Presentation on the Allied Forces on the topic "International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Abstract on the topic of international peacekeeping activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
The manual has been developed in accordance with the requirements Federal laws Russian Federation“On conscription and military service”, “On defense”, “On the status of military personnel”.
The material presented in the book complements the content of the section “Basics military service» course “Fundamentals of Life Safety”. It can be successfully used by high school students, college students, technical schools, vocational schools, students pedagogical universities, as well as young men studying at training centers of organizations.
5.5. International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation
Protection national interests state assumes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. At the same time, they must take part in peacekeeping activities, both independently and as part of international forces. Security interests national security Russia suggests the need for a Russian military presence in some strategically important regions of the world. Long-term goals of ensuring the country’s national security also determine the need for Russia’s broad participation in peacekeeping operations. Carrying out such operations is aimed at preventing or eliminating crisis situations at the stage of their inception. Currently, the Armed Forces are considered by the country's leadership as a deterrent, as a last resort used in cases where the use of peaceful means has not led to the elimination of a military threat to the interests of the country. Performance international obligations Russia's participation in peacekeeping actions is seen as a new task for the Armed Forces to maintain peace.
The main document defining the principles of application and procedure for use peacekeeping forces Russia, is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for the provision by the Russian Federation of military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and safety." For the practical implementation of this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.” In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent with a total strength of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions, was formed in the Russian Armed Forces. Military personnel of the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in a number of regions: Yugoslavia, Tajikistan, Transnistria, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Georgia.
Recruitment of administrative bodies and units of the special military contingent is carried out on a voluntary basis based on the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel serving under contract. While serving as part of a peacekeeping contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are granted to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention adopted by General Assembly UN on February 13, 1996, the UN Security Convention on December 9, 1994, the Protocol on the status of military observer groups and collective peacekeeping forces in the CIS on May 15, 1992. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, the personnel of peacekeeping units is provided all types of allowances according to the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The preparation and training of peacekeeping troops is carried out in formations of the Leningrad and Volga-Ural military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses “Vystrel”.
Nowadays, the state of relations between leading states gives rise to some optimism in the low probability of a global nuclear conflict and another world war. However, constantly emerging small and large military conflicts in Europe and Asia, the countries of the “third world”, the claims of many of them to own nuclear weapons, instability political systems in many of these states they do not exclude the possibility of events developing according to an unpredictable scenario, including a major military tragedy. Unresolved disputes and contradictions, as well as armed conflicts arising from them, affect the vital interests of each state and pose a real threat to international peace and security. During conflicts, which often turn into civil wars, mass grave crimes are being committed against civilians, the destruction of villages and the destruction of cities, which are a gross violation international conventions. According to official UN data, by the mid-90s, during major post-war conflicts, the death toll exceeded 20 million people, more than 6 million were maimed, 17 million refugees, 20 million displaced people, and these numbers continue to grow.
From the above it is clear that at the present stage the world community is faced with a serious danger of being drawn into the elements of numerous, unpredictable in their consequences, difficult to control armed conflicts on a different basis, which is a destabilizing factor in the progress of society and requires additional efforts of states in the field of internal and foreign policy, because any conflict, in its essence, poses a threat to any states and peoples. In this regard, international peacekeeping activities advanced to last years in a row priority areas external and domestic policy many states.
All of the above makes us think about measures to ensure the protection of society from military attacks from the outside.
The history of human development knows many examples of the creation of interstate organizations, one of whose tasks is to maintain international peace and security. Special attention The solution to this problem, as practice has shown, was given after the end of large-scale wars. Thus, at the beginning of the twentieth century, after the First World War, the League of Nations was formed, which marked the beginning of the creation of more civilized and multifunctional organizations for ensuring peace and security. At the end of the Second World War, in connection with the virtual cessation of the League of Nations, a new international organization, which united almost all states for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security globe- United Nations (UN).
