SPARIDES
sargus sargus
sargus rondeletti
sargus annularis
charax puntazzo
cantharus lineatus
dentex dentex
pagrus pagrus
aurata aurata
pagellus controdontus
pagellus erithrinus
pagellus mormyrus
oblada melanura
box salpa
box boops

MAENIDES
maena vulgaris
smaris vulgaris

LABRIDES
labrus viridis
labrus turdus
labrus mixtus
crenilabrus pavo
julis vulgaris

POMACENTRIDES
chromis castanea

MUGILDES
mugil cephalus

MULLIDES
mullus surmuletus
mullus barbatus

SCORPAENIDES
scorpaena porcus
scorpaena scrota

Apogon
giant perch
measure
cabrilla
rock perch
serran
laurel
light croaker
sea ​​eagle
dark croaker
antias

White weasel
striped weasel
sea ​​carp
zubarik
kantar
snagrida
pagrus
dorada
sea ​​bream
golden bream
mormir
possessed
salpa
boops

Mena
smarida

Grouse
sea ​​thrush
sea ​​parrot
lapina
naval cadet

Sea swallow

Loban

Striped red mullet
red mullet, sultanka

Sea ruff, scorpion fish
golden ruff

1615 rub

Winter fishing rod "SWD" with an open reel is made in the Scandinavian style. The carbon whip is completed with a tulip. The neoprene handle provides a secure and comfortable grip.

Coil diameter: 5.8 cm.
Handle length: 6.5 cm.

268 rub

Thermal underwear "Silver Penguin" containing PROLEN polypropylene threads is excellent for:
practicing various sports (mountaineering, skiing, travel, ice climbing, paragliding, surfing, caving, parachuting, aeronautics, snowboarding, skateboarding, rock climbing, roller skating, triathlon, etc.)
hunters, fishermen, divers, sailors, tourists
active rest(gardening and summer cottage work), as well as for everyday wear in the cold season.

Convenience, wearing comfort, modern colors and lightness of products are achieved due to the specific positive properties of PROLEN polypropylene yarns, namely:
the maximum rate of sweat removal from the body surface (wick effect) into the next layers of the product
creation of an optimal microclimate for the skin due to the highest thermal insulation properties of PP PROLEN
the smallest proportion of moisture on the surface of the thread (equilibrium at 60% relative humidity 20 ° C = 0.01%)
chemical composition PROLEN thread prevents the growth of fungi and bacteria on its surface
PP thread PROLEN does not cause allergic skin reactions
high thermal and color fastness of the threads; low specific gravity makes products lightweight
PROLEN thread included in PP products helps to remove electrostatic charge
when finishing products, thermal energy is saved, and when caring for products - detergents.

1933 rub

Spoon Mepps Aglia Tw Streamer - the new kind lures equipped with a handmade streamer on a tackle consisting of a tee and a single hook. These lures work best when using light rods and reels in conjunction with a thin line for a fisherman with the ability to cast long lures. The lure shows itself well when driving at a moderate speed (in a fast current, it is enough to hold the bait in one place). The vibration generated by the rotation of the petal causes the complex movements of the streamer to flawlessly attract fish. The effectiveness of the luring effect is enhanced by the vibration of the body of the spoon. The streamer is connected to the front single hook and tail tee through a flexible axle. It is woven from fibers of more than ten different colors. Especially prominent are the eyes, gills of bright red color, small sparkles all over the body and the lateral line.

475 rub

Danger - Sun:

The main source of danger in the Greek seas is…. Sun. Don't laugh, it gets sick hundreds of times from sunstroke and overheating more people than from any others " natural hazards". The Greek thermonuclear sun, especially for those unaccustomed to it in the north, can cause a lot of problems. What to do and how to behave in the heat, and what food to eat you can read. And in addition to this material, I will note a few basic rules:

1. Try not to go out in the sun at noon or 3-4 hours after it.
2. Use sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.
3. In addition to sunscreen, don't forget about the panama hat, T-shirt, and sunglasses. For the latter, try to use high quality glasses with 100% UV protection. By the way, in any Greek optician store, you can check for free whether your glasses really protect, as it was written on the label, or if you come across a fake.
4. Keep children out of direct sunlight. Exposing a child to the sun without protection can lead to serious illnesses in the future. Under the age of 3 years, exposure of the child to the sun is not recommended.
5. Drink plenty of water. The minimum required to maintain a normal water balance in the body is 1.9 liters of water per day at an average air temperature of 26 degrees, 3 liters - at 32 degrees to 4 liters at 35(and this is not uncommon in Greece). I also recommend reading what to drink and what not to drink.

