The largest monkeys in the world. The smallest monkeys in the world How many species of monkeys exist in the world

Monkeys are fairly well-studied four-armed mammals that are closest in origin and body structure to humans. In a broader sense, all monkeys are representatives of the order Primates. According to the new taxonomy, real monkeys are allocated to the infraorder Apes, and are united with tarsiers, belonging to the suborder Dry-nosed primates (Harlorhini). All prosimians (with the exception of tarsiers) are classified in the suborder Wet-nosed primates (Strepsirrhini).

Description of monkeys

The brain of monkeys is quite well developed, therefore it has a so-called complex structure. Apes are characterized by the presence of highly developed parts of the brain that are responsible for the meaningfulness of movements. Most monkeys have binocular vision, and the whites of the eyes, along with the pupils, are black in color. The dental system of monkeys is similar to human teeth, but narrow-nosed and broad-nosed monkeys have some noticeable differences - there are 32 and 36 teeth. Apes have massive teeth with complex root structures.

Appearance

The body length of adult monkeys can vary markedly - from fifteen centimeters in the pygmy marmoset species to a couple of meters in male gorillas. The weight of the animal also directly depends on the species characteristics. The body weight of the smallest representatives can be no more than 120-150 grams, and individual, largest gorilla individuals often weigh 250-275 kg.

A significant portion of monkey species that lead an exclusively arboreal lifestyle have a long back, a short and narrow chest, and fairly thin hip bones.

Gibbons and orangutans are characterized by the presence of a wide and massive chest, as well as well-developed, large pelvic bones. Some species of monkeys are distinguished by a very long tail, exceeding the length of the body, and also performing a balancing function during the active movement of the animal through the trees.

Land-dwelling monkeys are characterized by a short tail, but apes do not have one at all. Monkey's body varying degrees length and thickness cover hair, the color of which can vary from light brown and red tones to black and white and grayish-olive tones. Some older individuals become noticeably grayer over the years, and many male monkeys are even characterized by the appearance of bald spots.

Four-armed mammals are distinguished by mobile and very well-developed upper limbs, endowed with five fingers. The phalangeal part ends with a nail. Also to distinctive features monkeys refers to the presence of opposition thumb. From general development An animal's lifestyle directly depends on its legs and arms. Species that spend a significant part of their time only in trees have short thumbs, which helps them easily move from one branch to another. And, for example, the feet of a baboon are characterized by a pronounced length and even some grace, which makes it convenient to move on the ground.

Character and lifestyle

The social behavior of monkeys is still not well understood, however, the basic general information about the character and lifestyle of such primates. For example, marmosets also lead an arboreal lifestyle, and the nail plates, which have turned into strongly curved claws, allow such monkeys to easily climb trees. All prehensile-tailed monkeys, when collecting fruits from trees, are securely held by the branches with their long and very tenacious tail.

This is interesting! Representatives of many species of monkeys leading an arboreal lifestyle do not descend to the surface of the earth, since in the crowns of a tree such animals are able to find everything they need for life.

Tree species are represented by small monkeys, which are simply amazingly mobile, and macaques and baboons living in Asia and Africa search and collect food on the ground, but spend the night only in tree crowns. Frilled baboons inhabit the most open spaces in savannas and plateaus. Such animals are not very mobile and belong to the category of typical land monkeys.

Monkey intelligence

Apes are very intelligent animals, as evidenced by a number of different scientific studies and experiments. The intelligence of chimpanzees, whose genetic base is approximately ninety percent identical to human indicators, has been most studied to date. This species is so genetically close to humans that at one time scientists even proposed to classify such an animal as a member of the genus Humans.

Unable to speak due to the peculiarities of the vocal apparatus, chimpanzees are quite capable of communicating in sign language, symbols and the language of lexigrams. IN natural conditions anthropoid species often and actively use tools to collect water and honey, catch termites and ants, hunt animals and crack nuts. Regardless of the relationships within a herd or pack, monkey communication is characterized by complex forms of behavior. Such animals are not at all alien to many feelings, including friendship and love, envy and resentment, rancor and cunning, intense anger, as well as empathy and grief.

