Methods for recycling solid municipal waste. Rules for handling municipal solid waste

TKO is an abbreviation that appeared relatively recently. Previously, the name “MSW” appeared in all documents. In addition to changes in the name of the waste group, some amendments were made to the law regarding the rules for handling MSW and the procedure for calculating standards. Therefore, the topic of the article is relevant for most of our population.

The concept of “municipal solid waste” (MSW) was established and defined in Federal Law dated December 29, 2014 No. 458-FZ(as amended on November 28, 2015). Aspects of this law regulate certain waste management requirements.

According to the law, MSW is waste that is constantly generated in residential buildings as a result of the use of any goods by residents. MSW also includes items that have become unusable as a result of their consumption by residents of houses for personal and household purposes. In addition to waste accumulated during the life of individuals, the MSW group consists of waste generated in the work of organizations and individuals registered as individual entrepreneurs, which in its component content is close to residential waste.

Composition of MSW

The law specifies the rights and obligations of government authorities different levels in the area related to MSW management. It also specifies the rules for obtaining a license for organizations that wish to collect, transport, process, and dispose of municipal waste.

In each subject Russian Federation According to the law, special organizations must be created to carry out all actions with MSW - regional operators. When choosing regional operators that are legal entities, a competition is held, as a result of which the winning organization receives permission to implement activities for the management of solid waste in the regions of the entire subject of the Russian Federation for a period of at least 10 years.

Manufacturers and importers of products are required by law to dispose of waste generated after consumption of these products. If this obligation is not fulfilled, then importers and producers will pay a certain amount environmental collection.

This law came into force on January 1, 2015, except for some of its aspects, for which other effective dates were determined (or changed).

Hazard Class

The entire list of types of waste that make up MSW can be viewed in the FKKO. According to this classification catalog, it is also possible to determine the hazard class of a particular type of municipal waste. Usually, larger number different groups of MSW are classified as waste hazard class IV or V.

Rules of circulation

All rules for the management of MSW are specified in detail in the document “On the management of MSW” dated November 12, 2016 No. 1156 established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Let's get acquainted with some aspects of the Rules.

The document states that all manipulations with MSW must be carried out in conditions of safety for people and the natural environment.

The organization appointed by the regional operator draws up an agreement with consumers, in accordance with which this organization becomes responsible for all stages of municipal waste management. The operator’s activities are determined by the region’s program in the field of MSW management and are carried out in accordance with the corresponding territorial scheme.

Actions related to the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, disposal and storage of MSW are carried out directly by the regional operator itself or with the help of other organizations working with waste.

MSW storage locations for consumers are determined in an agreement concluded with the regional operator. Waste collection can be carried out:

• in houses in garbage collection chambers equipped with special containers;
• in containers of various sizes located in specially designated areas on the street;
• in disposable (bags) or other containers provided by the operator himself.

Bulky waste should be stored:

• in bunkers on sites;
• in a specially designated area for large-sized waste.

According to the Rules, the priority technology for processing MSW is the one that allows automated waste sorting. Also, preference in waste disposal is given to technologies that ultimately ensure the production of secondary raw materials for various industries.

An important point when processing MSW is its exclusion from the total mass. hazardous waste(Classes I and II) to prevent them from ending up at landfills.

Everything is stated in the Rules possible reasons, in accordance with which the activities of regional operators may be terminated.

Accumulation standards

The standards for the accumulation of MSW are specified in Decree of the Russian Government of April 4, 2016 No. 269.

Note! When determining standard values The garbage generated during the cleaning of local areas is also taken into account.

For any differentiated category of objects, standards are determined separately. To establish standard values, waste is measured in accordance with established rules.

In order to calculate standards, special formulas are used that determine the following indicators:

1. The average daily standard for the season, which can be expressed in different units of measurement depending on the use of mass or volumetric values.
2. The average daily standard for different seasons (periods of the year), which can also be expressed in units of mass or volume per 1 calculation unit/day.
3. Average monthly and annual standards.