As for Russia, it has never been and never will be “pure” European country. Its duality was well expressed by the Russian historian V.O. Klyuchevsky, who emphasized that Russia is a transitional country, a mediator between two worlds. Culture inextricably linked it with Europe; but nature placed on her characteristics and influences that always attracted her to Asia or attracted Asia to her. And therefore Russia, even if it wants to isolate itself purely internal problems, cannot refuse to participate in the creation of a peaceful order simply due to its geopolitical position in the center of Eurasia. There is no one there to replace her. Stability in the middle zone of Eurasia guarantees stability throughout the world, and this is in the interests of the entire world community. And therefore an integral part of modern international politics Russian state are its carefully balanced, consistent actions aimed at preventing possible aggressions, preventing threats of wars and armed conflicts, strengthening security and stability on a regional and global scale.
It should be noted that the most important condition The defense capability of the state is the readiness of citizens to defend the interests of their state. The main guarantee of this protection is the achieved balance in nuclear forces, the military power of the state, which consists of national and military defense capability and the readiness of citizens to defend the interests of their state, including with arms in hand.
Thus, the need for all members of society, and especially representatives of the younger generation, to understand the importance of mastering military knowledge, methods of armed defense, and their preparedness to carry out tasks of protecting the interests of the state, including service in the Armed Forces, is clearly visible.
The first Soviet peacekeepers.
They appeared a quarter of a century ago.
Today, the participation of Russian military personnel in UN peacekeeping operations is commonplace. Currently, our soldiers and officers as military observers under the auspices of the UN can be found in many hot spots of the planet. But few people know how the participation of Soviet military personnel in UN peacekeeping operations began. In October 1973, by decision of the USSR government, in accordance with the UN Security Council resolution, the first group of our officers was sent to the Middle East. They were to monitor the ceasefire in the zone Suez Canal and on the Golan Heights after the military operations ended here. The group was led by Colonel Nikolai Belik. Commander of the first detachment of domestic “blue berets”, President of the Interregional public organization veterans of UN peacekeeping missions of the Russian Federation recall: “The group was formed very quickly. it included officers of the company and battalion levels, a total of twenty-five people. The commander of the Moscow Military District, Army General Vladimir Govorov, said that by decision of the military council I was approved as the commander of a special group of officers who will act as UN military observers in the Middle East.
At the General Staff, Army General Nikolai Ogarkov, then still deputy chief General Staff The Armed Forces of the USSR, gave instructions, noting that the peace that came after the end of the Arab-Israeli war in 1973 was quite fragile and that our group had a special responsibility, since it was the first time that Soviet military personnel were participating in UN peacekeeping operations.
In Cairo, senior Egyptian officials paid us close attention. It was explained by another outbreak of tension in Arab-Israeli relations. In their settlement, much depended on Moscow. The urgent arrival of our group in Cairo made it clear that the Kremlin would not allow further escalation of the conflict.
Serious attention was paid to getting to know the new region and the history of the country. on one of the November days, namely on the 25th, a solemn ceremony took place to present us with blue berets and blue scarves - an indispensable attribute of the uniform of UN military personnel. each of us received a special certificate confirming our status as UN military observers. The day of the ceremony can be considered the initial date for the beginning of the participation of Soviet military personnel in UN peacekeeping operations.
Soon, some of the officers left for Syria. The rest had to serve in Egypt. It is worth noting that in accordance with the resolution adopted by the UN Security Council on October 22, 1973, as well as not without the efforts of the Soviet government fighting in the Middle East were suspended.
I especially remember the first months of 1974. They turned out to be the most difficult for us. We had to participate in a number of serious peacekeeping operations. One of them - “Omega” - was held from February 5 to March 31. During Omega, 173 search operations were carried out for the remains of military personnel killed during the recent October military conflict, each of which lasted several days. Operation “Alpha Line” (determination of the border between the buffer zone and the zone of a limited number of Egyptian troops) was carried out in an equally difficult situation, since for almost a month it was necessary to operate on terrain that was a continuous minefield.
I cannot help but say that my comrades were in no way inferior to the experienced “blue berets” from the peacekeeping battalions of other states. We not only served together, but were also friends, showing true internationalism, which was necessary to maintain peace. Participants in peacekeeping organizations after a certain period of service on behalf of Secretary General The UN awarded medals “In the Service of Peace”. Together with military observers from a number of other countries, we, Soviet officers, received this award.”
Russia's participation in UN peacekeeping operations and activities to maintain peace and security in zones of armed conflicts in the territories former Yugoslavia and CIS member states.
The practical participation of Russia (USSR) in UN peacekeeping operations began in October 1973, when the first group of UN military observers was sent to the Middle East.
