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What do you need to know when shopping at the grocery store? How to buy a ready-made store.

Documents required for purchasing an apartment play a primary role in the transaction and can be different depending on the actual situation and the status of the seller.

The basic list of documents for registering a purchased apartment is established by Federal Law No. 122 of July 21, 1997. "ABOUT state registration rights to real estate..." Let's first look at what information is required in the general case.

Mandatory documents

First, you will need a title document, which the seller must have. The buyer should know that the seller can be the owner of the apartment both on the basis of paid transactions (purchase and sale), and on the basis of gratuitous (in simplified terms, “free”) - a will, a gift. Therefore, the title documents may be different: a written purchase and sale agreement between the seller of the apartment and the previous owner, a gift agreement, papers on the right of inheritance, etc.

To complete the purchase of a home, you also need a document that would confirm the seller’s ownership of the apartment. It is a certificate of ownership, which contains the following information: the name of the registration authority, information about the seller, the property itself and possible encumbrances on it.

What additional documents does the buyer need to study?

If you are buying an apartment, in addition to the listed documents, you must obtain the following information:

Maximum full information about the owner of the apartment, the verification of which begins with the examination of documents proving his identity and his authority to the apartment. First of all, you need to verify their authenticity. In order to verify the identity of the owner, experts also recommend obtaining a certificate stating that he is not on a drug or psychiatric register.
Please note the following: even being a drug addict or alcohol abuser, the seller of an apartment can be legally competent - that is, able to control his actions. The legal capacity of a citizen is limited or lost only by a court decision, and a guardian or trustee is appointed over such a person. Information about a citizen’s incapacity or limited legal capacity is also available in specialized medical institutions at his place of residence.
Why is this information so important? The fact is that it will be extremely difficult for a buyer who has entered into a transaction for the sale of an apartment with an incompetent person: this transaction is considered invalid, even if his guardian acted on behalf of the incapacitated person. According to paragraph 2 of Art. 37 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, a guardian can buy, sell, exchange, or lease the property of the ward only after the preliminary approval of these transactions by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities.
List of persons registered in the living space. Remember that before selling you need to make sure that they are registered - otherwise these citizens will retain the right to reside in the apartment.
Information about the age of the apartment owner. Why is this necessary? An apartment owned by a child (under 18 years of age) can only be sold with the consent of his legal representatives. In their capacity are his parents, adoptive parents, guardians (for young children under 14 years old) and trustees (for a child 14-16 years old). In addition to the consent of legal representatives, the sale of a child’s apartment also requires prior permission from the guardianship and trusteeship authorities. Such bodies take into account, first of all, the interests of the minor owner, and therefore, after the sale of his apartment, the child should receive housing of equal value and comfort. If the minor is not the owner of the apartment being sold, but is simply registered in it, then guardianship consent for the transaction will not be required, however, after discharge, the child must be provided with another place of registration.
A certificate from the tax authorities confirming that there is no debt to pay property tax for individuals (in this case, the tax on the apartment being purchased).
A certificate from the management company confirming that there are no arrears in payment for utilities.
An extract from the Unified State Register of Rights to Real Estate and transactions with it - in order to verify the legal purity of the purchased apartment. The certificate contains all the information about the owner and the grounds for transferring ownership rights to him, as well as about the encumbrances on the apartment - mortgage, pledge, arrest by court decision. Ideally, such a certificate should be taken one day before the transaction for the purchase and sale of an apartment is completed.
It is very important to study the registration certificate for the apartment, as well as find out about possible redevelopments: they must be agreed upon with the BTI. Otherwise (if the seller’s “redevelopment” actions are illegal), all responsibility for them will fall on the new owner.

What documents are needed to purchase an apartment in joint ownership?

If the apartment being sold is the common property of the spouses, and the seller is one of them, a written consent to the transaction of the second spouse or a power of attorney from him, certified by a notary, will also be required.

It does not matter who owns the apartment, since, according to the law, all property acquired during marriage is joint. The exception is cases when spouses have entered into a marriage contract and determined other conditions regarding jointly acquired property.

If the spouses have minor children, then when selling an apartment it is necessary to obtain the consent of the guardianship authority - otherwise the transaction may be declared invalid. A similar rule applies to incapacitated family members.

We complete the purchase of an apartment by completing the necessary documents in Rosreestr

Having collected a package of necessary documents, the seller and buyer must register the apartment at the territorial department of Rosreestr at its location, where the buyer will need to fill out another document - a state-issued application. It contains information about the parties to the purchase and sale transaction, about the previous owners of the apartment, as well as about persons who have the right to use the living space. The grounds for registering ownership of the apartment and information about the power of attorney (if the applicant is acting on behalf of another person) are also indicated here.

A copy of the purchase and sale agreement must also be attached to the application. The applicant is given a receipt indicating that documents have been received from him, and the certificate of ownership will be ready no later than 30 calendar days after submitting the application. The state fee for registering an apartment is usually paid by the seller, but this is not an unambiguous rule: you can agree on which party to the transaction will bear the costs of its registration. Having received a certificate of ownership of the apartment, the buyer can legally own his property.

Do we do it ourselves or with the help of specialists?

Usually, completing documents on your own when buying an apartment takes a lot of time and requires a lot of patience. Therefore, some buyers prefer to use the services of specialists - qualified lawyers, realtors - to complete such transactions. If we talk about the price of the issue, the cost of the services of such intermediaries is usually 2-3% of the transaction amount.

However, keep in mind that even specialists cannot always guarantee 100% reliability of the transaction and the “cloudlessness” of your further ownership of the newly purchased apartment - after all, the law provides the right to challenge any transaction to anyone who believes that their rights have been violated. However, such incidents are practically impossible if realtors do their work carefully and thoroughly check the apartment for possible obstacles to purchase. That is why, if you entrust the transaction to other people, you should contact only reputable companies and agencies.

And finally, we advise you to listen to one more recommendation from experts: although notarization of the purchase and sale agreement is not mandatory, it will become an additional guarantee of the honest intentions of both the seller and the buyer. And if there is the slightest doubt about the reliability of information about the purchased living space, it is highly advisable to still seek help from specialists: saving on the help of professionals for the buyer can be fraught with very serious losses.

