Turning garbage into money, or how to open your own waste processing plant. Opening a waste recycling business

Recycling waste as a business in Russia is a very profitable direction. First of all, because the garbage is simply lying around underfoot, and the raw materials for such a business are simply unlimited. The second advantage is the support of such a business by local authorities, which will allow you to take out a loan or receive a grant if you do not have your own funds. But there are also several important nuances. In this article we will look at how to make waste recycling a profitable business.

What is considered the most profitable in the field of waste recycling?

Before opening a mini-factory or workshop, it is first advisable to decide on the raw materials with which you will work.

The most profitable options include:

Car tires

The most promising processing option is pyrolysis. This process consists of decomposing rubber into gases, carbons, metal cord (it can be sold to metallurgical enterprises), synthetic oil. Each of the listed products is in demand on the market; with proper sales organization, you can quickly recoup the costs of opening an enterprise and make a good profit.

Construction garbage

It usually consists of wood, bricks, concrete, metal. When carrying out high-quality sorting, you can recycle concrete, extracting metal particles from it. This will make it possible to obtain recycled crushed stone - the main market is construction organizations.

You can start recycling broken glass: its sale is a very profitable business, since such a product is in demand in the production of ceramics, bricks, tiles, etc.

Used paper

The process of processing “wet” waste paper involves the creation of production, which consists of the following stages:

• Dissolution of paper.
• Removing fibers and unnecessary objects from it.
• Heat treatment.
• Fine cleaning.

Recycled paper can be repurposed into roofing materials, packaging board, toilet paper, etc.

What documents are needed to open a business?

Before you start opening your own waste recycling mini-plant, you should collect all the necessary documents. First, contact the Ministry of Environment to obtain a license: to do this, you first need to undergo an examination and receive a positive conclusion. The cost of the document is about 5 thousand rubles.

In addition, you will need the following documents:

• Permission from the SES.
• Project with full description all technological “steps” in waste processing.

But in addition to the documents listed above, it is imperative to draw up a competent business plan, which will account for all expenses and describe the production process. A business plan is needed not only to receive funds from investors, but also for the business owner himself, because having one will allow you to accurately determine the start-up capital, possible expenses, etc.

We are drawing up a business plan for opening a waste processing workshop

Let's take a closer look at what must be included in a business plan - this will allow us to predict and avoid many of the problems that novice entrepreneurs face.

Document narrative

A mini-plant for waste processing is a profitable investment that will bring profit regardless of the economic situation in the country. Many countries, including Russia, are ready to purchase certain types waste for your business.

Production part

In this paragraph, we necessarily describe the equipment that will be required for the work. These include:

• Production line required for sorting raw materials.
• Storage location for raw materials.
• Press for processing it.

Many entrepreneurs immediately purchase imported equipment, but the products Russian production differ good characteristics, and the cost is an order of magnitude cheaper. The plan should also include the purchase or rental of trucks for transporting raw materials and marketing products.

The average expense at this stage is about $70 thousand. If you have additional funds, purchase a melting furnace, which you will definitely need at the waste processing stage.

Marketing part of the business plan

Beginning entrepreneurs very rarely pay attention to marketing when starting a business in the field of waste recycling, but it depends on it whether your business will be profitable. Only with a competent approach to analyzing competitors can you bypass them and take a leading position in this business. Therefore, be sure to study the market, which will allow you to determine the most profitable direction.

Financial part of the plan

Initial costs will be in the amount of 80-100 thousand dollars, which already includes costs for:

• Preparation of all documentation.
• Renting or purchasing premises.
• Purchase of all machinery and equipment.
• Purchase of raw materials for processing.
• Remuneration of company employees.

Where can I get garbage for recycling?

As we have already said, the business in the field of waste recycling will always be popular, since tons of waste, both household and construction, are disposed of every day. Let's count:

On average, one trash can contains:

• Polymers – about 50%.
• Polyethylene - about 10%.
• Food waste – 25%.
• Paper, cardboard – 10%.
• Metal, rubber, textiles - about 5%.

Approximately 60% of everything listed is suitable for further processing. True, in Russia, unlike European countries where separate waste collection is carried out, difficulties may arise with waste sorting. Therefore, you will either have to purchase equipment for processing raw materials, or use non-recycled waste - in this case, the return on business will be small, only about 25%.

It’s best to enter into an agreement with a landfill or collection point for containers (glass, plastic) - in this case there will be no problems with sorting.

Possible problems in this business

Whatever business you start, it can always entail the risk of not receiving part of the profit. To avoid this, you need to take into account every detail when drawing up a business plan. There are a few useful tips that will help you beat your competitors and become a successful entrepreneur:

• Study and try to implement new technologies and equipment - this will allow you to stay ahead of your competitors at all stages.
• Try to enter into agreements for the supply of raw materials with several suppliers so that there is no shortage of goods - otherwise you may have problems supplying finished goods to your customers.
• Try not to overinflate your starting capital and expand only when absolutely necessary – don’t waste your money.