This is interesting! Japanese macaques are incredibly inventive monkeys who, thanks to their extraordinary intelligence, have found a way to protect themselves from frost in their habitats and plunge neck-deep into the waters of hot springs to warm up.

Monkeys try to unite in herds or flocks, so they are forced to maintain constant communication with each other. Thanks to secretion marks from the scent glands, animals receive information about the sex and age, as well as the social status of a particular individual. However, more important for communication are optical signals, including head nodding, mouth opening wide, teeth exposed, and striking the ground. For example, mutual cleaning of wool is not only a matter of hygiene, but also serves as a kind of unifying factor that strengthens the relationships of individuals within the group.

How long do monkeys live?

Monkeys typically live for about half a century in conditions wildlife, and slightly longer when kept in captivity. The exact average lifespan of monkeys varies depending on the species and habitat. Along with other members of the primate order, all monkeys undergo developmental stages similar to humans.

This is interesting! A significant proportion of monkeys die before the age of fifty, becoming victims of accidents, attacks by predators or people.

Newborn monkeys are completely dependent on their mothers until the age of five, before entering the juvenile stage of their development. The adolescent stage in monkeys usually begins at the age of eight, and primates reach sexual maturity at sixteen years, when the animal becomes independent and fully grown.

Monkey species

The infraorder Apes are represented by two parvoorders:

• Broad-nosed monkeys (Platyrrhini);
• Narrow-nosed monkeys (Catarrhini).

IN modern classification There are more than four hundred species of monkeys, and among the most unusual and interesting at present, they deservedly include:

• Black Howler (Alouatta caraya) from the family, found in Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil and Argentina. Representatives of the species make peculiar, very loud roaring sounds. Males have black coats, while females have yellow-brown or olive coats. The length of an adult male black howler monkey is about 52-67 cm with a body weight of 6.7 kg, and females are much smaller. The basis of the diet is represented by fruits and foliage;
• Mourning Capuchin (Cebus oliveceus) from the Chain-tailed family, living in virgin forests Venezuela, Brazil and Suriname. Weight Limit the male is 3.0 kg, and the female is about a third less. The coat color is brown or light brown, with a grayish tint. There is a characteristic black-haired triangle in the head area. Flocks of this type practice infanticide in the form of deliberate killing of cubs, and protection from bloodsuckers is carried out by rubbing the fur with poisonous centipedes. The species is omnivorous;
• Crowned, or Blue monkey (Cercorithecus mitis) lives in forest zones ah and bamboo groves on the African continent. The animal has a gray color with a bluish tint and a white stripe on the fur that runs above the eyebrows and resembles a crown. Average length The torso of adult monkeys varies between 50-65 cm, with a body weight of 4.0-6.0 kg. Males are distinguished by well-developed white whiskers and fairly long fangs;
• White-handed gibbon (Нylobates lar) from the Gibbon family, living in the tropical forest areas of China and the Malay Archipelago. Adults usually grow to a length of 55-63 cm with a body weight in the range of 4.0-5.5 kg. The body has fur of black, brown or other colors, but the area of ​​the arms and legs is always a characteristic white color. The basis of nutrition is represented by fruits, leaves and insects;
• Eastern gorilla (Gorilla beringei) is the largest monkey in the world, with a height of about 185-190 cm with an average body weight of 150-160 kg. The massive animal has a large head and broad shoulders, open chest and long legs. The coat color is predominantly black, but the mountain gorilla subspecies is characterized by a bluish tint. On the back of a seasoned male there is a strip of silvery fur. The diet is represented by plants and fungi, less often by invertebrate animals;
• Pale, or white-headed saki (Pithecia pithecia) is a broad-nosed monkey with long and shaggy hair. The size of an adult animal varies between 30-48 cm, with a weight of no more than 1.9-2.0 kg. The male's black coat contrasts markedly with the pink or white color of his face. The adult female has a black-gray or gray-brown coat color and is also pale-faced. The diet is represented by seeds and fruits that grow in Venezuela, Suriname and Brazil;
• Hamadryad, or frilled baboon (Pario hamadryas) from the species Narrow-nosed monkeys and the genus Baboons, inhabits the open spaces of Africa and Asia, including Ethiopia, Somalia and Sudan, as well as Nubia and Yemen. The body length of an adult male varies between 70-100 cm and weighs about 28-30 kg. The difference between the male is the original location hairline with long hair on the shoulders and chest area. Females have a darker coat color;
• Japanese macaque (Masasa fussata listen)) is a species found primarily in northern Honshu, but a small population has been artificially introduced into Texas. The height of an adult male varies between 75-95 cm, with a weight of 12-14 kg. Characteristic species feature is bright red skin, especially noticeable in the area of ​​the animal’s muzzle and on the buttocks, which are completely devoid of hair. The fur of the Japanese macaque is thick, dark gray with a slight brown tint;
• Ordinary (Pan troglodytes) is a species that lives in wooded areas of the tropics and in humid savannas of the African continent. The body of the animal is covered with very coarse and hard fur of a dark brown color. The fur near the mouth and in the tailbone area is partially white, and the feet, muzzle and palms are completely devoid of fur. Common chimpanzee omnivore, but the main part diet represented by plants.