01Feb

Hello! In this article we will talk about how to buy an apartment correctly.

Today you will learn:

How does primary housing differ from secondary housing?
How to choose an apartment and estimate its cost;
What are the different ways to buy an apartment?
How to buy an apartment with a mortgage or maternal capital;
How to check an apartment before buying;
How to prepare all the documents yourself and when you need to seek help from a realtor.

Owning an apartment is the dream of many. This is freedom, and comfort, and... The real estate market never stands still; there is always supply, as well as demand. But the wider the river, the more stones there are at its bottom. Deception, fraud, mistakes due to carelessness - all this can turn the holiday of acquisition into a major failure.

You should approach the purchase of an apartment with all responsibility, because there is a lot of money and long-term investments at stake.

What you need to know when choosing housing

Before you start choosing a living space, make a list of the minimum characteristics that will be put forward as requirements for “candidates”.

For example, these could be:

Low noise level;
Proximity to public transport stops or metro stations;
Large insulated balcony or windows on the south side;
Availability of equipped parking or children's playground.

Don't be afraid to prioritize. If the most important thing for you is fresh air and proximity to a park, but you receive an offer for a luxurious renovated apartment, but next to an industrial area, it is better to continue looking for other options.

The real estate market is wide even in small towns, and it is not impossible to new flat met several parameters that are important to you.

Start your journey to a new living space with our step-by-step instructions:

Determine the required characteristics of the apartment(dimensions, location). In addition, it is worth narrowing your search in advance by deciding whether you will look for an apartment on the primary or secondary market, and if on the secondary market, then what kind of renovation and furniture it should have. Having set your requirements, do not deviate from them, tempted by tempting offers from cunning sellers who will try to sell something that is not what you really need.
Determine the amount, which you are willing to spend on buying an apartment. Let this amount be a little less than what you actually have in your pocket, because in addition to the main expenses, additional expenses may arise (for example, repairs or the purchase of furniture). You should not consider offers starting with the cheapest options. As a rule, cheap apartments have their own skeletons hidden in closets. Finding a good deal without a catch is, of course, possible, but the chances are comparable to winning the lottery.
Choose the most suitable source of funding. Pay immediately in cash, take out a mortgage or installments – we’ll talk more about these options below.
Decide how you will look for housing: do everything yourself or use the services of a realtor or intermediary. For an independent search, there are also two options: place your own advertisement for the purchase of an apartment, or look for advertisements for sale.
Explore several priority options. It is always better to have a choice, therefore, even if you liked the first apartment and satisfied it in all respects, then do not rush to conclude an agreement, but look at a few more. Perhaps you will remain unconvinced and return to the first option, but you will also be confident that this proposal was truly the best. During the inspection, pay attention to:

Location area (public transport, shops, schools);
Condition of the house (garbage chute, elevator, entrance, yard, parking lot);
Condition of the living space (walls, floor and ceiling, plumbing, wiring, windows and balcony, temperature, lighting and sound insulation);
Neighbours.

Make a deal. Check whether you and the seller have all the necessary papers. Conclude and submit all documents to the registering state authority. And finally, sign the deed of transferring the apartment into ownership of the buyer.

As a guarantee that both parties will complete the transaction, the buyer can transfer a deposit to the seller (about 5% of the transaction amount). It is not returned to the buyer if he decides to refuse the transaction. If the seller refuses, he returns the deposit in double amount.

All details about the deposit are described in special agreement, which is compiled in two copies. The fact of transfer of the deposit is confirmed by a receipt - the seller leaves it to the buyer.

Primary or secondary housing

The entire real estate market can be divided into two main groups:

Primary housing (new buildings) are apartments in newly built buildings that belong to the developer and have not yet been owned by individuals. Such living space does not yet have its own history and its future appearance largely depends on the buyer;
Secondary – owned individual(seller).

Primary housing costs noticeably less, but there are a number of possible risks associated with it:

Disputed rights to land (if construction began on land with a disputed status, even ready house can be demolished or transferred to third parties, leaving the shareholders with nothing);
Suspension or freezing of construction;
Savings on materials (for example, the use of cheap wiring, pipes, heating systems), which will become noticeable only after the house is put into operation;
Re-sale of one residential space.

Primary housing	Secondary housing
Owner - developer or contractor	Owned by an individual (or persons)
The living space is in its original condition	Previous owners may have broken or damaged something
Possible Negative consequences savings for the developer (poor sound insulation, poor heating in winter), which cannot be immediately verified	The shortcomings of the structure have already been identified, but they are often kept silent
Requires cosmetic repairs. Setup is expensive	Repairs are cheaper and may not be needed at all.
Age - new apartments	The house can be completely new, or it can be a hundred years old.

No problems with documents or registration of former residents	Possible problems with documents, fraud. Litigation regarding non-coordination of the sale of real estate with the persons registered in it is widespread
No major repairs or modernization required	Forced major repairs may be required (if the building is not new)
The process of registering rights to own real estate is more complicated and longer	Registration of owner's rights is faster, you can register immediately
The developer may freeze construction	To move in, there is no need to wait a long time for the building to be put into operation.

How much does it cost to buy an apartment

Only real estate sellers in your city can answer this question. In the Russian Federation, the price of one square meter varies greatly depending on the region.

According to regional real estate agencies, it can be calculated that in 2017 average cost per square meter of apartment in Russian cities ranges from 25,000 to 220,000 rubles. From small towns to the capital.

When planning a budget for the purchase of living space, do not forget to include possible additional expenses:

Realtor commission (up to 3%);
Re-registration of documents;
Repair of premises;
Purchase of furniture and other household goods.

How to estimate the cost of an apartment and not overpay

To estimate the cost of an apartment, you can seek help from realtors or experienced intermediaries.

Little trick : introducing yourself as a seller, call several real estate agencies and describe the parameters of the apartment you are interested in. Experts will give their estimated value. All you have to do is compare the prices received with the available offers and conclude whether the price is too high or is within acceptable limits.

To evaluate the offer, you need to understand what the cost of the apartment depends on.