How to start and why is this business so popular? Read our material.

You will learn how to breed sheep and make this business as profitable as possible.

To open an enterprise for growing greens, read the article: tips on drawing up a business plan and selling goods.

Costs and profits - a few important numbers

In general, as the owners of such businesses note, the invested funds should pay off within 1.5-2 years. Agree, this is quite good timing, while the raw materials for it will never run out, which is no less important. Taking into account the data of existing enterprises, several calculations can be made.

One shift on average processes about 3 tons of waste paper, about 12.-1.5 tons of polymer waste, 250 kg plastic waste. A ton of raw materials costs from 9 to 50 thousand rubles, therefore, the profit of one enterprise per month will be from 150 thousand rubles. up to 3 million rubles (we provided calculations for a medium-sized enterprise).

According to our calculations, which we discussed above, the cost of starting a business is higher than the cost of opening a hairdresser or a small store, but at the same time the payback rate is impressive - it is difficult to find a niche in which you can return the money spent in just a year and a half.

In contact with

In European countries, up to 80% of household waste is returned to production. In Russia, the system for collecting recyclable materials is being revived. This is economically beneficial for processors, and gives many entrepreneurs a good chance to open their own business with minimal investment in 2017.

 

About 4 million hectares of land are occupied in Russia garbage dumps, and it is no coincidence that 2017 has been declared the year of ecology. The federal budget includes funds for preferential lending for waste disposal activities. For those who are starting a business from scratch, ideas for collecting recyclable materials will be interesting, since this business does not require large investments, and the need of enterprises is constantly growing. Since there are a lot of varieties of “useful waste,” we will review the recyclable materials in demand in Russia.

What types of waste are in demand?

Expecting to open a business in 2017, you need to know what waste is of interest to existing producers in the city or region. Demand and prices for them are determined by actual and potential buyers. The most profitable is considered to be the processing of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, glass and waste paper (Table 1).

Table 1. Percentage of waste used as secondary raw materials. Based on materials from the study of the SSGA, Novosibirsk.

Type of recyclable materials	Inferred resources, million tons	Usage rate, %	Type of production	Share in the finished product, %
Scrap ferrous metals			steel foundry
Car tires (crumb rubber, reclaimed)			rubber
Blast furnace slag, thermal power plant, ash, mining and processing waste			Construction Materials(crushed stone, gravel, sand)
Plastic waste			products made from thermoplastic polymers
glass breaker
Waste paper			cardboard and paper

Recycled raw materials in Russia are used in almost all industries, and the demand for them is growing. Prices vary in different regions, they are determined by the needs of local producers.

1. Car tires.

This is one of the most promising areas for starting a business from scratch; ideas in this direction deserve special attention. The volume of discarded tires in Russia in 2015 was about 940 thousand tons. More than 80% goes to landfill (of which 20% is burned), and only 17% is mechanically recycled. The content of usable components is shown in table. 2, potential market capacity - in Fig. 1.

Most often, used tires are processed into crumb rubber. The material is 2-3 times cheaper than synthetic rubber. The market is at an early stage of development, but prices have already formed, demand and stable supply have appeared. Certain requirements are imposed on the feedstock: the waste must comply with GOST 8407-89, it must be clean, have a residual layer of rubber, and intact sides. Typically, tires on rims, with studs, and mixed rubber-metal products are not accepted.

2. Waste paper

During 2013-2015, prices for waste paper increased by almost 60%; its export is currently prohibited, and sales are exempt from VAT. This is a traditional raw material in demand on the market; GOST 10700-97 has been developed for it. According to this document, the paper used is divided into 15 classes based on composition and 3 quality groups. The most expensive variety: white drawing, writing, copying (MS-1A), the cheapest - wallpaper, packaging, poster (MS-13B).

Raw materials are universally accepted for processing by factories producing:

1. paper, containers, corrugated cardboard packaging (relevant ones included);
2. linoleum, roofing insulating materials, vinyl leather;
3. toilet paper, napkins, disposable medical linen.

From direction recycling quality requirements depend. The paper must be cleaned, sorted, packaged (pressed) into briquettes weighing 50 kg or more. This processing saves warehouse space and reduces transportation costs.

3. Scrap metal (ferrous and non-ferrous).

Most profitable business However, its organization is the most expensive of all types of recycling collection. This is due to the need to obtain a license; the rules and conditions for obtaining it, as well as handling scrap metal, are regulated by two main regulations:

1. on licensing of procurement, storage, processing - No. 1287, 12/12/2012;
2. on the handling of scrap and waste of non-ferrous metals - No. 370, 05/11/2001.