Danger - marine fauna

“The most important principle of behavior with unknown representatives of plant, animal and underwater world- do not disturb. They have their own life, in which they may well stand up for themselves in response to any action that is regarded as a threat. Better to enjoy your vacation in an idyll with nature! "

There are only a few dangerous inhabitants in the Mediterranean that can harm humans, in any case, much less than in tropical seas. The threat to meet a shark is so rare that for many years no one of the Mediterranean Sea areas, even in the most secluded corners of it, saw a single one (except from the mouths of fishermen and "yellow press" reporters). However, sometimes even completely harmless-looking animals can pose a danger to humans.
We will not exaggerate this danger, but nevertheless we will try to acquaint you with the problems that may arise if you are in too close contact with marine life.
Marine life is of considerable interest to vacationers. It is always very funny to watch them, but do not forget that some underwater inhabitants can cause us very significant harm: injure, bite or inject poison.
Whether you will face this scourge during your vacation or not is unknown. In any case, you need to know the enemy by sight.

Danger - Sea urchins:

The second place of honor on the Greek beaches is occupied by sea ​​urchins. Here they are called - akhina (αχινού). On the "cultural" beaches, these "hedgehogs" are quite difficult to meet, but it is worth moving outside the "cultivated" zone and they are right there. Meetings with sea ​​urchins with unpleasant consequences for both sides, unfortunately, it is not uncommon. Mediterranean sea with salty and warm water- just heaven for hedgehogs... They often form large clusters on inclined rock surfaces, starting in the shallowest coastal waters. A careless bather climbing ashore or wandering over rocks along the water's edge runs the risk of stepping on, or even grabbing hold of a sea urchin with his hand. The author of this material has repeatedly dealt with these creatures and even stepped on them several times. The "pleasure" of this was something else….

Prevention: In the habitat of hedgehogs, it is best to enter the water in rubber slippers. The approximate cost of bathing shoes is 5-15 € per pair, while the author recommends choosing products with a sole thickness of at least 1 centimeter. If you think that wearing fins on your feet will allow you to boldly step on these "cute animals", I will disappoint you. I checked it personally - the needles of the sea urchin calmly pierce even the plastic soles of the fins. And it's not worth talking about rubber. So, it's better to go around or swim by. By the way, swimming in shallow water, you can catch the "hedgehogs" not only with your foot, but also with other parts of the body.

What to do: the best cure for hedgehogs is vigilance! Before entering the sea in an unfamiliar place, take a closer look, since the water is clear, the black dots of the hedgehogs are clearly visible.

If contact with a hedgehog could not be avoided, most likely you will have to consult a doctor. Fortunately, first aid in public hospitals is free.

If for some reason you cannot get to the hospital, then: remember - the hedgehog's thorns are very sharp and at the same time fragile. They easily pierce the body and then break off just as easily. It is quite difficult to pull out the debris, and since there is no need to talk about the sterility of hedgehog thorns, the affected area can fester. Sometimes the wound heals, and the broken thorn remains in the body, from where it can come out (and maybe remain in the body forever) after a few years.

• soak your leg in very hot water (but don't overdo it, not until it burns!), and then try to pull out the needle.
• Regularly treat the wound with antiseptics and carefully monitor so that suppuration does not start.

The local recipe is to grease the damaged area with olive oil (read cream or petroleum jelly) and gradually squeeze out the thorns. I checked it on myself - it WORKS !!!

Local pharmacies also sell special tweezers for pulling out sea urchins and a special ointment. By the way, I recommend using it for any contact and biting or prickly inhabitants of the sea, and it also helps against mosquito and mosquito bites.

Danger -Jellyfish:

In third place in terms of the frequency of "natural problems" in the Greek seas are jellyfish.
In the Greek seas, poisonous jellyfish practically do not come across (except that they accidentally sail from the Atlantic or the Red Sea), most of those who can get you sting are not stronger than nettles and the mucus secreted by them is harmful only if it gets into the eyes. An especially unpleasant meeting with a purple jellyfish - the thunderstorm of the Adriatic is named Pelagije nocticulice. Seeing the purple back, better go around the jellyfish.
Touching the tentacles of the jellyfish causes a burn that will go away in a few days or weeks.

Prevention: It is almost impossible to avoid drifting wire cutters. But it is known for sure that they are washed ashore after a storm. A special Israeli anti-jelly lotion SafeSea, acting as a mosquito repellent or its analogue Bites Reliever, will help to avoid accidental contact.

How to be: Touching the tentacles of a jellyfish causes a burn that looks like a nettle.

