Mushroom places. Map of mushroom places in the Moscow region

Mushroom picking is not only an interesting hobby, but also a great opportunity to diversify your diet. If, of course, you take the issue seriously. For mushrooms are such a thing that they do not forgive a frivolous attitude - among them there are many good and simply inedible species.

And even if you clearly know all these differences and carry out differential diagnostics on the fly, it is not a fact that your foray into nature will be successful, since you still need to know - when to pick mushrooms, as well as where and how to do it correctly. And this is exactly what our article will be about.

When to pick mushrooms?

Actually, main question. Unfortunately, the answer to this is quite approximate, since it depends on many factors, in particular - geographical location"quiet hunting" zones. So the time periods we have given will only give you a rough idea of ​​how when to pick mushrooms. And everything else will have to be learned from personal experience.

December January February

Winter is not a good time to pick mushrooms. However, if it turns out to be warm and with little snow, then mushroom pickers have a chance to find oyster mushrooms. And even though it is a mushroom, even if it tastes watery and not very nutritious, the very fact that you can find something edible in a winter partially frozen forest is quite pleasant. Closer to spring, other tree mushrooms begin to appear - among which you can also find edible specimens.

March April May

The number of oyster mushrooms gradually decreases, but the first normal mushrooms begin to appear. True, these are morels, stitches and raincoats... The third and fourth categories, but at least something. In May, meadow mushrooms already appear, if the weather is favorable for it. That is, yes, it’s still too early to look for mushrooms in the forest, but they are already starting to slowly appear in the fields. Even boletus can already be detected.

June

The beginning of the appearance of porcini mushrooms. As well as the active growth of boletus, boletus, chanterelle, boletus, russula and champignon. It makes sense to go into the forests and collect mushrooms there, especially in birch, oak and coniferous trees. And yes, the appearance of mushrooms of the first and second categories is exactly what every self-respecting mushroom picker expects.

July

Everything is the same as in June, plus milk mushrooms. Yes, July is the best time to collect agaric mushrooms. But you need to be extremely careful, because it is lamellar mushrooms the easiest way to confuse it with something bad.

August

Peak mushroom picking in general. All categories are actively growing, you can find something you need in both forests and fields. There are both tubular and lamellar mushrooms, and in large quantities. Talkers, autumn honey mushrooms appear, at the peak of growth, milk mushrooms, russula, champignons, mushrooms of the first and second categories. Damn it, I myself, a couple of days ago, while walking by the lake in the park, accidentally stepped on a champignon. And if you purposefully look for them and collect mushrooms, then you certainly won’t return home with empty baskets.

September

Peak autumn mushrooms. Boletuses, aspen mushrooms, porcini mushrooms, late russula, autumn honey mushrooms, fly mushrooms, last chanterelles, morels. Everything is in large quantities, except that due to the beginning of leaf fall it becomes more difficult to find them. So if even one mushroom is found, you need to carefully check the area around it.

October

Porcini mushrooms are still active and numerous, as are champignons, valui, talkers, and autumn honey mushrooms. Appear. In general, the number of mushrooms is declining, so they can only be found near trees and stumps, and even then not always. Most mushroom pickers curtail their activities in October.

November

The last porcini mushrooms in pine forests, oyster mushrooms are beginning to appear on old trees, and boletus mushrooms can still be found here and there. In general, this is no longer the season for picking mushrooms. Unless, of course, the end of autumn is too cold, then you can collect mushrooms a little longer.

Where to pick mushrooms?

First of all, you need to remember that mushrooms are highly hygroscopic. That is, they pull into themselves everything they can grab. And these are salts of heavy metals, and various harmful substances contained in smoke, gasoline and other technical liquids and gases. Radiation is also well accumulated. Therefore, under no circumstances should you collect mushrooms along roads or in industrially active regions. Even champignons collected in a city park can become a source of all sorts of nasty things.

You also need to remember that some mushrooms grow exclusively on a suitable substrate - wood. Of course, many of them are inedible, but they also sometimes appear. In addition, it is tree-growing mushrooms that tolerate frost much better, so they also grow in cold weather conditions, when all other species have already frozen over.

