Presentation on ocean plants. Animals and plants in the world's oceans

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Animals and plants in the world's oceans

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World Ocean

The ocean is not just a body of water, it is full of life, sometimes much more diverse than that on land. There are five oceans on earth: the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern Arctic and Indian. Scientists estimate the number of ocean inhabitants to be more than two hundred thousand diverse organisms. The permanent inhabitants of ocean waters, in addition to a variety of fish, are crustaceans, cetaceans, turtles, cephalopods (squid, octopuses, etc.), benthos and plankton.

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Life underwater

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Seaweed

Seaweed - ancient, layered spore plants containing chlorophyll in their cells and living primarily in water. This definition, however, does not give an idea of ​​the enormous diversity in body structure that is characteristic of seaweeds. Here we encounter both unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as large forms of various structures. Reproduction methods achieve great diversity here. Even in color, seaweeds are not the same, since some contain only chlorophyll, others also have a number of additional pigments that color them in different colors.

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Coral is the skeletal material of the colony coral polyps(“bioherm”). Large concentrations of corals form coral reefs and coral islands. The color of corals depends on the composition and quantity organic compounds: There are not only pink, but also red, blue, white and even black corals. Red corals are called “blood foam”, “blood flower”, black ones are called “royal corals”. Pink, red and black corals are considered the most valuable.

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A short pause...

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Whales - marine mammals from the order Cetacea, not related to either dolphins or porpoises. Killer whales ("killer whales") and pilot whales have the word "whale" in their unofficial names, although they are strictly classified as dolphins. Whales adopted an aquatic lifestyle approximately 50 million years ago. Cetaceans are divided into two suborders: Baleen whales, distinguished by their baleen, a filter-like structure located on the upper jaw, consisting mainly of keratin. The mustache is used to filter plankton from water. Mustaches are the most large suborder whales Toothed whales have teeth and hunt fish and squid. The remarkable ability of this group is the ability to sense them environment using echolocation.

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Dolphins

Dolphins are characterized by the presence of a relatively small snout; body elongated; there is a dorsal fin. Very mobile and dexterous, voracious predators, living mostly socially; found in all seas. They feed mainly on fish, mollusks, and crustaceans; sometimes they attack their relatives. They are also distinguished by their curiosity and traditional good attitude to a person.

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The head of the crab is small, the short abdomen is symmetrical and tucked under the jaw-thorax. They live in seas, fresh water bodies and on land. Sometimes the photos reach enormous sizes. U giant crab, caught off the coast of Japan, the distance between the ends of the claws was 3.69 m. There are over 6,780 species in the world.

Geographical position:

limited to eastern coast Eurasia and Australia , west coast Northern And South America, Arctic Ocean in the north, Antarctica in the south

The Pacific Ocean is usually divided into northern and southern regions, the border of which runs along the equator.

Common data:

• Square 178.68 million km²
• Volume 710.36 million km³
• Average depth : 4,282 m.
• Greatest depth : 11022 m ( Mariana Trench).
• Salinity : 30-36.5 ‰.
• Along the 180th meridian Pacific Ocean the date line runs through.

The name “Quiet” is associated with the name F. Magellan

Ferdinand Magellan crossed it for the first time in 1519, the ocean was called “Pacific” because during the entire three months of the journey, Magellan’s ships did not encounter a single storm.

Pacific Ocean in different time had several names:

Southern Ocean or Southern Sea (Mar del Sur) - that’s what it was called Indians, indigenous people of Central America, and this name was adopted by Spanish conquistador Balboa, the first European to see the ocean in 1513. Today Southern Ocean called water surroundings Antarctica .

Great Ocean- named by French geographer Buachem in 1753. The most correct, but not the most popular name.

Eastern Ocean- sometimes called in Russia .

Ocean relief

Map of the depths of the Pacific Ocean

The ocean floor is dotted with pits, crevices, and trenches, the depth of which is significantly greater than average. IN northern latitudes There are trenches such as the North Aleutian and Kuril-Kamchatka. In the east: Peruvian and Central American. In the west there are two huge trenches - the Mariana and Philippine trenches.

Along the bottom of the Tihog O ocean passes the Mid-Ocean Ridge.

The famous "Ring of Fire" of the Pacific Ocean

Two huge rings of water movement are formed in the ocean: northern and southern. The Northern Ring includes the Northern Trade Wind Current, Kuroshio, North Pacific and California Currents,

the southern ring consists of the South Trade Wind, East Australian Current, West Wind Current and Peruvian Current.

Natural features of the ocean.

Question to the class: What are the effects of ocean currents? ?