First, you need to remove the remnants of the tentacles from the skin; do not rinse the damaged area with water - neither salt nor fresh. Sea water will revive withered stinging cells, and when fresh water hits them, they burst, profusely exuding poison. The affected area can be smeared with food vinegar, alcohol, or Bites Reliever, a specially goodbye ammonium pencil. In the future, lubricate the affected area with a special ointment Fusidin (antibiotic). In severe cases, an injection of a pain reliever may be needed.

Danger - Octopuses:

It is only in the movies that huge octopuses attack people and sink ships. In fact, specimens more than 3 meters long and weighing more than 30 kg are never found in the Mediterranean Sea. The real cephalopods, which you can come across are undergrowths up to 30 cm long and weighing up to 2 kilograms. However, they never do not attack people and generally carefully hide from them. In case of an accidental meeting, such a "giant" (if he could not escape) would only release an ink cloud and threateningly wave its tentacles - beware, they say!

What is the danger of an octopus for humans?

The worst thing about a cephalopod is its appearance. By nature, he is very timid and when a diver or scuba diver approaches, he usually hides under stones. True, cases of an octopus attacking a person are extremely rare. This can happen to a diver when inspecting the hold or cabin of a sunken ship where he is hiding cephalopod... He has nowhere to go and he, defending himself, involuntarily attacks a person. Therefore, inexperienced divers in areas where octopuses are found should avoid grottoes and underwater caves, which usually serve as shelter for animals. There is a danger, albeit a small one, that, having penetrated into such a cave, the diver will be caught by an octopus if its tentacles can hold onto the smooth surface of the diving suit. Once in a similar situation, the scuba diver should not panic - he has a knife, and this is a fairly reliable weapon in case of an octopus attack. One should not start the fight by cutting off the tentacles. For the fastest release from the "embrace" of the octopus, diving experts recommend striking its brain, located between the eyes. Until the nerve center is destroyed, the suckers and tentacles of the octopus will act, no matter what wounds are inflicted on it.

A more real danger is octopus venom. The octopus's mouth is equipped with two powerful chitinous jaws, shaped like a parrot's beak. With them, the cephalopod mollusk bites its prey, holding it with suckers. At the same time, the poison salivary glands from the throat and mouth into the wound. The bite of the beak leaves little damage, but because saliva prevents blood from clotting, bleeding can be quite prolonged. The severity of the lesion depends on the type of octopus and, apparently, on its size. The first signs of poisoning: stabbing pain and burning at the site of the bite. Subsequently, these sensations extend to the entire limb. The tissue around the wound is swollen. When the poison is sucked into the blood, breathing becomes difficult, the voice weakens, and the body temperature rises. As a rule, recovery occurs in 3-4 weeks.

How to be: If you are bitten, call a doctor, and before he arrives, try simply urinating on the site of the bite. Don't laugh - the remedy proven for centuries turns out to be very effective, well, at least, it will help you avoid more serious consequences.

Video Russian tourists talking with octopuses:

Dangers: Fish:

Girls, that is, fish, are different - yellow, white, red. Of the fish in the seas surrounding Greece, only the stingray stingray ( catfish) which, although not particularly poisonous, is always ready to strike with a spiked tail - a lacerated wound with stuck needles and light poisoning are provided. The difficulty is that the stingray often buries itself in the sand and it is easy to mistake it for an ordinary pebble. Well, Scorpena, or sea ruff, is not at all pleasant, meeting with which can put you in a hospital bed for several days .. But the following fish, although they are much less common, can bring much bigger problems.

Sea Dragons (Trachinus)

- bottom fish with an elongated body, no more than 45 cm long. They belong to the Trachinidae family and are one of the most poisonous fish in the temperate zone. They live mainly in bays and coves with an even sandy or muddy bottom and usually burrow into soft ground so that only the upper part of the head, mouth, eyes and dorsal fin spines are visible. Their lower jaw is longer than the upper one; the mouth with small conical teeth is directed obliquely upwards. The eyes are on the top of the head. These fish have two dorsal fins: the first is short, of 5-7 spines, the second dorsal and anal are long, each with 21-24 rays. When the dragon lies half-buried in the ground, this black fin is clearly visible at a considerable distance. If the fish is irritated, the gill covers are spread apart, the fin rises and unfolds, which serves as a warning to the predator. The dragon can instantly jump out of its hiding place and, with unerring accuracy, plunge the poisoned spine of the gill cover into the intended object.
The long sharp spines of the operculums and the first dorsal fin are covered with skin, only their tips protrude. The thorns have deep grooves. In these furrows and at the base of the thorns are poisonous glands. There is no duct for the poison. Probably, when pricked with a thorn, the glandular cells rupture, the poison is released and along the grooves is introduced into the wound like a syringe needle. Whelp venom is very powerful. Like the venom of some snakes, it acts as a neurotoxin and a hemotoxin. When a poisonous thorn is injected, excruciating, sharp, burning or stabbing pain occurs, which, without treatment, continues for several hours or even a whole day. The affected limb becomes inflamed and severely swollen. Other symptoms included loss of consciousness, palpitations, slow heart rate, fever, headaches, delirium, severe vomiting, convulsions, and shortness of breath. In severe cases, death can occur. Morphine usually does not provide relief.
Due to the hidden lifestyle, aggressiveness and highly developed poisonous apparatus, dragons are very dangerous for everyone who swims near the shore, dives or wanders barefoot in shallow water, for fishermen and amateur fishermen.
Never, under any circumstances, pick up a live dragon. Even a dead dragon must be handled very carefully so as not to be pricked by its thorn, which can inflict dangerous wounds.

