Marine inhabitants of the seas of the Russian Federation. Marine life and interesting facts about them
I don’t walk and don’t fly, But try to catch up! I am golden Well, look into the fairy tale FISH
Are you not familiar with me? OCTOPUS I live at the bottom of the sea. Head and eight legs, That's all I am...
What peoples lived on the shores of the Black Sea in ancient times? Taurians, Khazars, Scythians, Turks, Circassians, Cimmerians, Sarmatians, Tatars, Italians. What countries are located on the shores of the Black Sea? Russia, Turkey, Bulgaria, Rumy Georgia, Ukraine
What cities are located on the shores of the Black Sea? Sochi, Crimea, Tuapse, Batumi, Sukhumi, Gelendzhik, Yalta, Gagra, Novorossiysk, Anapa. What fish that live in the Black Sea are of commercial importance? Beluga, sturgeon, stellate sturgeon, herring, anchovy, goatfish, horse mackerel, mackerel, sprat, sprat, tuna.
What does color depend on? aquatic organisms? The color of organisms depends on environment. What swimming aids do fish have? Inside the fish have air sacs; fins, tail; body streamlining
What swimming adaptations do jellyfish have? 90% of the body of a jellyfish consists of water, they push water out with their dome. What is the industrial importance of algae? In terms of vitamin content, algae are not inferior to apel pineapples. Soups, salads and side dishes are prepared from seaweed. Raw seaweed is added to chocolate candies, marshmallows, sauces, syrups, etc. They are used in the manufacture of cosmetic products and a number of medicines.
What is the area of the Black Sea? 422 thousand sq. km What is greatest depth the Black Sea? 2245 m What is the largest and smallest length of the Black Sea? 580 km, 265 km At what depth of the sea is there no life? Why? From 150 m, hydrogen sulfide
The White Sea is one of the most dangerous on the planet. And it's not only his fault. ecological state, but also its currents, which can, for example, carry a bather far from the coast and drag him into the depths of the sea.
White calm
Among the inhabitants of countries located in the basin Baltic Sea, there is a legend about the so-called white calm - a phenomenon when, at a sea that is absolutely calm at first glance, a wave suddenly appears that can turn over not only a fishing boat, but also a larger ship. And bathers are completely powerless to resist this element.
Head of the Emergency Service of Svetlogorsk municipal district Mikhail Tabakov does not completely refute this myth, but explains it in his own way. According to him, the Baltic Sea, which is one of the most closed on the planet, does not have permanent undercurrents, such as, for example, the Gulf Stream, but wind and surge currents are often found there. If they do not pose a real threat to ships and vessels, then they are extremely dangerous for a bathing person.
Tabakov calls them “squeezing currents” (another name is “rip currents”): they seem to squeeze a person from the shore and carry them far into the sea. According to statistics, every summer, dozens of vacationers in the Baltic waters fall into a death trap. The most dangerous Russian rescuers call the sea areas near Baltiysk and the Baltic Spit. However, due to the constantly changing topography, it is almost impossible to pinpoint exactly where rip currents originate.
Deputy Director for scientific work Atlantic Branch of the Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after P.P. Shirshov Boris Chubarenko also believes that swimming even near the shore, where rip currents pass, is deadly. The scientist says that the black spots are festoons, "bay-shaped concavities of the coastline 100-150 meters in size, bordered by small capes - shoals."
Discontinuous currents arise due to the movement of surface water masses under the influence of wind force. The water entering the bay under the pressure of the wind raises the water level in it over the entire area by 15–25 cm. Thus, the water level in the bay is exceeded relative to the water level in the sea itself. When the wind subsides, all this huge water mass, which has tremendous kinetic energy, rushes back into the sea, taking careless swimmers and small vessels with it.