Of particular interest are the pygmy marmosets (Cebuella pygmaea), which are the smallest monkeys in the world and inhabit the forests in the territory South America.

Range, habitats

Monkeys live on almost all continents, including Europe, southern and southeastern Asia, Africa, tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America, and Australia. There are no monkeys in Antarctica.

• chimpanzees inhabit the countries of Central and West Africa: Senegal and Guinea, Angola and Congo, Chad and Cameroon, as well as some others;
• The distribution range of macaques is very wide and extends from Afghanistan to Southeast Asia and Japan. In the territories North Africa and in Gibraltar there are Magot macaques;
• The gorilla's habitats are represented by equatorial forests in Central and Western Africa, and part of the population is found in Cameroon and Gambia, Chad and Mauritania, Guinea and Benin;
• orangutans live exclusively in humid forest areas on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan;
• The habitat of howler monkeys is represented mainly by the countries of southern Mexico, Brazil, Bolivia and Argentina;
• the distribution areas of the monkey are Southeast Asia, the territory of the entire Arabian Peninsula and the African continent, as well as Gibraltar;
• almost all gibbon species live only in the Asian region, and their natural habitat habitat is represented by forest areas of Malaysia and India, humid tropical thickets in Burma, Cambodia and Thailand, Vietnam and China;
• hamadryas (baboons) have become widespread throughout almost the entire territory African countries, are the only primates that inhabit the northeastern part of the continent, including Sudan and Egypt, and are also found on the Arabian Peninsula;
• The distribution range of capuchins is represented by vast areas of tropical humid forest zones, ranging from Honduras to the territories of Venezuela and southern Brazil;
• baboons are very widespread in the territories of East and Central Africa, including Kenya and Uganda, Ethiopia and Sudan, Congo and Angola;
• Saki monkeys are typical inhabitants of South America and are also often found in Colombia, Venezuela and Chile.

Tamarins prefer the warmest regions of Central America, Costa Rica and South America, found in almost all areas of the Amazon lowland, and some species inhabit Bolivia and Brazil.

Monkey diet

Monkeys are predominantly herbivorous four-armed mammals that prefer to eat fruits, leaves and flowers, as well as roots. different plants. Many known species monkeys, for a change, are quite capable of supplementing their plant based diet small vertebrates and insects. Some monkeys have evolved to eat special foods.

Marmosets very readily eat the gum that flows from damaged tree trunks. Such monkeys easily gnaw out holes in tree bark using incisors, after which the sweet plant juice is licked off with their tongue. The red-backed saki loves hard fruit seeds, and to eat them, it uses an interdental gap that functions like a regular nutcracker.

Howler monkeys and howler monkeys readily feed on very hard and low-nutritive tree foliage. In such monkeys, the stomach is divided into several parts by special partitions, which is somewhat reminiscent of the digestive system of ruminants.

This is interesting! A significant part of the Old World species have so-called cheek pouches, inside which they can easily fit a large number of stern.

Thanks to this structural feature, the path of food passage increases, and the food moves sufficiently for a long time By digestive system, which allows the foliage to be completely and well digested. In the double or triple stomachs of all leaf-eating monkeys there are bacteria and protozoa that are responsible for the process of active breakdown of cellulose.