By the way, according to local residents, the dragon may find itself in the sand far from the coast. They get there in this way: seagulls, catch them out of the water, eat tasty and safe parts, throw the remains where necessary. Even a dead fish, as mentioned above, remains poisonous for several days.

How to be: If you receive a poisonous injection, you should immediately seek professional medical attention. It is recommended to inject a few drops of 5% potassium permanganate solution with a syringe into the wound to destroy the poison. This provides immediate pain relief and prevents inflammation. If this was not done immediately and inflammation began, cooling lotions or hot poultices should be used. It may take several months to heal completely. The damaged part of the body must be immersed in a very hot water, which only you can endure, and dissolve some oxidizing substance in water, for example, potassium permanganate, which neutralizes the poison. In addition, cardiac analeptics and adrenaline with cortisone are prescribed to the victim.

Danger - contamination of the environment:

Finally, pollution the environment... Although Greek beaches are considered to be some of the cleanest in the world, this is not the case for all beaches. Many beaches - especially within the Athenian metropolis, as well as near cities and towns, can be dangerous due to the presence of debris, broken glass and all kinds of sharp and cutting objects in the sand. If you or your loved ones are "unlucky" to cut your leg or other body part on the beach with glass, First, make sure that there is no glass or other foreign object in the wound.
If not, then the wound needs to be treated: rinse with water, hydrogen peroxide (alcohol or alcohol-containing liquid), lubricate with iodine (in Greece it is called "Betadine") and bandage.
If you are worried about it, go to the hospital. Maybe doctors decide what suture is required.

Danger - Snakes:

On land, the dangers are much less. There is only one in the country venomous species snakes (viper, "fedi" in Greek), bites of which are easily parried with anti-venin. Local scorpions ("scorpions") are nocturnal inhabitants and rarely catch the eye of a tourist, but they like to sit on dry stone walls of houses and rocks, where the daytime heat remains for a long time. When walking on rough terrain with an abundance of bushes, you should wear boots with socks and long trousers and in no case stick your hands in crevices and holes.

Danger -Insects:

In some mountain-forest areas there are a lot of ticks, therefore, here protection measures against them, however - as well as against any other blood-sucking insects, will not be superfluous. V recent times There is evidence of local Lyme disease infection of local ticks, but due to the small number of tourists in the interior of the country, reliable statistics are still lacking.

Local mosquitoes ("kunupia", "kunupya") are not carriers of malaria, and traditional repellents are quite enough to protect them from them - in most cases, screens on the windows are not even required. However, when traveling in Aetolia, Acarnania, Thesprotia, the western regions of Elis and Attica, you should choose accommodation with screens on the windows and even doors. The more dangerous Asian mosquito (Aedes albopictus), which spreads several viruses at once, lives in some mountainous areas in the north and west of the country. Therefore, here, in addition to denser clothes and nets on the windows, it is necessary to provide for the presence of repellents. Sand fleas, active at night on many beaches, can also spread leishmaniasis and other dangerous infections, but due to the small number of sandy beaches themselves, this danger is not very relevant (however, repellents are quite effective against them as well).

Bees and especially wasps, which are quite active from August to October, usually cause much more trouble. They curl around tables and glasses of liquid, get into the eyes, clog under helmets, and are generally very annoying. There are no universally recognized remedies for these insects, but the Greeks themselves use the smoke of burning coffee beans or simply dried coffee grounds quite effectively. For pain relief from bites, it is best to use aspivenin available from any local pharmacy.

