A distinctive feature of a person. Human character traits and their manifestation

He is kind-hearted, sympathetic, joyful. When talking about someone, we do not spare glorious words, but character is a multifaceted concept, and in order to give an accurate description of a person, it is a little easy to praise or scold him. Follow our instructions and your collation will be accurate and unbiased.

Instructions

1. First, determine the person’s character type. Lively and excitable, sociable people are usually classified as choleric; there are also melancholic and sanguine people (something in between the first two). The division is quite arbitrary, let this first collation become the starting point.

2. Next, you should realize how a person builds relationships with the outside world. People who need communication and are sociable are extroverts. Introverts are those who focus on their inner world and limit contact with the outside.

3. A person's character is manifested differently in his actions; they speak for themselves. It happens that a boy, who always considered himself a coward, acts like a hero in an extreme situation. Observe how the collation given by a person to himself comes into opposition with his behavior in life.

4. The identified objections will help you find not only obvious, but also character traits hidden from prying eyes. Let's say a girl reprimands someone for amoral behavior, starts an affair with a married man in front of everyone. Don't rush to write her down as a scoundrel. It is permissible that in this way her hidden character is revealed, the one that she persistently refutes.

5. There are also major discrepancies between how a person characterizes himself and how he is seen from the outside. Ask what everyone you know thinks about your neighbor Masha, and you will be amazed at the range of opinions. By carefully conducting follow-up surveys, you will probably identify some recurring patterns. They will become a guide for you.

6. Use a clever trick. Ask the person to tell you what they think about others. When we describe others, we often describe ourselves. Notice what he condemns. Often we don’t like in others what we don’t accept in ourselves.

7. Bring all the information received together, add personal feelings. If possible, conduct testing according to the method of Smishek, Eysenck, or select psychological surveys from famous magazines. You will be able to compare the results of your own impromptu research with test data.

Describe girl allowed in prose, poetry, song, affectionately, tenderly, with epithets, superlatives. The main thing is to convey in the presentation her truthful disposition and the beauty of her soul.

Instructions

1. If you need to describe a girl, then you can approach this issue either pragmatically or creatively. In the first case, be truthful, conscientiously describe her character traits, appearance, preferences. Do not attribute unnecessary qualities if you are not sure of them. Don't underestimate her abilities, even if the girl is not attractive to you. Be honest with yourself.

2. If you approach the issue creatively, you will need to use your imagination. Feel free to use metaphors and a sense of humor. Even if the girl herself does not see your presentation, you should not use offensive words or unflattering comparisons. And under no circumstances invent something that doesn’t actually exist. And even more so, do not distort the facts, no matter from which side you see them. When a girl is nice to you, it won’t be difficult to describe her.

3. Follow the dictates of your heart and receive a sincere presentation. Use comparisons, metaphors, but never offensive ones. If a girl loves sports, then she is “swift, like a doe, “graceful, like an antelope. A creative figure is “subtly sensitive, “in harmony with the surrounding world. And so on, depending on the girl’s character and preferences.

Character– the community of mental traits that make up the figure person. It manifests itself in external actions person: actions, attitude towards surrounding people and objects. In fact, it is unthinkable to define character by any other criterion than behavior.

Instructions

1. The defining specificity of morality is character. Psychologists believe that this trait does not change throughout life, but its intensity may change. The character system is based on the doctrine of 2 types of behavior - introverted and extroverted. Character An introvert is defined by external isolation, a person shuns huge, loud companies, and limits his circle of friends to one or two people. An extrovert, on the contrary, is focused on the outside world, has large number contacts and acquaintances. The peculiarities of his character are expressed in behavior much stronger than that of an introvert, due to the fact that he is not used to hiding feelings and limiting external manifestations.

2. IN Lately some psychologists have begun to identify the 3rd type of behavior - ambivert (Latin ambi - around). A person of this type feels equally comfortable in large and small companies, in front of people and in solitude. His personality may show traits of both an introvert and an extrovert.

3. An extroverted person is prone to impulsive behavior. Depending on the type of character (choleric or sanguine), it differs in a correspondingly higher or lower reaction speed. It is difficult for such people to concentrate on monotonous work. Sanguine people tend to scatter their energy on several things at once and end up giving up everything halfway. Cholerics, for their incontinence, often cause disapproval and irritation among introverts, especially phlegmatic people. The gesticulation of these 2 types is energetic and sweeping.

