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title of "hero city", an obelisk is erected with the image of the Order of Lenin, the Gold Star medal and the text of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Each city, like each person, has its own destiny: the time of birth (foundation), development, the time of ups and downs, the time of heroic deeds...

During the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, the entire people stood up to defend the Motherland: men fought at the front, women and children fought in the rear, at the machines, in partisan detachments. Some cities showed special courage and mass heroism, for which they were awarded a special title.

After the war, 12 cities of the USSR were awarded the title of hero city:

May 1, 1945
Leningrad (St. Petersburg);
Stalingrad (Volgograd);
Sevastopol;
Odessa.

Currently, Kyiv, Odessa, Kerch and Sevastopol are located on the territory of Ukraine; Minsk and Brest Fortress– in the Republic of Belarus; the remaining cities are in Russia.

By order of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin on May 1, 1945, the first hero cities were:

Leningrad;
Stalingrad;
Sevastopol;
Odessa.

Star of the Marshal of the Armed Forces, Admiral of the Fleet and General of the Army

On September 2, 1940, by resolution of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the marshal insignia “Marshal Star” was established. On March 3, 1955, it was established that the Admirals of the Fleet of the Soviet Union were awarded the same star.

DESCRIPTION, HISTORY

It is a five-pointed gold star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. A platinum five-pointed star with diamonds is mounted in the middle of the sign; in the center there is a diamond weighing 2.62 carats, in the rays there are 25 diamonds weighing a total of 1.25 carats.
Between the facets of the rays there are 5 diamonds weighing a total of 3.06 carats.
The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the gold star is 44.5 mm, the platinum star is 23 mm.
The height of the Marshall Star profile is 8 mm.
The reverse side of the badge is flat, with openwork of platinum star diamonds and diamonds located between the edges of the rays.
The “Marshal's Star”, using a triangular eyelet in the upper beam, is connected to a semi-oval mount measuring 14 mm, through which a moiré ribbon 35 mm wide is threaded.
The total weight of the marshal's insignia is 36.8 g.

Although the Marshall Star was a sign of distinction, similar, for example, to shoulder straps, it was awarded as an order in a solemn ceremony by the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council, and its owner was given a special certificate. After the death or demotion of the Marshal, the star was to be handed over to the Diamond Fund.
About 200 of these stars were made.

Later (February 27, 1943) a Marshall Star of a different type appeared - for persons with rank of artillery marshal, air marshal and marshal armored forces. On March 20, 1944, the Presidium of the Supreme Council ordered marshals to wear it as well. engineering troops and marshals of signal troops; June 5, 1962 to the admirals of the fleet, and November 1, 1974 to the generals of the army.

The Marshal's Star of a branch marshal, fleet admiral and army general is a five-pointed gold star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. Superimposed on top of the gold star is a smaller five-pointed platinum star. At the center of the platinum star is a 2.04-carat diamond. In the rays of the platinum star are 25 diamonds weighing a total of 0.91 carats. There are no diamonds between the arms of the golden star. The diameter of the circumscribed circle of the gold star is 42 mm, the platinum star is 21 mm. The profile height of the Marshall Star is 8 mm. The reverse side of the sign is flat, with openwork of platinum star diamonds. The total weight is 35.1 g. The Marshall Star is connected to a semi-oval mount measuring 14 mm using a triangular eyelet in the upper beam. A 35 mm wide moire ribbon is threaded through the eyelet in the upper beam.
The colors of the ribbon vary depending on the type of military service. For artillery the ribbon is golden in color, for aviation - blue color, for armored troops - burgundy color, for engineering troops - crimson, for signal troops - of blue color, for a fleet admiral - turquoise.

About 370 of these stars were made. They were also awarded in Russian army in 1992-1997 (after the abolition of marshal ranks in the military branches - only to army generals and navy admirals).

Title "Mother Heroine"

Order
"Mother Heroine"

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated July 8, 1944, it was established that a mother who gave birth and raised ten children is awarded the highest degree of distinction - the title “Mother Heroine”. The regulations on the honorary title “Mother Heroine” and the Order “Mother Heroine” were approved by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 18, 1944.

Regulations on the title "Mother Heroine"

The title "Heroine Mother" is the highest degree of distinction and is awarded to mothers who have given birth and raised ten or more children.

The title "Mother Heroine" is awarded upon achieving last child age of one year and if there are other living children of this mother.

When awarding the title "Mother Heroine", children are also taken into account:

adopted by a mother in accordance with the procedure established by law;
killed or missing in action while defending the USSR or while performing other duties military service, or when fulfilling the duty of a citizen of the USSR to save human life, for the protection of socialist property and socialist legal order, as well as those who died as a result of injury, concussion, injury or illness received under the specified circumstances, or as a result of a work injury or occupational disease.

Mothers who have been awarded the title "Mother Heroine" are awarded the Order "Mother Heroine" and the Certificate of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

The Order "Mother - Heroine" is worn by the recipients on the left side of the chest and, if the recipient has other orders and medals, is placed above them.

Description of the Order "Mother Heroine"

The badge of the Order "Mother - Heroine" is a golden convex five-pointed star against a background of silver rays diverging in the form of a five-pointed star, the ends of which are placed between the ends of the golden star.

The size of the order between the opposite ends of the silver star is 28 mm. The height of the order including the block is 46 mm.

As of September 18, 1975, the gold content in the order was 4.5±0.4402 g, the silver content was 11.525±0.974 g. The gold purity was 583. The total weight of the order was 17.5573±1.75 g.

The badge of the order is connected by means of an eye and a link to a figured metal plate covered with red enamel. On the plate there is a raised inscription “Mother is a heroine”. The edges of the plate and the inscription are gilded. The plate has a pin on the reverse side for attaching the order to clothing.

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