Danger - Flora:

There are practically no poisonous plants on the territory of the country, except for wild figs, the "milk" of which can cause moderate skin damage (parried with lemon juice, followed by rubbing olive oil). But there are quite a few sources of allergens, starting with mountain pine (April-May) and ending with numerous cereals (from April to June). There is a wide variety of antihistamines available at local pharmacies, but it is best to have some stock with you (especially if you don’t know the local drug names).

My leg cramped Pinch an arm or leg as hard as possible, press very hard and hard on the site of the cramp thumb... Try to straighten your cramped leg with your hands. Inhale deeply and exhale several times to improve blood flow.

How to avoid. Do not swim in cold water for a long time. Having heated up in the sun, do not dive into the water immediately: the sharp temperature drop provokes convulsions.

Choked Most often, children involuntarily swallow water. Bend the baby over your knee so that the head is below the buttocks, tap on the back so that he clears his throat. If the child has lost a lot of strength, lay him on his side.

How to avoid. Make sure that the child stays on the surface of the water.

Sunstroke If a person suddenly feels unwell, there are headache, lethargy, it became difficult to breathe - he overheated in the sun. The victim must be taken to the shade, covered with a wet towel or put on a cool compress on his head, create a stream of air (fan with a hat or newspaper). Then call an ambulance.

How to avoid. Relax in the shade of a tree or a beach umbrella, wear a hat, drink still water. Most often, sunstroke affects babies under one year old, people with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases, hypertensive patients and those who are overweight.

Poisoning The first signs are weakness and nausea, headache, diarrhea. It is necessary to rinse the stomach by drinking immediately in quick sips 2-3 liters of boiled water. Then you need to induce vomiting. And so three or four times. If possible, consult a doctor. Calcium gluconate will strengthen the stomach lining and reduce allergic reaction(usually the drug is taken 3 times a day).

How to avoid. Pay attention to the shelf life of the product and the appearance of the place where you buy food.

Cut by the glass This is the most common injury among amateurs. sea ​​recreation... Flush the cut clean water, if you have vodka, cologne on hand, you can treat the wound with them. Then apply a clean bandage. To do this, it is better to have a bandage or at least a clean handkerchief with you.

How to avoid. Choose the “right” beach. If there is garbage and broken bottles on the shore, then the water will be the same. In unsafe places, do not go barefoot and swim in special rubber slippers.

Banana ride This marine entertainment is often a source of injury. Sometimes "bananas" turn over, some "drivers" do it on purpose - without warning. On the beach, as a rule, they ride on catamarans, jet skis, boats, etc. at the same time - collisions occur. Victims of water sports with fractures and wounds are often brought to spa hospitals.

How to avoid. Do not neglect the lifejacket, fasten it carefully. If you are afraid of depth, then this entertainment is not for you.

Children's safety rules
1. Never leave your child alone in water.

2. Locate the resting place in the shade.

3. Buy your baby bright clothes, a panama hat. In case of danger, you will quickly find your child.

4. Do not leave your child in a wet bathing suit, so as not to catch a cold.

5. It is better to have inflatable rings with different inflatable sections - if one deflates, the others will keep the child afloat.

A little about medical assistance and rescue services in Greece.

The emergency phone number is 112 or 199.
Remember, in Greece there is no special rescue service, its functions are performed by local firefighters. Often they do not know or do not know how to provide first aid, since last years almost everyone was recruited into this service. In any case, call 199 (112) and try to report (in English or Greek) that something has happened to you. If anything, they will call an ambulance on their own.

Perhaps this phrasebook will help you find a common language with your doctor:

The topic "At the doctor's"
Στο γιατρό

• Telephones: first aid, emergency services, road assistance
• Embassies and consulates of countries the former USSR in Greece

Mediterranean Sea- the cradle of humanity! Powerful and great civilizations originated on the Mediterranean coasts, on the ruins of which the modern world has developed and flourished.

Its area can easily absorb Western Europe, color - to surprise with beauty and saturation, sound of waves - to calm down, and fishing - to give pleasure ...

What is this amazing part of the World Ocean? Where it is located, what countries it washes, what depths and shores it has, what peaceful and dangerous animals and plants it hides in the depths of its waters, what secrets it keeps - all this and a little more you will learn from this article.

1. Where is the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is located between Asia, Africa and Europe, surrounded by continents, and only with the help of the Strait of Gibraltar, it connects with the North Atlantic, the Bosphorus Strait - with the Black Sea, and with the help of Suez Canal- borders the Red Sea.

2. Which countries are washed

The Mediterranean Sea is so named due to its location - among the continents (lands). The waters of this sea wash more than 22 countries from west to east, including: Spain, France, Monaco, Italy, Malta, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Montenegro, Albania, Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco.