4. Introverts (phlegmatic and melancholic) at the first meeting create a feeling of calm and balance, because their external manifestations are cautious and almost invisible. Phlegmatic people can be identified by their slowness, even to the point of some lethargy, but for them such behavior is the norm, caused by the need to think about the entire step. In this regard, they feel such hostility towards choleric people, who react to every event instantly, without hesitation or regard to the future. Melancholic people are prone to self-pity, depression and melancholy, but they reveal their experiences only in extreme cases and only to very close friends.

In life, you basically meet new people all day long. This happens both at work and at home. Communication with unknown person It’s always difficult, you don’t know how he might react to your words, how he will behave in one situation or another. According to psychologists, realize character person permitted based on certain external signs, including gait. We believe that knowledge is valued person by the way he walks, he will be suitable for you.

Instructions

1. Characteristic for person the way he moves can tell a lot, even about his sexual preferences. Successful, self-confident people move relaxed and freely. While walking, their body is relaxed, but the step itself is light and springy. Such a person walks with his shoulders straightened, his head slightly raised and his chin slightly forward. Once in bed with you, he will conquer you with his ardor and pressure.

2. A woman who is confident in herself and understands that she is being admired maintains her posture perfectly, with her shoulders slightly lowered, her shoulder blades pulled together and her chest turned out. At the same time, she tries not to turn her body in order to look at something, but limits herself to turning her head. Even if she walks in heels, she moves gracefully and quickly.

3. The gait of the absent-minded and forgetful person, be it a woman or a man, dancing a little. When you look at him, you get the feeling that music that only he can hear is playing in his head, and he is moving at its tempo. It is difficult for such a person to concentrate; he often forgets not only his promises, but also the information that he recently received from you. Traditionally, such people do not delve into the problems of others, choosing to immediately forget about them. In bed, they are busy only with their own experiences and pleasure.

4. A creeping, seemingly uncertain gait with emphasis on the toes can character ize person as modest and not like to draw attention to his person. He is often unsociable, withdrawn, sad, suspicious and taciturn. He is a misanthrope and does not flatter himself at anyone’s expense, is careful with connections and acquaintances, and chooses to begin communication only after receiving advance recommendations. His behavior in bed is rather monotonous and dreary.

5. A measured, unhurried, “floating” gait is characteristic of self-confident, peaceful people. They are intelligent and reasonable and apply these qualities by consistently making informed and thoughtful decisions. Impulsiveness is alien to them, and it is virtually impossible to piss them off. They are often overly conservative and choose a typical genre in both clothing and art. If he is truly in love, then he can be passionate in bed, although even here he will choose regular sex.

6. You yourself can continue this systematization, based on an overview of the behavior and moving habits of your friends. Using these skills, at the very first meeting you will be able to make a judgment about any person, his features character and hobbies.

Video on the topic

The question of the influence of a person’s appearance on his character has been troubling people for a long time. One of the first to try to establish this connection was the German psychiatrist and psychologist Ernest Kretschmer. In accordance with its systematization, it is possible to distinguish three main body types, all of which correspond to a certain socio-psychological type.

Instructions

1. “Picnics” As usual, these are obese people Not tall, owners of short and plump limbs, a round head sitting on a short neck, as well as a wide face with soft features. Typically, people with this body type are cheerful, active, sociable and talkative. They have an excellent sense of humor and easily cope with life's adversities. Despite the fact that people of this type do not bother to gain authority and are indifferent to power, they easily defend their own position. Moreover, they do it calmly and without “losing face.” They are burdened to build their relationships with people according to a certain scheme that is comfortable for them, and they achieve this with ease.

2. “Athletes” These are people with well-developed muscles and skeleton. As usual - medium or tall height. They have a wide chest, strong shoulders, tight hips, and long and dense limbs. The facial bones are convex. “Athletes” have assertiveness and determination. They are leaders and invariably have a desire to dominate. Very energetic and sociable. Athletics need to be in the spotlight. They persistently pursue their goals and do not actually take into account the judgment and feelings of other people. Quite unbalanced and impulsive.