We list the main parameters:

Number of floors of the building and the floor on which the living space is located;
Age of the building, its features (courtyard, basement);
Adjacent territory;
The area and its infrastructure;
Apartment layout;
Number of rooms;
Total footage of residential and non-residential premises;
The presence and condition of a balcony or loggia;
Heating;
Separate or shared bathroom;
Average amount of utility bills.

It is enough to compare several offers with similar parameters to conclude whether the price is too high or is within reasonable limits.

Who to buy an apartment from

In the case of purchasing housing, not only the methods of financing and payment may differ, but also the persons or companies acting as the seller may be completely different. Let's consider from whom, and according to what schemes apartments are most often purchased today.

Buying an apartment from a developer

This method can result in significant risks. You can reduce them to a minimum if you carefully check all documents and information about the developer. He must have a positive reputation and as many successfully completed projects as possible. Among the papers, special attention should be paid to the construction permit for connecting the house to communications. We'll talk more about buying an apartment in a new building below.

Purchasing real estate from a contractor in a new building

Apartments become the property of a contractor (an enterprise that takes part in the construction of a house or the supply of materials) as payment for services when the developer does not have the opportunity to pay in any other way. While construction is underway, the apartments are still the property of the developer, and they are transferred to the contractor after all work is completed.

Contractors only accept cash payments for a limited time.

Contractors sell the apartments obtained in this way at market value or with noticeable discounts (up to 20%), which allows them to quickly sell the living space and receive their payment for the work, but without the “gain”. In practice, the quick sale of apartments is more important for the developer than the markup.

For the buyer, this method is less risky than buying from a developer; after a transaction with the contractor, the apartment immediately becomes the property of the new owner. The transaction is formalized using an agreement for the assignment of the right to claim real estate.

Purchasing housing from the owner, without intermediaries

This popular option involves concluding a purchase and sale agreement without the participation of a realtor or other persons in the transaction. Two persons agree and pay between themselves: the seller and the buyer.

The seller can be:

Sole owner;
Several people (shared ownership);
Spouses (when an apartment is purchased during marriage, it becomes joint property).

With such a scheme, it is very important to carefully check the apartment, and after concluding the contract, submit all papers for registration to government agencies (MFC).

If possible, make copies of all documents.

Always ask the owner:

How did he become the owner of the apartment?
Does the apartment have other owners?
How many people are registered in the apartment?
Have all debts (utilities) been paid off?

Buying property directly from the owner includes a small bonus in the form of the opportunity to bargain. Most sellers deliberately offer a slightly inflated price, hoping that if the buyer is not satisfied with something, a small discount will fix everything.

Bargain only in person, do not do this over the phone.

First of all, convince the seller that you like the apartment and are ready to buy it, listing its advantages, then gradually move on to noticeable disadvantages. Ask for a price slightly lower than what you actually expect, but don’t go too far, and most likely you will be able to come to a compromise that will allow you to save tens of thousands of rubles on repairs or the purchase of furniture.

The preparation of documents for the purchase of an apartment must be carried out by the seller, the buyer pays a state fee (2000 rubles). It is advisable for the seller to also take part in the formation of the purchase and sale agreement.

Even if you decide to complete the transaction yourself, it is recommended that you show the purchase and sale agreement to an independent lawyer before signing.

Where can I complete a purchase and sale transaction?

Ownership of an apartment is formalized by submitting documents to the MFC or the Rosreestr department.

The following are submitted to the registration department:

Passports of the seller and buyer;
Contract of sale;
Application for state registration of transfer of ownership of an apartment (a sample is available on the Rosreestr website);
Cadastral passport (if not previously surrendered);
Receipt for payment of state duty;
Consent to the sale of real estate from the seller’s spouse (notarized);
Consent of parents or guardianship if the seller is a minor.

State registration lasts no more than three months, after which the buyer receives the legal status of home owner.

When should you use a realtor?

A trusted person can search for an apartment. Usually, if the future owner of the property cannot or does not want to deal with the entire process on his own, a realtor is hired. He will help you choose options and tell you how to properly arrange the purchase and sale of an apartment.

If you are on a limited budget and want to stay within minimum budget, carefully consider the option of choosing an apartment yourself. If the risks are not high, this method will significantly help you save money.

Who are the intermediaries?

People often refer to realtors who work unofficially as intermediaries.

Sometimes these are novice realtors, thus gaining a client base and gaining the necessary experience. Intermediaries take a smaller percentage, but do not provide guarantees and are not responsible for the work.

In addition, they do not undertake to solve problems that arise (for example, the seller delays in providing documents) when realtors control the transaction at all stages.

How to buy an apartment without being scammed. How to choose a realtor

If you decide to use the help of a realtor, choose him carefully. The larger the agency, the more reliable it is, the larger their base, but at the same time the prices for their services increase proportionally.

Positive indicators are the company’s membership in the guild of realtors and the status of a special partner of the mortgage bank.

Decent agency:

Takes his work seriously;
Gives certain guarantees and states them in the contract;
Has been on the market for a long time;
Has the necessary technical equipment (computers in the office);
It has a full staff of trained employees, and is ready to provide another realtor if the first one does not suit you;
Maintains order in the office.

From a legal point of view, it is safer if the contract indicates the name of the organization, and not just the name of a specific realtor.

A realtor can take an advance from the client, but its size must be reasonable (no more than 100,000 rubles). Be sure to document the receipt of an advance by the agent and note in the contract that the advance is included in the total amount of the realtor’s remuneration. Be sure to indicate the amount itself in the contract, if possible as a fixed amount, and not as a percentage.

The realtor undertakes to provide at least three options that meet the client’s initial (preferably recorded in writing) requirements;
If the client refuses three options, he is entitled to a refund of part of the advance.

Carefully review the contract with the realtor. It is normal if it contains the following points:

The buyer provides the realtor with the requirements for the apartment and their changes in writing;
Upon completion of the work, the client must sign;
It is permissible to involve third parties - these are professionals who will help the realtor - lawyers, attorneys;
The realtor's professional liability is insured.

The following points should be of concern; it is better to ask to remove them from the contract:

The buyer is prohibited from communicating with the seller or his representatives;
The penalty for unilateral termination of the contract exceeds 6% of the cost of the apartment.

