Planet in plastic packaging. How to rid the planet of plastic bags and plastic packaging? What are the alternatives to plastic

26.04.2012 - 23:37

It is said that factories and factories pollute the environment the most. Perhaps, if we talk about air, then it really is. However, the household waste generated by 7 billion people on Earth has filled our planet beyond measure ... What can each of us do to make the world cleaner? Read some useful tips and find out how the "garbage business" was in the USSR ...

Mountains of plastic bottles

We go to the store, buy milk, meat, cottage cheese, bread, vegetables, fruits, soda, sweets and other products. By the end of the day, there are several plastic bottles, plastic bags, cans, boxes in our trash can. And so every day, month after month, year after year ... Not only we, but also our neighbors and millions of other people are garbage machines. All these disposable products of the chemical industry are sent to the landfill, where they burn, by no means ozonizing the atmosphere.

And thousands of factories are increasing their capacity, creating more and more plastic bags, bottles, boxes ... Needless to say, their work eats up natural resources and pollutes water and air?

And this is also part of the trouble - plastic containers, which, as we know, cannot decompose, are already lying around in every corner, under every bush and tree - in all places where the master of the planet has walked.

Have you seen, even in the picture, the Great Garbage Patch in the Atlantic Ocean? This is a huge amount of garbage, consisting mainly of plastic packaging thrown into the water. This heap contains over a hundred tons of garbage!

However, let's not talk about the obvious - everyone knows very well that our planet is threatened by an ecological catastrophe. Let's still figure out how you can fight the trash evil.

USSR - we have no garbage!

So, 70-80s, the Soviet Union, a small provincial town. Everyone went to the dairy store with a 3-liter can and a liter can for sour cream, which served faithfully for years. Sometimes milk was sold in glass bottles, which were then taken back (for money).

The same was true for the lemonade bottles. "Buratino" or "Duchess" cost 25 kopecks, and an empty bottle was taken for 10 kopecks. Alcohol bottles were also put into circulation over and over again. Many people even kept crates of empty bottles as capital.

The mayonnaise was sold in the famous little jars. I don’t know if they were accepted back, because it never occurred to anyone. They were very taken care of, because jars have always been used, for example, for taking tests in a polyclinic.

Almost all bulk goods were brought in large cardboard boxes, and when purchased, they were wrapped in paper bags - sweets, sugar, cereals, pasta. Fish, meat, fruits and vegetables were wrapped in paper.

The vegetable oil in the store was stored in barrels (like herring). The saleswoman poured oil into your bottle and wrapped the herring in paper.

The bread was sold without packaging, and it was brought from the bakery hot, in wooden trays, which, after unloading on store shelves, were immediately sent back.

Many brought transparent plastic bags with them to stores, but this was a terrible shortage, so they were washed and dried after use. The same applied to the large packages of pictures that served the family faithfully for many years. However, only young people were fond of colorful scarce packages, the rest - both old and young - peacefully went to the store with string bags and shopping bags.

Clothes and shoes were also packed in paper or boxes. Household chemicals were mainly contained in cardboard packaging and were rare, housewives mainly used laundry soap. Shampoo was a luxury, everyone was washed with bath or toilet soap, which were sold without packaging.

Household appliances with the last bit of strength served one family for many years, and for this reason they were practically not thrown away. If a well-deserved washing machine, which has faithfully worked for 25 years, was thrown into the trash, then the nimble pioneers immediately dragged it to scrap (household appliances were mostly made of iron, even vacuum cleaners).

As a result, the trash was practically only cans, paper and food waste. Moreover, the latter in small towns went to another bucket - to feed small and large livestock - their own or their neighbors, because many kept rabbits, chickens and goats.

By the way, in Leningrad, up to the 90s, there were containers for food waste, which were taken to the nearest state farms. Now on this waste, on which it is possible to grow herds of pigs and cows, garbage rats are fed ...

Of course, few people want to return to the USSR and the era of total food shortages, but something useful can be learned from history ... But more on that below.