Density

The density of MSW (formerly MSW) is determined in the process of calculating waste accumulation standards. This important indicator, to establish which it is necessary to know the volume and mass of garbage. For this purpose, the accumulated waste is leveled and its parameters are measured using a special ruler. After this, the MSW is weighed and the mass of the container is subtracted from the resulting total mass. Using the obtained numbers, the subsequent calculation of the average density of waste is carried out, in which it is necessary to determine daily norm savings (depending on the number of residents), average monthly and average annual standards, annual MSW standards. Only by calculating the standards can the average density be determined.

Additional Information! The above calculations must be carried out by specialists in compliance with the standards and formulas specified in our legislation. In addition, certain equipment is required to carry out such work.

MSW disposal

Every year, over 70 million tons of MSW are generated in our country. Almost all waste can be recycled. However, in Russia, most municipal waste is simply stored in landfills, the area of ​​which is constantly increasing. This method of waste disposal is irrational both from an economic and environmental point of view. Therefore, the issue of proper processing of MSW requires close attention of the authorities and environmental services.

Let's look at the main methods of municipal waste disposal that exist today.

Burial. The cheapest way. However, it has many disadvantages. When waste decomposes in landfills in external environment stand out toxic substances, polluting water, atmosphere and soil. At the same time, huge territories are required, which after the liquidation of the landfill will be unusable for a long time. When implementing this method it is necessary to comply with the rules for the location of polygons: they must be created outside the boundaries settlements, recreation areas and water protection, medical institutions.

Burning. A common method today. The product of the process is ash, the volume of which is much less than the volume of MSW before combustion. The ash is usually taken to landfills. This method also has certain disadvantages associated with negative influence on ecology. Therefore, they are trying to improve it through the use of afterburning furnaces with a gas purification system and an electrical energy generator.

An environmentally more sustainable method is pyrolysis - the decomposition of waste in the absence of air at high temperatures.

Composting. A method for decomposing the organic component of waste. Its essence is to create compost heaps, in which waste is placed. In such heaps, decomposition of organic components occurs due to the activity of microorganisms. The disadvantage of this method is that during biodegradation of waste an unpleasant odor appears. The method also requires preliminary sorting of waste.

MSW recycling. Most waste can be recycled to produce new materials and products. The method allows you to save Natural resources, protect the environment and obtain a cheap raw material base.

Different components of MSW are processed in different ways.

Metal materials are sorted, pressed and packaged, after which the processed waste is sent to metallurgical enterprises for the purpose of melting down.

Plastic components serve as raw materials for the production of new products: polyester sheets and fibers, etc.

From glass residues it is obtained technical glass, used in construction work. During the processing process, raw materials are sorted, cleaned, dried, crushed and heated for further melting.

Paper waste (together with fresh raw materials) is used to obtain new paper. The collected waste paper is sorted, cleaned, in some cases bleached, and then sent to pulp and paper mills.

From wood waste produce a lot building materials(for example, fiberboard, chipboard), fuel briquettes, pellets, etc.

Discarded electrical devices are often a source of non-ferrous metals and polymers suitable for further use as raw materials.

Oily waste (asphalt, bitumen) is also processed.

Thus, the processing of each type of MSW is carried out using different technologies, therefore the most important stage This method of disposal is waste sorting.

Television correspondents talk in a video about one of the modern landfills for solid waste located in the Vologda region, the principles of its operation and the problems of unauthorized landfills

Innovations regarding the rules for working with MSW are not yet clear to every resident of our country. The change in the name itself (MSW to MSW) and the updated process for making payments for the provision of waste management services caused a lot of controversy. Unfortunately, only outdated methods of recycling solid municipal (household) waste remain unchanged.