How to check an apartment before buying

Before drawing up a purchase and sale agreement, you must carefully check your future living space. Deception and omissions can await the buyer everywhere: from swollen laminate flooring under the bed to leaking water pipes. And even more so, you won’t end up with problems if the deception is hidden in the papers: for example, there are still registered tenants in the apartment.

Do not take the word of either sellers or realtors - always ask for documentary evidence.

Before you buy an apartment on the secondary market, necessary:

Confirm the seller's ownership of the apartment and request a certificate of the method of obtaining this right (purchase agreement, certificate of inheritance);
If the sale is carried out by a trusted person, it is necessary to carefully check the authenticity and validity of the power of attorney. Meet with the owner at least once and find out whether he agrees with the sale of his property, whether he himself issued a power of attorney;
Find out how many owners the apartment has changed and how often it has been resold (frequent changes of owners in a short time are not a good sign, most likely there is something wrong with this apartment) - the seller must order an extract from the Unified State Register from the Federal Registration Service or the MFC and provide it to the buyer;
Request a certificate stating that no one is registered in the apartment (extract from the house register);
To check whether the apartment is listed in the will of one of the owners, whether it has the status of being seized or mortgaged, and whether there are other encumbrances on the apartment (for example, whether it is the subject of a legal dispute) - this can be done on the Rosreestr website, using electronic statement from the Unified State Register;
Check the area and layout of the apartment (cadastral passport with floor plan of the building, explication);
Check the legality of redevelopment and re-equipment (replacement of gas equipment) - to do this, check the furnishings of the apartment with the technical plan;
Make sure that the apartment has no debts to the management company or the owners’ association;
If you previously purchased an apartment through participation in a housing cooperative, then a certificate of full payment of the share is required;
Check whether the living space is for rent, since such an apartment cannot be sold until the end of the lease agreement;
If the owner is married, it is worth obtaining and notarizing the spouse’s consent to the sale of property, which may be in the status of jointly acquired property;
Obtain permission to sell from the owner's parents or guardians if he has not reached the age of majority.

If you purchase a share of the property (only one owner out of several is selling his part of the apartment), then be sure to receive a waiver document from all other owners confirming that they are not interested in a priority purchase.

Primary housing also needs to be carefully checked before purchasing, we will talk about this below.

Buying an apartment in a building under construction

In most cases, buying an apartment in a building that is just under construction will cost much less than other options. An agreement based on the principle of equity participation helps to achieve tangible savings. The buyer invests in construction, and upon completion becomes the owner.

But there are high risks in such a transaction. An unscrupulous developer can freeze construction, declare himself bankrupt, get sued for illegal construction, or even abscond with the shareholders’ money.

In the legislation of the Russian Federation, issues are described in Federal law No. 214. However, it only applies if the buyer has a formal share participation agreement. Avoid relations with a developer who refuses to enter into an agreement or offers instead another agreement not approved by law.

A participant in shared construction has the right (and he is obliged to do this for his own safety) to check the following documents:

Constituent documents of the developer company (their details must match the details on the shared construction agreement);
TIN and OGRN of the company constructing the building;
Financial and economic reporting;
Balance sheets, distribution of profits and expenses for the last three years;
Audit conclusion for Last year work of a construction company.

In addition to checking the above documents, follow these steps:

Analyze the prices for similar proposals from different construction companies (noticeably low price I should be wary - everything has its reasons);
Find out about the developer’s completed and current projects, what is the company’s experience and reputation;
Assess your risks by analyzing the construction stage (it is risky to invest money in construction at the foundation pit stage; the project may be frozen even on the eve of the delivery of an almost finished building);
If you are concluding an agreement not with a representative of the developer, but with an authorized organization, be sure to check its documents, confirmation of the right of representation;
Request from the developer documents for the land plot and a building permit, check the bank accreditation of new buildings;
Check the permits for connecting the house under construction to the water supply, heating system and electrical networks - all these documents are issued construction companies before starting work;
Read the project declaration.

When all the documents have been verified and the developer’s reputation is beyond doubt, you can proceed to signing the contract.

The share participation agreement must specify:

Developer details;
Buyer information;
Characteristics of living space;
Payment method;
Deadline for delivery of the object.

Ways to buy an apartment

There are also several ways to purchase housing. Let's look at the most popular schemes today.

Direct cash purchase

Or borrow, but the point is this method is that the entire amount will be transferred immediately in cash (to the seller himself or through a realtor). This method is the most nerve-wracking. It is difficult to deliver to the place of transaction and transfer such a large amount without worry.

Carefully negotiate the time and place of the transaction, carefully choose the method of travel. Make sure that the purchase agreement is signed immediately after the seller receives the money. It would be useful to have a notary or at least a witness who can confirm the completion of the transaction.

Ownership of the living space passes to the buyer ten days after submitting the documents, upon registration of the transaction.

In this regard, it is better to pay in cash:

Against signature before all paperwork is completed;
Or after completion of registration of property rights.

There are several ways to reduce the risks when buying an apartment with cash:

Rent a safe deposit box, where to put the entire amount, and after receiving ownership, hand over the key to the seller;
Use the special service of a notary, when he transfers the entire amount to the seller for a small percentage after completing all the documents;
Place the money for safekeeping not in a safe deposit box, but in a current account, with the condition that the bank will transfer it to the seller after signing the agreement.

Buying through a mortgage

A popular option when purchasing a primary home from a developer. Required condition mortgages - high and stable salaries. But with it, you can immediately become the owner of an apartment, even without having the entire required amount at once. The Law “On Mortgages” was adopted in Russia back in 1998, and is still in effect.

How much a mortgage will cost you depends on the region and the conditions of a particular bank. A down payment of 10-40% is often required, and mortgage rates can range from 10-14%.

Don't rush into making a mortgage decision. Even if you prefer to live on the principle of "here and now", you are unlikely to enjoy paying large sums over the next 15-30 years. Ardent opponents of mortgages have dubbed it unacceptable in modern world"money slavery."

If you decide that a mortgage is the ideal option for you, carefully choose a real payment that will not force you into strict savings and abandonment of your usual way of life. As practice shows, only a few people manage to pay off their mortgages ahead of schedule, and constant savings and the need to search lead to prolonged depression.