3. “Asthenics” People of the asthenic type usually have a rather fragile physique. They have tight shoulders, long and thin limbs, and an elongated and flat chest. The face of “asthenics” is slightly elongated, and the skin is thin and pale. These people are reserved and uncommunicative. They are prone to contemplation and reflection. Traditionally, they have aristocratic habits. At the same time, “asthenics” are very ambitious and painfully proud. They yearn for recognition and have a hard time coping with failures. This type of people is characterized by such qualities as authority, egocentrism and sensitive coldness.

A person’s character is reflected in his behavior and communication with other people. And the sooner you realize it and consider it, the easier it will be to build a relationship with the figure that worries you.

Instructions

1. Determine your character type. Character is made up of the features of his figure; it influences a person’s behavior. And this is precisely the best indicator. People are divided into two main types - extroverts and introverts. They are easy to identify: an introvert is invariably withdrawn, refuses loud companies, and chooses loneliness. An extrovert is his complete opposite - he loves noise and crowds, is always the center of attention, and is not afraid to show emotions. Having decided on the type, pay attention to its behavior in small details to confirm the correctness of the choice.

2. Introverts are represented by melancholic and phlegmatic people. Both of them will seem at first glance to be peaceful, balanced people. Introverts are closed, closed from prying eyes, and do not show emotions. With subsequent acquaintance, you will notice in them sadness, a depressive mood, they constantly feel sorry for themselves, but will never tell you about it. All these signs belong to melancholic people. But, despite their similar sad state, they will never share their feelings with you. Phlegmatic people are somewhat similar to melancholic people, but they are distinguished by extreme slowness in actions, gait, reasoning and speech. They scrupulously think about the action they are going to take, try to stay at home so as not to be faced with excessive energetic people, which they cannot easily keep up with.

3. Extroverts are sanguine and choleric. Both types are prone to activity and some impulsiveness, they are absent-minded, cannot concentrate on one thing and often refuse monotonous work. Their movements are energetic, somewhat steep. Cholerics are characterized by intemperance and harshness. Sanguine people are easy to consider in relation to business - they are zealous to take on as much as is allowed, they do all the things at once, but as a result they lack energy and they give up everything at once, without completing a single undertaking.

Video on the topic

A sanguine person is an attorney of one of the subtypes of character, characterized by sensitive stability, as well as extroversion of character in terms of communication skills.

Instructions

1. Take a closer look at the character of a sanguine person. If a person has this type of character, then you will certainly see that he is more often than anyone else in great mood. Such a positive attitude is provided to him by sensitive stability on one scale and extroversion of character on another. Extroversion influences mainly in the sense that it allows others to observe the inner optimism of a sanguine person.

2. Pay attention to the behavior of a sanguine person when he is among a large number of people. This person will never get lost in a crowd, even if it is a crowd of people unknown to him. Extroversion of character is also manifested in the fact that a sanguine person does not easily feel comfortable among a large number of people, but also strives to get close to everyone, strives to make a lot of acquaintances, to get to know the whole person, to make him his friend. You will never see a sanguine person alone at any party; he invariably communicates with someone, shares, and gets close to them.

3. Notice how a person with a sanguine disposition behaves in a stressful or conflict situation. The character of a sanguine person allows him to either avoid a conflict situation, or be able to perfectly smooth out corners, skillfully getting out of an arrangement. It is easier for a sanguine person to apologize than to enter into a heated argument, one that could lead to discord. However, this does not mean that a sanguine person is not ready to enter into an argument and retort. A person's character has nothing to do with his mental abilities, interests. A sanguine person will gladly enter into an exciting conversation, however, while a melancholic person will, after losing an argument, become sad, say, the sanguine person will not even notice any trouble.

4. However, think about the fact that a sanguine person will almost never become a close friend to you if you yourself are not the same sanguine person. The fact is that a sanguine person has no need for deep close friendships. He moves from one friend to another, getting along well with all of them, but not becoming attached to any of them. This doesn't mean that if you are an introvert and need one exceptional soulmate, then you don't need to look for one among sanguine people. You just need to be prepared for the fact that the extroverted trait of people with this character will not allow them to limit themselves only to you. Thus, you will have to share your sanguine friend with other people, because his sociability is one of the main traits of his character.

Appearance is business card person. Some people don’t even suspect the feeling they make on others with their outfit. Behavior and the habit of presenting oneself are an integral part of the image of any figure.