The abbreviation MSW stands for “solid household waste" In other words, solid waste is things that have lost their consumer properties: waste paper, broken glass, food debris, etc. They can be divided into biological and non-biological. All this is formed in apartments every day and makes up the bulk of all urban solid waste.

Until December 2014, the abbreviation MSW was present in official documents, but with Federal Law No. 458 it was replaced by MSW. Therefore, there is no difference between MSW and MSW.

These amendments were made in order to normalize the pollution situation environment. Solid waste rotting in landfills for years has led to serious deterioration environmental situation In many major cities. Changes in legislation are aimed at combating pollution and increasing the amount of waste recycled.

Decoding MSW and MSW

According to the law adopted in December 2014, MSW is waste that appears in residential premises and is the result of human activity, or things that cannot perform their functions. Waste from legal entities and individual entrepreneurs also falls into this category, and it is this point that makes the concept of “municipal solid waste” broader than “domestic solid waste”.

For ordinary citizens, the difference between these abbreviations is not fundamental; it is important for organizations involved in the collection and removal of waste, since the concept of “solid waste” has now passed colloquial speech and cannot be used in official documentation.

The replacement of solid waste with solid waste was required to clarify the situation related to the removal of solid waste. If the status (residential or non-residential) and the area of ​​the premises were important for the disposal of solid waste, then the cost of utilities for the collection of municipal waste depends on the standards established for the consumer depending on his status. Residents of apartment buildings will now pay less for garbage collection than businesses.

MSW disposal methods

There are several options for getting rid of MSW:

• burial;
• burning;
• composting;
• recycling.

MSW disposal

At first glance, burying solid waste in landfills is the cheapest way, but in practice this is not entirely true.

Polygons for solid waste should be located far from residential, recreational, and water conservation areas; hospitals and parks must not be located near landfills. They occupy vast areas, and if their use is required in the future, it will be necessary to spend a lot of money and time to be able to work on them agriculture and the cost of residential buildings.

Landfills cause enormous damage to soil and air and pollute groundwater. In addition, during the decomposition of waste, gas is released that can ignite. To avoid fire, it must be collected and disposed of.

In addition, the disposal of radioactive and toxic solid waste is prohibited and requires another disposal method.

MSW incineration

The most common method of MSW disposal is incineration. Unlike landfill, which requires a lot of space, after incineration, only ash remains from municipal solid waste.

Another advantage of this method is its low cost. Besides, side effect combustion produces heat that can be used for heating and other purposes.

As with landfilling, the main disadvantage of incineration is the harm it causes to the environment. When burned, solid waste releases toxic substances that pollute air and water. But modern waste incinerators are equipped with a cleaning system and do not harm the environment.

Combustion also includes pyrolysis - the decomposition of solid municipal waste under the influence of high temperature in an airless environment. This method is also safe for nature.

MSW pyrolysis scheme

Composting is the decomposition of municipal waste by microorganisms. Only organic types of waste can be disposed of in this way. As a result of this processing, compost is obtained - a natural fertilizer, which is subsequently used in agriculture.

This method is simple and cheap, but its implementation requires waste sorting. The only drawback is the unpleasant odor released as a result of rotting.

MSW recycling

MSW includes a large amount of waste that can be reused:

• ferrous metal and non-ferrous metal sent to foundries for subsequent melting;
• plastic, if it is not heavily contaminated, and there are no strict requirements for the material obtained after processing;
• glass, which after processing can be used in construction;
• waste paper, from which paper is made;
• tree, which may be useful in construction in the future;
• consumer electronics, from whose electronic boards the sorted metal is sent for recycling;
• petroleum products: asphalt or bitumen.

Each type of waste has its own processing technology. Using recycled materials in production saves natural resources.

Classification of MSW and their processing, expressed as a percentage

Options for saving on waste

Changes to the law were made to regulate the system of waste removal and recycling. Previously, waste was either taken out and thrown into a landfill, without understanding whether there were raw materials suitable for processing, or only what was classified as solid waste was taken, and the rest was thrown into the nearest landfill.