Experts advise against agreeing to payments exceeding 40% of the total family income.

Pros of a mortgage	Cons of a mortgage
Quick solution to housing issue	Long-term “financial slavery” (up to 50 years). And if the monthly amount now seems acceptable, then in ten years you may have to reconsider your lifestyle
Gradual payments in small amounts	Before payment full amount the apartment is pledged to the bank, it can take it back through the court if a dispute arises
Large selection of mortgage lending programs	Not available to everyone. The bank carefully checks the client’s monthly income and solvency
State support for certain segments of the population (for example, payment of part of the loan for the military)	Due to interest (from 11% monthly), a significant final overpayment accumulates (from 70 to 300%)
	Fines and penalties for late payments. Up to the seizure of real estate
	A painstaking procedure for registration, collecting the necessary documents, a long wait for the bank’s decision

How to choose a bank for a mortgage

There are three parties involved in purchasing a home with a mortgage. This is not only the developer and the buyer, but also the bank providing the mortgage loan. The amount of the mortgage, monthly payments, the percentage of overpayment, and most importantly, whether a particular citizen will be given permission to receive a loan will depend on the bank.

Based on this, consciously choose a bank according to the following questions:

What is the possible loan amount?
What are the acceptable loan repayment periods?
What requirements are put forward to the buyer of an apartment?
What is the bank's reputation?
Is insurance provided?
When and for what violations (delay in payment) can the process of seizure of property begin?

Is it possible to buy an apartment with a mortgage without a down payment?

The fundamental idea of a mortgage is that the buyer must immediately pay part of the cost of the apartment (10-50%). This contribution may be covered by maternity capital; in other cases, you will have to save or borrow funds from other places.

What, then, does advertising say about a mortgage without a down payment? Such offers do exist, but they hide inflated interest rates and risks. For example, the agreement may indicate that the bank has the right to repossess the apartment without returning the money paid for a short delay in payment.

Buying an apartment in installments

An intermediate option between a lump sum payment and a long-term mortgage. It is optimal if you don’t have the entire amount on hand, but it may appear soon. With this payment scheme, the buyer makes a down payment (usually half the full cost), then pays the remaining cost monthly in pre-agreed equal installments. This installment plan lasts from three months to two years.

Some developers themselves offer buyers interest-free installments, while others may request an overpayment of about 10% for such a service.

Purchasing an apartment with maternity capital

Families who have more than two children and have no other sources of funding for such a major purchase. In addition, young families in which one of the spouses is under 30 years of age, and the marriage was concluded less than three years ago or there are children in the family, can resort to maternity capital.

The amount of maternity capital is regularly indexed, which means it is growing. In 2017 it is 453,000 rubles.

The main feature of maternity capital is that cash the young family will receive it two months after the sale and purchase transaction is concluded. Buyers pay the difference between the capital amount and the cost of the apartment themselves, in cash.

It should be understood that maternity capital is not the provision of money in hand. The funds will go to a special account and will be debited in favor of the seller at the time of the transaction.

It is allowed to use maternity capital not only for direct financing when purchasing housing, but also for the first mortgage payment or to repay part of a housing loan.

You can buy both primary and secondary housing with maternity capital.

In order to take advantage of maternity capital, after choosing an apartment you must provide the Pension Fund with:

Identity documents of parents and all children;
Family certificate;
SNILS of one of the parents;
A copy of the agreement with the seller (or bank);
Seller's account or certificate of debt (if a mortgage was issued);
Notarized confirmation that within six months each family member will receive a share of the new property.

It is prohibited to buy real estate from relatives with public money.

As a result of frequent attempts at fraud, maternity capital is prohibited from being used to purchase housing from parents, grandparents, brothers and sisters.

With maternity capital it is possible to buy an apartment from cousins or sisters, but you will still have to prove to the state that its funding will go to improve the child’s living conditions, and not otherwise.

How to buy an apartment if you have no money

Finding the necessary funds to purchase your own real estate is quite difficult. And here loans, mortgages and maternity capital come to the rescue. A proven way to save money is to buy an apartment in a building under construction. Even with an overpayment for the loan, its cost will be lower than finished secondary housing.

How to save for an apartment with a salary from 15,000 to 30,000 rubles

Maybe. If you live for several years in affordable housing (usually with your parents) and save each month the same amount as you would pay to pay off a mortgage, you can save for an apartment in about half the time.

That is, if you had to repay the mortgage on a one-room apartment for 16 years, putting aside the amount of payments to the bank, it would be possible to save up for the same living space after 8 years.

Of course, you won’t be living in your own apartment, but you can also start saving for a new purchase (for example, a car) twice as quickly: not 16 years after the mortgage is paid off, but after 8.

What documents are needed to buy an apartment in 2017

To complete a real estate purchase and sale transaction you will need:

Passport of the buyer and seller;
A document confirming ownership of real estate;
Unified housing document (only for Muscovites);
From the seller: a certificate or extracts from the house register confirming the absence of debts and persons registered in the apartment;
Contract of sale.

Documents when purchasing an apartment with a mortgage

The list of documents when buying an apartment with a mortgage is much wider:

Copy of the passport;
Expert opinion confirming the cost of the apartment;
Cadastral passport;
Certificate of registration of real estate;
Certificate of family composition;
Certificate of absence of debts;
Application for a mortgage;
Confirmation of solvency.

Notarization of the purchase and sale agreement

In addition to the signatures of the seller and buyer, the contract must be certified by a notary in the following situations:

Share for sale;
The owner of the apartment is under 18 years of age;
The owner is under guardianship (incapacitated).

To do this, any notary is provided with:

Passports of the parties to the transaction;
Sales and purchase agreement template (without signatures);
Certificate of ownership of the apartment, cadastral passport;
Permission from the guardian or notification to the remaining participants in the common shared property.

The cost of notarization varies from 0.1% to 0.5% of the contract amount.

Tax deduction after purchasing an apartment

You can get a tax deduction if you work officially and pay income tax.

The tax deduction is 13% of the value of the property, but not more than 260,000 rubles.

