How to correctly determine the readiness of different dishes? The most dangerous mushrooms in the world, how to identify them? List of the most poisonous.

Now we will tell you how to check whether mushrooms are poisonous. Eat different ways. We'll look at them. They will be useful to housewives and mushroom pickers.

Even on a dreary cloudy day, the forest looks incredibly beautiful. A slow walk along it will help you forget about the daily hustle and bustle for a while and immerse yourself in the magical atmosphere wildlife. He is generous with his gifts - picking berries and mushrooms brings not only pleasure, but also benefits, because many village residents are worried harsh winters thanks to the supplies they make from early spring until late autumn. City dwellers go to the forest more often for recreation, so not everyone knows well how to distinguish poisonous mushroom from edible.

How not to get poisoned?

A variety of dishes with mushrooms are present in almost all cuisines of the world. However, you should not engage in independent collecting if you are not confident in the accuracy of your knowledge and ability to distinguish edible from poisonous. Observing the period (1 day) and storage conditions (in a cool place without direct contact sun rays). You can safely prepare a delicious product.

Advice: mushrooms are not prepared or stored in aluminum, zinc, or ceramic dishes with glaze to avoid oxidation or reaction of some substances contained in them with the material of the dishes.

Careful handling will help avoid poisoning. quiet hunt, as mushroom pickers call collecting the gifts of nature. Take only those that you know well. Do not pick mushrooms near a highway, railway track or industrial enterprise.

You've come from the forest, you feel pleasantly tired, and there's nothing left on the table waiting for processing. collected mushrooms, alluring smell. And then you realize that you are not sure that you can eat them. How can you check whether a mushroom is poisonous or not at home? There are many ways to do this. But, unfortunately, it is impossible to reliably determine whether there are poisonous mushrooms among the collected mushrooms.

Here are a few options to help you check. We will also consider myths in parallel.

Silver and garlic

How to check whether a mushroom is poisonous or not? It is said that a silver object can be dipped into a pan containing this product. And if the silver darkens, it means there is a poisonous mushroom there. But this theory is not 100% correct. Since a reaction may occur with a substance that is released from edible mushrooms.

The changed color of garlic added during cooking also does not one hundred percent confirm the presence of dangerous stalks. After all, a reaction with the enzyme tyrosinase could have occurred, again.

Insects

There is an opinion that insects do not even land on poisonous mushrooms. This is not entirely true. Some sit and even feed on them. There are simply insects in nature that are resistant to poisons.

Taste and smell

Some people believe that poisonous mushrooms are tasteless and smell unpleasant. Is this so? It's impossible to say for sure. After all, there are several types of toadstools and fly agarics that smell very pleasant and are quite tasty (you should not try it yourself, since this information was obtained through the sad experience of careless tasters).

Souring or curdling of milk

How to check whether a mushroom is poisonous or not? Have you heard somewhere that milk will turn sour or curdle if poison gets into it? Yes, this can happen. But this can also only happen due to the enzyme pepsin, which is found in both normal and .

Salt and vinegar

You can neutralize some mushrooms in the following way. It is necessary to boil them in salted water with the addition of vinegar. Some conditionally toxic mushrooms, for example, stitches, can actually be neutralized in this way. But very toxic varieties will still remain deadly.

Alcohol won't help!

There is a widespread belief among the population that if you drink mushroom dishes with alcohol, then if poison enters the body, the latter can be neutralized due to this. This myth is one of the most dangerous. Because alcohol only enhances the effects of toxins. Such actions increase the risk of death.

How to check if mushrooms are poisonous when cooked?

You can use the following folk method. All you need is an onion. So how to check for poisonous mushrooms? When cooking these products, throw an onion, cut in half, into the pan. If the vegetable turns blue, then the mushrooms should be thrown away, as they are poisonous. These products can cause serious poisoning.

How to check whether a mushroom is poisonous or not? As can be seen from the many verification methods, it is difficult to know for sure. Remember that using such unscientific methods can result in mortal danger!