Now the management company is obliged to monitor the accumulation of waste and the cleanliness of containers, and reduce the cost of MSW management services for processed solid waste.

There are ways to reduce fees for this type of utility service:

• The cost of services depends on the number of people permanently residing in the apartment. When leaving on vacation or a business trip for more than 5 days, you should apply for recalculation.
• If the services provided by the operator are of poor quality (untimely removal of municipal waste, etc.), you should file a complaint. In this case, the operator is obliged to pay a fine, and residents can achieve a reduction in payment.
• When separating solid waste, fees are calculated based on volume, rather than standards for each resident. In addition, the final bill for services is reduced due to waste sent for recycling.

IN Lately The environmental community is literally in a fever from the simultaneous adoption of several serious legal acts that are restructuring the entire system environmental control and supervision in Russia. So, on the eve of the New Year, we received an unexpected legislative “gift” - Federal Law No. 458-FZ dated December 29, 2014 “On Amendments to the Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”, certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation and the recognition of certain legislative acts as invalid (provisions of legislative acts) of the Russian Federation" (hereinafter referred to as Federal Law No. 458-FZ). This document radically changes the waste management system, affecting the fundamental concepts and principles of environmental law.

We will not dwell in detail on all the changes provided for by Federal Law No. 458-FZ. Let us only note that they touched upon almost all aspects of waste management: the issues of ownership of waste, the procedure for licensing waste management activities, vocational training persons authorized to handle waste, and much more. In addition, the terminology used in the field of waste management has also undergone changes.

The innovations also affected the most frequently generated waste—solid household waste. So, in Art. 1 Federal Law dated June 24, 1998 No. 89-FZ “On production and consumption waste” (hereinafter referred to as Federal Law No. 89-FZ), a new term appeared for this category of waste:

Extraction

Article 1. Basic concepts
[…]
municipal solid waste- waste generated in residential premises during consumption individuals, as well as goods that have lost their consumer properties during their use by individuals in residential premises to satisfy personal and household needs. Municipal solid waste also includes waste generated during the activities of legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and similar in composition to waste generated in residential premises during consumption by individuals;
[…]

In addition, new terms relating to the management of MSW were introduced into this article:

Extraction
from Federal Law No. 89-FZ

Article 1. Basic concepts
[…]
standard for accumulation of municipal solid waste— average amount of municipal solid waste generated per unit of time;
[…]
municipal solid waste operator- an individual entrepreneur or legal entity engaged in the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, and burial of solid municipal waste;
regional operator for municipal solid waste management[…] - municipal solid waste management operator - a legal entity that is obliged to enter into an agreement for the provision of treatment services with municipal solid waste with the owner solid municipal waste that is generated and collection sites for which are located in the area of ​​activity of the regional operator;
[…]
balance of quantitative characteristics of the formation, recycling, neutralization, burial of solid municipal waste on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation - the ratio of the amount of generated solid municipal waste and the quantitative characteristics of their disposal, neutralization, burial, transfer to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation (receipts from other constituent entities of the Russian Federation) for subsequent disposal, neutralization, burial;
[…]

Thus, the term familiar to us "municipal solid waste (MSW)" was replaced by "municipal solid waste (MSW)". In our opinion, the new term is more consistent with established environmental practice. In addition, completely new concepts have been introduced into the field of waste management MSW management operator And regional operator for MSW management, by which we mean organizations of the public utility complex.