Among the 133 species of monkeys, you can find mandrills weighing more than 30 kg and 80 cm tall, and pygmy marmoset, which can fit in the palm of a person and weighs only 125 g. Gibbons stand apart - small apes, whose height does not exceed one meter and whose weight is 11 kg, since their classification is still being discussed by scientists. Monkeys are divided into two groups: New World monkeys, or broad-nosed monkeys, and Old World monkeys, known as narrow-nosed monkeys. The first group includes marmosets and capuchins that live in Central and South America. Short-nosed monkeys inhabit warm regions of Asia and Africa. They have well-developed calluses and a prehensile tail.
FOOD. Monkeys are primarily herbivores. They feed on fruits, leaves, flowers and roots of plants. Many species supplement their diet with insects and small vertebrates for variety. Some monkeys have adapted to special foods.
Marmosets readily eat gum that flows from damaged tree trunks. They gnaw holes in the tree bark with their incisors and lick the sweet juice. Red-backed sakami love hard fruit seeds. These monkeys have a gap between their teeth that acts like tongs for cracking nuts. Howler monkeys and howler monkeys feed on the hard, low-nutrient foliage of trees.

And the stomach is divided into several parts by partitions, like in ruminants. This increases the path of food through the digestive system, and therefore the leaves have time to be digested in the stomach. In the double or triple stomach of all leaf-eating monkeys, bacteria and protozoa can be found that break down cellulose. Most Old World monkeys have cheek pouches that can hold large amounts of food.
REPRODUCTION. Capuchins and howler monkeys form herds with a clear hierarchical structure. Pregnancy in monkeys lasts from 145 days in marmosets to 177 days in baboons. Each species of monkey produces one baby. The exception is marmosets and tamarins, whose females regularly give birth to twins. Baby monkeys hold onto the fur on their mother's chest. During the first weeks, the female often holds the babies with her hand and feeds them as they go. Monkeys differ from other mammals in that females are often helped by all members of the herd in raising their young. The female's baby, who is on the top step of the hierarchical ladder, is willingly taken care of by other females, while the mother at this time goes in search of food. Scientists call such nannies “aunts.” In marmosets, the father takes on most of the care of the offspring. He carries the baby on his back, cleans its fur, and gives it to the female only during feeding.

L are caught and sold as pets, and large ones are sent to laboratories research institutes and industrial concerns.
The greatest danger to monkeys and other wild animals comes from habitat destruction. In China, due to deforestation, the number of langurs is declining. It wasn't until 1975 that the Chinese government banned langur hunting and established langur sanctuaries.
THE THREAT THAT COMES FROM HUMAN. Most monkey species suffer from various natural enemies. Besides them, the enemy of monkeys is man. In some countries, people still willingly eat monkey meat, considering it a delicacy; in others, they hunt them for their fur.
Farmers often kill monkeys for destroying their crops. The trade in exotic animals poses a major threat to monkeys.

Zoologists divide monkeys into two main groups. The first includes primates inhabiting South and Central America, the second - those living in Africa and Asia. Each species has characteristics by which they can be distinguished. Tails, with which monkeys grab tree branches, and wide noses are the main features. Asian and African primates often do not have a tail, and if they have one, they act as a fifth limb. The two groups contain 160 populations of different monkeys.

The group is large and diverse. Represented by capuchins, monkeys, tamarins, night monkeys, owl monkeys, howler monkeys, woolly monkeys, and spider monkeys.

Monkeys

Funny monkeys. These primates belong to the Monkey-like family. They are distinguished by their small body size, thick, soft hair, and funny character. They come in different shades of color: from olive to blue and black. The painted monkey appears as such because of its muzzle with a mustache above upper lip, beard and sideburns. The tails are twice the size of the body. Small calluses are located on the seat areas.

The habitat of these primates is the jungle and rainforests. Plant and animal foods are included in daily diet. They feed on succulent grass, fresh fruit, trees, insects, small vertebrates. They are used to fleeing from ill-wishers. The most great danger- people who catch monkeys for zoos and sale. To tame animals, you need to take only babies, and not adults: they are better trained.