The coastal area of ​​the sea is represented by many islands, different in area and population, the largest of which are considered:

• O. Corsica;
• O. Balearic;
• O. Sardinia;
• O. Sicily;
• O. Cyprus;
• O. Crete.

The coastline of the Mediterranean has many independent water areas, seas: Ligurian, Adriatic, Tyrrhenian, Black, Ionian, Azov, Balearic, Aegean, Cretan, Levantine, Libyan and Alboran seas.

3. History and secrets of the Mediterranean

The modern Mediterranean Sea is the remnant of the ancient Thesis basin, which once occupied the territory of Europe, North Africa, South and West Asia. For many millions of years, the strait connecting with the ocean has been repeatedly closed and reopened. Subsequently, the sea dried up and could no longer be filled to its former size. The modern relief was formed due to the change in the Earth's climate.

The Mediterranean territory was one of the first to be inhabited by man, and it was here that writing was first born and many great states were formed, world religions were born.

In 1833, an Englishman, a geologist by profession C. Lyell began to study this ancient sea.

Educational film on English language about the Mediterranean

4. Natural characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea has an area of ​​2965.5 thousand square meters. km. The average depth of the sea is 1500 m. The largest is 5 092 m and is located in the depression of the Ionian Sea (western part of the Peloponnese peninsula). The total length of the sea is 3 800 m.

Salinity of some seas:

• Black Sea - 18%;
• Adriatic Sea - 36%;
• Aegean Sea - 37%;
• Ligurian Sea - 38%;
• Mediterranean Sea - 39%.

4.1 Climate

The word "climate" from the ancient Greek language is translated as "tilt" and means tilt sun rays towards the earth's surface... The climate is a long-term, well-established weather regime, in contrast to weather conditions that are volatile.

Climatic conditions are determined by the location of the sea - the subtropical zone defines such a climate in an independent type "Mediterranean".

For countries washed by the waters of this sea, in winter, a decrease in atmospheric pressure is characteristic, which leads to precipitation and storms. During such a period, a cyclone hangs over the sea, accompanied by cloudiness, and winds intensify in different directions. The height of the waves can exceed 8 m. In summer, there is an anticyclone, the pressure rises and during this period clear, sunny, not rainy weather prevails.

The temperature regime in the southern part of the sea in January ranges from 14 to 16 degrees, in the northern - from 7 to 10 degrees. In summer (August) the average air temperature is 22-24 degrees in the northern part and up to 30 degrees in the southern regions.

Air humidity in summer is 50 - 65%, and in winter from 65 to 80%. Cloudiness in summer from 0 to 3 points, in winter - 6 points.

Hot cities: Larnaca, Limassol, Tel Aviv and Antalya. In these regions, the water temperature is summer months reaches 27 degrees. Then there are cities with a water temperature of no more than 25 degrees: Valencia, Malta and Heraklion. The coasts of Barcelona, ​​Athens and Malaga are considered even less hot (up to 22 degrees of water).

4.2 Bottom relief

The bottom relief of the Mediterranean Sea is represented by rapids, basins, ridges, depressions, bays and volcanic cones. The sea basin is divided into Western and Eastern parts. So, the bottom of the western basin is more gentle, and the bottom of the eastern one is with depressions and ridges stretching from Cyprus to the Apennine Peninsula.

Here, under the water column, there are cones of active and extinct volcanoes and tectonic depressions. So, the deepest place in the sea is the Hellenic depression, 5121 m deep. The bottom of the sea is rich in deposits of rock salt, potassium and sulfur. Here they mine natural gas and oil.

The largest bays in the Mediterranean:

• Valencian;
• Lyons;
• Genoese;
• Taranto;
• Cider or Big Sirte;
• Gabes or Small Sirte.

It is interesting that at the bottom of the sea there are many remains of ships, the exact number of which, up to today, not installed.

4.3 Water

The amount of evaporation of the Mediterranean Sea water exceeds the amount of atmospheric precipitation, since the sea is surrounded by countries with arid climates. The water deficit is made up for by the North Atlantic waters flowing through the Strait of Gibraltar. In the process of evaporation, the salinity and density of the water increases, which settles at a depth, which makes this water area warmer. Depending on the seasonality, the density of the water changes. Interestingly, the Mediterranean Sea is one of the warmest and salty seas.

The circulation of water is due to wind currents. The speed of the current in open sea areas reaches up to 1 km / h, in the straits - from 2 to 4 km / h. The transparency of the water is from 50 to 60 m. The water has a deep blue color.