It is difficult to answer this question unambiguously. It all depends on the time and place in which you met the person. Remember the film “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears,” where the main character on the train paid attention first of all to the shoes of one of the characters, George. What has changed these days?

Appearance is a mirror of professions and hobbies

When we first see a person, we unconsciously or deliberately evaluate his knowledge of presenting himself with the support of appearance. Many people find it difficult to choose clothes, shoes and hairstyles according to their inner world. The profession leaves its mark on appearance figures. If in front of us is a man in a strict classic suit or a lady dressed formally, then we can conclude that these are office workers with their own dress code. This image makes others realize that they are responsible, meticulous experts. It is for this reason that psychologists advise those who are planning to get a job to choose their wardrobe wisely before appearing for an interview with the employer. And what can we say about the young creature, whose hair, makeup, shoes and clothes you see in permanently black, slightly sinister colors? Positively! Before us is an advocate of the Gothic movement. Clothes, before everyone else, are designed to express uniqueness. Therefore, it is with the color black that the attorney is ready to show others his passion and cordial attitude. This image is highlighted by a figure from the crowd and makes it clear that a person is in search, is ready to change and enter a different tier in his development. Creative figures more often than others use clothes in their wardrobe that differ from generally accepted norms in their originality. And if you add some more to the outfit? various accessories, then the person looks completely strange. The owner of this external image emphasizes its originality. Does the appearance truly help us characterize the figure? That's a moot point. If a person is dressed to the nines, has presentable appearance, this does not mean that he is as thorough and confident as he tries to express it. It happens that such equipment hides a vulnerable, wavering figure. In a different situation, clothing that does not express anything can cause a false impression of a person. But in reality he will turn out to be an extremely extraordinary figure. By the way, many public people can hide from fans in this way.

Addition to appearance

Does the expression of the eyes, excellent posture and graceful gait relate to appearance? Unconditionally, yes. Have you noticed that sometimes a girl dressed in ordinary jeans and a T-shirt calls irresistible desire turn around after her? A light gait, a straight back, an open face and eyes with a sparkle make her invisible. The gestures and facial expressions of people are wonderfully characterized by the figure, showing personal traits person. Dynamic and open people rarely sit on a chair with their legs crossed or their arms clasped across their chest. Closed people tend to isolate themselves from the outside world with such gestures as if signaling: “Stop! Access closed". It is also possible to place emphasis on what characterizes a person’s appearance. This is not only clothes, hairstyle, gait and facial expressions, but also laughter, intonations in the voice and a special look. The main thing is to know that on the subconscious level we tend to feel a person’s energy. If she is warm and friendly, then we will feel it without understanding why this or that person attracted us. It is the internal state of the figure that forces us to sympathize or feel indifference to this individual, regardless of whether he is dressed according to latest fashion or not. Clothes and other components of a person’s external image are significant, but they are assessed only at the initial stage. It happens that the first feeling is false, and a person will open up to us only when he feels sensitive comfort. And we, in turn, will excuse his unattractive jacket and worn-out sneakers.

Trait - This is a stable form of behavior in connection with specific situations typical for a given type of behavior. A trait can be spoken of as a stable characteristic of a person if the probability of its manifestation in a certain situation is quite high. However, probability means that this trait does not always appear, otherwise it would simply be a matter of mechanical behavior. A character trait includes a certain way of thinking and understanding. In the very general view character traits can be divided into basic, leading, setting the general direction for the development of the entire complex of its manifestations, and secondary, determined by the main ones.

Strong-willed human character traits. The group of volitional traits includes those character traits that are associated with manifestations of a person’s will. On the one hand, this includes such character traits as purposefulness, perseverance, determination, confidence, perseverance, the desire to solve assigned problems and overcome obstacles - all these qualities relate to the character of a person who has strong will. On the other hand, character traits that correspond to people with a weak will are also included here. This is spinelessness, compliance, lack of life goals, lack of will, unpredictability, inconsistency, etc.

Business character traits of a person. Business character traits are manifested in the area where human activity is carried out. This could be an attitude towards work, towards one’s responsibilities, towards business or any other type of activity. These character traits can also be attributed to two poles: positive and negative. The positive pole of business traits will correspond to hard work, responsibility, conscientiousness, accuracy, dedication, etc. The negative pole includes: laziness, negligence, irresponsibility, dishonesty, sloppiness, etc.