In accordance with Federal Law No. 458-FZ, from January 1, 2016, Federal Law No. 89-FZ will be supplemented with Art. 13.2, which contains requirements for development and implementation regional programs in the field of waste management, incl. with MSW. Such a program will have to include the values ​​of target indicators in the field of waste management (including MSW), the achievement of which is ensured as a result of the implementation of the program, a list of activities for waste management (including MSW) indicating the expected results , as well as information on the financing of these activities. These measures should be aimed at stimulating the construction of waste treatment, recycling, neutralization, and disposal facilities (including MSW); co-financing the construction of facilities for the collection, transportation, processing and disposal of waste from the use of goods; stimulating waste recycling, identifying places of unauthorized waste disposal, etc. The list of events will be taken into account when developing the relevant events government programs and be subject to agreement with the territorial bodies of the authorized federal body executive power(i.e. with Rosprironadzor). The regional program will be required to be published on the Internet.

From January 1, 2016, Federal Law No. 89-FZ will also be supplemented by Art. 13.3, according to which, for the purpose of organizing and carrying out activities for the collection, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, disposal of waste, the authorized executive body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation will approve territorial scheme in the field of waste management, incl. with MSW. This scheme will have to be developed in accordance with territorial planning documents and include data on the location of sources of waste generation, on the amount of waste generated, on targets for the neutralization, recycling and disposal of waste, on the location of waste collection and accumulation sites, on the location of treatment facilities , recycling, neutralization, disposal of waste (including MSW) on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, etc. The scheme will also be subject to approval by Rosprirodnadzor and will be publicly available on the Internet.

From January 1, 2016, Federal Law No. 89-FZ will be supplemented with an entire chapter - Ch.V.1 “Regulation of activities in the field of municipal solid waste management”(vv. 24.6-24.13).

In accordance with Art. 24.6 collection, transportation, processing, disposal, neutralization, disposal of MSW on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation will be carried out regional operator in accordance with the regional program in the field of waste management and the territorial waste management scheme, while the rules for handling MSW approved by the Government of the Russian Federation will have to be observed. The management of MSW, which is waste from the use of goods, will be carried out taking into account the features established in Art. 24.2 of Federal Law No. 89-FZ. The status of a regional operator will be assigned to a legal entity on the basis of a competitive selection conducted by authorized executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for a period of at least 10 years. The grounds for depriving a legal entity of the status of a regional operator will be determined in the rules for handling MSW.

According to Art. 24.7 The owner of MSW will enter into a contract with the regional operator public contract in accordance with a standard agreement approved by the Government of the Russian Federation (the agreement can be supplemented by agreement of the parties with other provisions that do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation). The regional operator will not have the right to refuse the owner to enter into an agreement if the owner’s waste is generated and the places of their collection are located in the operator’s area of ​​activity (by the way, the regional operator will have the right to carry out activities on the territory of another constituent entity of the Russian Federation in accordance with the rules for handling MSW and taking into account the agreement , concluded between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation). This situation cannot but rejoice, because it turns out that the owners of solid waste disposal facilities - regional operators - will have not only rights, but also responsibilities.

For example, author of the article, working at one time as an ecologist at large enterprise, has been running wild looking for companies willing to accept some specific types of waste. Moreover, these wastes were indicated in the company’s licenses, but according to various reasons(most often it was the lack of profit and desire to “tinker” with such waste) we were refused.

Based on Art. 24.8 k regulated activities in the field of MSW management will include:

MSW treatment;

MSW neutralization;

MSW disposal;

Provision of services for handling MSW by a regional operator.

All listed activities will be carried out at prices determined by agreement of the parties and not exceeding marginal tariffs, which will be established by the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, authorized in the field of tariff regulation, for each organization carrying out specified species activities, and for each of listed types activities. A single tariff for the service of a regional operator for the management of MSW, as well as tariffs for the processing, neutralization and disposal of MSW, will be subject to regulation.

FOR YOUR INFORMATION

When establishing a single tariff for the service of a regional operator, its costs for processing and disposal of MSW will not be taken into account.