During the year, you have the right to return no more than the income tax transferred to the budget from your wages(the same 13% of the official salary). You can make a refund over several years until the amount is returned in full.

Documents for tax refund when purchasing an apartment

To receive a tax deduction, you must provide the following documents to the tax office:

Passport;
Declaration;
Application for tax refund;
Confirmation of the amount spent on the purchase of the apartment (payment orders, receipts);
Certificate from each place of work (if you have several);
Agreement of purchase and sale or participation in shared construction;
Certificate of state registration of property rights;
Apartment acceptance certificate;
Loan agreement and certificate of withheld interest (if you took out a mortgage).

The document verification procedure takes no more than three months.

Buying an apartment as your own is a whole science. A clear understanding of its basics and a thorough analysis of each stage will allow the buyer to successfully purchase a home.

It is not so important who is involved in this procedure: whether you arrange everything yourself or use the services of a realtor when buying an apartment. Both options come down to the same main tool: information, or rather, the possession of it.

Competent step-by-step instructions when buying an apartment include not only a list of necessary documents for the procedure or ways to protect yourself from scammers. In order to achieve the desired goal, you will need to go through a serious journey, which begins with studying advertisements on thematic resources and specialized forums and ends with registration at a new place of residence.

So, we present to your attention step-by-step instructions for buying an apartment, which includes the main points of this long and painstaking process. We will be buying on our own, so options with realtors will not be considered as such.

Procedure for purchasing an apartment

Many inexperienced buyers constantly ask the same question: where to start? The first thing that comes to mind is to use the services of a realtor when buying an apartment, that is, turn to knowledgeable specialists.

Naturally, this option significantly reduces the hassle of the process, because knowledgeable people will handle the paperwork and you won’t have to go to notaries and lawyers. The critical fly in the ointment in this matter is additional costs. Whatever one may say, any work must be paid, and even more so for a competent specialist. Therefore, in this case, be prepared to pay a tidy sum for services of this kind.

Here, the step-by-step instructions for buying an apartment come down to just two points: the first is to contact the agency and conclude an agreement with them for the provision of services, and the second is to wait for the best offer for you, say “yes” and sign where necessary. The professionals will do the rest for you; you will only need to pay the amount agreed upon in the contract for the provision of services and for the apartment itself.

Independent purchase

In this case, the step-by-step instructions for buying an apartment acquire many points and sub-points. It’s worth noting right away that when purchasing a home on your own, you need to be patient, because finding and designing a suitable area will take a lot of effort and time.

Search for accommodation

If you are interested in apartments on the secondary market, then you should start with large notice boards, like Avito or From Hand to Hand. It would be a good idea to look at some local Internet resources that accept applications of this nature. You can also look through thematic newspapers and magazines where similar advertisements are placed.

The best option is the Network. You can find anything there, and there will be a lot of options, unlike printed materials. Here you and detailed description apartments on the secondary market, and some photos, and sometimes there are video streams of apartments, where the buyer can see everything with his own eyes without a personal visit to the property. The last option is very often resorted to by real estate agencies that keep up with the times, but even among ordinary sellers you can sometimes see such advertisements being presented.

If you are interested in buying an apartment in a new building, then it is definitely better to give preference to large real estate developers who own these properties. That is, you need to look not for a specific apartment, but for a construction company. Find one that builds in the area you want, and only then decide on the floor and rooms.

Despite its apparent simplicity, buying an apartment in a new building also has its pitfalls. One of these is the incompetent construction companies. Be sure to look at reviews about the developer. Moreover, this should be done not on the company’s website, but on specialized forums, where custom reviews are kept to a minimum. These can be any independent resources related to real estate in one way or another: they are not difficult to find, and in each region there will be at least a couple of sites.

Getting to know the apartment

The advertisement has been found, the information on the website or in the newspaper has been studied, now you need to inspect the apartment in person to complete the picture. If you are interested in buying a secondary apartment, then you need to call the direct seller and clarify some important details, namely: whether the specified living space is actually for sale; Is the stated price correct? what are the inspection conditions?

In the case of new buildings, things are usually different. There are specific days indicated by the development company where those interested can inspect the property and ask all their questions. Such an inspection most often takes place in the format of an excursion: a group of potential buyers walks with a “guide”, learning the necessary information along the way.

Let's return to secondary housing. On the day you agreed on a meeting with the seller, you should call again and confirm the time. Sometimes it happens that the apartment has already been sold or promised to another for a good advance, that is, to a more “interesting” client. If the seller is a realtor, he may ask you for an individual meeting to ask some questions.

The fact is that the real estate agency employee is responsible under the contract, that is, here we are talking about the security of the transaction, first of all, for the seller. And it is very difficult to draw any conclusions about the buyer over the phone. Some agencies even offer to sign unique forms for the purchase of an apartment, which guarantee further cooperation between the two parties.

Inspection

The first thing you need to do is inspect the entrance. From it you can make a first impression about the residents and, in some cases, about the apartments themselves. By the decoration of the entrance or the lack thereof, it is easy to determine the cleanliness of future neighbors and how the housing service company treats the house.

Be sure to pay attention to the walls and baseboards. This is especially true on the first floor, where you can often see mold - a breeding ground for diseases. If you are considering the option of the last floors, then you need to carefully consider the ceilings and the quality of the walls. The presence of even the slightest traces of leakage indicates that you will suffer with the repair of your living space until the roof of the house is properly repaired. Therefore, be especially careful with the abundance of carpets or brand new wallpaper. As a rule, there is a catch here: not everyone will agree to renovate an apartment before selling it, because this money can be spent on improving another home, that is, their future home.

A corner apartment requires a slightly different, special approach, unlike the rest of the house. It is exposed, as they say, to all winds, so such housing, without proper attention, becomes noticeably colder, and at the same time dampness is added.

Be sure to inspect all plumbing fixtures. If it is closed with nice panels, then do not hesitate to ask the owner to somehow open it or dismantle it. Most often, such “beauty” hides large plumbing flaws in the form of rusty and leaking pipes.

Pay attention to the smell. If upon inspection you are greeted by a strong smell of lavender or “mountain freshness,” then you need to be wary. There may be a veiled stinking sewer or some local dump under the window.