Don't pollute the planet!

What can we do here and now to make the planet cleaner?

First, you need to support the producers of environmentally friendly packaging - by purchasing their products. Products contained in vegetable parchment, which decompose in the soil into glucose and water, without emitting harmful gases, began to appear on the market.

Second, it might be worthwhile for someone to reconsider their diet. Now a lot of products have appeared, which, as they say, "not to the mind, not to the heart."

For example, soda contains sugar, which makes you want to drink even more. Plain water (you can drink it with lemon) quenches your thirst much better. Or chips and other snacks, the production of which the chemical industry has much more to do with than the food industry.

You can list similar products for a long time, but this is a topic for another article. Just read the composition of the products that you are going to buy and think - do you need IT in your body? Both the health benefits and the planet will become cleaner, because without eating something harmful, you will not throw away the packaging of this product.

Thirdly, it is worth adopting some experience from the USSR. In the markets, for example, products are natural, but they cost the same as in supermarkets, and sometimes much cheaper.

Meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts, honey, even vegetable oil are sold by weight. Of course, sellers pack everything in the same bags, but you can bring reusable containers - bottles, cans, containers.

To this day, the markets sell draft milk, which, oddly enough, is cheaper and at the same time has not been restored from powder (you can see for yourself - market milk, having stood in the refrigerator overnight, pleases with cream in the morning).

On the market you can also buy draft sour cream, loose cottage cheese, yogurt, curd mass, even condensed milk and jam. But if only a thousand people buy milk and sour cream "in a jar" at least once a week, then there will be a thousand fewer plastic bottles in the world ...

The same applies to packages - if at least a thousand people come to the store with "their" package for groceries, the world will become cleaner. By the way, now there are light shopping bags on sale that are conveniently folded and fit even in handbags without taking up space. If such bags appear in the notorious thousand of people, then in a year the world will become cleaner by 365 thousand plastic bags ...

But there are millions of us! If the old and banal truth that the Earth is our common home reaches millions, and they do even a trifle for the good of the planet, then the environment will become a million times cleaner ...

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October 17, 2014, 13:31

It is no secret that we all live in a disposable world in which the senseless processing of limited natural resources into waste for the sake of current profit and vain overconsumption is rapidly destroying the human environment. Plastics have long replaced most of the glass and other materials previously used for packaging goods. It's much cheaper. Every year, 20 million tons of plastic are used to make plastic bottles alone in the world. There is no way to recycle all the used plastic, and it lies in landfills, floats in the ocean and decomposes.

40% of the total plastic waste is plastic bottles. 4 out of 5 bottles in the US are made of plastic. In other countries of the world, this figure is much higher. Complete decomposition of bottles can take 400-500 years. Over 13 billion plastic bottles are produced worldwide every year. it takes 24 million gallons of oil to produce a billion plastic bottles. It turns out that 90% of the price we pay for water is the cost of plastic!

In the vastness of the Pacific Ocean, the North Pacific subtropical whirlpool is known - a large-scale and slow current, twisting clockwise, which causes changes in air pressure and temperature. This area is a kind of desert in the ocean, filled with plant plankton, but extremely poor in large fish or mammals. Permanent calm and the absence of game animals do not attract shipping here: rarely does a ship cross these edges. And besides plankton, only rubbish is found here. Millions of tons of garbage is the colossal dump on our planet, slowly drifting across the Pacific Ocean.

It was discovered by accident in 1997 by oceanographer Charles Moore, sailing in that area of ​​the Pacific Ocean on a sailing yacht. He had to wade through the jungle of plastic waste for a whole week, the sight impressed him so much that he became an environmental activist.

The currents of the maelstrom formed two garbage formations at once, known as the East and West Pacific Garbage Plots - and together they are sometimes called the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. The eastern section lies between Hawaii and California and is twice the size of Texas. The western landfill is located east of Japan. But do not think that only the Americans or the Japanese are to blame for this: the great Pacific garbage is collected by almost all of humanity. Subtropical zones of currents extend for 6 thousand km and accumulate debris collected from all over the Pacific Ocean.