Procurement includes the purchase of scrap from individuals and organizations, transportation and sales. Mandatory requirements: drawing up acceptance certificates, monitoring for radioactivity and explosion safety. This entails the purchase of special equipment, training and confirmation of the qualifications of workers.

Licensing conditions, OKVED codes for ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals are different. This is a competitive type of activity, however, in regions with developed metallurgical and metalworking industries, it brings good income. The opportunity to open your own business in this area is simplified if you use a franchise offer, they are presented on the market.

4. Used batteries.

About 65% of the metal that is used in the production of new batteries is recovered from old batteries. The main part is lead (up to 17 kg), and in addition: nickel, zinc, cobalt, silver oxides. This is economically beneficial for enterprises, so the average acceptance prices for this type of recyclable materials are high. For example, in Novosibirsk there are more than 50 companies that buy batteries, and the cost ranges from 570 (45Ah) to 3,400 (220Ah) rubles.

Common places for battery collection: garage cooperatives, active roadways, transport companies, car repair services. Reception centers are usually located there and advertisements are posted there. If you consider that most car owners are simply too lazy to specifically look for a place to return a used battery, then they give them away for 150-200 rubles.

However, the collection and storage of batteries is subject to licensing. This is waste of hazard class 3-4, and work with it is regulated by two federal laws: No. 89-FZ (06.24.1998) and No. 99-FZ (05.04.2011). The license is issued to both the individual entrepreneur and the organization. It notes a specific type of activity, so you can limit yourself only to the collection of batteries, including their neutralization (draining the electrolyte).

5. Polymer waste (PET bottles).

This type of recyclable material is represented by plastic production waste and household waste. While 80% of the former go into recycling, used bags, packaging, and disposable tableware litter recreation areas and large and medium-sized cities everywhere. In the total volume of garbage, the share of plastic is more than 60-70%. The PET bottle holds the palm among polymers.

The main consumers are companies producing building materials, polyethylene film, and plastic household products. Demand for it clearly exceeds supply (Fig. 2). Acceptance prices depend on the quality, purity and degree of processing of the material. Thus, landfill waste costs 2-3 times lower than sorted household waste. The most primitive processing that PET undergoes:

• removing lids and labels;
• sorting by color;
• pressing into bags.

Inexpensive mini-plants for plastic processing significantly increase business profitability. For example, landfill PET waste is accepted at a price of up to 6 rubles/kg, LDPE waste - from 10 rubles/kg, washed and sorted used film - at 11-13 rubles/kg, and granules and agglomerate cost 25-35 rub/kg Despite the fact that the cost of new Russian-made film varies from 39 to 49 rubles/kg.

In fact, the plastic recycling market in Russia is just emerging. Experts estimate its potential at $150 million. Of all the types of polymer waste collection: collection points, waste separation, separate collection of household waste, the latter is the most effective from an economic point of view.

6. Cullet and glass containers.

Along with waste paper, there are old and sought-after recyclables. Cullet took the place of solid glassware for a simple reason. Manufacturers have begun to produce bottles and cans that are so original that this makes them very difficult to reuse.

It is required always and everywhere. Two years ago, the Novosibirsk Ekran plant began opening collection points for recyclable materials from the population, since its shortage was holding back production. He needs up to 5 tons of cullet per month, but with the help of suppliers (including other regions) he manages to collect only 1.5-2 tons.

A collection point for glass containers justifies itself if, for example, a brewery is located nearby. Thus, Baltika uses up to 36% of recycled bottles. But cullet is even more profitable because it expands the list of potential suppliers. These could be companies that install window packages, or you can install containers for separate collection in yards. Glass makes up about 17% of household waste.

7. Computer scrap.

Old electrical equipment, computers, and telephones are in great demand, as evidenced by a simple request in Yandex (Fig. 3). At the same time, prices for scrap are very good (Fig. 4). This activity is usually carried out through intermediary firms that have appropriate licenses and are associated with raw material processors. They do the disassembly and sorting themselves, forming batches for delivery of quite large volumes (from 300 kg).

This is a good option for starting a business from scratch if you organize a reception point in a multi-storey residential area. In almost every apartment there is a lot of rubbish that has been lying around in the corners for years and is simply thrown into the trash. Simply because there is no place nearby where it can be rented out, even for little money.

The collection of equipment containing precious metals does not require licensing, but the company must be registered with the Assay Office. Therefore, in order to avoid obtaining permits at the first stage, you can operate under an agreement with one of these companies, having a representative office in your city or region.

Finally.