How to give first aid correctly

If trouble does occur, you should immediately contact medical institution, calling ambulance. Before the ambulance arrives, your actions can not only alleviate the suffering of the victim, but also save his life. Act clearly and quickly:

1. Don't panic.
2. Perform gastric lavage and induce artificial vomiting several times.
3. The victim should be placed comfortably in horizontal position and cover with a blanket.
4. Drinking regularly will help prevent dehydration and fight toxins. To do this, you need to drink milk, salted or just clean water.
5. Someone should always be near the patient to ensure that the victim is conscious and give ammonia to sniff in case of loss of consciousness, otherwise a coma may occur.

A little conclusion

So how can you check whether mushrooms are poisonous or edible? Mushroom pickers have one rule: “If there is even a slight doubt that a mushroom is edible, then we interpret it as poisonous.” Many edible specimens have doubles that are very similar to them.

Therefore, without first studying the classification and parameters of mushrooms, you should not go into the forest to get them yourself. The best way out would be buying mushrooms in a store, where you can talk about their quality and suitability with 100% confidence. And you won’t have to give up your favorite delicacies!

There are several methods for determining the toxicity of mushrooms, but none of them will be 100% reliable. You need to act carefully so as not to become a victim of poisoning. How to identify poisonous mushrooms? What methods can you use?

How to check mushrooms for edibility?

There are several precautions that need to be taken when picking mushrooms:

• fatal dangerous mushrooms belong to the lamellar type;
• among the tubular subspecies of mushrooms there are poisonous ones, but they are not fatal to humans;
• The fly agaric family is considered the most poisonous. This includes all types of fly agarics and toadstools. These varieties are distinguished by the presence of a thickening at the root of the stem and a ring near the cap;
• V coniferous forests honey mushrooms are not found. Individuals similar to them in such forests are poisonous;
• The mushroom picker should be alerted to the strong unpleasant smell of industrial alcohol; eating such specimens can lead to unpleasant consequences;
• If the flesh of the mushroom, when broken, acquires a reddish tint, then you should not take it.

If you have the slightest doubt about the edibility of mushrooms, it is better not to eat them to avoid poisoning. There is also no need to trust the opinion that insects avoid poisonous individuals. This is not a reliable indicator of edibility.

How to check mushrooms for edibility when cooking?

There are several options for testing the edibility of mushrooms during the cooking process. The most popular of them are:

• During cooking, you need to put some kind of silver product in the pan. If it darkens, then the mushrooms are poisonous. This is not a reliable test. Silver can darken from substances secreted by edible species;
• There is an opinion that onions and garlic added during cooking in the presence of poisonous individuals will acquire a brown tint. The shade may change even when exposed to poisonous mushrooms;
• To disinfect mushrooms, boil them in a vinegar-salt solution. This may not always help. Deadly toadstools do not become less poisonous when using this method.

Testing mushrooms for toxicity using milk is also not reliable. Milk curdles not from the presence of poison, but from the action of certain enzymes. They may also be present in edible specimens. Accordingly, there is not a single guaranteed way to identify poisonous mushrooms during cooking.

One of the traditional pickles in Russia is mushrooms. They have also earned their place of honor in soups and main courses and are rightfully considered a worthy alternative to meat (in terms of the content of nutrients and protein). But how many of us can distinguish a poisonous product from an edible one? Let's find out what the most dangerous mushrooms are and how to recognize them.

List of the most dangerous mushrooms in the world

Poisoning with these mushrooms can lead to all sorts of paralysis, edema, and kidney failure. If even a small dose is ingested, death is possible. Top 10 poisonous mushrooms in the world:

1. Bloody tooth;
2. Panther fly agaric;
3. Death cap;
4. The fly agaric is smelly;
5. Spring fly agaric;
6. The most beautiful cobweb;
7. Galerina bordered;
8. Patouillard fiber;
9. Entoloma is poisonous;
10. The talker is reddish.

What poisonous specimens can be found in our country?

Of course, first of all, it is important to know which of these toxic species grow in our homeland. Most of the above list is in Russian forests. There are the most common capable of causing serious harm to health.