Since 1991, Russia's participation in these operations has intensified: in April, after the end of the Gulf War, a group of Russian military observers (RVO) of the UN was sent to the Iraq-Kuwait border area, and in September - to Western Sahara. Since the beginning of 1992, the scope of our military observers has expanded to Yugoslavia, Cambodia and Mozambique, and in January 1994 - to Rwanda. In October 1994, a UN RVN group was sent to Georgia, in February 1995 - to Angola, in March 1997 - to Guatemala, in May 1998 - to Sierra Peone, in July 1999 - to East Timor, in November 1999 - to the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Currently, ten groups of Russian military observers and UN staff officers totaling up to 70 people participate in peacekeeping operations conducted under the auspices of the UN. Russian military observers can be found in the Middle East (Lebanon), on the Iraq-Kuwait border, in Western Sahara, in the former Yugoslavia, in Georgia, in Sierra Leone, in East Timor, in Democratic Republic Congo.
The main tasks of military observers are to monitor the implementation of armistice agreements, ceasefire between the warring parties, as well as to prevent, through their presence without the right to use force, possible violations of accepted agreements and understandings of the conflicting parties.
The selection of candidates for UN military observers on a voluntary basis is carried out from among officers who have knowledge of foreign languages(in most UN missions this is English), who know the rules maintaining standard UN documents and having driving experience. Features of the UN military observer service, which require him to have qualities that allow him to make compromise decisions in the most unexpected situations and in as soon as possible, determines a special procedure for the selection and training of these officers. The UN requirements for a candidate military observer officer are very high.
The training of UN military observers for participation in UN peacekeeping operations since 1974 has been carried out on the basis of the former 1st Higher Officer Course “Vystrel”, currently it is the Training Center for Retraining and Advanced Training of Officers of the Combined Arms Academy. Initially, the courses were held once a year for 2 months (from 1974 to 1990, 330 people were trained). In connection with the expansion of participation of the USSR and Russia in UN peacekeeping operations (PKO), since 1991, courses began to be held 3 times a year. In total, from 1974 to 1999, over 800 officers were trained at the UN VN courses to participate in UN PKOs.
In addition to training military observers, staff officers and UN military police (organized since 1992), the courses actively participated in the implementation of the provisions of the Treaty on the Limitation of Armed Forces and Conventional Arms in Europe. In 1990-1991, the courses trained more than 250 inspector officers to monitor the reduction of armed forces and conventional weapons in Europe.
The practice of participation of Russian officers in UN missions has shown that in terms of level vocational training, moral and psychological state, ability to extreme situations make the most appropriate decision; they fully meet the requirements. And the experience accumulated by Russian military observers is actively used in organizing work to prepare for participation in new peacekeeping operations and improving their training methods.
The high level of training of officers of the Russian Armed Forces for participation in UN peacekeeping operations, the consistency of training programs and rich experience in improving the educational process at UN military observer courses arouse interest from foreign specialists and organizations.
Since 1996, courses have been providing training for foreign military personnel. In 1996-1998, 55 officers from Great Britain (23), Denmark (2), Canada (2), Norway (2), USA (17), Germany (5), Sweden (4) were trained at 1 VOC “Vystrel” .
In October 1999, 5 foreign students attended the courses (Great Britain - 2, Germany, Canada, Sweden - one each).
Training camps for the training of UN military observers are held three times a year for a two-month program. The timing of the training is coordinated with the schedule for replacing specialists taking part in UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs). The annual curriculum also provides for one month of training for UN PKO staff officers.
Scheduled classes in the UN VN training program are conducted with the participation of teachers of the main cycles of the training center, as well as seconded instructor officers with practical experience participation in UN peacekeeping operations. The training of foreign military personnel is carried out according to a one-month program together with Russian military personnel, starting from the second month of each training camp.
Teaching of special tactical and military-technical disciplines is conducted in Russian with the help of an interpreter. Special training classes for English language, conducted by officer-instructors.
Educational and material base provided training center for conducting training sessions for UN military observers, includes:
Equipped classrooms;
Automotive and other equipment;
Technical means training;
Polygon;
Hotel for students to stay.
