How much do mechanical engineering technicians earn? How much does a specialist in the field of power engineering earn? Job prospects

Mechanical engineering is the “whale” on which, for the most part, the entire industry of almost any country, including Russia, stands. For such a large state as ours, mechanical engineering is an industry that determines the level and path of development of the entire economy.

The mechanical engineering specialty is divided into aircraft engineering, shipbuilding, automotive engineering, power engineering, machine tool engineering and even the production of agricultural machinery.

Before you finally decide on a profile in mechanical engineering or mechanical engineering technology, you should analyze your desires and capabilities.

It is necessary to evaluate skills in mathematics and physics, it is necessary to realize how interesting it will be to devote most of the time to the drawing process.

Having entered the first year of an institute or technical school, the first thing a novice mechanical engineer will do is begin studying descriptive geometry, strength of strength materials, theoretical mechanics, thermal engineering, and physics.

After the first year, students who fail the test of a ruler and pencil are expelled, so in order not to waste a year of your life, you should pay attention to the features of your chosen specialty and draw conclusions.

If strength of materials, drawing and physics are not words that evoke fear and trepidation, you can safely apply to a mechanical engineering university.

Mechanical engineering technology specialty

Specialty: mechanical engineering technology all-Russian classifier specialties are designated under code 151901, upon graduation from the university it gives the right to bear the status of an engineer, opens up prospects for various directions.

Mechanical engineering technology specialty technician, mechanical engineering technologist - a specialist who controls the quality of products manufactured by the enterprise and is responsible for the implementation of all related necessary calculations. But the machine operator stands behind the machine and turns parts by hand.

There is a position of a CNC machine operator, where the employee only gives a command to the program, and then it does all the work automatically.

An adjustment and testing engineer monitors the serviceability of equipment at the enterprise, is responsible for planning and carrying out repairs, assists machine operators in setting up machines, and also calculates recommended machine settings. In addition, the engineer is assigned the responsibility of drawing up technical and regulatory documentation for the equipment that falls within his area of ​​responsibility.

The specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”, among other things, studies methods for improving parts and equipment. These are all the responsibilities of a design engineer. Many industrial enterprises have their own design bureau, in which design engineers are responsible for inventing new types of designs for mechanical engineering.

Mechanical engineering technology specialty vocational education

Having completed the specialty 02/15/08 mechanical engineering technology, by the way, this can be done as after high school, and after the main one, you will still have a secondary diploma in your hands vocational education. Specialty: mechanical engineering technology - college or mechanical engineering or metallurgical technical school - educational institutions that allow you to get the desired education.

Educational practice in the specialty of mechanical engineering technology

During the internship, the educational institution will provide an opportunity to become closely acquainted with the future profession. Face to face, a student in the second year will encounter plumbing, and in the third the course will pass mechanical practice, where he will stand behind a machine for the first time and try something that he will have to deal with all his life.

Mechanical engineering specialty - Universities

It is known that there is an all-Russian classification of specialties, according to which the code for the specialty of mechanical engineering is 150700. You can complete your studies in this field at any technological university. The five most prestigious universities in mechanical engineering are opened by Moscow University of Technology(MIREA, MGUPI, MITHT). The next position in the ranking is occupied by the Moscow State Engineering University (MAMI) and the Moscow State Technological University "STANKIN". The options for enrolling in mechanical engineering are not limited to this. Almost every city can boast of having a technical university.

The peculiarity lies in the specifics of each region. Thus, in Siberia, mechanical engineering universities focus on the mining and manufacturing industries, and, for example, the Central federal district focused on the design and operation of machines in aircraft manufacturing, space technology, engine building, automotive manufacturing, and machine tool manufacturing. In a word, each region has its own specifics.

After completing four courses of study, passing state exams and, traditionally, defending a final thesis, the student receives a diploma conferring a bachelor's qualification. If desired, it is possible to continue to improve the level of your education in a master's program.

Jobs in mechanical engineering

Having mastered the specialty of mechanical engineering, “who should I work with?” A legitimate question arises for every graduate. The advantage of education in the field of mechanical engineering is the availability of a huge number of vacancies in any city, as long as you have the knowledge and desire to work in your specialty. In addition, a feature of such technical education is that a graduate of a mechanical engineering university, without exaggeration, will be able to work in a completely different areas and directions due to huge base acquired knowledge and a wide range of studied disciplines.