There are three main sources of recyclables:

• reception directly from the population,
• removal of defects and waste from organizations and enterprises;
• collection, transportation from landfills of solid waste.

The latter is the most stable, although its implementation will require concluding an agreement with the municipal housing and communal services service. It is necessary to provide for the costs of specialized equipment, which are usually small. In general, this activity does not require licensing, with the exception of work with scrap metal and hazardous waste (batteries, mercury). It falls under the patent tax system - the most beneficial for small businesses.

Site columnist Elizaveta Semyonova figured out how to build a business in the field of recycling and waste processing, what funds and resources are needed for this, how things are with competition in this area and whether it is possible to make money from such a business.

Garbage is a unique resource: people are willing to pay for both its acquisition and its sale. In addition, this resource is inexhaustible.

Recycling - headache municipal authorities, a potentially knowledge-intensive industry with virtually zero competition and a highly profitable business.

None of the regions of Russia has a developed waste management system. To understand the scale of the problem: on this moment The country has more than 31 billion tons of unrecycled waste. Unutilized means those with which nothing was done: they were not burned, not buried, and especially not processed - they are simply located on Russian territory.

The problem of waste disposal in the 21st century seems especially ridiculous because at every stage of this process there is money to be made - literally from nothing.

Legal side of the issue

State participation in recycling consists of environmental supervision, licensing, reporting, monitoring compliance with standards and setting tariffs for waste disposal.

The legal regulation of garbage relations (Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”) is determined by five classes: from “extremely hazardous” waste of the first class to “virtually non-hazardous” waste of the fifth. Categorization is based on the level of damage to the environment (examples in order of decreasing damage: mercury, asbestos dust - oil products, acids - pig manure, diesel fuel - tires, paper - shells, sawdust), but for commercial analysis It is more convenient to group classes by origin. The first three classes are industrial and construction waste, and the fourth and fifth are household waste (the so-called MSW - municipal solid waste).

The owner of waste of classes 1–4 can transfer the right to dispose of it to a person only if that person has the appropriate license: for their use, neutralization, transportation, disposal. From January 1, 2016, any unlicensed activity of this kind will be considered illegal. In addition, all people involved in such a business must have a certificate confirming their professional training.

To find out what class of waste you will have to deal with, its owner (legal entity) must order an examination. In addition to the fact that garbage is considered property, it also has a passport.

The law says nothing about solid waste of the fifth, non-hazardous class. Thus, no permits are needed if the business works with food waste, metals, waste paper, wood, plastic containers, and plastic film.

There are several main stages in the disposal and processing of solid waste.

Transportation

The primary task of waste disposal is its direct removal from the consumer’s territory.

The company of Canadian Brian Scudamore began with a used truck for $700 and the slogan “We"ll stash your trash in a flash!” (“We'll destroy your trash in no time!”) in 1989. While saving money for college, Scudamord free time took away garbage that local authorities could not cope with. Freed from the problem, the clients willingly paid, and the entrepreneur ultimately chose trash over study. Today, his company, 1-800-GOT-JUNK, has more than $100 million in annual revenue, with franchises in the United States, Canada and Australia.

Pros: there is no need for rental, complex equipment and expensive specialists.

Minuses: A significant expense item is fuel costs. In addition, it will not be possible to unload garbage on the side of the road; you need to negotiate with the landfill.

Profitability: the cost of removing a standard container (0.8 cubic meters) in Moscow is from 330 rubles. One garbage truck contains 25–60 such containers. Pricing in this area is subject to market laws, but is highly dependent on tariffs for waste storage (disposal).

Starter kit: special transport, drivers.

Competition: Garbage removal for private individuals is included in the “maintenance of residential premises” and is the responsibility of municipalities, but in servicing legal entities, competition is quite high - about 500 official companies are registered in Moscow alone.

Peculiarities: The main problem of this business is reducing transport costs. The solution is achieved in two ways, and both are associated with increasing the capacity of garbage containers: a garbage truck with a press (manifold increases transportation productivity and reduces the cost of disposal), a trash can with a press (beneficial for the client, since it reduces the frequency of garbage disposal).

Pressing

The American company Seahorse Power began developing bins with a press in 2004, introducing the world to autonomous BigBelly solar-powered pressing units. The operation of the press is based on a chain drive without using the principles of hydraulics, and maintenance of the installation is reduced only to the annual lubrication of the door locking mechanism.

A wireless notification system allows you to automatically monitor container fill levels, providing additional opportunities to improve process logistics. The price tag for the device ($3.1-3.9 thousand) can be considered as a long-term investment, since the capacity of the container is five times higher than that of a conventional tank.

The company is valued today at $5 million.