It is also necessary to take into account the fact that mushroom mycelium very often enters into symbiosis with the tree root system. This is precisely what explains the fact that boletus grows in aspen groves, boletus grows in birch forests, and white boletuses, which enter into symbiosis with various types trees have a large species diversity. So before going to the forest, figure out what kind of mushrooms can theoretically grow there. We will also definitely write more specifically about this.

Regarding specific mushroom places... Here, alas, we cannot help you with anything. You will have to look for this yourself, walking several kilometers of rough terrain. The main thing is to remember, and even better, put on the map the place where you were lucky. And if you collect mushrooms the way you should, then there is a high chance that next year this place will please you.

The mushroom season in the forests near St. Petersburg is considered to be from August to November, but edible mushrooms can be found Leningrad region practically all year round.

And so - you gathered your courage, stocked up on tools, got acquainted with and even learned! Let's figure out whether you got ready for the forest on time. We look at the mushroom picker's calendar according to the most popular ones edible mushrooms known in the forests of the Leningrad region.

Let yours silent hunt it will turn out well, and dinner in good company and at home or at a recreation center will be a good reminder of our northern nature.

Porcini in the forest - undoubtedly, the king of mushrooms, which is the most desirable find of an avid mushroom picker. It belongs to the species tubular family boletovyh. Forest handsome man can be found throughout Europe. There are about 18 subspecies of this variety. In order not to miss the time to collect porcini mushrooms, you need to know what they look like and where they grow. Advice from experienced mushroom pickers will help you stock up on mushrooms for the winter.

Exists a large number of types of mushrooms, but the most popular and common ones include:

• oak;
• spruce;
• birch;
• pine.

Oak boletus

Oak specimens include boletus with a brownish, brown and grayish tint to the cap, which can be covered with white cracks. In diameter it ranges from 8 to 25 centimeters. Initially, the tubes on it are white, then they become yellowish-greenish.

The leg is approximately 20 centimeters. It is loose, with a noticeable mesh pattern.

Boletus collection takes place in summer and autumn months. It bears fruit in layers. This earliest subspecies appears at the end of the spring month.

It is important to note that the oak specimen is similar to the gall fungus. The latter grows in coniferous forests. On its leg there is a black mesh with pink tubes.

Boletus has medicinal properties. It is used in the treatment of:

• disrupted metabolic process;
• weakness after illness;
• digestion.

Spruce subspecies

This species has a convex, sometimes depressed cap. Its skin is velvety, wrinkled, shiny and sticky in wet weather. The edge of the cap often has an acute-angled shape. Its shade is brown, brick red. The tubes are spacious and can be easily separated from the hat. Initially they have a white, grayish color, and by maturity they have a yellowish, olive color.

Growing specimens with thick flesh. Further, it is spongy, with a white color, a pleasant mushroom aroma and taste.

The pedicle is 20 cm high with a tophi downwards. Its color is white, brown.

This subspecies bears fruit in 2 stages. First individually in last days May. Next heavy cover in mid-June.

This specimen is similar to other types of porcini mushrooms (however, spruce mushrooms are more healing than oak ones). Of the unusable specimens, it is similar to gall mushroom.

Pine boletus

It has a fleshy convex cap. Its skin is smooth and velvety, and sticky in wet weather. Boletus has a brownish-red, dark brown, purple, greenish, and bluish color. Its edge is often light. Initially, the tubular layer is white, then yellow, olive-yellow. The white flesh is reddish-purple under the skin. The taste and smell of the mushroom are characteristically mushroom.

The leg has a maximum height of 12 cm. It is thick, fleshy, thickened towards the base. Its color is light brown, yellowish. The leg is covered with a thin red mesh.

The pine subspecies can easily be confused with the bitter inedible gall specimen, which has a black mesh on the leg, a pink tubular layer.

Habitats

The forests in which porcini mushrooms grow are very diverse. This is explained by the fact that some of the subspecies have mutually beneficial contact with different trees. That's why they live where there are trees. In this case, the place where the porcini mushroom grows must have specific soil, characteristic thermal and humid conditions. Hence it is clear that the forest beauty will not grow wherever it has to. You need to look for it in special forests.

Coniferous forests

This is the most characteristic landscape where the named specimens grow. Coniferous forests are located in the northern hemisphere of the planet.