Bachelor's degree graduates will find work as a technologist, technician or junior engineer at enterprises machine-building complex. For the most part, they are responsible for safety at the enterprise, monitor compliance with technology, supervise the work of junior employees, are responsible for compliance with all norms and regulations at the enterprise, and are responsible for equipment repairs.

Mechanical engineering major general concept, so the question of salary is quite ambiguous. As you know, industries in Russia are at different stages of development, and according to this, wages at enterprises are radically different.

In Russia today, the most paid work is in the extractive industry (oil and gas). Automotive concerns offer hope for a successful career and decent wages, where graduates can hold positions as mechanics or equipment adjusters.

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Purpose of the profession The employee develops implementation and carries out technical control; participates in the organization production activities. Performs work in one or more worker professions: sharpener, gear cutter, adjuster automatic lines and aggregate machines, machine tool and manipulator adjuster with program controlled, operator of computer-controlled machines, toolmaker, general machine operator, milling lathe, etc.

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Tasks The primary tasks of a mechanical engineering technologist are the ability to develop and organize the production process. You need to start with the selection of equipment, its correct placement in the workshop without wasting time and production technology, automation already existing equipment, carrying out activities to improve the quality of products. Young specialists must be fluent in computers in order to be able to develop and execute technical documentation, master regulatory documents and systematize project documentation. The technologist is at the head of the rationalization and inventive activity, participates in experimental work on the development and implementation of new, progressive technological processes production.

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The profession of a technologist means that a person in this profession must know production technology. And since our industries are very diverse, a technologist can be a technologist in the mechanical engineering industry, a technologist in the woodworking industry, or a technologist clothing production and so on. But the essence is the same - he must know the production technology like the back of his hand - he could draw up a processing plan, for example, a part - from the moment of creating a workpiece (casting, stamping) to finishing. The estimate - that is, the cost of the part - depends on how correctly the technologist describes the processing technology. And this is very important - the cost of a part with the wrong technology can be high and the production of the part can be unprofitable, and vice versa - the cost due to the optimally chosen technology will be small and, accordingly, the production of this part will be profitable.

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All mechanisms - from food processors to spaceships– consist of simple and complex parts. To manufacture these parts today, specialists are required who know how and from what parts they are assembled, and who are versed in traditional and high technologies. This knowledge is provided by the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”. It is for those who want to learn how to do something with their own hands, operate modern machines and complex machines, make drawings on a computer, and sharpen parts on a machine. IN modern production the work of a technologist has changed. The spread of computer-controlled automated equipment, the emergence of computer-aided design and production management systems in almost all machine-building enterprises have led to the fact that a specialist who helps create new equipment relies on Computer techologies. Such specialists are needed in enterprises and organizations involved in the design, manufacture, repair of machines and devices used in various industries, including chemical, oil refining, food and others. Today, the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” is more relevant than ever, and this is not surprising: production is developing at a rapid pace, so competent specialists are needed.

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Technological engineers not only develop documentation, they also carry out experimental and technological work, and also participate in the purchase of equipment and materials - after all, by the nature of their activity, they know perfectly well what material and what equipment is needed for production. When hiring, computer knowledge is valued, in particular, knowledge of automation programs design work is a big plus. The more experience an industrial engineer has, the greater the chance of getting a higher paying job or getting hired. Each profession has its own pros and cons, and a person himself chooses which profession to study for. The most important thing is not to make a mistake when choosing, which is why, before entering a university, read about your future profession– this will help you decide whether you made the right choice. By choosing the profession of mechanical engineering technologist, you will receive a stable wages, the opportunity to master new technologies. By constantly improving your qualifications, you will thereby gradually improve your financial situation - knowledge and experience in this profession can be appreciated.

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Mechanical engineering technology is a specialty that remains in demand: every year by one budget place At least 4 people apply. It is worth noting that engineers are trained only by state universities and technical schools, for commercial organizations this specialty is too expensive. Mechanical engineering technology requires the availability of educational institutions special equipment (machines different types), laboratories, computers with special programs– for developing drawings, technological processes, creating 3D models, etc. That is why non-state educational institutions cannot compete with state universities, which have a good material base, a staff of highly qualified teachers (many of whom are candidates and doctors of science) and long-term teaching traditions.