Source: Wikipedia

Despite the importance of timely waste removal and compaction, the above-described manipulations do not solve main problem: garbage needs to be stored somewhere or destroyed somehow.

You can look at waste as rubbish that needs to be disposed of, or as a resource. These opposing principles form two approaches to waste management.

Accommodation

Disposal of waste - its storage or burial: waste with an uncertain fate needs to be stored somewhere, but burial implies complete isolation, preventing any interaction with the environment.

Pros: business for the lazy.

Minuses: rapid depletion of area (a million-plus city requires an additional 40 hectares annually), relatively low profitability (since landfill tariffs are set by the municipality).

Profitability: disposal of a ton of solid waste in Leningrad region costs 400–1000 rubles, a non-pressing garbage truck can deliver from two to ten tons at a time.

Starter kit: several hectares of free land outside the settlement, water protection and recreational zones.

Competition: There are officially 1,092 landfills in Russia, and almost all of them are already approaching or exceeding 100% occupancy.

Peculiarities: the landfill must have a waterproof bottom and protection from the wind, so ideally it should be built. However, most landfills are of “natural” origin - such as “Krasny Bor” in the Leningrad region, located above clay deposits. Clay was supposed to protect groundwater from toxic substances, - it turned out not.

Legal subtleties: it is necessary to obtain permission to create a location (confirms compliance with geological, hydrological and other standards), enter the landfill into the unified state register and monitor the environmental situation - even after the end of operation.

Waste incineration

In most cases, arson is carried out illegally - in order to somehow relieve the pressure on landfills. There are only about ten legal waste incineration plants in Russia today.

Low competition should not create illusions: although it is expected to achieve profit through associated energy production, most waste incineration plants are exclusively subsidized, since the combustion of solid waste by all rules is a very expensive procedure. Therefore, considering such recycling as a business would be overly optimistic.

The only advantage of waste incineration is that it reduces the volume of waste by 90-95%, that is, it saves space at the landfill, but this cannot justify the terrible damage that this causes to the environment.

Those who are passionate about the idea of ​​more progressive waste management need to be prepared for the following obstacle: the fact that in Russia disposal is charged by the state - and charged cheaply - demotivates people to look for any alternative methods of disposal. For comparison, in the United States, burying and incinerating waste is three times more expensive than recycling it.

Sorting

Any processing is impossible without sorting. At the same time, most recyclable materials lose their consumer properties when mixed in a common container - paper, for example, becomes damp and rots. Therefore, recycling is most effective (and easy to implement) if sorting is carried out at the waste collection stage - this way, up to 60-80% of solid waste can be reused. However, this requires a revision of the entire recycling paradigm (a well-known project in this area is the Japanese concept of Zero Waste).

Pros: the demand for sorting is quite high - you can find a buyer even abroad (for example, the Swedes and Danes import garbage from Germany and Norway to produce electricity).

Minuses: expensive equipment - a full-fledged waste sorting complex costs around 4 million rubles. The costs of organizing separate collection waste in St. Petersburg alone costs 1.5 billion rubles.

Profitability: depends on the quality of the raw materials. In rubles per ton: waste paper - from 500 to 10,000, broken glass - 2000–3000, plastic - up to 4000, ferrous scrap metal - up to 8000.

Starter kit: premises, installations (shredder, press, conveyor, crusher and others), workers, (optional) vehicle fleet.

Competition: Only 50 waste sorting complexes are registered in Russia.

Peculiarities: Sorting can be implemented in the form of purchasing individual types of waste (sorting at the collection stage). This is less profitable, but does not require any expensive installations.

Recycling

Recycling is anything that turns waste into something useful, be it energy, new raw materials, fertilizers, and so on.

Composting

The most simple option is composting - recycling organic waste into homogeneous, odorless brown dust that improves the properties of the soil. It consists of accelerating natural decomposition processes and can include up to 30% solid waste (food, grass, manure, cardboard, sawdust). Does not require any complex equipment, compost heap It just needs stirring and moistening.

Pyrolysis

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of waste that occurs without oxygen. It differs from simple combustion in that at the output, in addition to recyclable materials, it allows you to obtain electrical energy, gasoline, diesel and heating oil (analogue of fuel oil). The quality of the pyrolysis product directly depends on the composition of solid waste, so pre-sorting plays a decisive role here. This type of recycling has many advantages: it is environmentally friendly, significantly reduces the volume of waste and provides thermal energy that can be used.

The cheapest is the processing of mono-raw materials. A successful example The Danish company Gypsum Recycling International can serve. GRI was founded in 2001 and, thanks to its sophisticated collection, logistics and patented mobile recycling technology, is today the world leader in recycling efficiency (the process of returning waste, discharges and emissions into technogenesis processes - editor's note), giving a second life to 80% of gypsum waste.