Flora and fauna Pacific Ocean

Concentrated in the waters of the Pacific Ocean more than half of the living matter of the entire oceans Earth. This applies to both plants and animal populations.

For a fauna totaling up to 100 thousand species: sperm whales, striped whales. seals ( sea ​​lions), northern seals; rich fauna fish (from 2000 in warm areas to 800 in cold areas), corals, plankton - 380 species

At the bottom Quiet ocean worms with glowing "bombs" live

D/z: §17

• Mark the major islands of the Pacific Ocean on a contour map;
• Fill out the table in the “Pacific Ocean” column.

- all the seas and oceans of the planet

2/3 of the Earth's surface is occupied by the oceans, and only 1/3 by land.

The continents divide the World Ocean into 4 oceans.

Atlantic Ocean

Pacific Ocean

Indian

ocean

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Pacific Ocean

The largest in area. Occupies half the area of ​​the World Ocean and about a third of the area globe. That is why he is called the Great. It owns 20 seas and more than 10,000 islands. Called him quiet Magellan , because during his long journey across the ocean there was not a single storm.

The bottom of the Pacific Ocean is heterogeneous; there are underground plains, mountains and ridges. On the territory of the ocean is the Mariana Trench - the most deep point The world's oceans, its depth

Atlantic Ocean

Second by size. From north to south, the ocean floor is crossed by the mid-ocean ridge.

Indian Ocean

Third largest. It is located predominantly in the southern hemisphere.

Water temperature in Indian Ocean fluctuates from -1°C off the coast of Antarctica to + 30°C near the equator, average temperature water +18°C.

• The smallest of the four oceans in area. It is located in the northern part of the globe. Most of the North Arctic Ocean covered with thick ice - in winter it is almost 90% of the ocean surface.
• Only near the coast does the ice freeze to the land, while most of the ice drifts. The ocean is located entirely in northern latitudes and has a cold climate.

The World Ocean The ocean is not just a body of water, it is full of life, sometimes much more diverse than that on land. There are five oceans on earth: the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Southern Arctic and Indian. Scientists estimate the number of ocean inhabitants to be more than two hundred thousand diverse organisms. The permanent inhabitants of ocean waters, in addition to a variety of fish, are crustaceans, cetaceans, turtles, cephalopods (squid, octopuses, etc.), benthos and plankton.

Seaweed Seaweed is an ancient, layered spore-bearing plant that contains chlorophyll in its cells and lives primarily in water. This definition, however, does not give an idea of ​​the enormous diversity in body structure that is characteristic of seaweeds. Here we encounter both unicellular and multicellular organisms, as well as large forms of various structures. Reproduction methods achieve great diversity here. Even in color, seaweeds are not the same, since some contain only chlorophyll, others also have a number of additional pigments that color them in different colors.

Corals Coral is the skeletal material of a colony of coral polyps (“bioherms”). Large concentrations of corals form coral reefs and coral islands. The color of corals depends on the composition and amount of organic compounds: not only pink, but also red, blue, white and even black corals are found. Red corals are called “blood foam”, “blood flower”, black ones are called “royal corals”. Pink, red and black corals are considered the most valuable.

Whales Whales are marine mammals from the order Cetacea, not related to either dolphins or porpoises. Killer whales ("killer whales") and pilot whales have the word "whale" in their informal names, although they are strictly classified as dolphins. Whales adopted an aquatic lifestyle approximately 50 million years ago. Cetaceans are divided into two suborders: Baleen whales, distinguished by their baleen, a filter-like structure located on the upper jaw, consisting mainly of keratin. The mustache is used to filter plankton from water. Baleen whales are the largest suborder of whales. Toothed whales have teeth and hunt fish and squid. A remarkable ability of this group is the ability to sense their environment through echolocation.

Dolphins Dolphins are characterized by the presence of a relatively small snout; body elongated; there is a dorsal fin. Very mobile and dexterous, voracious predators, living mostly socially; found in all seas. They feed mainly on fish, mollusks, and crustaceans; sometimes they attack their relatives. They are also distinguished by their curiosity and traditionally good attitude towards people.

Crabs The head of crabs is small, the short abdomen is symmetrical and tucked under the jaw-thorax. They live in seas, fresh water bodies and on land. Sometimes the photos reach enormous sizes. A giant crab caught off the coast of Japan had a distance between the ends of its claws of 3.69 m. There are over 6,780 species in the world.

Sharks Sharks - superorder cartilaginous fish, including eight orders, twenty families and about 350 species. Representatives of the superorder are widespread in all seas and oceans; freshwater sharks are also found. Most species belong to the so-called true predators, some species, in particular whale, giant and largemouth shark, feed on plankton.