Communicative character traits of a person. Communicative character traits are those human characteristics that manifest themselves in relationships with other people. The range of this type of human character traits is extremely wide. These are all those properties that are revealed when people communicate with each other. These are honesty and integrity, kindness and unselfishness, responsiveness and gentleness, sociability and attentiveness, modesty and restraint, calmness and rationality. At the same time, these are deceit and anger, callousness and selfishness, isolation and resentment, aggression and neglect, impulsiveness and cunning, rancor and contempt. All this manifests itself through the expression of emotions, through communication with others.

E. Kretschmer identified and described the three most common types of human body structure or constitution, each of which he associated with character types:

1. Asthenic type characterized by a small body thickness in profile with average or above average height. An asthenic person is usually a thin and thin person, who, because of his thinness, seems somewhat taller than he actually is. An asthenic person has thin skin on the face and body, narrow shoulders, thin arms, elongated and flat chest with underdeveloped muscles and weak fat deposits. This is basically the characteristic of asthenic men. Women of this type, in addition, are often short.

2. Athletic type characterized by a highly developed skeleton and muscles. Such a person is usually of medium or tall height, with broad shoulders, powerful chest. He has a dense, high head.

3. Picnic type characterized by highly developed internal body cavities (head, chest, abdomen), a tendency to obesity with underdeveloped muscles and the musculoskeletal system. Such a person is of average height with a short neck sitting between the shoulders.

Asthenic and athletic types are distinguished by aristocracy, subtlety of feelings, aloofness, coldness, selfishness, authority, dryness, and lack of emotions.

The picnic type is characterized by cheerfulness, talkativeness, carelessness, sincerity, energy, and an easy perception of life.

Character types. As shown above, there is a large number of character traits, each of which, to one degree or another, may be present or absent in a person. In connection with such diversity, it is clear that it is quite difficult to identify character types, since different people they are completely different. Nevertheless, in psychology there are various typologies of characters, which are based on one fact: the set of traits that is included in the structure of a person’s character is not random. All human character traits form very specific combinations, which make it possible to distinguish the types of people’s characters.

One example of classifying characters by type is their division into extroverts and introverts. The basis for this classification of character types is the predominance of external or internal interests in a person’s life. Extraversion and introversion how character types are manifested through a person’s openness or closedness in relation to the world around him and the people around him.

Personality type: extrovert. The extrovert character type corresponds to sociable people who clearly show interest in the outside world, in everything that happens around them. Usually these people are active, energetic, and inquisitive. They live by what surrounds them, their world is connected with what is around them. The life of people with this type of character is determined by their external interests, by the events that occur in the outside world. For an extrovert, the external world is higher than his internal subjective state.

Personality type: introvert. The introvert character type is characteristic of closed people whose attention is directed to themselves, to their own internal mental experiences. Such a person usually sooner or later becomes the sole center of his own interests. People with an introverted personality type put their individual inner world above what is happening in the world around them. They often exhibit character traits such as aloofness, detachment, and anxiety. At the same time, these are usually independent and practical individuals, whose lives are based on the dynamics of their own internal mental state.

As mentioned above, there are many other selection options various types characters. There is no single strict classification here - the variety of character traits, the formation of which begins in early childhood, is too great.

The second typology, the founder of which is C. Jung, connects characters with the orientation of the individual and identifies a number of psychosociotypes. A psychosociotype, from the point of view of K. Jung, is an innate mental structure that determines a specific type of information exchange between a person and the environment.

K. Jung identifies four types of character:

1. Extrovert - introvert;

2. Rationalistic - irrationalistic;

3. Thinking (logical) - emotional;

4. Sensing (sensory) - intuitive.

Each of these four types can be combined with any other, forming new character types.

Recently, a typology of character has become widespread, linking its characteristics with accentuation - the excessive expression of individual character traits and aggregates. (K. Leongard, A. E. Lichko, etc.)

Psychologists call character a combination of personality traits that determine its behavior. You can make many lists of human character traits. If two people are given the task of characterizing a third person, their lists will differ from each other. People don't think about how character affects their successes or failures. But, considering the individual qualities that make up character, it is easy to understand how they affect the personality as a whole. A person’s character traits develop depending on the type of nervous activity, heredity, and upbringing environment. They are formed throughout life. The predominance of certain traits determines a person’s lifestyle.