Asian and African primates

Asia and Africa are inhabited by about 135 species of different monkeys. The transfer will require a lot of effort and time. Scientists decided to combine them into groups:

• baboons,
• colobus,
• macaques,
• mandrills.

Gorillas

These are the largest representatives of great apes. Live in African equatorial forests. Scientists managed to study and describe their habitat. Only the aborigines knew that primates were their neighbors. But they avoided meeting with them. There were legends about the formidable and unfriendly nature of gorillas.

The weight of a male is up to 200 kg, a female is up to 140 kg. The body resembles a square, the height sometimes exceeds 2 m. The skin and fur are black, but older males have gray hairs. They lead a daily lifestyle and their diet includes plant foods. They feed on stems and leaves, rarely on banana fruits.

Gorillas are endowed with a phlegmatic and calm character. There is no need to attach much importance to their terrifying grimaces. Females mate exclusively with pack leaders. The gestation period extends to 8.5 months. After birth, the cubs move for a long time, riding on the backs of their mothers, holding on to the fur. Life expectancy is from 30 to 35 years. In rare cases, primates live up to 50 years.

Baboons

These monkeys are often called yellow baboons. Body length (including tail) can reach 112 cm. Wool yellow color. They feed on bird eggs, fruits, lizards, lush grass, and insects. Primates are characterized by a herd lifestyle, so they are rarely found alone.

The herd is subordinate to adult males. There is a clearly defined hierarchy. If there is danger nearby, individuals always come to the aid of each other. Males are friends with each other. Adult female cubs are forced to remain in the herd, males leave it. There are cases when ungulates join flocks of yellow baboons. They are endowed with a keen eye and good eyesight, due to which they warn about an impending threat.

Keeping at home

Only gibbons, marmosets, capuchins and tamarins are adapted to being kept at home. They are provided with a spacious cage and a proper nutrition system is built. Hitting an animal or shouting at it is strictly prohibited, as it will become withdrawn. If there is a child in the family who asks for pet monkey, you can give him an interactive monkey Fingerlings.

Irresponsible attitude of a person towards environment will lead to the fact that funny monkeys will be at the stage of extinction. Scientists are concerned about the fact that some species of primates (such as the macaque) are small in number. The extermination of red-butted drills, which have already been listed in the Red Book, is happening catastrophically quickly. Over time, this will lead to these animals disappearing from our planet forever.

Monkey species

Monkey are always at the center of everything funny. Monkey They left their mark everywhere, from fables to the TV series "Friends". The question is, why do we scratch our heads when thinking and reflecting on something? Monkey or monkeys - that’s who all this is attributed to, since people evolved from them.

There are two main groups into which monkey species are classified. These are New World primates and Old World primates. New World primates include species from South and Central America, while Old World primates include species from Asia and Africa. Monkey from the New World have tails with which they can hold objects. On the other hand, Old World monkeys sometimes don't have tails, and even if they do, they can't do much with them. Old World primates, unlike New World primates, have flexible thumb. Typically, the primate group includes mammals from the tiny shrew to the gorilla. These two groups of primates fall under the Simian group. Almost all species of monkeys are included in this group.

New World primates

New World primates include tamarins, capuchins, squirrel monkeys (56 species), night monkeys, owl monkeys, douroucoulis (8 species), Titi, Sakis and Uakaris (41 species), howler monkeys, spider monkeys and woolly monkeys (24 species).

Monkeys: They live in the upper layer of trees and are very active. Monkeys feed on insects, fruits and leaves. Long lower incisors allow monkeys to chew tree trunks, branches and extract chewing substances.

Squirrel monkeys: these monkeys mainly live in Central and South America, in the lower level of forests. Squirrel monkeys They have short and dense hair. Their backs and limbs are yellow-orange in color, and their shoulders are olive. These species have a black and white face and their heads are covered with fur on top.

Howler monkeys: the most great monkeys Among the New World monkeys, they have round, widely spaced nostrils and short snouts. They can be called the laziest monkeys because they rarely leave their homes.

Tamarins: These monkeys live in tropical rain forests. They are primarily omnivores, and can be differentiated as their body color usually ranges from shades of black, brown and white. Their lower canines are longer than their incisors.