Pine forests

In this area you can find pine porcini mushrooms, which come into contact with pine (less often this happens with spruce and deciduous trees). Their distinctive feature are a sickly brown cap and a leg, which can sometimes have a brown tint.

This mushroom likes to grow in sandy or loamy soil. It should not be very moisturized. That is, this subspecies avoids swamps and damp lowlands, preferring dry forest areas. It can also be found in mountainous areas. Apparently, there are suitable conditions for growth there for the fungus.

You can determine the location where boletus mushrooms grow by digging the soil in the forest with a shovel and identifying grains of sand under the half-rotten litter, as well as relying on the main landmark. These are cushions of moss or lichen. Instances are often found in these places, especially when there are small clearings in the trees that are better warmed by the sun compared to other surrounding areas.

Mushrooms are also located on the outskirts of clearings, clearings, and along the sides of forest paths.

Elniki

Spruce porcini mushrooms grow in this forest. By appearance it is difficult to distinguish it from the pine subspecies, although the color of the spruce boletus cap is less saturated. It refers to type species, is a true porcini mushroom.

Spruce boletuses grow in the same conditions as pine boletuses, differing only in their affinity for spruce trees. They also like loamy, sandy, non-waterlogged soil with a bed of moss and lichen.

Deciduous forests

The area of ​​deciduous forests is quite large, although there are much fewer of them compared to coniferous ones. They are more developed in the southern part, and are rare in the north.

Birch forests

Birch boletus is also called spikelet. It received this name because it appeared around the time of rye harvesting.

This subspecies has a lighter cap compared to the previous 2 specimens. It can be found almost everywhere. Of course, the boletus avoids swampy areas and peat bogs. It is the most common mushroom. Kolosovik can be found in any birch forest at the edge, at the boundaries between areas, in open and overgrown areas.

Signs that make it easy to identify the presence of boletus in a birch forest:

1. Tussocks of white grass.
2. Neighboring mushrooms are red fly agaric, chanterelle. They accompany the birch boletus and bear fruit at almost the same time.

Dubravy

This area is not entirely typical of the Urals. At the same time, in the southwest you can find small areas of oak forests where porcini mushrooms grow between the oak trees.

However, some scientists believe that this independent species mushroom. It is called bronze boletus. It has a dark-colored cap. It happens that it has a black tint with a mold-like coating. The French call this mushroom the head of a black man.

This subspecies grows in warm forests and prefers southern regions. Occasionally it can be found in mountainous areas, but often it is absent there.

Elm forests

There are such forests as elm forests. No specific category of porcini mushroom that would prefer these particular forests was identified. However, in rare cases there are different types pine and spruce boletuses, sometimes a birch variety is found.

Mixed forests

In these forests you can come across large clearings of porcini mushrooms. Why exactly in them is unknown. There are only guesses about possible better conditions mixed forests. Or the reason depends on the original undergrowth.

Often in mixed forests birch grows. Therefore, the largest variety of boletus is the birch boletus. It is possible that thanks to this tree the productivity of this type of mushroom occurs.

Important information! It has been noted that the chance of finding large concentrations of mushrooms is higher in older forests compared to virgin, primeval forests.

When to collect mushrooms

When planning to go into the forest, it is worth having an idea of ​​when to collect porcini mushrooms and where they grow. Because desired temperature for the growth of such trophies it is kept for a long time in summer months, then it is during this period that they need to be collected.

The more often temperature thresholds and changes in humidity occur, the weaker the fruiting bodies of fungi develop.

To the good ones climatic conditions include:

• short thunderstorms;
• warm foggy nights.

You need to start collecting porcini mushrooms before the sun will rise, since at this hour they are more noticeable. You need to walk slowly, carefully scanning the area.

The optimal time for collection is a week after the rain. The mushroom needs to grow.

If summer time wet, boletus mushrooms will appear far from trees (these are dry, well-warmed hills, clearings, edges). During dry seasons, mushrooms will hide under trees where there is dried grass that retains moisture well.

It is believed that mushroom growth is noticeable where morels grow.

How to collect forest gifts

In order not to harm nature, boletus mushrooms should be collected correctly. You need to carefully make the cut as close to the ground as possible so as not to destroy the mushroom area. They are also twisted out of the soil.