Human character traits: list

Many psychologists divide all character traits into 4 main groups:

• Attitude towards others;
• Attitude towards yourself;
• Attitude to material values;
• Attitude to work.

Within each group, many qualities can be identified.

For example, a list of traits of the “attitude towards others” group:

• compassion;

• respect;
• reliability;
• flexibility;
• politeness;
• the ability to forgive;
• generosity;
• Gratitude;
• hospitality;
• justice;
• meekness;
• obedience;
• loyalty;

• sincerity;
• tolerance;
• truthfulness.

Character traits: list of the “attitude towards oneself” group:

• Caution;
• Contentment (understanding that true happiness does not depend on material conditions);
• Creation;
• Determination;

• Courage;
• Attentiveness;
• Endurance;
• Faith;
• Honor;
• Initiative;
• Self-control.

“Attitude towards material values” can be characterized by the following qualities:

• Thrift;
• Organization;
• Generosity;
• Wisdom.

“Attitude to work” demonstrates the following character traits:

• Hard work;
• Enthusiasm;
• Initiative;
• Punctuality;

Psychologists also classify character traits according to volitional, emotional and intellectual characteristics. Personality properties appear in combinations. For example, kindness, generosity and hospitality are usually characteristic of the same person. When characterizing a person, others highlight leading features or a set of features. By saying, “He's a kind and sincere guy,” or “She's lazy and disorganized,” people make a point. This doesn't mean that a lazy girl can't be kind and honest. It’s just that these traits do not predominate in her behavior.

Positive and negative character traits

For harmonious interaction in all four spheres (with society, material assets, work and himself) a person must demonstrate his best qualities and minimize the worst. It is traditional to highlight “pros” and “cons” in personality characteristics. Every positive trait has its opposite. Even children easily name antonyms: “good - evil”, “hardworking - lazy”, etc. Determine unambiguously positive features character is difficult. For example, for the professions of a teacher, salesperson, doctor, and waiter, such traits as goodwill, politeness, and tolerance are important. These qualities are not essential for the work of a programmer, accountant, or draftsman, who more require organization, punctuality, and responsibility.

There is a special concept of “professional character traits”. A clearly expressed quality suitable for a particular job helps a person achieve great professional success. At the same time, character is formed throughout life. The profession leaves its mark on the personality. Therefore, when they say “he is an exemplary policeman,” everyone understands that we are talking about a disciplined, courageous, and fair person. The expression “teacher from God” means a kind, wise, tolerant person. A person who dreams of a good career must develop the best qualities of his profession.

Good character traits can also be controversial in the everyday sense. Being generous is good, but if, because of generosity, a person gives away necessary property, his family and himself suffer. Obedience, for which a child is praised at home and in kindergarten, can be detrimental to him and form a weak-willed, passive personality.

Much simpler people understand negative traits character. We can say that these qualities are universal. Anger, envy, deceit, laziness, and greed are included in the list of mortal sins of Christians. But such properties are perceived negatively by people of all faiths. Muslims consider hypocrisy to be the worst sin. Hypocrites are equally disliked in all countries and among all peoples. Negative character traits of a person, if they appear in combination, make the person very unattractive to others. Negative characters are quarrelsome neighbors, quarrelsome colleagues, evil relatives. These are the people who brought negative sides his nature to the extreme.

Every person is to a certain extent deceitful, envious, and quick-tempered, but reasonable people try not to demonstrate their negative qualities to others. Negative sides character can be adjusted. If others often say: “You are too rude,” “It’s difficult to communicate with you because of your arrogance,” you need to draw conclusions and start working on yourself. Psychologists advise writing down the negative qualities of your character on a piece of paper and working with each one individually. For example, you can remember among your friends a person who behaves exactly the opposite of you - not rude, but correct, not quick-tempered, but patient. You need to imagine yourself in a certain situation in the place of this person. At the same time, it is important to conjure up a real picture and real emotions. Such psycho-emotional training helps to reconfigure behavior and develop the desired quality in oneself.

Adaptation of character to society

Any culture, people and civilizations have certain frameworks of behavior. A person cannot exist outside of society. From childhood, the child has to adapt to the requirements of the environment - the family, kindergarten, schools. An adult is influenced by many social forces, from spouses to politics, religion, social class. A person’s character inevitably adapts to the demands of society. At the same time, many natural inclinations of the individual are put under pressure.