Here is a partial list of them:

• Death cap. Perhaps one of the most famous and most poisonous mushrooms in the world. Toadstool is dangerous because of its similarity to champignon, because even after heat treatment, a small piece of toadstool can kill an adult.
• fly agaric and its subspecies (red, smelly). It would seem that the fly agaric, known to everyone since childhood, cannot be confused with anything, but it has many species, and some of them can easily be mistaken for edible.
• Sulphur-yellow false honey fungus. It is not difficult to guess from the name that this species masquerades as its edible fellow honey mushroom. False fungus grows almost everywhere to the globe, and it will be extremely difficult for a non-professional to recognize it.
• Cobweb. He's very good-looking. The correct shape of the cap and a beautiful, even color can attract attention, but only an inexperienced mushroom picker will cut it off, because it has no non-poisonous counterparts.
• Red champignon. An inedible type of champignon, it can be distinguished by its unpleasant smell and reddish color of the flesh. Its use will not lead to death, but poisoning for several days is guaranteed.
• False boletus or gall mushroom. Quite often found in Russia. It is incredibly similar to its edible counterpart and it is sometimes impossible to distinguish them by appearance. But you will immediately understand that you made a mistake with your choice, because... to taste false boletus very bitter.

How to distinguish an edible mushroom from a false one?

Unfortunately, There are no exact criteria for such selection, so there is always danger. Here we can give only a few tips that can protect you from making the wrong choice:

1. As a rule, false specimens that have doubles grow in the wrong place (i.e. boletus, boletus do not grow under their own tree, honey mushrooms grow on the ground, etc.)
2. Majority inedible species, despite their attractive appearance, they have a strong, repulsive odor.
3. Each mushroom individually must be carefully examined and if there is the slightest doubt, do not collect it under any circumstances.
4. If you are new to this business, consult with experienced mushroom pickers, or better yet, watch the process.
5. When you decide to go on a hike on your own, don’t be lazy and prepare from a theoretical point of view. Study the relevant literature, look at thematic websites.

How to determine whether a mushroom is false when cooked?

There are several ways to identify the dangers of this product, but such methods are, as they say, artisanal. None there is no confirmation of their veracity or, conversely, falsity. Accordingly, use them as the only true Not recommended!

Here are some examples:

• When cooking, you can put the onion in the pan; if it changes color (becomes bluish or purple), then there are inedible specimens in your basket.
• When cooking, any silver item is placed in the pan; if it has darkened, the mushrooms are poisonous.
• It is believed that a vinegar-salt solution can neutralize the dangerous effect false mushrooms, if you boil them in it.
• There is also a way to identify poisonous mushrooms using milk; if the milk curdles, the product is not suitable for consumption.

We remind you that all these options are unreliable! You shouldn’t rely on them alone, because milk can curdle due to interaction with all kinds of enzymes, and a vinegar solution will never neutralize, for example, a toadstool.

What to do in case of poisoning?

What to do if such a situation does occur? Let's look at what they should be actions for mushroom poisoning. It is necessary to provide first aid when the body is intoxicated.

There are a few simple rules, following which you will help alleviate the patient’s condition:

1. Call an ambulance immediately! When the first signs of poisoning appear, do not try to cope with the symptoms yourself. This can have very serious consequences;
2. Provide the patient with pastel mode;
3. It is necessary to drink water large quantities, gastric lavage promotes the rapid elimination of toxins;
4. Activated carbon absorbs harmful substances and alleviates the patient's condition.

Thus, you can never know for sure whether the most dangerous mushrooms ended up in your basket or not. Even the most experienced mushroom pickers may not notice this. When going into the forest, you need to be as attentive and prepared as possible. And without hesitation, leave a dubious mushroom without attention.

Video about 5 deadly mushrooms in central Russia

In this video, Leonid Varlamov will tell you what mushrooms you should be wary of in the forests middle zone Russia, how not to get poisoned by them:

Many people are familiar with the excitement of a mushroom picker who dreams of collecting a full basket. At the same time, in a hurry, you can put in the box not only the harmless honey mushroom, but also many other representatives of the mushroom kingdom that are dangerous to health. The only thing that can correct the situation is a thorough examination of each of the mushrooms found, which we will talk about below.

How to check mushrooms for edibility?

The main rule that helps prevent undesirable consequences from eating mushrooms is the following: it is better to come home with half a basket than to hastily collect unknown and “suspicious” specimens, the consumption of which can lead to poisoning. So, let's figure out how to test mushrooms for edibility.