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The beginning of the development of this direction National economy in our country it is customary to associate it with the name of Andrei Nartov, who invented the first Russian in the 18th century lathe. At that time, there were only a few engineers, mostly enthusiasts and pioneers of their field. But mechanical engineering technology received its main impetus for development largely thanks to the wars of the 19th and 20th centuries, when victory often depended on the technical equipment of the army. For Russia, the heyday of mechanical engineering occurred during the Second World War, when almost all enterprises in the country began to produce weapons, ammunition and equipment. And it was at this time that the specialty “mechanical engineering technology” turned out to be in great demand, since factories experienced an acute shortage of qualified and competent engineers.

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Mechanical engineering technology is a field of technical science that studies connections and establishes patterns in the process of manufacturing machines. It is designed to develop a theory of technological support and improvement of the quality of mechanical engineering products with the lowest cost of their production (the definition is borrowed from the specialty formula 02/05/08 of the Higher Certification Commission of the Russian Federation). The object of mechanical engineering technology is the technological process, and the subject is the establishment and study of external and internal connections, the laws of the technological process. Area of ​​research (according to the specialty passport 02/05/08 of the Higher Certification Commission of the Russian Federation): 1. Manufacturability of the design of the machine as a production object. 2. Technological processes, operations, installations, positions, technological transitions and working steps, ensuring an increase in the quality of products and a reduction in their cost. 3. Mathematical modeling of technological processes and methods for manufacturing parts and assembling mechanical engineering products. 4. Improving existing and developing new methods of processing and assembly in order to improve the quality of mechanical engineering products and reduce the cost of their production. 5. Methods for designing and optimizing technological processes. 6. Technological heredity in mechanical engineering. 7. Technological support and improvement of the quality of the surface layer, accuracy and durability of machine parts. 8. Problems of technological process control in mechanical engineering. Examples of areas of mechanical engineering technology: Generalization and development of the fundamentals of optimal technological support for the operational properties of parts; Development of technological foundations for conversion, reconstruction and technical re-equipment of aviation production. Increasing the technological efficiency of machining processes on CNC machines based on research using laser and holographic interferometry methods of the stress-strain and thermal state of a cutting tool. Mathematical modeling and optimization of high-tech technological processes; Ion-plasma modification of the surface of gas turbine engine parts in order to repeatedly increase their performance properties; Scientific foundations and methods for solving technological problems based on heterogeneous design and technological models.

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Mechanical engineering is a complex of heavy industry branches. There are several main areas of mechanical engineering: machine tool building, automotive industry, aviation industry, space engineering, shipbuilding, development and production of mining and processing equipment, hoisting and transport machines and mechanisms.

Along with metallurgy, mining and manufacturing industries, mechanical engineering forms the basis of the power and defense capability of any state. About twenty years ago, simultaneously with the collapse of the USSR, many factories, research institutes, design bureaus temporarily stopped or closed altogether: no new orders were received, funding practically ceased. The influx of new personnel has stopped. Most young people then chose the profession of economist or lawyer, and those few who did go to engineering universities did not want to work for a meager salary. IN beginning of XXI century the situation has changed in better side: factories, research institutes and design bureaus were reorganized into new structures, as a rule, included in the “defense industry”; government orders appeared, money began to flow in for salaries and re-equipment.

What to study

What subjects does a future plant or design bureau engineer need to master?

In some mechanical engineering universities preparatory courses They are specially taught to draw. If you are not comfortable with a pencil and a ruler, if there is no interest in drawing, it is better not to even dream of an engineering degree: even the first year will not be possible for you, drawing will take up all your time. It is often taught for 2 years. This headache for many students who entered mechanical engineering faculties without knowing about the specifics of their upcoming studies. Those who come for the sake of crusts or to escape from military service are not tolerated here; there's nothing to do here.

To study at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, you also first need to know physics and mathematics - nothing more is required, since if the student wishes, the teachers will be happy to share their knowledge and experience with him. And you will have to master materials science, structural materials, theoretical mechanics, strength of materials, theory of machines and mechanisms, structural mechanics, machine parts, thermodynamics and heat engineering, fundamentals of construction and design. In senior courses, you will study computer-aided design systems, design and design of units, testing of units, manufacturing and assembly technology. Plus, complete numerous term papers and projects for which the number of drawings in A2 or A1 format can reach up to 10, and the number of smaller “formats” can reach 15-20.