History knows many examples when brilliantly gifted people came into conflict with their environment due to the inability to lead the lifestyle that their nature required. At the same time, social norms allow a person to lead safe life in the society around him. Such social character traits as loyalty, tolerance, and politeness allow painless contact with others. Rejection of social norms, primarily laws and morals, creates an asocial personality.

IN modern psychology there is the term “national character traits”. Each nation forms among its representatives certain common, typical features behavior. For example:

• Peoples Northern Europe and Americans are self-confident, honest, practical, persistent, and freedom-loving. The conservatism and subtle humor of the British, the punctuality of the Germans, and the taciturnity of the Scandinavians are well known.
• Residents of Southern Europe and Latin America energetic, temperamental, emotional, cheerful, sensual. A romantic Italian, a passionate Spanish woman, a charming French woman, restless Brazilians - there is a lot of reality in these stereotypes;

• Representatives of Eastern Europe(Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Poles, Czechs) love constancy, are magnanimous, generous, selfless, sympathetic, prone to repentance and forgiveness. The widespread stereotype of the “mysterious Russian soul” has many foundations.
• The peoples of the East are much more respectful of parents and, in general, elders than Europeans. Eastern societies, much more than European ones, are characterized by hospitality, family honor, dignity, modesty, goodwill, and tolerance.

Traits of a social nature are inextricably linked with religious norms. The standards of Christian morality include the following qualities:

• Lack of envy;
• Chastity;
• Meekness;
• Generosity;
• Sociability;
• Compassion.

The influence of religious culture in the history of society is very strong. Even modern atheists European countries consider best property Personality's main Christian value is love for people.

Islamic society creates the following traits in people:

• Respect for elders;
• Hospitality;
• Modesty;
• Courage;
• Humility.

Characteristics of men and women

Plays a huge role in character formation gender person. Not only gender characteristics develop certain qualities, but also public opinion. Standard character traits of a man:

• Leadership;
• Ability to protect;
• Inner strength;
• Reliability;
• Loyalty;

Women are guided more by intuition and feelings than by reason; they are more talkative, gentle in communication, and cunning. Of course, in most cases, women and men correspond to their gender characteristics. But it has not yet been studied in detail what influences the formation of gender traits more - nature or nurture. Often men and women have to fulfill the role that society imposes on them. For example, medieval society ordered a woman to be modest and obedient to her parents and husband. Modernity requires more independence from women.

The world is full of men and women who do not fit the accepted characteristics. Many girls have leadership and organizational skills. And, conversely, a large number of men are delicate, non-aggressive and emotional.

At what age is character formed?

Any mother who has raised several children will say that all her babies were completely different from infancy. Even infants react differently to food, bathing, and play. There are temperamental, noisy babies, and there are quiet and inactive ones. Heredity plays a role here, as well as natural temperament, which depends on physique, health and upbringing conditions.

A child's character traits develop under the influence, first of all, of the family. Responsible loving parents already at the age of three or four years they can see what type of temperament the child has by nature: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic or melancholic. Depending on innate qualities, a positive, socially acceptable character can be formed. If there is no love and attention for children in a family, they are less likely to grow up friendly and hardworking. On the other hand, the examples of many outstanding politicians, writers, and artists who grew up in disadvantaged conditions confirm the importance of innate character traits and self-education.

Was last modified: August 2nd, 2016 by Elena Pogodaeva

Instructions

First you need to tune in to objectivity. A person has a subjective opinion about himself. Consciously or not, everyone slightly exaggerates or understates this or that quality. If there is no objectivity in the description, then it is worthless. Try to describe sincerely, try to look at yourself from the outside.

Actually, character refers to certain traits. First of all, we describe our attitude towards others. How do you relate to others? Indifferent, or vice versa, you are very sensitive to the events that happen to people. Maybe you think they are useless. We describe everything that may indicate your attitude towards others.

Next, we describe your attitude to things. How thrifty are you with your own and other people’s things? Do you like decorations? Do you have a tendency towards kleptomania? Do you value gifts? Describe the role things play in your life.