Pros: high profitability and demand for recyclable materials, low level competition, the interest of foreign investors and the favor of the authorities, a fairly quick payback (from two to five years).

Minuses: requires substantial start-up investments (the bill runs to tens of thousands of dollars, in case complex processing- millions, you can save on used equipment), there is no guarantee of full capacity utilization of such high-tech plants, since the waste collection system in Russia today is extremely chaotic.

Due to the underdevelopment of the market, prices for recyclable materials are very unstable: when demand increases, suppliers can no longer cope with waste collection and prices rise sharply; when demand falls, goods quickly accumulate and fill storage facilities, and therefore are sold at bargain prices.

Profitability: very high, especially if the recycling plant is also a manufacturer of the recycled product. For example, by buying a ton of green cullet for 2,000 rubles, processing it into glass powder, and then blowing a batch of bottles and selling each for 50 (approximate price in Moscow), you can ultimately earn about 100 thousand rubles.

Starter kit: production premises with an area of ​​at least 200 square meters, a warehouse with an area of ​​at least 100 square meters, equipped in accordance with sanitary and fire requirements, installations, technologists and workers, (optional) vehicle fleet.

Competition: In Russia, only 5% of the total volume of waste is recycled, while 50% of solid waste consists of raw materials that can be reused. In total, there are 243 waste processing plants registered in the country, and none of them carries out a full recycling cycle.

Peculiarities: the efficiency of waste recycling depends on the quality of sorting, therefore the best waste recycling complex is a complex system, established from collection and sorting to distribution to the consumer. This cannot be done without close interaction with the authorities and a whole campaign to create a culture of waste management.

Legal subtleties: processing permit required.

Waste recycling as a business in Russia is a new profitable direction. After all, it is practically impossible to name an area of ​​activity that would not be occupied by businessmen of our country.

Ministry natural resources reports that the amount of various garbage “produced” by the average family is one and a half tons per year.

The relevance of creating such a waste sorting complex obvious. For an entrepreneur starting his own business, it will be a plus:

1. "Green light" from local governments. Supporting a favorable environmental situation is a priority task for authorities at all levels.
2. Huge volume of raw materials supplied. Often, in populated areas The area of ​​unauthorized, spontaneous landfills is only increasing. Therefore, waste disposal as a business will cope well with the growing waste stream.
3. Possibility to vary the technological process. If it is impossible to build a waste processing plant, you can get by by renting a hangar and organizing a sorting line. And purchase equipment only when the organization reaches self-sufficiency.
4. Growing market for the sale of sorted raw materials.

Important! Waste recycling as a business becomes profitable after 3-4 years from the start of activity. The net profit (even when organizing the sorting process in a small city with a population of 30 to 50 thousand people) is about 4 million rubles per year.

Rational planning for a recycling business

Before starting a business, you need to draw up a competent business plan for sorting waste. To competently assess all risks, it is better to seek help from professionals working in a similar direction. The best option is to visit an enterprise for sorting/processing/transporting waste and recyclable materials.

Basic points for getting started with waste management

1. Obtaining relevant documents from the licensing authorities (Ministry of Environment) for the right to operate.
2. Approval by local authorities of the location waste recycler factory (workshop), warehouse. Selection of land.
3. Obtaining a conclusion from a specialized environmental assessment for this type of activity.
4. Formation of an accompanying package of normative legal acts (regulatory and legal acts): legal and design documents for various (shop and office) premises; coordination of activities with fire protection, SES, and utility workers working in this area of ​​the area.
5. Purchase of specialized equipment.
6. Selection, specialized training of personnel for the enterprise.
7. Purchasing the required amount of transport to ensure the functioning of the waste recycling business.

Comfortable! In order to avoid significant loss of time for paperwork, it is worth contacting enterprises involved in obtaining licenses for turnkey organizations. Competent lawyers work with individual entrepreneurs and persons with different statuses (individuals and legal entities). The price category varies depending on the number of activities of the waste recycling line.

Creating an Activity Plan

Cost-benefit analysis of waste recycling

Costs with a volume of solid waste of 32 thousand tons (per year) and a volume of sorted raw materials of 5-6 thousand tons
1.	One-time investment for construction processing plant and associated warehouses/hangars for storing garbage and recyclables	31 million
2.	Monthly deductions (depreciation) of the main fund	3 million
3.	Fuel expenses	357 thousand
4.	Repair and maintenance of waste processing plant/equipment	231 thousand rubles.
5.	Electrical resources	651 thousand
6.	Payroll (with maximum fulfillment of staffing schedule)	3.83 million
7.	Tax deductions	1 million.
8.	Special clothing for staff	50 thousand.
	Total (per year)	9.1 million.