According to Art. 24.9 tariff regulation will be carried out by executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation or local government bodies. A unified tariff for MSW management services will be established in relation to regional operators, and other tariffs subject to regulation will be established in relation to MSW management operators. Tariffs will be calculated based on the pricing framework established by the Government of the Russian Federation. Methods for regulating tariffs and criteria for their application will be determined by the Government of the Russian Federation. In the event of a change in tariffs at the initiative of the state (for example, due to changes in legislation), a procedure will be provided for compensation of lost benefits for MSW operators. Federal body executive power, authorized in the region government regulation tariffs in the field of MSW management, will monitor tariffs.

In accordance with Art. 24.10 to calculate the volume and (or) mass of MSW when concluding contracts with MSW operators, it will be necessary to follow rules for commercial accounting of volume and (or) mass of MSW, approved by the Government of the Russian Federation. In cases determined by the Government of the Russian Federation, the volume and (or) mass of MSW is planned to be determined based on MSW accumulation standards, established by executive authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation or local government bodies. The procedure for determining standards for the accumulation of MSW will be established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

According to Art. 24.11 all information relating to regulated types of MSW management activities (including information on tariffs and parameters tariff regulation), will publicly available and will have to be published on the Internet.

Based on Art. 24.12 the legality and validity of establishing and changing tariffs will be checked at the federal and regional levels, and planned and unscheduled inspections(for example, based on requests from citizens).

In addition, according to Art. 24.13 now for the construction, reconstruction and (or) modernization of facilities used for the management of MSW, it will be necessary to draw up on the basis of a territorial scheme in the field of waste management investment program, which will have to contain planned and actual values ​​of performance indicators of MSW management facilities, a list of measures for construction, reconstruction and (or) modernization, the volume of financial needs, a program implementation schedule and a preliminary calculation of tariffs in the field of MSW management. The procedure for development, coordination, approval and adjustment of investment programs will be established by the Government of the Russian Federation.

Thus, by the end of 2015, the Government of the Russian Federation and the executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation will have a lot of “paper” work to do, because they must develop and approve a lot of by-laws in the field of MSW management before Chapter comes into force. V.1 of Federal Law No. 89-FZ, i.e. until January 1, 2016

NOTE

WITH January 1, 2016 Art. 23 of Federal Law No. 89-FZ will be supplemented with paragraphs. 4 and 5, according to which payment for negative impact environmental impact (hereinafter referred to as EEOC) when disposing of waste ( excluding MSW) will be individual entrepreneurs, legal entities, in the course of whose economic and (or) other activities waste is generated, while payers of fees for environmental waste when placing MSW will be MSW management operators, regional operators, carrying out activities for their placement.
In addition, according to clause 9, which will also be supplemented from January 1, 2016, Art. 23 of Federal Law No. 89-FZ, the costs of paying for the NVOS when placing MSW will be taken into account when setting tariffs for the operator for the management of MSW, the regional operator in the manner established by the principles of pricing in the field of MSW management.

Let's note one more important point: With January 1, 2019 Art. 23 of Federal Law No. 89-FZ will be supplemented with paragraphs. 6 and 7, on the basis of which, when waste is disposed of at waste disposal sites that do not provide an environmentally friendly environment, no payment for environmental impact will be charged, however, it should be noted that the exclusion of environmental impact (due to the implementation of environmental measures, the availability technical solutions and structures that ensure environmental protection) will need to be confirmed by the results of environmental monitoring.

As we see, the changes provided for by Federal Law No. 458-FZ significantly limit the rights of local governments in the field of waste management. If now they can organize the collection, removal, disposal, and recycling of waste themselves, then starting from January 1, 2016, they will only be able to take part in all waste management operations, and village self-government bodies will only be able to participate in the collection and transportation of MSW, district - in the processing, disposal, neutralization and disposal of solid waste, and urban - in all of the above operations within urban districts.

In our opinion, all this is only for the better. During her career, the author has repeatedly worked with village administrations on the issue of concluding contracts with licensed landfills and can confidently state that there is chaos and a complete lack of understanding of the system of environmental control and supervision in general and safe waste management in particular.