4.4 Ebb and flow

Does the sea ebb and flow (periodic fluctuations in the water level up and down, as a result of changes in the position of the sun and moon relative to the Earth)? Yes, they are not large, on average, from 1 to 2 cm in both directions. This is due to the fact that the sea is cut off by the narrow strait of Gibraltar from the Atlantic and, accordingly, the gravitational force of the moon does not act on it.

You can read more about the ebb and flow on the pages of Wikipedia.

Also, the ebb and flow are influenced by the depth, salinity of the water, Atmosphere pressure, coastal relief. The largest tides are observed in the gulf called "Gabes", which is located in the northern part of Africa and this is due to its huge shape (100 km in length and width).

The peak of the tide is when the sun and the moon are located either on the same side of the Earth (new moon) or on different sides (full moon) and the forces of attraction of these objects are combined, which affects the appearance of tides.

The forecast of the height of the Mediterranean wave, tides on the Mediterranean coast of Israel, you can find on the website of Oceanographic and Limnological Research https://isramar.ocean.org.il/isramar2009/TideHadera/default.aspx

5. Mediterranean life

The fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is represented by flora and fauna, which is associated with the geological history of the sea and habitat conditions.

5.1 Plant kingdom

Despite the scarce phytoplankton located in the upper layers of the sea, the vegetation here is diverse: more than 800 species of green, brown, red algae and plants. Notable is the world's largest sea grass, "Oceanic Posidonia", which has bred in colonies (more than 700 km). This is one of oldest plants, which is more than 100 thousand years old.

5.2 Animal world

The fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is diverse, but the number of species of inhabitants is not large, which is associated with the poor development of plankton in Mediterranean waters.

Plankton- various organisms floating freely in the water (bacteria, algae, invertebrate larvae, small molluscs, etc.). You can find out more about this type of life on the pages of Wikipedia.

The fauna is represented by more than 800 species of various molluscs: squid, cuttlefish, octopus, crabs, shrimps and others.

5.3 Fish of the Mediterranean Sea

The winter period is the most massive for the congestion different types fish, since in other months (spring-summer) they spawn and feed, therefore they are more dispersed.

Among the inhabitants there are more than 700 species of various fish, more than 290 of which live in the coastal waters of Israel:

The blue shark also lives in the Mediterranean Sea. There are more than 40 species of Mediterranean sharks. There are also stingrays, moray eels reaching 0.5 m in length, dolphins, seals, porpoises and killer whales. Meet and sea ​​turtles, which are represented by 3 types.

A detailed list of fish that live in the Mediterranean Sea, you will find on the pages of Wikipedia

There are 4 types of flying fish on the Israeli coast:

• exocoetus obtusirostris;
• exocoetus volitans;
• hirundichthys rondeletii;
• parexocoetus mento.

5.4 Dangerous inhabitants of the Mediterranean

Shark- not only frightening inhabitants of the sea, but also irreplaceable cleaners of the sea expanses from different types of sick, weak inhabitants. Their population is declining. So, for example, the hammerhead shark in last time observed only in 1955.

Stingray- possesses poisonous spines located in the tail of the body.

Electric Stingray- is able to give any attacker an electric current.

6. Features of the coast

North coast has a difficult topography: the banks are high, rocky and steep with not small bays.

South coast- even. Mountains stretch from the western part, and in the east they disappear and the coast becomes flat and sandy (almost deserted).

The total length of the Mediterranean coast is 46 thousand km. It is interesting that this water area would be enough to easily swallow Western Europe!

6.1 Israel Seaside

The coast of Israel is washed by the western waters of the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean territory stretches from Israel's northern border to the Gaza Strip. Also on the coast is a plain called "Coastal", stretching for 187 km from Lebanon to the Gaza Strip. The plain is divided into cultural and geographical areas and has many sandy beaches.

The Mediterranean coast is made up of not only plains and beaches, but rocky shores and reefs.

6.2 Port cities of Israel

• adaptation to the Mediterranean climate - leisurely summer walks along the sunny coast;
• apply protective creams from the sun's rays;
• beware of marine life;
• do not forget about high waves, rocky bottom and very dangerous rip currents.

You can read more about such a phenomenon as ripple flow on the pages of Wikipedia.

A short video on what to do if you are caught in a rip current in the Mediterranean

The ancient Mediterranean Sea had many names:

• Akdeniz or White Sea (Turks);
• "Our sea" or "Inner" (ancient Romans);
• Sunset Sea (Babylonians).
• “Great Sea” (Hebrew הַיָּם הַגָּדוֹל, Ha-Yam Ha-Gadol).

This sea includes in its expanses many small seas and various islands, which in ancient times were independent states.

The Mediterranean Sea is famous for the habitat of such an animal as the "sponge", which later received the name "toilet", since the dried skeletons of this inhabitant were used as a washcloth.