It should be remembered that mechanical engineering faculties provide not so much pure knowledge as a profession (with rare exceptions, each of them is a topic for a separate story).

Practice - both summer and during study (coursework and projects) - is given great importance. There is not much theory - theoretical mechanics, higher mathematics, physics, strength of materials, structural mechanics, CAD - that’s the whole “gentleman’s set”. All other subjects are almost completely utilitarian: they will only give a little theory - and then please practical use, real problems, design. But later, at work, you won’t have to relearn many very important things.

For example, the concept of the subject “Airplane Design” seems quite simple, fitting into a small university manual. However, this is one of the most extensive subjects: practice takes up a huge part of the course, and there is no need to talk about laboratory classes - everything is learned using real objects and examples.

Or take “calculated” items:

• heat transfer and thermodynamics,
• structural calculations,
• structural mechanics - very often real, practical problems are explained in lectures and seminars.

Mechanical engineering is closely related to instrument engineering, materials science, and metalworking: during their studies, students often encounter relevant subjects, and their knowledge will not be superfluous in their work. However, unlike instrument engineering or, say, radio engineering, mechanical engineering does not tolerate errors and does not allow them to be corrected. The spar of an aircraft wing must be made exactly according to the drawing, from a certain material, and must precisely fall within the tolerance system: deviations from the calculated values ​​can be too expensive. And it won’t be possible to remake this spar “on your knees” - you will have to send the parts for remelting and repeat the whole production cycle. In radio engineering, everything is much simpler: initially, deviations in the values ​​of passive components (resistors, capacitors, coils) are allowed up to 15%, and a lot can often be corrected in the assembled device; It is not difficult to remove one or another element from the circuit and replace it with another. Moreover, all radio components have long been unified and mass-produced.

How they teach

In mechanical engineering universities and corresponding faculties, students study, as a rule, for 5 and a half years full-time and 6 years part-time. Educational programs have long been standardized, and innovations are quite rare. Average age teachers have exceeded 50-60 years of age - there are few graduate students and young teachers (the same age situation is in mechanical engineering in general). However, more and more often, methodological and training centers with appropriate funding and material support.

When you choose a mechanical engineering major, be prepared for challenging and thoughtful learning. The totality of objects and knowledge put into the heads of students gives its result to the third course - the perception of the world as a whole and many specific things changes beyond recognition. It's not about difficult studies that take away the last of your strength and force you to wake up in the middle of the night, but about the practice-oriented specifics of mechanical engineering. The practice here is such that, without resorting to a very special approach, you can rack your brains for a long time - and still not find the answer. Design or testing methods are full of nuances and develop nonlinear thinking - it’s not for nothing that the designers Tupolev, Mil, Kamov, Korolev were in highest degree extraordinary people. Many know-how in the industry in question, at first glance, are quite simple. But it’s not so easy to come up with them. How many cases have there been in Soviet and world mechanical engineering when the most important problem was solved intuitively, in five minutes, appeared in the mind of the creator instantly - and only then was adjusted to theoretical calculations!

But, before you learn to see the problem as a whole and be able to solve it intuitively, imagining the answer in advance in your mind, you need to go through the jungle of mechanics, physics, chemistry, strength of materials, machine parts - and with junior students, teachers can be oh so strict. Mechanical engineering is a very specific way of thinking and approach to solving problems, formed over five years of fairly intense study.

Where to work

You need to work where you want to apply your strength and intelligence. On the one hand, a graduate has a direct path to a research institute, design bureau, or factory: after graduation, having completed all the internships, he is an almost ready-made specialist who practically does not require additional training. On the other hand, a profession is a profession, but the range of acquired skills and knowledge is so great that a graduate can successfully work in other industries and areas. Did he study thermal engineering, assembly technology, testing? Welcome to the company for the operation, sale and installation of heating and refrigeration equipment. Does the graduate know the technology of manufacturing metal products and rolled products? He will be gladly hired by a company that manufactures metal products as a designer or technologist.