For example, Once, the developer of the draft standards for waste generation and limits on their disposal, who demanded that a rural school sign an agreement with a landfill, was instead presented with a certificate with the seal of the local administration stating that this school was allowed to export solid waste to the nearest ravine outside the village!

Significant progress towards achieving safe waste management can occur if natural resource users comply with the following norm of Federal Law No. 89-FZ, which will come into force on January 1, 2017:

Extraction
from Federal Law No. 89-FZ

Article 12. Requirements for waste disposal facilities
(as amended, which will come into force on 01/01/2017)
[…]
8. Burying waste that contains useful components that are subject to disposal is prohibited. The list of types of waste that contain useful components, the disposal of which is prohibited, is established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
[…]

Thanks to the changes provided for by Federal Law No. 458-FZ, another gap in the legislation, which has already been mentioned more than once, has been closed. So, from January 1, 2016 Art. 12 of Federal Law No. 89-FZ will be supplemented with clause 10 as follows: “The use of municipal solid waste for land and quarry reclamation is prohibited.” One of the author’s articles, previously published in the Ecologist’s Handbook, was devoted to this issue. The fact is that many unscrupulous users of natural resources are currently trying to “place” their household and construction waste, filling voids from mining or trenches, pits, quarries, passing off this process as land reclamation. Moreover, there are cases of approval (!) of projects for such reclamation. Over the past couple of years, several explanatory letters from Rosprirodnadzor have been issued to explain this situation. And now, fortunately, the norm in question will be enshrined in law, which will eliminate any discrepancies.

We briefly reviewed the innovations in the field of solid waste (now MSW) management that await us in connection with the adoption of Federal Law No. 458-FZ. We advise our readers to study this document in more detail, especially the timing of the entry into force of its individual provisions. Time will tell how it will work in practice. Let's hope that the adoption of this legal act will not cause another round of bureaucratization of the environmental control system, but will lead to a real improvement in the environmental situation in our country.

From the beginning of 2019, the system of collection and disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) will change dramatically. According to Federal Law No. 458 dated December 29, 2014, letter of the Ministry of Construction No. 45067-ACh/04 dated December 30, 2016, each constituent entity of the Russian Federation will be divided into zones where regional operators involved in the removal and disposal of MSW will be selected.

The regional operator will be selected according to the rules established by the Post. No. 881 dated 09/05/2016. The company selected on a competitive basis will be responsible for all stages of collection, processing and disposal.

A company planning to become a regional operator must have state. registration on the territory of the Russian Federation, a set of documents for working with waste of grades 1-4, as well as the necessary technical, technological and transport conditions and capabilities.

In addition, the company should not be in bankruptcy, have debts or fines for violating waste management laws. Preference will be given to companies that use advanced environmentally friendly methods of waste management, and also focus on waste sorting.

Regional operators will take care of waste collection sites

Selected regional operators will be responsible for all issues related to export. In addition to their current work, they will be tasked with eliminating illegal dumps on their property. The area of ​​responsibility will also include the cleanliness of garbage containers at the MSW collection site. As a result, each discarded piece of paper will have an owner who will be responsible for its disposal.

The legal gap that makes many waste collection sites look unpresentable will disappear. Now the municipality is responsible for waste collection areas located on municipal land, and the management company is responsible for waste container sites located in local areas. This will no longer happen in 2019. The regional operator will be responsible for all sites. It is his representative who will need to complain if scattered and uncleaned garbage is left after the garbage truck.

MSW collection will become separate

Operators will have to provide the population with a sufficient number of containers for household waste. Waste that needs to be sorted will be collected in one container, and unsorted waste in the other. If these rules are violated, companies involved in the collection and transportation of waste will be charged increased fees for accepting unsorted waste into the landfill. In some regions, you will have to pay 10 times more for 1 m² of waste that has not been sorted.