It should also be noted that it is better to inspect the apartment in daylight hours days. The light from the lamp will not say much about repairs or small details of the interior, and you won’t really appreciate the view from the window, as well as the “day life” of the home (trams, the hum of cars under the windows, etc.).

Negotiation

After you have thoroughly studied the property and inspected the entrance, you can proceed to negotiations with the seller and discussion of an advance payment when purchasing an apartment. Those flaws that you saw can be used as an excuse, that is, you can ask for a discount. Sellers, as a rule, do not reduce the price by more than 10%, but sometimes some agree to more.

By the way, if they quickly agreed with you about some shortcomings in housing and offered an unprecedented discount, then this is a reason to be wary. This means that not everything is as rosy with this apartment as the seller describes. There may be some hidden problems here, both with the condition of the housing itself and on the legal side. The first can still be corrected somehow, but with the second you risk not only delaying the purchase process for a long time, but even losing money.

Down payment

The practice of concluding real estate transactions shows that the signing of almost any agreement of such a plan provides for an advance payment when purchasing an apartment. There is no need to be afraid of this and there is no fraudulent background here, unless, of course, in front of you real seller or realtor. This step is a direct confirmation of the buyer’s serious intentions regarding the purchase of living space.

The deposit is a guarantee for both the seller and the buyer. The first one will no longer look for buyers, and the second one is confident that the apartment has been found and can move on to the next stage.

Agreements of this type are more loyal to those who purchase housing (mostly). If the seller breaks his word, that is, it is not your responsibility to complete the purchase of the apartment, then he must return the deposit in double amount. In the case where the initiative to terminate the contract comes from the person purchasing the housing, the advance payment is simply not returned to him.

Familiarization with documents when purchasing an apartment

After inspecting the living space and discussing financial issues with the seller, you must carefully study the available documents for the apartment. If you are well-versed in legal matters, then you can make such an assessment yourself; in other cases, it is better not to skimp and turn to lawyers. Checking such a plan is not a full-fledged sale, but a simple inspection of documents, so it is inexpensive, and its importance is invaluable.

If you still decide to check the kit yourself, then pay special attention to the following points.

Firstly, this is the authenticity of the documents. The real seller must have an original set of documents on hand, and not copies, even if notarized.

Secondly, you must definitely clarify whether there is any encumbrance on this living space, that is, whether the person standing in front of you has the right to enter into contracts and sell this real estate. The house book, which contains all the information about the residents, as well as the owners of the apartment, will be very helpful in this matter.

Thirdly, it would obviously be useful to collect statements (to the seller or buyer) from other homeowners about their consent to the transaction, if any. Such a document must be notarized.

And one last thing: if minor children are registered in the apartment, then you must attach a sales permit issued by the guardianship and trusteeship authorities.

All these documents when purchasing an apartment must be legally executed and must not be expired.

Registration of purchase and sale

Another important stage in purchasing real estate. If you plan to return your income tax when purchasing an apartment, then you need to approach this point especially carefully. Otherwise, you will have to run after the seller after the transaction due to your carelessness.

The list of documents for registration of sale and purchase is as follows:

Application for registration of a purchase and sale agreement. The document is drawn up by both parties on special forms (can be obtained from real estate agencies, realtors or the registration department) at the location of the purchased living space.
If the owner is not involved in the transaction, then a notarized power of attorney (original and copy) is required for the right to sign the purchase and sale agreement.
A bank document indicating payment of the state duty by both parties for transactions of this type (original and copy).
A set of documents indicating the owner of the apartment (purchase, donation, inheritance, etc.).
Home Book.

Registration process

The registration department (at the place of purchase of the living space) first of all verifies the authenticity of the documents provided. After this office gives the go-ahead, you can proceed directly to the legal processing of the transaction.

The registration department quite often refuses to process documents, and there are many reasons for this. The main factor here is the irresponsible approach of both the seller and the buyer. If both parties have used the services of real estate agencies or some single realtors, then refusals are reduced to a minimum. Real estate offices have already trodden a good path to the registration department and are aware of all the pitfalls. If you are completing a deal on your own and doing it for the first time, then be prepared to receive refusal after refusal until you get all the documents in order.

Typical mistakes are an incorrect street or house name, an incorrect surname or first name of the buyer/seller, as well as suspicion of forgery of documents. The last point forces the registrar to thoroughly study the document and even at the slightest suspicion to refuse admission. Here, even a couple of unprinted letters on the notary’s stamp can cause a refusal.

After the registration department approves the documents and also signs the agreement, the transaction is considered completed. That is, you receive the keys to the apartment and documents confirming ownership of the property and a transfer certificate from the previous owner.

What then?

The buyer and seller should discuss organizational issues regarding the moving in of a new tenant, as well as the eviction of an old one. As a rule, the law provides for a clear period of time - two weeks, which are given to the seller to vacate the living space. But by mutual agreement, these terms can be changed either up or down. It is better to do this in writing to avoid additional problems.

Next, the buyer needs to register at the passport office, that is, receive an official registration in the passport. It would be useful to immediately visit the housing office, water utilities and other housing organizations to re-register responsibilities and receive personal accounts in your name.

Registration of a tax deduction is also one of the buyer’s responsibilities, so there is no point in delaying a visit to the tax office. Before going to the Federal Tax Service, you must make copies of property documents. There is no need to notarize them, but when applying for a deduction, you will need to show the original in addition to the copy.

In general, the process of buying and selling an apartment takes about two weeks, and if with documents full order, and you apply through an agency, then even less.

What you need to know when shopping

People regularly purchase various necessary things in stores. But have any of them ever wondered how? But this is a very serious acquisition. And no one wants to throw money away. Therefore, purchasing stores must be accompanied by an analysis of many factors.

Step-by-step purchase instructions

So, it was decided to invest a certain amount in trading business. But first you have to be patient. Something like purchasing a store cannot be done in a hurry. You need to try to protect yourself as much as possible from punctures.