In 2016, Spanish archaeologists discovered a ship from the times of the Roman Empire at a depth of 70 m, which sank more than 1.5 thousand years ago.

In the Strait of Messina, you can see a mirage.

What happens if this Great Basin is drained? You will find the answer to this question if you watch this entertaining film (published by I. Garkalikov)

9. Useful links

- in the book of general misconceptions, there are many interesting facts about the Mediterranean.

- an interesting article describing the Mediterranean Sea.

- an informative article about the currents and tides of the Mediterranean Sea, temperature, flora and fauna.

LIST OF MEDITERRANEAN FISHES

The popular names of the fish that are found off the shores of the Mediterranean Sea are so numerous that all of them simply cannot be remembered. The famous wrasse (or greenfinch) on the Provencal coast has, for example, fifteen or twenty different names. Green wrasse is simply called green wrasse, as opposed to blue.

The only thing you can be sure of is that both fish belong to the Labridaceae family. If you have an ichthyology handbook at hand, it will help you identify a particular fish by shape and color, and not by local name.

Lavraki is called here "grouper" (measure) just like Grouper in English. The dark snapper (dusky-perch) is almost indistinguishable from the cernier, which is a rock snapper. And so on, ad infinitum.

Habits, as well as the shape and number of teeth and the location and structure of the fins, are what counts, but even ichthyologists often get caught up in the classification of fish. Indeed, until you start to consult the specific literature for identifying fish, you will not understand how little is known about the difference between fish and their actual habits in the marine environment (not in the aquarium).

It is still an open field for making various amendments and making new discoveries. The Frenchman Pierre de Latil has recently published a large amount of information in his book, which is the best book about the fish of the Mediterranean Sea, about their classification, habits and how they should be hunted. This is an invaluable book for the hunter and naturalist.

Latil talked with all, without exception, famous hunters, whom he asked about their observations of the underwater kingdom. Latil's rich experience as a naturalist allowed him to give us the first truly comprehensive survey of fish in the Mediterranean, although he also has errors that are noticeable even to non-specialists.

True, it should be borne in mind that there is complete confusion in the local names of the fish of the Mediterranean Sea. If you catch a fish and want to identify it, it is very important to remember its length, the shape of the mouth, gills, teeth, fins (which is most important), pay attention to whether it has solid or intermittent dorsal fins (and if the latter, then how many of them) , do not forget about the side fins, the bottom fins, as well as everything else that may seem of importance to you. If you have even the slightest interest in fish, there will come a moment when you regret not having made any timely records of the fish that caused you doubts.

All fish listed below are bony. This list is far from complete, but it will give you an idea of ​​the most common fish off the Mediterranean coast *.

* I marked with checkmarks those fish that I happened to meet on the Black Sea. I am quite sure that most of the rest are also found in the Black Sea in large quantities. Some (horse mackerel, for example) in the Black Sea are found in large numbers, but rarely found in the Mediterranean. Until now, I have not had to meet octopuses and eels in the Black Sea, but I have seen a large electric stingray with a beautiful white plumage on its tail. Not far from the Cold River, I saw literally thousands of small red mullet lying on the bottom in even rows, like soldiers. (Author's note.)

Why the operation is dreaming: interpretations and meanings of a difficult dream

Characteristics of a Virgo woman born in the year of the rat

“Why do you dream of an electric train?

Why dream of going by train?

Interpretation of sleep train in dream books

I dreamed about new neighbors. Why are Neighbors dreaming? What did you do with your neighbors in a dream

Popular

Why dream of sharpening a saw

"Dream Interpretation Elk dreamed of why Elk dreams in a dream

Dream interpretation: what the Bridge is dreaming of

Latest articles

Characteristics of a male lion born in the year of the dog

Nail name origin meaning

Name of the nail value. Nailya (female name). Family relationships and love

In night vision they saw a wardrobe - transcript according to famous dream books

Monkey Man: A History of Biological Alchemy Monkey Man in the Brazilian Jungle

The best

Turgenev's brain weight. Human brain. Racial and national differences

Scientists study and determine the ratio of the brain volume to the body volume of living beings on Earth. They also found out which of the animals has the most severe ...

"Or a few common misconceptions about space

The promises of the No Manʼs Sky development team were very immodest. They promised endless galaxies, an obscene number of planets with random ...

Literary necropolis or Park of the Living and the Dead (WIM)

The popular name is ZIM or Park of the Living and the Dead. 1828 - 1935 The newly built Mitrofanovskoye cemetery was founded by the inhabitants of the Blizhnyaya Chizhovka settlement ...