Old World Primates

This subgroup includes a whopping 135 species of monkeys. Broader categories of these are baboons, colobus monkeys, spiny monkeys, macaques, mandrills and mangabeys. There is another category - the great ape, which is not a monkey, but, nevertheless, belongs to the monkeys. This gibbons or "lesser apes", which includes 13 species, and great apes - orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo (pygmy chimpanzee) and humans.

Gibbons: these monkeys, the smallest of the monkeys, have mastered the art of brachiation, that is, they can move from branch to branch. Among tree-dwelling and non-flying mammals, they are the fastest and most flexible. Their fur can range in color from black and brown to white. They live in tropical and subtropical wet forests in northeast India, Indonesia, China and the islands of Java, Sumatra and Borneo.

Mandrills: mandrills, according to the Oxford Dictionary in English, means ape man. They are closer to baboons, but more than baboons, they are close to the Drill monkey species. Their fur is olive in color and they have colorful faces and rumps. They are largest species monkeys in the world.

Baboons. They have long dog-like snouts and close-set eyes. Their entire body, except for the muzzle, is covered with thick fur. Their jaws are heavy and powerful. They are primarily terrestrial dwellers, primarily found in open savannas, forests and hills throughout Africa. They are mostly vegetarians, however, they can also eat insects. Thus, they can also be called omnivores.

In addition to the above-mentioned species, there are many more species of monkeys around the world. In fact, there are many more of these funny and intelligent mammals than we realize. There is no doubt that this is one of the most interesting mammals on the ground.

Capuchins (Cebus spp.)

Refer to To the broad-nosed monkeys. They live in a fairly large area of ​​South America, from Honduras to southern Brazil.
Body length 32-57 cm, tail about the same length, grasping. The sizes of males and females are approximately the same. Powerful fangs both males and females.
Mostly dark, with different colors different types arrangement of light marks. They feed on fruits, berries, young shoots, insects, bird eggs, and small vertebrates. They are well trained and often “play” in feature films.

Patas, red monkey (Erythrocebus patas)

They belong to the Broad-nosed monkeys, or monkeys of the New World, that is, Central and South America. They live in Brazil, Peru, Panama, Colombia.

Small monkeys, 25-35 cm long, tail longer than body. The weight of an adult male is 0.5-1.2 kg,

Green monkey (vervet, grivet) (Chlorocebus spp.)

Widely distributed in African countries from the southern border of the Sahara to the south of the continent.

Small monkeys, 32-52 cm long, the tail is longer than the body (up to 1 meter). The weight of an adult male is 5 kg, females 3-3.5 kg. The face is dark, the fur is olive and greenish.

Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)

They live in Africa - in Ethiopia, Zaire, Angola and further south.

Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona)

They live in Africa - in Ghana, Cameroon.

Small monkeys, body length 32-52 cm, tail longer than the body. The weight of an adult male is 4.5 kg, females 3-3.5 kg. They live in evergreen, moist mangrove (riverine) forests.

Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas)

They live in Africa - Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan. They feed mainly on plant foods, rarely on insects. In search of food, they travel many kilometers during the day. In the evening they return to the “sleeping rocks” for the night.

Large monkeys, body length 85 cm, tail slightly smaller. The facial part of the head is characteristically elongated, for which baboons were called “dog-headed”.

The weight of an adult male is 20 kg or more, the weight of an adult female is 9-16 kg, sexual dimorphism in body size and color is strongly pronounced.

The coat of males is ash-gray; mature males grow a lush silvery mantle on the head, shoulders and back; females are brownish-gray, without a mantle. Tail with a tassel at the end. The face is light. Males have large fangs.

Social structure is characterized by 4 levels of organization. The largest level of organization is the herd, which is a collection of animals on sleeping rocks. The number of individuals in a herd can vary from 300 to 1000 animals. IN daytime herds are divided into “bands” and clans, in turn consisting of single-male units or harems. Hamadryas baboons are characterized by patrilocality and a pronounced hierarchical relationship. Up to 40 sound signals are used for communication, as well as expressive looks, facial grimaces and gestures.