Typically, such a current can carry a person 150-200 meters from the coast. The first problem in this case, according to rescuers, is panic. Animal fear turns off consciousness and the person begins to desperately work with his hands and feet to return back to the shore. And this is absolutely impossible to do, rescuers warn. After all, even an experienced swimmer, trying to fight the elements, can be exhausted. However, it is also not worth staying in one place. There is only one way out: to swim along the coast. Rescuers claim that after about 50, maximum 100 meters, you can find a weak current and eventually get out of it.
Underwater razors
In the coastal waters of the Baltic, you can sometimes find the remains of piles that were driven in by the Germans to trap sand and prevent the destruction of beaches. At first they used expensive sequoia wood, but later switched to iron in order to save money.
AT Soviet time in Zelenogradsk, at the base curonian spit metal piles were not destroyed, but in Svetlogorsk they were cut off by someone's strong-willed order, believing that they were dangerous for swimmers. There was indeed a danger, but, as it turned out later, it was something else.
Today, the water has so sharpened part of the edge of the cut piles that it has become sharper than a razor. Bathers, entering the water, do not even suspect that they run the risk of running into rusty blades that can cut the leg to the bone. Local authorities obligatory put up warning signs in these places: “Swimming is prohibited!”, But negligent vacationers constantly break them.
Another problem is the abundance broken glass. There is such a Svetlogorsk fun - to break a bottle on stones. There are practically no whole bottles at the bottom of the sea - they are carried away to the open sea by squeezing currents, but there are many fragments that are more difficult to pick up by water. For the wave to smooth out the sharp edges of broken glass, years must pass, but before that, more than one bather will get hurt.
Time mine
Researcher of the Latvian Institute of Hydroecology Rita Poikane draws attention to the significant problem of the Baltic Sea - the constant accumulation of harmful substances in bottom sediments, which is favored by stagnant waters. Under special circumstances, for example, with a lack of oxygen, according to a specialist, these substances can rise up and then disaster cannot be avoided.
The most serious danger is the burial of World War II weapons in the depths of the Baltic. Many experts warn that explosives and poisonous substancessooner or later they will make themselves felt, and then a real apocalypse awaits the inhabitants of the coastal regions.
The Interfax agency, referring to Polish experts, reports that the shells and bombs that rest on the bottom of the Baltic contain about 15,000 tons of various hazardous chemical compounds. Scientists are still thinking about whether it is necessary to raise sunken ammunition or is it better not to touch them.
Polish scientists have found that chemical weapons that were sunk in the Baltic Sea after the end of World War II cause genetic changes and mutations in fish. Biologists from the countries of the Baltic region have faced this problem before. They say the fish that live in the burial grounds chemical weapons, have a larger set of diseases than those that swim in other areas of the Baltic. According to experts, the mutations are directly related to exposure to mustard gas, mustard gas, which is emitted by time-damaged ammunition.
True, environmentalist Rita Poikane is not inclined to exaggerate the danger. According to her, military substances buried at a depth of 120 meters, where there is little oxygen, and fish, with which a person could receive a portion of harmful chemistry, does not live there. Toxic substances dissolve in water, but the bottom currents gradually reduce their concentration, the expert notes.
In some issues, for example, on heavy metals, the situation in the Baltic has even improved, Poikane reassures. Thus, the peak of water pollution with phosphorus and nitrogen, which occurred in the eighties of the XX century, has already been passed. But in general ecological situation in the Baltic Sea remains worrisome, as one type of pollution is replaced by another.
Today, many vacationers can observe the flowering of water in the Baltic. This process is provoked nutrients, which would be useful for fertilizing the land, but in the sea they are extremely dangerous. The thick soup water becomes unsuitable for marine life, it is also toxic to humans and pets.
inedible fish
One of the most harmful substances entering the waters of the Baltic Sea is mercury. It is easily absorbed by the fish, followed by the person who has eaten the latter. Doctors do not forbid eating fish from the Baltic, but they advise you to monitor how much fish you eat per day, per week, so as not to face serious health problems. The main rule: what smaller size the fish itself, the less mercury it has accumulated over the course of its life.