Unfortunately, all costs associated with the implementation of new laws will often be included in the cost of services and passed on to residents. As practice shows, this is exactly what happened in many regions. There is already information from the regions about significant increases in fees for the removal of MSW. According to N 486-FZ dated December 28, 2016, all Russians will be familiarized with the new prices for this service by July 1, 2018.

Landfills will not be issued licenses without equipping MSW sorting areas

This decision was made in many areas, including the Leningrad region, where it was officially announced that starting from 2019, no landfill that does not have a sorting system will be able to obtain or renew a license. This will reduce the volume of landfilled MSW by 20%.

Similar decisions have been made by other regions of the Russian Federation, where sorting areas are being hastily built at landfills. Many of them are built using foreign technologies that make it possible to extract materials from waste that can be recycled - glass, plastic, metal, paper, rubber, electronics. This state of affairs fully complies with Order No. 1589-r dated July 25, 2017 on goods not subject to burial. Therefore, starting in 2019, Russian waste collection sites are gradually being converted into technology parks with multi-stage waste sorting.

What other difficulties will arise along the way of implementation? new system collection and disposal of MSW is unknown. But from 2019 all innovations will come into force, and Russia may become a country of civilized landfills.

However, this process will involve re-registration large quantity permitting and licensing documents. Since the procedure for collecting papers, obtaining permits and licenses is related to big amount controversial and uncertain issues, it is better to entrust it to a company providing such services.

12/26/2018, Sashka Bukashka

Payment for utility services hides many things that are incomprehensible to common man notation. We continue to reveal their meaning for you, and now it’s your turn to find out what MSW is in an apartment receipt.

In 2017-2018, many consumers for the first time encountered a line such as “payment for MSW management” in their payment receipts. In 2019, this line will become familiar to all residents of apartment buildings, because the Government of the Russian Federation has removed this service from general building needs. So what is hidden behind this mysterious abbreviation?

MSW handling: what's on the receipt

The abbreviation stands for very simply: “municipal solid waste”. This concept has been included in the Housing Code since 2016. According to the standards, now the management of solid waste is a public service. And if previously it was paid for centrally by management organizations or housing maintenance associations, and apartment owners simply paid for it as part of general house needs, now the situation has changed. All residents must pay for garbage removal (and this is exactly such a service), and the functions of the management organization, as before, include concluding an agreement for its implementation.

Regional operators and separation of duties

Each region must determine an operator for the management of municipal solid waste and establish uniform tariffs for the removal of garbage and other waste, as well as their processing. In its turn, management organization must enter into a waste removal agreement, as well as:

• keep container areas clean;
• equip them and ensure correct placement.

In turn, the operator is obliged to remove waste to landfills according to the schedule, as well as:

• sort waste;
• treat waste;
• neutralize and bury them.

This entire cycle is included in the fee that residents pay on their housing and communal services receipt. Transition period for new order installed until 01/01/2019. Therefore, last year, residents of regions where a regional operator had not yet been selected, or of houses whose management or HOA had not yet entered into an appropriate agreement, could pay for garbage removal according to the old rules and not see the line “MSW management” in their documents. But in 2019 everything will change.

How to pay for MSW using a receipt

When household waste was included in general house needs, no payment was allocated for it, and the cost was distributed in multiples of the area of ​​the apartment or other premises in apartment building. Now that it is a separate utility, it has its own line item. The fee standard is determined depending on the number of people living. The tariff is set at the regional level and depends on various factors:

• actual number and volume of containers used;
• availability of conditions and opportunities for sorting and separate storage (this will make it possible to set a lower tariff than for unsorted waste);
• the predominance of waste that is not subject to burial and incineration (garbage that can be recycled).

Officials calculate the standard based on the average “production” of waste by one person. Age, health and social status do not play a role in this case. Utility service for the management of municipal solid waste is controlled by the state and municipal authorities in terms of setting tariffs and fulfillment of their duties by service operators. Therefore, the document must contain exactly the tariff that is approved in the region.