How to check champignons for edibility

The main danger facing a mushroom picker when picking champignons is the possibility of confusing an edible mushroom with a poisonous toadstool. Their external resemblance may confuse an inexperienced mushroom picker.

To avoid misunderstandings, take a closer look at the color of the plate located on the cap: on a champignon it is slightly pinkish or even brown if the mushroom is already old, and death cap has a white or light beige plate.

How to check honey mushrooms for edibility

Often others can be mistaken for honey mushrooms, Not edible mushrooms, having a certain similarity with them. However, to distinguish real honey fungus you can get rid of its poisonous counterpart by paying attention to the mushroom stem. Honey mushrooms must have a so-called “skirt” located slightly below the cap, on a stem. In addition, honey mushrooms never have bright color the hat itself. If in front of you is a mushroom colored bright Orange color, it is better to avoid it.

Can you get poisoned by edible mushrooms?

When asking the question of how to test mushrooms for toxicity, you need to take into account that completely edible mushrooms can pose a health hazard if storage or processing rules are not followed.

• It should be remembered that mushrooms are a perishable product. Their shelf life in raw form and at room temperature is no more than a day.
• Cannot be stored ready dish from mushrooms in aluminum or galvanized containers.
• Mushrooms must be thoroughly fried. This is a product that requires long-term heat treatment.
• Use only the most suitable species for making soups: boletus, boletus, porcini mushroom.
• Do not eat raw mushrooms.
• It is not recommended to roll the product into jars with a metal lid during the canning period. This can trigger the growth of bacteria that causes deadly botulism.
• When cooking mushrooms, the water must be changed several times.
• Only boiled mushrooms can be frozen.
• You should not pick mushrooms during periods of drought or extreme heat.

How not to test mushrooms for edibility

When checking mushrooms, you should not trust folk methods: throw an onion into a pan with boiling mushrooms and watch for its color change, rub a silver spoon or other silver object on the cut of the mushroom. These methods cannot be called effective.

The ability to test mushrooms for edibility and a little patience will help you avoid unpleasant consequences associated with eating an unsuitable or even poisonous product.

It seems that now it is not fashionable to pick mushrooms on your own, but some city dwellers still go to the forest for mushroom hunting. This is also an opportunity to be on fresh air away from the noise, and a useful thing is to bring home lunch, and at the same time, prepare mushrooms for the winter. But such a pleasant thing can end in failure if an inexperienced mushroom picker brings a poisonous harvest from the forest. Read more about how to determine whether a mushroom is poisonous or not in our article.

How to distinguish edible mushrooms from unsuitable ones?

Many mushrooms dangerous to humans are difficult to distinguish from their edible look-alikes. And therefore - do not cut the mushroom at all, if he calls at least the slightest doubt. There is a misconception that it is enough to taste a questionable crop by slightly biting the cap or stem to determine whether it is poisonous or not. Allegedly, if bitterness appears, then this type cannot be used in cooking. Such experiments can end in terrible poisoning. You only need to check the mushrooms appearance, no taste experiments.

Types of poisonous mushrooms and how to identify them:

How to identify poisonous mushrooms when cooking

Mushrooms brought from the forest must be cooked immediately. Otherwise, after a few hours the entire crop will be inedible. All forest finds must be thoroughly washed, sorted and cleaned. Immediately throw away old, very large and weak mushrooms. After cooking, they will become soft, lose all taste, and their consumption can also result in poisoning. While the mushrooms are being sorted, their “authenticity” is checked once again. Again, only visually. All the myths that silverware darkens when it comes into contact with poisonous mushrooms are not true. You should not believe that poisonous mushrooms are not wormy; when cleaning, it will still not be possible to identify them by this sign.

When everything is checked, the mushrooms are cut and begin to cook. And here there is another secret, how to determine whether a mushroom is poisonous or not, already during the cooking process. Along with the forest harvest, the bulb is immediately lowered. If a poisonous mushroom does end up in the pan, the onion will take on a bluish tint. Then you will have to part with undercooked soup. If the bulb has become more transparent, all mushrooms are edible. After they are cooked, just before removing from the heat, you can carefully taste the broth. If there is no bitterness, then the dish can be eaten.