Having turned or cut off the find, it must be cleaned so that the specimens lying nearby do not get dirty.

Place the found mushrooms with their caps down. If the boletus has a long leg, it should be placed on its side. It is necessary to collect only good specimens, without worms and rot.

If the boletus is overripe or unfamiliar, it is better to leave it untouched. You can't trample them.

Product usefulness

The porcini mushroom is considered one of the valuable, useful tubular specimens. The nutritional value One kilogram of dried product replaces 3 kilograms of meat. It is better to eat them dried, since in this form the taste is better revealed.

Boletus mushrooms are also pickled, boiled, and fried. However, the product prepared using these methods will not differ from other tubular ones (for example, if you take boletus). Fresh boletus does not smell, but the dried mushroom emits a unique aroma.

The forest thicket is rich in its flora. One of its components is mushrooms. Among their diversity, one stands out - the main one - the porcini mushroom. The porcini mushroom brings great benefits to the human body. But it can also cause considerable harm to health if the mushroom picker makes mistakes. It is important to know when and where to pick mushrooms, in which forests they grow, and how to distinguish a real porcini mushroom from its double.

Let's go for mushrooms in the right places

The porcini mushroom is found in almost all latitudes globe. It grows in European, American, Chinese, Siberian, Turkish and Mongolian forests. The Australians were the only ones unlucky: not a single boletus was found in Australia.

Porcini mushrooms grow almost all over the world

White trees grow next to birch, beech, and spruce trees. They are especially abundant in oak forests, which is where they got their second name. They like the proximity of juniper, mushrooms take a lot from it nutrients and grow especially large.

But boletus groves avoid aspen groves and alder thickets; there is very little food left for them.

Advice. If you find one porcini mushroom in a birch grove or oak forest, do not rush to straighten your back. Boletus mushrooms grow in families, look for them and you will definitely come across more.

The porcini mushroom, like any other representative of this genus, loves warm, humid places, so it grows in the lowlands where humidity is maximum. It should also be noted that whites do not grow in young forests. You will never see them in recent plantings.

Important! Never pick mushrooms near plants and factories. The mycelium, like a sponge, absorbs everything in the soil. Often, experienced mushroom pickers poison their bodies with products collected in environmentally polluted places.

Boletus collection time

There is no specific harvest date for porcini mushrooms. The first of them appear in mid-June. The season ends with real night frosts, which means it can last until the end of October. If the air temperature rises early, boletus mushrooms can be found in May.

Porcini mushrooms have a phenomenal growth rate. A young mushroom, weighing up to 5 g, becomes a 250-gram hero in 4-5 days. There have been cases when mushroom pickers boasted of specimens whose weight exceeded 500 g and reached 1 kg. We can consider these stories to be akin to fishing tales, but in 1961 a record mushroom was found weighing about 11 kg, the diameter of its cap was almost 60 cm.

How to distinguish a real porcini mushroom from a false one

The type of boletus directly depends on the place of growth. Elements contained in the soil affect color and shape.

Depending on where they grow, porcini mushrooms can have different colors.

1. Oak porcini mushroom - distinguished by a light coffee-colored cap, up to 30 cm in diameter. It has a pleasant velvety feel to the touch. The tubular layer has a light olive tint, on the stalk white mesh, which is clearly visible along its entire length. This variety of porcini mushroom is found in oak and linden groves; in the south it can be found next to edible chestnuts. Valued by mushroom pickers for its unique aroma and light nutty flavor that persists after drying.
2. Birch porcini mushroom - has an almost white cap with a slight yellowish tint. It grows small in size - up to 15 cm in diameter. The tubular body of a young boletus is completely white, becoming yellowish with age. The leg is light, brownish, covered with a white mesh only in its upper part. Found in birch groves.
3. Pine porcini mushroom - unlike other representatives, it has a bright wine-colored cap. Olive colored tubular layer. The leg also has a mesh, but of a reddish tint. Found in bright and warm areas coniferous forest, but in the hot season it can hide in the shade of dense crowns.

Porcini mushroom is a first category mushroom, it is edible and extremely useful. It can be eaten without heat treatment. But you should be very careful, because even experienced mushroom pickers can end up with false whites in their baskets, which are conditionally edible, or even inedible and poisonous.