Moreover, all this rubbish, contrary to popular belief, is not a hard surface. In consistency, all of this is more like a soup, in which a huge amount of plastic is mixed. The sizes of plastic garbage that make up the Pacific garbage patch are different, many of them are no more than 1-3 cm, but their size is not so important, the total weight and volume.

But what scares scientists more is the growth rate of the garbage island. For 40 years, the island has grown 100 times (!).

The main ocean pollutants are the countries of Southeast Asia, China and India. It is considered in the order of things here to throw garbage directly into a nearby body of water.

The surface of the Yangtze River is covered with a layer of debris

Songhuajiang River in northeastern China

Ganges, India

Marilao River, Philippines

Manila Bay, Philippines

Indonesia, a country of 17,000 islands, is facing dire problems with garbage that spoils the waters of rivers and seas. This is due to the fact that the places where the most crowded and large population live are not served by waste recycling companies. Poor people, like 100 years ago, litter in rivers, but centuries ago they did not have plastic. The used packaging is carried out into the ocean by rivers.

The Tsitarum River, located on the island of Java in Indonesia, is considered the dirtiest in the world:

Today, the Tsitarum River is in an ecological catastrophe, choking on tons of household waste produced by nine million people and emissions from hundreds of factories.

The debris carpet on the surface of the river is so dense that the only reminder that there is water here is a small wooden boat sailing along the river.

In addition to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, there are four other giant debris accumulations in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, each of which, together with the Great Pacific Garbage, corresponds to one of the five major ocean current systems. There is a similar "garbage" island in the Sargasso Sea. In the old days, there were legends about the island, which consisted of the wreckage of ship masts and the remains of ships, now, instead of wooden wreckage, plastic bags and bottles drift.

The concentration of debris in the world's oceans is so high that about 9% of fish have plastic residues in their stomachs. According to the calculations of scientists, fish eat almost 20 thousand tons of plastic every year. Large amounts of durable plastic end up in the stomachs of seabirds and animals, in particular sea turtles and black-footed albatrosses.

In the Pacific Ocean, because of plastic waste, more than a million seabirds and about one hundred thousand marine animals die every year. In the digestive system of dead seabirds, toothbrushes, lighters and syringes are found, which the birds, mistaking for food, swallow.

Plastic debris has reached the most secluded corners of the Arctic.
A specialist from Darmouth, while working with ice particles for the study of Arctic microorganisms, in parallel with the necessary results, made a very unpleasant discovery for himself and for the whole world. It turns out that there are traces of microplastic pollution even in remote areas of the central Arctic ice.

The study involved ice samples taken from a depth of 1-3.5 meters. Most often, the scientist came across multi-colored plastic fragments of an irregular shape less than 2 mm in diameter and in the form of stripes and ribbons less than 0.02 mm long, clearly alien to this ecosystem. This means that the ubiquitous plastic pollution has reached the northernmost waters of the planet, previously considered out of danger.

Fragments of plastic, mainly of the kind used for making cigarette filters, diapers, napkins, etc., are so small that after the ice thaws they fall into the water and can be easily swallowed by fish, birds and mammals, as happens in other contaminated waters.

But there is also encouraging news. Dutch company Whim Architecture has developed an interesting project to create an artificial island of plastic debris floating in certain regions of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

The so-called "Recycled Island" is currently the largest waste disposal project in the ocean. According to the developers' plan, the new island will be comparable in size to the Hawaiian Islands, and will be a concentration of green technologies. The creation of this island can bring tangible environmental and economic benefits - in addition to the fact that humanity will get rid of thousands of tons of waste, the new island can become an attractive resort, able to fully provide itself with energy and food. All that remains is to collect the existing plastic and recycle it into building materials. According to the architects' calculations, the available garbage may be enough to build an island with an area of ​​up to 10,000 square kilometers. Specialized vessels will have to collect garbage from the vastness of the ocean, while other vessels will process waste into building material. Obviously, the Recycled Island project looks too complicated at the moment. It is more of an invitation to a discussion about how to cleanse the seas and oceans from the mountains of waste left by mankind.