The existing educational and material base allows us to train in English the following categories of specialists to participate in UN PKOs:
UN military observers;
UN Peacekeeping Force (PFO) Headquarters Officers;
Commanders of the rear and technical services UN MS;
Officers military police UN;
UN civilian police officers.
In April 1992, for the first time in the history of Russian peacekeeping activities, on the basis of UN Security Council resolution N743 and after completing the necessary internal procedures (decision of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation), a Russian infantry battalion of 900 people was sent to the former Yugoslavia, which in January 1994 reinforced by personnel, BTR-80 armored personnel carriers, and other weapons and military equipment.
In accordance with political decision Russian leadership Part of the forces of the Russian contingent of the UN forces in February 1994 was redeployed to the Sarajevo area and, after appropriate reinforcement, was transformed into a second battalion (numbering up to 500 people). The main task of this battalion was to ensure the separation of the parties (Bosnian Serbs and Muslims) and monitor compliance with the ceasefire agreement.
In connection with the transfer of powers from the UN to NATO in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Sarajevo sector battalion stopped performing peacekeeping tasks in January 1996 and was withdrawn to Russian territory.
In accordance with the decision of the UN Security Council to end the UN mission in Eastern Slavonia from January 15, 1998, the Russian infantry battalion (up to 950 people), which carried out the tasks of separating the parties (Serbs and Croats), was withdrawn in January this year. from Croatia to Russian territory.
In June 1995, a Russian peacekeeping unit appeared on the African continent. To solve the problems of aviation support for the UN Verification Mission in Angola (UNAVEM-3), a Russian military contingent consisting of seven Mi-8 helicopters and up to 160 military personnel was sent to Angola. Russian aviators coped with the assigned tasks in the most difficult tropical conditions of Africa.
In March 1999, the Russian aviation group of the UN Observer Mission in Angola (UNOMA) was withdrawn to the Russian Federation in connection with the cessation of the UN mission.
In August 2000 at African continent The Russian aviation unit was again sent to the UN peacekeeping mission in Sierra Leone. This is a Russian aviation group consisting of 4 Mi-24 helicopters and up to 115 personnel.
However, the main material costs Russia, with the participation of a special military contingent of the Russian Armed Forces, is responsible for maintaining international peace and security in zones of armed conflicts on the territory of the former Yugoslavia and the CIS member states.
Former Yugoslavia. The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation have been participating in the operation of multinational forces since April 1992 in accordance with UN Security Council Resolutions No. 743 of February 26, 1992 and June 10, 1999 No. 1244. Currently, the Russian military contingent is taking part in peacekeeping operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and in the autonomous region of Kosovo of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The main tasks of Russian peacekeepers:
Preventing the resumption of hostilities;
Creating security conditions for the return of refugees and displaced persons;
Ensuring public safety;
Supervision of mine clearance;
Support, if necessary, an international civil presence;
Perform border control duties as required;
Ensuring the protection and freedom of movement of its forces, the international civilian presence and the personnel of other international organizations.
Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova. The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone from July 23 to August 31, 1992 on the basis of the Moldovan-Russian agreement on the principles of the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova dated July 21. 1992
The main task is to monitor compliance with the terms of the truce and assist in maintaining law and order.
South Ossetia . The military contingent was introduced into the conflict zone on July 9, 1992 on the basis of the Georgian-Russian Dagomys Agreement of June 24. 1992 on the settlement of the Georgian-Ossetian conflict.
The main task is to ensure control over the ceasefire, the withdrawal of armed formations, the dissolution of self-defense forces and ensuring the security regime in the control zone.
Abkhazia. The military contingent was introduced into the zone of the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict on June 23, 1994 on the basis of the Agreement on Ceasefire and Separation of Forces of May 14, 1994.
The main tasks are blocking the conflict area, monitoring the withdrawal of troops and their disarmament, protecting important facilities and communications, escorting humanitarian cargo, and others.
Tajikistan. 201 medical units with reinforcement equipment became part of the CIS Collective Peacekeeping Forces in October 1993 on the basis of the Agreement between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan on cooperation in the military field dated May 25, 1993. Agreement of the Council of Heads of State of the Commonwealth Independent States on the Collective Peacekeeping Forces and joint measures for their logistical support.
The main tasks are assistance in normalizing the situation on the Tajik-Afghan border, protecting vital facilities and others.