Doctors in Sweden and Finland do not recommend breastfeeding women to add Baltic fish to their diet. For example, Marie Storra-Paulsen, a researcher at the Danish DTU Aqua Institute, notes that salmon heavier than five kilograms cannot be eaten: than more fish the more dioxin it contains. And, according to studies, even in small doses, dioxin can lead to such consequences as low birth weight, impaired fertility and diabetes.
Latvian experts say that the inhabitants of the Baltic countries themselves continue to destroy their sea. So, household chemicals and cosmetics, getting into the sewer, and then into the sea, create conditions for oxygen starvation there, because of which caviar and fish die.
Experts are sure that if fish meat from disadvantaged regions of the Baltic Sea is subjected to an unbiased analysis, the results will be so deplorable that a complete ban on trade may follow. However, the facts already established speak for themselves: the herring in the Baltic Sea is five times higher in saturation with harmful elements than the herring from the Atlantic Ocean.
A resident of Omsk has been fond of hardening for a year and shocks passers-by - he walks around the city barefoot, and in cold weather he feels fine in one T-shirt.
As 17-year-old Nikita Maksimov told NGS.OMSK, he has been fond of hardening and walking barefoot for a year and for two years - a raw food diet. Nikita admits that he is interested in testing himself for strength and experiencing everything for himself. A resident of Moskovka loves minimalism in everything - he sleeps on the floor, does not smoke or drink alcohol, and manages with a minimum of clothing.
In summer, Nikita can be found on the street barefoot, with a naked torso and in shorts, and in autumn he dresses warmer - he puts on a T-shirt over a jacket from a set of thermal underwear. AT winter time Nikita walks around in sneakers, jeans, a T-shirt and a thin jumper, sometimes without a hat. He travels, like everyone else, in minibuses and buses, and in the same way he is waiting for his transport, standing at the bus stop. Nikita learned to endure the cold. The idea to accustom your body to thermoregulation and stop being afraid of the cold came to the guy after he saw a video on the Web.
In this form, Omsk travels in public transport
“I climbed the Internet and saw an interview with a man who was walking barefoot in the snow without a T-shirt, wearing only shorts, and it was minus 10 degrees outside ... And I thought - is it possible? And away we go. I didn’t read any information about this, I do everything through my experience, based on my feelings, ”says Nikita. He gradually got used to the cold and now plans to train his body to such an extent that he can do without shoes in the winter.
"What a fine fellow!" - a passer-by admired, looking at Nikita, who, as if nothing had happened at +2 degrees, is standing on marble
“According to my feelings, it takes another 8 years to really not feel the cold. This has to be done very gradually. Last winter, I put on a jacket 10 times, and up to -24 degrees I went in a T-shirt for 1.5 months. I realized: in the cold there is nothing to worry about. I stopped getting sick, I went to the pharmacy once in two years - for a band-aid, I hurt my leg. And before, when I went to school, I was constantly ill, with a cold, acute respiratory infections ... Now this is not there, ”says the Omsk citizen, standing barefoot on the granite paving of Chokan Valikhanov Street. He believes that all diseases are due to malnutrition.
“I studied the topic of nutrition for a long time and realized that a person needs fruit - fruits, vegetables, the pulp around the seeds, seeds is useful. When a person begins to eat in his own way, all diseases go away, ”Omsk says, and passers-by continue to look askance at a strange guy who walks barefoot down the street. Every day he eats persimmons and grapes and drinks only water - Nikita does not recognize tea, coffee and other drinks.
Nikita is already used to the reaction of passers-by who turn around to look at him.