Anubis baboon (Papio anubis)

They live over a vast area of ​​Africa on both sides of the equator, much more widely than hamadryas. The largest of the Lower Apes: body length (without tail) reaches 1 meter. Tail 50-80 cm, with a tassel. The weight of an adult male is up to 35 kg, females are much smaller, 18-22 kg. The fur is dark brown, with a greenish tint. The mantle of males is dark, or may not be there at all. The face is dark.

Males have clearly visible large fangs, which are comparable to the fangs of a leopard.

Omnivores, in addition to plant foods, catch not only insects and small animals, but also hares, baby gazelles and even green monkeys.

Macaque macaque (Macaca sylvanus)

They live in northern Africa, and there is also a colony in Gibraltar. Magots are the only species of monkey found in Europe and the only species of macaque found in Africa.

Quite large monkeys. Body length 75 cm, no tail. The weight of an adult male is 6-8.5 kg, females 5-6 kg. The coat is reddish-olive, beige, sand-colored. They live in cedar, oak and mixed forests. They feed on plant foods and include insects and bird eggs in their diet. The food is seasonal - in winter, almost the entire diet consists of pine needles and cedar cones.

Pig-tailed macaque, or lapunder (Macaca nemestrina)

They live in Asia - in Indonesia, Sumatra, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Kalimantan, and the Philippines.

Monkey large sizes. The body length is more than 65 cm, the tail is short, thin, sometimes curved with a hook - hence the name. The weight of an adult male is 6-15 kg, females 5-11 kg. The coat is light brown or gray, blue eyelids, light hair around the face. The length of the male's fang is about 12 mm.

They live in forests, feed on leaves, young shoots, plant buds, mushrooms, cereals, fruits, vegetables, insects and small animals. Produce up to 30 different sound signals.

Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)

Cynomolgus macaque or crabeater (Macaca fascicularis)

They live throughout almost all of Asia: Afghanistan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos. According to some reports, rhesus macaques are the second most common species of primate, after humans. Rhesus macaques live in close proximity to humans, willingly occupying territory developed by humans, including the outskirts of cities and villages.

Monkeys are medium-sized, body length 40-60 cm, short tail, about half the length of the body, quite fluffy.

The weight of an adult male is 6-14 kg, females 4-10 kg. The coat is gray with a reddish or yellowish tint, red on the back half of the body. The face is light. The length of the fang in the male is about 9 mm, in the female it is 6 mm. They feed mainly on plant foods - leaves, young shoots, cereals, fruits, vegetables; in their habitats, the rhesus diet includes about 92 species of plants. They readily eat worms and insects, and sometimes small animals. They are not afraid of water, they can swim.

They form quite large groups and are characterized by pronounced matrilocality, according to which female cubs remain in natal groups, and males usually leave them at puberty.

There is seasonality in breeding, with peak mating season and birth season varying depending on the area. After pregnancy with average duration In 166 days, one calf is born, the duration of milk feeding of which is at least 8-10 months.

Up to 40% of monkey research worldwide is conducted on rhesus monkeys.

Black or Celebes macaque (Macaca maura)

They live throughout almost all of Asia: Afghanistan, China, Vietnam, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Laos. According to some reports, rhesus macaques are the second most common species of primate, after humans. Rhesus macaques live in close proximity to humans, willingly occupying territory developed by humans, including the outskirts of cities and villages.

Monkeys are medium-sized, body length 40-60 cm, short tail, about half the length of the body, quite fluffy.

The weight of an adult male is 6-14 kg, females 4-10 kg. The coat is gray with a reddish or yellowish tint, red on the back half of the body. The face is light. The length of the fang in the male is about 9 mm, in the female it is 6 mm. They feed mainly on plant foods - leaves, young shoots, cereals, fruits, vegetables; in their habitats, the rhesus diet includes about 92 species of plants. They readily eat worms and insects, and sometimes small animals. They are not afraid of water, they can swim.

They form quite large groups and are characterized by pronounced matrilocality, according to which female cubs remain in natal groups, and males usually leave them at puberty.

There is seasonality in breeding, with peak mating season and birth season varying depending on the area. After a pregnancy with an average duration of 166 days, one calf is born, the duration of milk feeding of which is at least 8-10 months.