This folder contains material for the scientific-practical conference "Search gives rise to discovery":

project, presentation, film "Fantasy from plastic"

Introduction

“We must not forget that the level of development of the system for collecting and processing secondary raw materials is, in fact, an eloquent indicator not only of our common culture, but also of the civilization of the economy as a whole. In addition, the environmental safety of the state directly depends on the efficiency of work in the field of waste management. This is our responsibility to future generations ”...

"Ensuring order on the ground means not only collecting garbage and municipal waste, but also using them rationally." A.G. Lukashenko.

We live in a rural area in the village of Zapolye, Vitebsk region, located 70 kilometers from the city. On the territory of the tree, there are 6 containers for garbage for 76 yards, which is extremely small, and garbage collection is not carried out regularly. So we get such mini - dumps around the village, which spoil the general view.

A large amount of garbage, especially empty plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plates, plastic bags on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem.

The project "Fantasy from plastic" is devoted to an important and topical topic of the present time - the problem of solid household waste.

Problem:

The purpose of the project: to identify the conditions and methods of recycling plastic bottles, plastic cups, plates, plastic bags.

Project objectives:

Find out the history of the origin and use of plastic bottles, disposable plastic dishes, plastic bags;

Study the chemical properties of plastic and polyethylene products;

Conduct a school competition for the best craft from a plastic bottle, disposable tableware, plastic bags "Plastic Fantasy"

Research methods:

* experiment;

* sociological survey;

* observation.

Significance and applied value of the work:

Stages of project implementation:

Stage 1. Preparatory.

Stage 2. Basic

Stage 3. Final

Expected Result:

The "blessing of civilization" replenishes the growing landfills like mushrooms. Therefore, the question of what to do with this mass of waste is becoming more acute. Burning is unacceptable, since they contain various synthetic materials, the combustion of which releases toxins. Burial is not an option, since this method of disposal of waste requires large areas. At the same time, atmospheric air and groundwater suffer. This means that we need to develop technologies that make it possible to use industrial waste. But besides this, it is important to educate a generation that will think about environmental protection, therefore it is necessary to start this work now.

View document content
"NPK Fantasy from plastic"

State educational institution

"Zapolskaya kindergarten - secondary school of Vitebsk region"

District scientific and practical conference of students

Vitebsk region

Ecology

Plastic fantasy

(recycling bottles and disposable plastic utensils)

Polunina Kristina Yurievna,

8th grade student;

Fedorova Ekaterina Andreevna,

7th grade student

Scientific adviser:

Ryabtseva Irina Mikhailovna,

physics and mathematics teacher

Vitebsk, 2014

1.Project "Fantasy from plastic"

Introduction ________________________________________ 2

Relevance of the project ______________________________ 2

Problem ________________________________________ 3

Purpose ____________________________________________ 3

Tasks __________________________________________ 3

Research methods ______________________________ 3

Significance and applied value of the work _____________ 3

Stages of the project __________________________ 4

Expected result ______________________________ 4

Conclusion ______________________________________ 4

2 .

1. Planet in plastic packaging ____________________ 5

2. Environmental problems associated with plastic bottles and packaging ____________________________________________ 6

3. Analysis of the sociological survey ___________________ 6 - 7

4. Observation results __________________________ 7 - 8

5. Do not eat from such plates twice ___________________ 8

6. Labeling on disposable tableware - what does it mean? _ 8 - 9

7. Dangerous plastic. What are these numbers? _________________ 10 - 11

9. Figures and facts __________________________________ 13

14 -18

4. Conclusions ________________________________________________ 19

5. Conclusion _____________________________________________ 19

6. Resources used _________________________________ 19

Introduction

"Ensuring order on the ground means not only collecting garbage and municipal waste, but also using them rationally."