Recycling waste involves the enormous complexity of organizing the technological process. Therefore, to begin with, it is better to get by with one area of ​​working with solid waste, and then increase the number of areas for processing types of waste.

Selecting an industry segment in waste processing

In order to competently build a waste recycling business, you need to assess the specifics of the waste produced by the region. It depends on the terrain profile, climatic conditions. In what directions can you work?

Plastic (polymers)

Containers made from this material are very common in use. During recycling, plastic is sorted and sorted according to its color. Resin processing equipment removes stickers and labels. As a result, the raw materials are used to create paving slabs, brushes, plastic containers for various purposes.

Paper derivatives

In production, paper is sorted by purity white. The most primitive way is to dissolve it in chemicals. aqueous solutions followed by removal of unnecessary impurities. As a rule, the end result of working with waste paper is the production of toilet paper (a very profitable business), egg cartons, and components of roofing material.

Construction materials

Megacities are an inexhaustible source of large goods construction waste. The line for processing materials remaining after the dismantling of buildings produces secondary crushed stone, screenings, and metal elements.

Plant waste

Compost from plant raw materials is purchased by manufacturers of soils for plants. The production segment is very young, the sales market is at the initial stage of development.

Rubber

A business plan for recycling waste with rubber components will give results very quickly. Due to the ban on waste disposal through incineration, the amount of unused products (tires, tires, rubber slabs for sidewalks) is increasing. The most popular method has become the grinding of rubber into small, round elements. This filler is widely used as a bulk covering on children's and sports grounds. This product is convenient for transportation.

Enterprises whose profile is working with tires use the pyrolysis method. Through a complex technological process of tire processing, raw materials are decomposed into 3 components: a carbonaceous product, artificially produced oil, additional raw materials for metallurgical production.

Wood and sawdust

Only by-products from logging (branches, twigs, sawdust) are considered wood waste. After going through the recycling process, raw materials make it possible to create high-quality gasoline and diesel fuel. fuel. It becomes a derivative material for the production of flammable gas and electricity.

Glass containers

Working with glass. It is very easy to extract raw materials from imported solid waste. And business waste recycling with only one priority component will be convenient when calculating the plan and purchasing specialized equipment. Glass blowing factories and workshops like to work with finished glass: the organization spends a minimum of energy on creating raw materials, and heats up the finished glass.

Metals

Source - used, old metal objects motor vehicles, mechanisms, etc. The main point will be the sorting of scrap into ferrous and non-ferrous metals. The huge sales market makes this waste processing segment profitable and the most optimal for implementation.

Batteries

Recycling and disposal of batteries. A fairly young direction with the goal of organizing a business in waste recycling. Not very popular due to the complexity of the process. Zinc and manganese are extracted from such a storage tank. But the volumes of raw materials of this type utilized by the population are insignificant, which does not make such work profitable.

Where to get garbage?

It would seem that the question is not relevant. But to reduce the cost of delivering raw materials, it is advantageous to locate the enterprise directly near landfills with the concomitant conclusion of an agreement for the supply of specialized waste. It will be helpful to work closely with collection points for glass, waste paper, scrap metal, and plastic.

The positive experience of European countries shows that when waste is collected separately, it reuse reaches 80%. Domestic production reaches only 20% of the value due to the complexity of organizing the process of separating waste into individual components.

Weigh the pros and cons of recycling

Even the most beautiful medal has two sides. When organizing a waste disposal business, evaluate all the risks and benefits.

Pros:

1. A simple procedure for processing documents, unlimited support from the authorities.
2. Mind-blowing profitability, quickly achieving self-sufficiency.
3. The profitability of a medium-sized business ranges from one to several tens of millions of rubles.
4. Maintaining satisfactory ecological state the area where processing production is organized.

Minuses:

1. There is no organized separate waste collection. The need for an organization to separate raw materials into categories.
2. The manager of the enterprise will need to regularly look for suppliers of waste (MSW).
3. High cost of equipment. A standard set: storage containers, conveyor belt, crusher, magnet, washing machine, centrifuge, dryer will cost several tens of millions of rubles.

It is worth starting a business with one production line. This model will reduce costs and provide profits in as soon as possible. There are standard complexes for processing paper, glass, and polyethylene. They are erected in a minimum amount of time and are efficient in the volume of recycled materials produced.
When organizing production, experts recommend using domestic equipment. It is high quality and reliable in operation. You can purchase consumables to service the process without leaving the state.

Waste recycling various types in Russia - profitable business With high degree income with reasonable investments.

Purpose of this project is the creation of production, main activity which is the processing of waste with the further production of valuable fractions that are suitable for processing and subsequent compaction by 5-7 times and briquetting into blocks. The business plan provides calculations of investment and profitability for an enterprise with a capacity of 100,000 tons per year, and also assumes possible expansion into a network of processing complexes.