He is supported by family and friends. He was able to convince his mother that if she wants to help him, then do not interfere with hardening the body. “My mother is the best, she worries about me, of course. Now, when I come home, she jokes: “Why are you without clothes?”, - says Omsk smiling. He has a younger three-year-old sister. Nikita left school after the ninth grade and entered a medical college, but could not study there: he was disappointed. After working at the Govinda vegetarian cafe, Nikita left and decided to prepare for university. Now he lives separately from his parents, rents a small family from friends and earns extra money. The young man admits: for a month for all his needs - payment for a communal apartment, food and travel - 8-10 thousand rubles are enough for him. Nikita is already used to the reaction of passers-by who offer their help in winter.
Nikita learned to endure the cold. 2 years ago, he was no different from other schoolchildren and often had a cold
“Often in winter they come up and ask if clothes are needed, if everything is in order. Once the police somehow came up and took me to the police station - they thought that I was under something. I had to sit at the police station and explain. And the police called relatives and clarified whether I was fond of hardening. Today, the police officers came again - they recognized me, so there were no questions, ”Nikita laughs. His photos have been circulating on social networks for a long time - since 2015, the guy is often photographed on the street in cool weather. Last year, in winter, eyewitnesses filmed a video in which a guy in a hat and T-shirt leaves the entrance. Then in the comments, users suggested that the guy's jacket was taken away from the guy at school.
“Walking through puddles is so cool! This is my favorite part of the walk,” says Nikita enthusiastically, looking at the puddles.
“I’m not cold, everything is fine with me, no one took my jacket away from me. My favorite weather is when the sun is shining and a cool breeze is blowing. I love to walk in puddles. In summer, I also like the weather, I love the sun, but I miss the cold. I’m cool: you’re walking, your legs hurt, your hands are burning, but it’s cool, I enjoy it: every time I become more enduring, ”the guy smiles. After the conversation, he goes to the bus stop right through the puddles and gets into his bus.
Omsk gladly leaves traces on Chokan Valikhanov Street - he also loves rain, but he does not recognize winter swimming
NGS.OMSK contacted several institutions for comment. Doctors are very cautious about the case of Nikita Maksimov and are reluctant to comment on such hardening methods.
“I, as a physician, cannot comment on this. I think that it is necessary to cover such examples very carefully. What can you say from medicine: yes, I trained. There is such a person, and this does not mean that forward [everyone is barefoot on the street]. Hardening should be in moderation,” says Nadezhda Gulyeva, head of the medical and physical education dispensary. “For Siberia, this is some kind of unique, of course. I don't want to say it's great and promote these things. Each organism is individual, I don’t know what abilities and capabilities it has, but apparently it can. The average person does not have such things, ”the specialist concluded.
What is summer? This is the Sea. Seriously, who among us does not like to lie on the beach on his vacation, swim in the cool salty water, sunbathe on the soft sand? But due to their financial situation, the vast majority of Russian citizens choose mainly either Turkey-Bulgaria, or the domestic coast of the Black Sea - Sochi, Adler, Yalta, and other resorts of Crimea. Close and relatively cheap. But few people know that in our native Black Sea, among others, there are marine inhabitants that can, if not kill or cripple a person, then cause him a lot of trouble. And now we will tell about them.
Jellyfish
Everyone knows perfectly well what a jellyfish is. Gelatinous dome with long or not very long tentacles. It is precisely the tentacles that most often need to be feared - they contain draining cells, the main weapon of these seemingly defenseless coelenterates. Upon contact with a sensitive hair, the cell abruptly throws out a flagellum. which pierces the skin and injects poison there. Fortunately, in jellyfish living in the Black Sea, this poison is rather weak - it feels like a nettle burn. But if it gets on the mucous membrane or in the eyes, everything becomes much more unpleasant. But even that can't compare to poison Portuguese boat, which leaves burns on the skin that can cause death. Therefore, the main rule of communication with jellyfish is not to touch jellyfish, even dead ones, and if you have already touched them, wash your hands thoroughly or at least do not get into your eyes with them.