Step 1 . You should carefully select the area for your future retail outlet. If you already have a room in mind certain place, you need to observe the flow of people passing by it every day. It is important not only the number of people, but also their potential interest in the goods that are supposed to be sold. So, a grocery store will come in handy in a densely populated residential area, near a student dormitory, next to a large enterprise. It would be ideal to buy a store on a busy, thoroughfare street. And if there is a bus stop or metro station nearby, even better. After all, a retail outlet should attract attention as much as possible more of people.

Step 2. Having settled on a specific premises, you need to meet with its owner and discuss the cost of the store, and familiarize yourself with all the documents necessary for the transaction. You should check the papers for the right to own the premises, an extract from the technical passport, BTI plans and the lease agreement for the land under the store, if there is one. It is recommended to look at the table with technical characteristics. If possible, it would not hurt to show these papers to a lawyer you know and determine whether everything is in order with them.

Step 3. After checking the documents, you need to agree with the owner of the premises to sign a preliminary agreement (protocol of intent). At this stage, the final sale date is set and a deposit is paid. If the owner has any problems with paying bills regarding the store or with necessary documents, then before signing the main agreement he must eliminate them.

Attention! After the preliminary agreement is signed, the buyer has the right to change his mind and abandon his intention, say, to buy a store in Moscow, but then the deposit is automatically lost - it goes to the owner of the premises. If the opposite situation occurs - the owner decided that he himself would still need the outlet and canceled the sale - he is obliged to return the deposit to the buyer in double size.

Step 4. Signing of the main agreement. Again, you need to carefully study all its points or show the prepared text to a qualified lawyer. After all, documents of this kind often hide insidious nuances that are not noticeable to the untrained eye. If there is nothing to complain about, the deal is concluded and the money is transferred. In the case of cash payments, each party must bring a witness, and the seller must give the buyer a receipt for a specific amount. But the option of non-cash payment through a bank will still be more reliable and transparent. If the sale is made in installments, the dates and amounts of all future payments should be fixed in the contract.

Step 5. After the parties have shaken hands, documents are transferred for registration. It will take about a month to buy a store in St. Petersburg or any other city in our country and officially register it. All registration costs are most often borne by the buyer, or the parties decide to divide them among themselves and stipulate this in advance in the main agreement. And as soon as a certificate of ownership is received, the buyer can consider himself the happy owner of the store. The seller is given an extract from Unified register rights, and both parties must sign the document on the delivery and acceptance of the object. The deal is completed!

In some life situations A problem arises when there are not enough material resources. In this case, people often wonder what to sell to make money. Although in some situations, entrepreneurs who are just starting their own business do the same thing.

Products from a Chinese manufacturer

There was a time when buy-sell relationships flourished. However, it has long passed. Currently, in-demand products can be sold using a method such as dropshipping. Its essence is quite simple and does not require virtually any costs from its performer. This is the usual delivery of products from its manufacturer to its buyer. Using this method, you can earn good money by selling products from China. The best-selling products have always been and will be made in China, since their cost is lower than that of other producing countries. The advantage of such a sale is that there is no need to invest your own money, since the goods are paid for in advance by the buyer. This same point guarantees that there will be no downtime of products, they will be in circulation all the time.

Using an Internet bulletin board

Since this is the 21st century, it would be logical to ask the question of what to sell on the Internet to make money. Today there are many free Internet sites that operate on the principle of a bulletin board. In addition, such sites are completely free, which means it costs nothing to post information about selling your product. All these sites are quite similar to each other, and therefore the rules and list of what can be implemented there are approximately the same. Here is a small list of products that you can try to sell through online bulletin boards:

Personal items that have become unnecessary for some reason.
You can buy various products and resell them, receiving interest on sales.
Sale of goods wholesale.

In addition to using existing platforms, you can create your own Internet portals on which you should place various profitable offer for selling products. If you ask people who specialize in sales what to sell to make money, they will list roughly the following categories:

Gold, silver and other jewelry items, except those owned by the family as heirlooms.
You can sell a product such as cosmetics from a large company. True, to do this you need to become a representative of such a company.

What to sell to make good money?

Very interesting option sales of goods may, at first glance, become rubbish that ordinary people do not need for nothing. However, there is a type of people called collectors. This segment of the population is quite capable of purchasing for a large sum, for example, some kind of badge or coin, which to the average person would seem like a trinket that has no value. In some cases, the answer to the question of what to sell to make money may be antiques and other valuables belonging to different collections. It is more difficult to sell them, since first you need to spend a sum on their purchase, and then find the same collector who will pay even more than the amount for which the item was purchased.

Residents of rural areas can also be included here, since they receive a good income from selling vegetables, fruits, dairy products, etc. Some entrepreneurs buy large volumes of products from villagers, and then resell them within the city limits for more high price. This type of activity can also be attributed to the answer to the question of what is profitable to sell.

What do people buy?

When the question arises about making money by selling something, it is always worth remembering that there are areas that will be in demand always, everywhere, and at any time. What to sell to earn money quickly and a lot? One of these areas is real estate. Selling and buying housing will always be in trend, since no one wants to live on the street. This method of earning money requires certain investments, but with the right approach it will allow you to quickly return the amount spent and earn interest. It's about about the resale of private houses, apartments or garages, for example.

When constantly monitoring various advertisements, you may come across one in which the owner writes about the urgent sale of a home, for example. The reason for this may be leaving, reluctance to search for a buyer for a long time, etc. In such cases, sellers are very often ready to make concessions and reduce the amount from the initial one by 10-15%. It is precisely such proposals that you need to look for. Having bought real estate at a reduced price, all that remains is to add interest and resell it. Thus, you can earn a lot of money without doing practically anything.

What can you quickly sell online?

As mentioned earlier, when wondering what to sell to make money, you should turn your attention to the Internet. However, message boards are not all that can generate income. Despite the fact that almost everything that can be bought is available on the Internet, and the demand, as well as the supply, is great, there are areas in which demand is clearly greater than supply. These categories include the following products:

Clothes and shoes for children and teenagers. Such products are always in use, because, as you know, children grow quickly. We have to buy new things almost every year, which means that the demand will be constant and large.
Various products used at home and in offices.
Real estate and cars.
Original and beautiful photographs are less in demand, but still in demand.

Although it is worth noting that it is much more difficult to make money selling photos, since photo banks that accept photographs have very high requirements.

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