Now let's move on to character traits that relate directly to your inner world. This is done last, because after the previous descriptions, you can clearly imagine the picture of your inner world. We describe our nature. Are you angry or good-natured, do you have a tendency to hold grudges? Can you insult me ​​or hit me? What role does religion play in your life, how religious are you? Describe your attitude towards opposite sex. Whether you are romantic or not. By following these instructions, you will be able to objectively describe your character.

Sources:

• describe your character

Describing a painting is a popular skill development exercise. writing and observation. But in order to creative work turned out to be interesting, with clear reasoning and logic related elements text, the essay must be structured according to a certain plan.

Instructions

Introductory part.

Sometimes the teacher requires that the description begin not only with the title, but also with short biography artist. If you don’t need to write about the artist, then the emotional perception of the viewer serves as the starting point. The student answers the question: “What do I feel when I look at this picture?” He can write: “This picture emanates melancholy and hopelessness. You inevitably admire these barge haulers, but at the same time you feel sorry for them.” Three or four sentences of emotions and reasoning - and you can move on to what is depicted in the foreground of the picture.

Foreground.

These are the brightest and most colorful characters, the characteristic details of the landscape. Even in a portrait there are objects that attract the viewer's attention. For example, the smile of the Mona Lisa. Absolutely, if a schoolchild writes: “My attention was immediately attracted by two people who are pulling the strap of a barge. They are dressed in rags, their hair is disheveled.” it will be easier if the child marks with his gaze (or pencil) the most bright moments paintings and ask yourself the question: “What is this?” From these answers-sentences to prose, compose a coherent story.

Second plan.

These are details and elements that seem to support main topic paintings. By describing them, you can be observant. See a fallen thing, a dog, an inscription on a boat. We can talk about the mood they evoke in the viewer. It is possible to describe the type of relationships in which people from different planes of the picture find themselves. For example, in "Again" the central figure is a guilty boy. Him, mom and dog express unambiguous emotions. You can describe these emotions (the mother has sincere grief, the sister has disapproval, the dog has - she loves her owner in any way). One can imagine what kind of dialogues could take place between the characters.

“As many people as there are so many characters,” you can often hear. And this is actually true, there are no two absolutely identical people on earth. People have different worldview systems, principles, hobbies and values, and react differently to certain external stimuli and events. determines his personal actions, from which his whole life is composed.

Scientists and psychologists call a person’s character an individual combination of certain personality traits that determine his attitude towards the entire environment and are manifested in his actions.

Character(Greek χαρακτηρ - sign, distinguishing feature, sign) is a structure of persistent, relatively permanent mental properties that determine the characteristics of a person’s behavior and relationships.

IN scientific literature According to psychology, there are several criteria that determine a person’s character types. We will only consider the main ones.

The most popular character typology proposed by the famous German psychologist E. Kretschmer, therefore person's character depends on his physique. Kretschmer described the main three types of human physique and the corresponding character types:

Jung's character classification

Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist Carl Gustav Jung developed his own, which is based on the dominant mental functions(sensations, intuition, feeling and thinking). He classified all people according to the predominance of the internal or external world (introverted and extroverted types).

1. An introvert is a closed, internally focused thinker, turned inward, a person fenced off from the entire world around him, carefully analyzing all events, while suspecting everyone of contradictory actions. He has very few friends, because it is very difficult for him to make new contacts, he is closer to loneliness, and he does not change his own habits. An introvert is a very suspicious person with a high degree of anxiety; he listens to his feelings and values ​​his health.
2. Extrovert - straight, open man, extremely sociable, active and understandable to everyone, he has many acquaintances and friends, he cannot stand loneliness, has little interest in his own health, loves to travel, and tries to get the most out of life. He becomes the soul of the company, is the initiator different meetings and parties, likes to tell jokes, Everyday life focuses not on subjective opinion, but on circumstances.

The connection between human character and temperament

Peculiarities of different temperaments can help a person understand character traits if they are pronounced, but people with pronounced certain temperaments are quite rare, most often found mixed temperament V varying degrees expressiveness. But the predominance of any type of temperament can help determine person's character type.

There is a huge amount classifications of character types a person, it’s even better to say, attempts to systematize all the knowledge and psychology of his behavior, but none of them can be so deep and so effective. Because every person, going through periods of developing certain characters in his life, collects them all in himself in order to live as an individual for the rest of his life.

If you find it difficult to determine your character type, then various ones that are designed just for this can help you.