Of all the intestinal cavities that live in the Black Sea, you need to be afraid of two - the Kornerot jellyfish ( Rhizostomeae pulmo) and Aurelia ( Aurelia aurita). The first can be recognized by the fleshy, almost opaque dome and heavy "beard" of tentacles, and the second by the long fringe of thin tentacles that border the transparent dome around the perimeter. To be honest, the harm from jellyfish is minimal, since they are not difficult to spot, and the safety precautions when dealing with them are quite simple. But what to do with those dangers that are so easy not to see and that you can just accidentally step on? So dangerous fish.
Sea ruffs or scorpions
Scorpaena porcus. A small, up to 40 cm long fish that lies peacefully at the bottom and lies in wait for its prey. Due to its coloration and the presence of various spike scales, it is perfectly camouflaged among stones, and therefore it is regularly stepped on. And everything would be fine, but long spikes protrude from its gill covers, at the base of which poisonous glands are hidden. And the spikes themselves are also covered with unpleasant mucus. That is, you will not only be stung, but also covered with mucus, which causes extremely unpleasant inflammation. The poison causes general intoxication and instant pain at the site of the lesion. If you are stung by a scorpionfish, immediately wash the wound, treat it thoroughly with an antiseptic and, just in case, consult a doctor.
Also, another species lives in the Black Sea - a noticeable or small scorpionfish. It is really noticeable, as it has a rather bright, even a little noisy, color. It is more difficult to step on it accidentally, but the result is exactly the same. Oh yes, scorpions are really tasty, so they are specially caught. Just take them off the hook very carefully, remembering the poisonous thorns. The poison remains active even in fish lying in the refrigerator, so you also need to butcher them very, very carefully.
sea dragons
Trachinus draco. Long elongated fish up to 40 cm in length. He likes to dig into the sand - only his eyes stick out and follow the passing prey. He loves shallow water, so careless bathers often step on him. Yes, and cautious - too - he is very cool in disguise. A dragon buried in wet sand is not even afraid of low tide, so walking along the surf without shoes is a rather risky activity. The fish is equipped with an impressive arsenal of 5 poisonous dorsal spines (an extension of the dorsal fin) and several equally poisonous spines on the gill covers. The poison causes excruciating stabbing pain that does not stop for hours. In severe cases, complete paralysis of the limb, the formation of trophic ulcers, or even death is possible. First aid - squeeze out maximum amount poison from the wound, rinse with an antiseptic, apply a bandage, give painkillers and take to the hospital. Seriously, the deaths have actually been documented, so it's not worth the risk.
Stingrays or sea cats
Dasyatis pastinaca. Actually, the name describes the way in which this cute fish can harm a person. On her tail there is a long spike connected with a poisonous gland and covered with extremely unpleasant mucus. The sea cat lies at the bottom, buried in the sand, waiting for the passing fish, not worrying about anything. And then bam - they step on him. And at the moment of danger, the stingray hits very accurately with its tail spike, leaving lacerated and infected wounds. So it’s not even the poison that is dangerous, but the wound itself.
Everyone remembers the death of the famous zoologist Steve Irving - a stingray thorn pierced him chest and hit the heart. No less dangerous can be injuries to the main arteries. Luckily, sea cats rather cowardly and afraid of noise, so more often than not everyone frantically swims away first. First aid - wash the wound, squeeze out the poison, treat the edges, stop the bleeding and go to the hospital for dressing and observation.
As you can see, the Black Sea coast is quite dangerous place where you can get real injuries. But on the other hand, if you behave carefully, look under your feet, don’t walk barefoot along the bottom and, damn it, don’t climb into jellyfish, nothing bad will most likely happen to you. But think about all the prospects that will open up before you when you go to the sea as a "savage"? Why is it not an easy test of survival skills in pleasant conditions for you? Fishing, collecting edible and, independent production of water and fire - you must admit, all this is much more interesting than the banal frying of your own carcass on a sunbed or splashing in a comfortable pool.