With the arrival of spring, putting things in order on the ground becomes especially urgent.

A large amount of garbage, especially empty plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plates, plastic bags on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem.

The project "Fantasy from plastic" is devoted to an important and topical topic of the present time - the problem of solid household waste.

The streets of our village, the roads are littered with garbage, most of which are plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plastic bags.

To identify the conditions and methods of recycling plastic bottles, plastic cups, plates, plastic bags.

Project objectives:

find out the history of the origin and use of plastic bottles, disposable plastic dishes, plastic bags;

study the chemical properties of plastic and polyethylene products;

hold a school competition for the best craft from a plastic bottle, disposable tableware, plastic bags "Plastic Fantasy"

Research methods:

* study of literary sources; internet resources

* experiment;

* sociological survey;

* observation.

Significance and applied value of the work:

to teach schoolchildren to take care of the nature around us, to instill in them the skills of manual labor, to expand knowledge about the history of things.

Stages of project implementation:

Stage 1. Preparatory.

1. Studying the history of the creation and use of plastic and polyethylene products in the food industry.

2. Study of the chemical properties of plastic and polyethylene products.

Stage 2. Basic

Making crafts from plastic bottles, disposable plastic dishes, plastic bags.

Stage 3. Final

1. Participation in competitions, exhibitions;

2. Release of the booklet "Fantasy from plastic".

Expected Result:

* find out when plastic bottles, disposable plastic dishes, plastic bags appeared;

* find out whether the plastic container is beneficial or harmful;

* find ways to recycle plastic waste;

* We will master the technologies of making crafts from plastic waste and find their application in life;

* we will share our findings with the villagers.

The "blessing of civilization" replenishes the growing landfills like mushrooms. Therefore, the question of what to do with this mass of waste is becoming more acute. Burning is unacceptable, since they contain various synthetic materials, the combustion of which releases toxins. Burial is not an option, since this method of disposal of waste requires large areas. At the same time, atmospheric air and groundwater suffer. This means that we need to develop technologies that make it possible to use industrial waste. But besides this, it is important to educate a generation that will think about environmental protection, therefore it is necessary to start this work now.

Results of our research.

Plastic and polyethylene containers in our country began to gain popularity just a couple of decades ago. Back in the early 90s, our grandmothers and mothers thoroughly washed each plastic bag, dried it and carefully folded it into a special jar for repeated (or better, reusable) use. At that time, few people heard about plastic bottles - beer and Coca-Cola were sold in cans and glass bottles. Along with the collapse of the USSR, the country gained independence, the availability of information flows and various "achievements" of the West. One of these "achievements" was the widespread use of plastic and plastic containers.

It would seem, what is it? The population received an affordable and convenient type of packaging - light, practical, cheap. No need to wash, no need to wash. It takes up little space. Moisture, air, microorganisms neither inside nor outside does not pass. It is practically not subject to decay.

“Look around in your office, kitchen or bedroom, plastic is everywhere. Our food packaging, clothes, computers, mobile phones, stationery and even toys ... "
In fact of the matter. Rotting, which means it is not subject to environmentally friendly disposal. It burns well, but at the same time it emits such a quantity of harmful substances into the atmosphere that it becomes scary. According to experts, a person throws out up to 250 kg of household waste per year. About 25% of them is food waste, 5-10% is paper, 50% is polymers, the rest is metal, textiles, rubber, glass and other rubbish. The classical way of waste disposal (container - garbage truck - landfill - reclamation) is today ineffective and, in addition, potentially dangerous, since even a carefully cultivated and filled with soil landfill is a source of "landfill gas" that stimulates the greenhouse effect. Despite the fact that in the West waste recycling is a profitable and profitable business, in our country, as it turned out, it is much easier to bury waste in the ground. But this cannot continue indefinitely, since almost all polygons are 50-60% full.

Environmental problems associated with plasticbottles and plastic packaging.