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Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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International (peacekeeping) activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Presentation by the teacher-organizer of life safety of the Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 9 of Volgograd Aleshin Yu.G.
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Peacekeeping tasks of the RF Armed Forces One of the main tasks of the RF Armed Forces is: participation in maintaining (restoring) international peace and security, taking measures to prevent (eliminate) threats to peace, suppressing acts of aggression (violation of peace) on the basis of decisions of the UN Security Council or other bodies, authorized to make decisions in accordance with international law. Fight against terrorism; Combating piracy and ensuring the safety of navigation.
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Methods for carrying out peacekeeping activities of the RF Armed Forces Independently; In cooperation with international organizations. To carry out international peacekeeping operations under a UN mandate or a CIS mandate, the Russian Federation provides military contingents in the manner established by federal legislation and international treaties of the Russian Federation
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The international activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation today are inextricably linked with the implementation of military reform in our country and the reform of the Armed Forces. The starting point for reforming the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation was the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 16, 1997 “On priority measures to reform the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and improve their structure.” On July 31, 1997, the President approved the Concept for the development of the Armed Forces for the period until 2000. The main goal of military reform is to ensure the national interests of Russia, which in the defense sphere are to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state from military aggression from other states.
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While the non-use of force has not yet become the norm of international relations, the national interests of the Russian Federation require sufficient military power for its defense. In this regard, the most important task of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is to ensure nuclear deterrence in the interests of preventing both nuclear and conventional large-scale or regional war. Protecting the national interests of the state presupposes that the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation must provide reliable defense of the country. The interests of ensuring Russia's national security predetermine the need for Russia's military presence in some strategically important regions of the world.
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The main document that determined the creation of Russian peacekeeping forces, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .). To implement this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”
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In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent with a total strength of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions, was formed in the Russian Armed Forces. In total, until May 1997, more than 10 thousand military personnel from the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in a number of regions - in the former Yugoslavia, Tajikistan, the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, South Ossetia, Abkhazia, Georgia.
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Regions of peacekeeping missions of the RF Armed Forces Military contingent of 500 people in the conflict zone in the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova (introduced on June 23, 1992); Military contingent of 500 people in the conflict zone in South Ossetia (Georgia) (introduced on July 9, 1992) In the conflict zone in Abkhazia, military contingent of 1,600 people (introduced on June 23, 1994); Since October 1993, the 201st Motorized Rifle Division of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has been part of the Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the Republic of Tajikistan in accordance with the Treaty between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The total number of this contingent was more than 6 thousand people
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Since June 11, 1999, 3,600 Russian peacekeepers have been stationed on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Kosovo (Yugoslavia); Currently, the peacekeeping contingent is carrying out tasks to combat international terrorism and conduct humanitarian operations in Syria. Repeatedly fulfilled the tasks of an international mission under a UN mandate in African countries (Angola, Somalia, Sierra Leone, etc.)
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Recruitment of administrative bodies, military units and units of special military contingents is carried out on a voluntary basis based on the preliminary (competitive) selection of military personnel undergoing military service under a contract. The training and equipment of peacekeeping forces is carried out at the expense of federal budget funds allocated for defense.
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While serving as part of a special military contingent, military personnel enjoy the status, privileges and immunities that are granted to UN personnel during peacekeeping operations in accordance with the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations, adopted by the UN General Assembly on February 13, 1996, the Convention on UN Security of December 9, 1994, Protocol on the status of Military Observer Groups and Collective Peacekeeping Forces in the CIS of May 15, 1992.
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The personnel of the special military contingent are equipped with small arms. When performing tasks on the territory of the CIS countries, personnel are provided with all types of allowances in accordance with the standards established in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The preparation and training of peacekeeping troops is carried out at the bases of a number of formations of the Central and Western military districts, as well as at the Higher Officer Courses “Vystrel” in the city of Solnechnogorsk (Moscow region). The CIS member states concluded an Agreement on the preparation and training of military and civilian personnel to participate in collective peacekeeping operations, determined the procedure for training and education, and approved training programs for all categories of military and civilian personnel assigned to collective peacekeeping forces.
Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Peacekeeping activities of the RF Armed Forces The presentation was prepared by I.A. Smogunova, teacher-organizer of life safety, MBOU Secondary School No. 7, Gulkevichi.