Mechanical engineering is one of the most important industries in any state. The degree of its development determines how high the level of the economy is in a particular country. Mechanical engineering technology studies the manufacture of machines and their parts, safety precautions when working with equipment, as well as the ability to reduce the cost of parts and mechanisms without compromising the quality of manufactured products.

Qualification

The specialty "Mechanical Engineering Technology" makes it possible to obtain the qualifications of an engineer, which allows you to work in many directions. For example, a mechanical engineering technologist carries out quality control of manufactured products and performs necessary calculations. The machine operator turns parts manually on special machines. The operator works on CNC machines, enters the control program and sets its operating mode. The commissioning and testing engineer is responsible for the serviceability of equipment, maintains a calendar schedule for inspections and repairs, helps machine operators set up mills and calculates recommended settings for working on them. He is also responsible for the technical documentation of the equipment on his site.

Another quite interesting area that the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” studies is the development of new parts and equipment. As a rule, this is done by a design engineer. Many mass production facilities have design bureaus that develop new parts and cutting modes.

Eg, metallurgical enterprise receives an order for a huge batch of twist drills. The equipment allows the production of only 10 thousand drills per shift and it is necessary to speed up this process. The design engineer must:

1. Make a drawing of the finished product.
2. Calculate the cutting mode of one unit of a twist drill.
3. Find a way to speed up the production of this part with minimal financial costs.

How long and where does it take to study to become an engineer?

You can enroll in the specialty "Mechanical Engineering Technology" on the basis of 9 or 11 grades. The duration of training, respectively, is 4 and 3 years, and upon completion, the student receives a secondary technical education. For this specialty, there are both budgetary and commercial forms of training. If you wish, you can go on to study further in your specialty for a bachelor's or master's degree.

The specialty (02/15/08) “Mechanical Engineering Technology” can be obtained at metallurgical technical schools and colleges. Depending on the educational institution, the methods of accepting documents also differ. In some technical schools, you must pass exams for admission.

There are also correspondence and evening courses in this specialty, however, as a rule, these are commercial groups. The training period for them is the same as for full-time students. Many boys and girls dream of getting a specialty in Mechanical Engineering Technology. The college educates and prepares such specialists in accordance with the requirements of the main professional educational program.

Educational process

The educational process based on 9 classes includes 4 courses. Those admitted after 11th grade, as a rule, go straight to the second year.

The first course includes general education subjects and only basic initial knowledge of the specialty. Having completed it, the student receives a certificate of basic general secondary education.

The second course consists of several general education subjects (such as higher mathematics, physics) and most subjects in the specialty: metal science, management, cutting theory, technical mechanics and etc.

III and IV courses consist only of special courses. items. Students study electrical engineering, specialized equipment, basic ecology, technical processes for manufacturing machines and parts, basic economics, etc.

At the end of the educational process and practical training, students write thesis and receive a diploma.

Internship in the specialty "Mechanical Engineering Technology"

As a rule, during the entire educational process you need to undergo 3 different internships related to the profession of “Mechanical Engineering Technology”. The specialty of secondary vocational education (secondary vocational education) requires not only knowledge, but also basic skills in working with parts and mechanisms.)

The first practice is metalworking, and students are admitted to it after completing the second year. In addition, admission requires passing a safety exam. Locksmith workshops are usually located on the territory educational institution. At this stage, students are first introduced to technical equipment and try to work on it. During practice, students need to do several tasks, such as sharpening a cutter, cutting internal and external threads, and marking parts. Most often, students perform work on metalwork benches and machines.

The second practice for third-year students is mechanical. If there is no mechanical section on the territory of the educational institution, then students undergo internships in factories and enterprises. The standard of the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” at this stage requires the study of machine tools, such as turning, milling, drilling, grinding, etc. The student is assigned to one of the machines and works at it together with a mentor. It is also possible to practice on CNC machines. In this case, the student becomes familiar with control programs and how to enter them.

Undergraduate practice

In the fourth year, students will have pre-diploma practice. It lasts about two months. As a rule, students are assigned to mechanical sites depending on the topic of the thesis. For example, if a student at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology (specialty - "technician") was given the topic "Calculation and design of a worm spline cutter", then he is sent to the fur. area where cutters are made. At the end of the internship, students take an exam for the rank and receive a state-issued certificate of assignment of the rank.