A business plan for waste recycling is an opportunity to assess the prospects for implementing a waste disposal project, reduce the environmental load, improve the sanitary situation, and comprehensively solve the problem of solid waste.

This business plan involves the creation of a production infrastructure for plastic processing, as well as the opening of production, the basis of which is the production of commercial secondary products: paving slabs, building and finishing structures, environmentally friendly insulation, packaging containers, compost, etc.

The introduced waste recycling technology makes it possible to return valuable secondary resources (paper, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, cardboard, plastic, glass) back into circulation, reduce the number of landfills and landfills, and simplify waste storage. The project has significant economic and environmental significance.

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Analysis of potential consumers and sales market

The problem of solid waste does not lose its relevance, since it is directly related to the normal life of the population, sanitary cleaning of cities, environmental protection and resource conservation. The waste that is generated as a result of human activity is nothing more than a heterogeneous mixture of multi-level morphological composition. A city dweller annually produces more than 200-300 kg of waste. Delaying the removal and disposal process leads to global epidemics and serious urban pollution. The business plan proposes to extract maximum benefit from recycled materials and turn them into an energy source.

The attractiveness of this type of activity is observed both in the category of private and larger-scale investment. Conducted research indicates that services and products of this enterprise will be in steady demand among production and procurement companies secondary resources, industrial enterprises and paper mills.

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Business case based on process features

As a result of processing waste plastic, secondary polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polyethylene and polypropylene are formed. Use recycled plastic Any enterprise whose activities are not related to the packaging of food and pharmaceuticals can.

Sales of recycled polyethylene are carried out in the average price range from 8.8 to 18 rubles per 1 kg. Proper organization technological process makes it possible to obtain 0.8 kg of polyethylene from 1 kg of plastic. The entire mass of waste thrown out daily by the population consists of 25% food waste, 10% - paper, 50% - polymers, the rest is textiles, metal, glass and rubber.

Classic disposal methods are currently ineffective and potentially dangerous due to the emergence of “landfill gas”, which provokes the greenhouse effect.

Methods for recycling various wastes

Solid waste in the form plastic packaging are the most difficult to process. There is currently talk about introducing a waste separation system, but the legislative framework does not regulate this process. Therefore, a business plan will help to analyze all prospects for creating primary capital in this segment and assess the opportunity to occupy a production niche.

Using a press for sorting and recycling solid waste within a month, you can get 8 tons of waste paper, 1,000 kg of polymers, 200 kg of aluminum cans and plastic bottles. A ton of recyclable materials is estimated: waste paper - 1,500 rubles, polymers - 9,000 rubles, aluminum cans- 15,000 rub. Such indicators allow us to expect production profits of 17,000-18,000 rubles per month.

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Technological features of the project implementation

The business plan involves the implementation of a project designed for an area of ​​600 m², including a processing workshop - 500 m² and a warehouse - 100 m². Each of the above premises must comply with sanitary and fire safety standards and requirements. Implementing these requirements will require a capital investment of $2,000 to $3,000. When choosing premises, preference should be given to the urban outskirts or industrial zone of the city; the minimum distance from residential buildings is 600 m.

To process solid waste, you need a sorting line, a crusher, a press, a storage hopper, a magnet and a number of other technical devices, the choice of which will depend on the scale of the enterprise and the investment base. When choosing between domestic and imported equipment, take into account the fact that domestic models are simple and economical to maintain, but are not inferior in performance, efficiency and versatility.

A special feature of solid waste processing is that it involves the use of manual labor. For this reason, even for a small enterprise, the business plan is designed for 40-50 service personnel. The shift work schedule involves working a shift of 10-15 people with an average salary of 15,000-20,000 rubles.

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Investment requirement of the project

The analysis allows us to conclude that the creation of an integrated waste processing enterprise requires an investment of 20 million dollars. Such a complex will make it possible to effectively process all types of solid waste, including rubber, plastic, wood, glass, paper, and metal. To organize a workshop whose activities are based on the disposal of one type of waste, about $150,000 is required.

Launching an enterprise of this type requires obtaining a number of permits. First of all, we are talking about a license from the Ministry of Ecology, which allows for the collection and processing of solid waste. To obtain it, it is necessary to undergo an environmental assessment, the results of which are confirmed by an environmental report.

Having received this conclusion and design documentation and description technological processes processing enterprise, it is necessary to obtain permission from the municipal and water management of the city, sanitary and fire service. It is mandatory to obtain permission from the waste department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Russian Federation to generate and dispose of waste on its territory. Obtaining permits and licenses takes about 4 months, which also takes into account the business plan.