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UN peacekeeping activities are one of the most important tools used by the world organization to fulfill its main statutory function - ensuring international peace and security.
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The main document that determined the creation of Russian peacekeeping forces, the principles of their use and the procedure for using them is the Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security” (adopted by the State Duma on May 26, 1995 .). To implement this law, in May 1996, the President of the Russian Federation signed Decree No. 637 “On the formation of a special military contingent of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation to participate in activities to maintain or restore international peace and security.”
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In accordance with this decree, a special military contingent with a total strength of 22 thousand people, consisting of 17 motorized rifle and 4 parachute battalions, was formed in the Russian Armed Forces. In total, until April 2002, one thousand military personnel from the peacekeeping units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation carried out tasks to maintain peace and security in two regions - the Transnistrian region of the Republic of Moldova, Abkhazia.
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UN Peacekeeper Patrol In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On the procedure for providing the Russian Federation with military and civilian personnel to participate in activities to maintain or restore peace and security” dated June 30, 1995, the decision to send citizens of the Russian Federation to participate in peacekeeping activities is made by the President of the Russian Federation. The President of Russia determines the area of peacekeeping operations, tasks, subordination, duration of stay, replacement procedure, number of contingents and their logistical support.
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The principles for the use of Russian peacekeepers are defined in the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, in the concept of foreign policy of the Russian Federation and the concept of national security, adopted in 2000. Federal laws and regulations of departments of the Russian Federation establish additional guarantees and compensation for peacekeepers and members of their families. All legislative acts and practical actions fully comply with accepted international obligations and norms of international law.
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In 2002, the UN General Assembly declared May 29 as International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. This day is designed to honor the sacrifice and dedication of peacekeepers serving around the world. It commemorates what the UN has done in various countries to alleviate suffering and reconcile warring parties.
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Blue-helmeted military personnel and their civilian counterparts work together to organize elections, actively participate in police and judicial reform, promote and protect human rights, promote gender equality, organize the voluntary disarmament of former combatants, carry out mine clearance, and support return efforts refugees and displaced persons to their homes.
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Peacekeepers of the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara check their route with a map. In accordance with the UN Charter, all UN Member States are required to make available to the Security Council the armed forces and capabilities necessary to conduct peacekeeping operations (PKOs). These operations are financed by the international community. All UN member states are required to pay their share of the costs of peacekeeping operations in accordance with the scale of assessments that they themselves set.
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The means of conducting UN peacekeeping operations are observer missions, expert missions (for example, to clarify situations of human rights violations), “good offices” missions (mainly carried out by the UN Secretary-General), reconciliation groups, mediators, special representatives of the UN Secretary-General , deployment of a UN contingent in the conflict zone.
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"Blue Berets" - military observer missions - groups of military specialists from different countries sent to areas of international conflicts to collect information about cases of violation of the peace agreement. Military observers are completely unarmed.
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The Blue Helmets are an international military contingent capable of conducting combat operations if necessary.
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The UN peacekeeping force was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1988. The Nobel Committee justified its decision by saying that “United Nations peacekeeping forces, under extremely difficult conditions, have contributed to reducing tensions in situations where a truce has been reached but a peace treaty has not yet been concluded.” “...The peacekeeping forces through their efforts have made an important contribution to the implementation of one of the fundamental principles of the United Nations. Thus, this world organization began to play a more central role in world affairs and enjoy increasing confidence."
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Peacemakers in any situation must remain neutral towards the parties to the conflict, impartial, highly moral, conscientious, responsive and embody the desire of all people for peace on the planet.
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As a sign of respect for the memory of fallen peacekeepers, the UN Secretary-General established a special award for posthumous awarding - the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal (Dag Hammarskjöld - deceased UN Secretary-General).
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Mikhail Letyagin, coordinator of the International Association “Soldiers of Peace,” says: “Russia, as a UN member state, the founding country of the peacekeeping movement, makes its contribution. But, unfortunately, Russia now ranks only 68th in terms of participation in peacekeeping missions. There are currently only 100 officers and civilian police serving on just 10 UN missions. It’s a bit of a shame that such a state occupies, say, a remote place, while Pakistan and India allocate large contingents to participate in peacekeeping missions. I would like Russia to rise to this level.”