The main difference between all false mushrooms– color of the tubular body under the cap. For example, at gall fungus it is slightly pinkish. Also, this double has an extremely bitter taste, which intensifies during processing. Not a single inhabitant of the forest will ever set his sights on him.

White mushroom is very useful for humans

Another representative of doubles - satanic mushroom. Unlike the gall mushroom, which is inedible but not poisonous, the satanic mushroom is extremely dangerous for humans. The reference book defines it as conditionally edible, but the satanic mushroom can be eaten only after 10 hours of heat treatment. Just 10 g of raw mushroom pulp can cause paralysis of the entire nervous system person. The color and shape of the cap of this false mushroom identical to white. The tubular layer can have all sorts of shades of red: from orange to pink. The mesh layer is red. The pulp is light, but turns blue when cut within 5 minutes. Old representatives satanic mushroom They have a terrible smell of rotten onions.

Important. It is recommended to check the change in color of the cut on the legs directly during collection.

Who especially benefits from porcini mushroom?

Boletus contains many elements beneficial to the human body. It contains especially a lot of vegetable protein. In addition, the mushroom pulp contains vitamins PP, C, B, B1; trace elements: iodine, zinc, copper.

Porcini mushroom broths can put a person back on his feet after complex operation. Boletus stimulates digestive function, they have antitumor properties, and also help tone muscles and increase their endurance. Porcini mushroom is strongly recommended for consumption by athletes, vegetarians, people predisposed to cancer, and those with gastrointestinal problems.

Collection of porcini mushrooms: video

White mushroom: photo

Autumn is a wonderful time for picking mushrooms. Therefore, all over the world, experienced and novice mushroom pickers go hunting for boletus, honey mushrooms, porcini, chanterelles and other mushrooms.

In today's Top 10 we will talk about the most mushroom countries on the planet and specific locations selected by Forbes Life experts.

October is considered the national mushroom month in the Land of the Rising Sun. The truffle's main competitor, the Matsutake mushroom, grows here. The cost of a kilogram of such mushrooms in Europe reaches $4,000.

9. China

It is best to pick Chinese mushrooms with a guide. The most mushroom region is considered to be Yunnan Province, where 500 varieties of edible mushrooms grow. A surprising find for a Russian mushroom picker will be the so-called “mushroom cabbage,” which in our country is listed in the Red Book.

8. Spain

The peculiarities of the Spanish climate make it possible to collect mushrooms all year round. Moreover, there are about a hundred edible varieties growing in the country. Of particular note are the boletus mushrooms, as well as the Caesar mushroom, which is practically never found in our forests.

7. Poland

In November, the season for collecting the so-called “ Polish mushroom"- a relative of the familiar moss fly. You can collect mushrooms in Poland only in places specially designated by the administration. Tourists, as a rule, prefer to settle on eco-farms, around which there are designated areas for collection.

6. Italy

The most important mushroom for Italians is the Piedmontese truffle. If you are not lucky enough to find a wonderful, aromatic mushroom on your own, you can purchase it at the annual November truffle market, which takes place in the Piedmont region.

5. France

The main mushroom treasure of the country is the black truffle. Every year, gourmets from all over the world come to Provence to hunt truffles. Travel companies even organize special themed tours for those interested.

4. USA

Every year, the American Mushroom Institute publishes statistics on the number of mushroom pickers, picking competitions held, and record holders. For each mushroom picker in the States, a collection norm is established - no more than 13 kg per trip, of which there can be no more than ten in one year, otherwise a special license is required.

3. Canada

There are many special mushroom farms in Canada, where they are happy to give tourists excursions and organize master classes in mushroom cooking. To collect wild mushrooms, we recommend a two-hour excursion accompanied by an instructor, followed by preparation of the harvest.

2. Finland

The mushroom season in Finland ends at the end of November. Every year over 10 thousand foreign mushroom pickers come to the country at this time. Finnish chanterelles, boletus and bitter mushrooms are especially popular.

1. Belarus

Mushrooms in Belarus, without exaggeration, - national product. The harvest season here lasts until mid-November. Mushroom pickers enjoy using the special Internet resource Borovik.by, where you can download the most productive routes, as well as a structured mobile catalog of mushrooms.