Electronic engineering

IN Lately Our country is actively developing the industry for the production of new equipment and machinery. Development in such an area as electronic technologies in mechanical engineering does not stand still either. The specialty of a modern engineer includes mandatory knowledge in this field of science. Electronic technologies study electrovacuum devices and mechanisms. They work on the principle of an incandescent lamp: there is no air in the working space of such a device, which allows them to amplify and transform electromagnetic energy.

What knowledge do students gain during the learning process?

The specialty "Mechanical Engineering Technology" gives the opportunity to work in many directions. This is due to the fact that during training a technician receives a huge amount of baggage. necessary knowledge. During the educational process, students study methods of processing parts, learn to calculate manufacturing time, choose the required cutting mode, study equipment in mechanical areas and the principle of its operation. In addition, young specialists are trained to work in many computer programs, such as "Compass" and AutoCAD. These are universal applications for creating and designing any fixtures and parts in a three-dimensional modeling system.

Job prospects

It's hard to remember the time when good engineers were unclaimed. Any industrial enterprise always requires qualified technologists who know the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”. Anyone who has ever encountered such a profession knows who they can work with. industrial enterprises. The work of a young engineer, as a rule, begins with the manufacture of parts on machines and workbenches. Over time, you can advance in your career - become a foreman of the area where the part is made, or you can transfer to work from a dusty workshop to a clean office. Office technologists are designers and engineers who implement new technology and equipment.

general characteristics

All mechanisms - from food processors to robots, racing cars and spaceships, and even a fantastic time machine - consist of simple and complex parts. To manufacture these parts today, knowledge of both traditional and high technologies is required. You will be able to obtain such knowledge while studying in the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”.

Mechanical engineering is the most common and universal specialty required in any mechanical engineering, instrument making, repair and many other industries. Mechanical engineering technology is a specialty for those who want to learn how to do something with their own hands, who are ready to operate modern CNC machines and industrial robots, make drawings on a computer, sharpen parts on a machine, and organize their own business.

Today, the profession of a technologist is more relevant than ever, and this is not surprising - production is being restored, and where they start producing something, they immediately need a person who knows how to do it, i.e. a technologist. To ensure the competitiveness of their products, today enterprises need specialists who are involved in the development of new technologies, and to attract such specialists today, large amounts of money are allocated and a decent amount of payment is offered for their intellectual work.

Also, within the framework of the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology”, issues of organization and production management are studied. A technologist will be able to professionally manage his business, work as a production manager in large and small enterprises, in design bureaus and research institutes, organizational and management structures.

Qualification of a specialist (graduate) – technician. The duration of training based on 9 classes is 3 years 10 months.

Region professional activity graduates:

Development and implementation of technological processes for the production of mechanical engineering products;

Organization of work of a structural unit;

Materials, technological processes, technological equipment;

Design and technological documentation;

Primary labor collectives.

The technician prepares for the following activities:

Development of technological processes for manufacturing machine parts.

Participation in organizing the production activities of a structural unit.

Participation in the implementation of technological processes for the manufacture of machine parts and technical control.

Carrying out work in the profession of "Turner".

Qualification characteristics of the graduate:

The specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” trains specialists for enterprises and organizations involved in the design, manufacture and repair of machines and devices used in various industries.

The modern development of mechanical engineering requires specialists in mechanical engineering technology with deep knowledge in the field of design of technological processes and technological equipment, new forms of organization and production management, complex automation production processes, modern computer numerical control (CNC) machines and robotic systems, advanced methods of material processing, use computer technology for research, design and control of technological processes.

Field of professional activity: technician the specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” is the organization and implementation of work on the creation of products, metal structures, control of production of the workshop, machining area.

The specialty “Mechanical Engineering Technology” belongs to the “Human-Technology” type..

Professions of this type are associated with the creation, installation, assembly and adjustment technical devices, with operation technical means, with equipment repair. The peculiarity of technical objects is that they can be accurately measured and calculated, therefore professions in this group require a person to combine a practical mindset and creativity, precision, good health.
The specialty can be classified as “performing”, since it requires compliance with existing rules and regulations, instructions, and standards. At the same time, work is related to planning, organizing, managing, accepting non-standard solutions, which allows us to classify the profession as “creative”.