Clusters of plastic bottles and packaging on the planet are already forming real floating continents in the oceans. Scientists are sounding the alarm: giant debris has accumulated in the Pacific Ocean. These are mainly plastic and petroleum products. They are located somewhere in Japan and the west coast of the United States, and under the influence of the El-Hi current, they regularly move thousands of kilometers. According to rough estimates, this "plastic island" weighs 100 million "tons. And basically it is a kind of suspension of semi-decomposed plastic, which is not visible either from the air or from a satellite. According to the data, these accumulations of garbage pose a great threat to living organisms. Upon decomposition, plastic releases toxic substances that can cause serious hormonal disturbances in both animals and humans.

The threat from plastic containers for the Earth's ecology is not limited to this. The production of plastic bottles in the United States alone takes about 18 mil barrels of oil a year.

Studying the literature on this topic, we found that:

paper decomposes in the ground within 1 month,

banana peel - 6 months

wool - 1 year

wooden poles -4 years

paper cups - 5 years,

painted wood - 13 years old,

tin can - 100 years,

and a plastic bottle - from 500 years to 1000 years,

and the disintegration time of a glass bottle takes 1 million years.

People are already tired of the plastic waste they create themselves. The creation of plastic packaging has solved many problems, but it has generated just as much. The garbage that our fathers left at resting places has long turned into dust, and even our great-great-grandchildren will see our plastic bottles, because they are “eternal”.

In our village, you can still return glass bottles at the store in exchange for money, and these bottles are taken away for processing and making new bottles. But with plastic bottles, the situation is different, they are not accepted anywhere and often they are the ones that litter our streets!

We conducted a survey of students in our school.

Purpose: to find out what goods in plastic packaging are purchased, used and where the packaging goes.

48 families of students of our school took part in the survey. The survey participants were asked the following questions:

1. Do you buy products with plastic packaging? Which?

2. Where do you dispose of plastic bottles after use?

3. If you don’t throw it away, how do you use the plastic bottles?

The results of the survey showed the following result:

Question 1. Do you buy products with plastic packaging? Which?

Yes - 38 people

No - 1 person.

Mineral water - 22 people

Carbonated water, juices, drinks - 20 people

Sunflower oil - 20 people

Mayonnaise - 7 people

Ketchup - 4 people

Drinking yoghurt - 5 people

Curds, cakes, noodles, mashed potatoes, fish, salads, halva - 1 person each.

Question 2. Where do you put the plastic bottles after use?

Throwing out -29 people

Burning in the oven - 3 people

We use in the farm - 14 people

Burying - 2 people

Question 3 .. If you don't throw it away, how do you use the plastic bottles?

For planting seedlings - 14

For the household - 6 people

We use it for milk, kvass, jam - 5 people

We make a drain for water, use it for watering vegetables - 4

We do crafts - 3 people

The survey showed that families of students in our school buy food in plastic packaging and in most cases they throw away or burn the packaging, and not many use it in the household.

Observation results.

After examining the obtained data, we decided to find out who is to blame for the fact that there is so much plastic waste lying on our streets. To begin with, we went to the store in order to examine the number of products produced in plastic packaging. The results were impressive. The store in plastic packaging contains up to 10 types of shampoos from different manufacturers, liquid soaps and deodorants, 3 types of vegetable oils, several types of mayonnaise, drinking yoghurts and a huge selection of mineral, sweet soda water and beer. This once again confirms the information that plastic packaging is very convenient to use.

We counted the number of abandoned bottles on the streets where we often walk. We got the following result:

st. Soviet - from school to shop - 18 bottles

st. Soviet - from our house to school - 6 bottles

There are 39 bottles along the central road, as the locals dump all the garbage into the ravine that runs along the entire street and do not think about installing garbage containers.

Basically, the thrown bottles were from mineral or carbonated water, from beer, rarely vegetable oil. Conclusion: the inhabitants of our village buy food in plastic packaging and in most cases they throw the packaging outside their homestead territory, without worrying about the cleanliness of the streets, which is why there is so much plastic waste along the roads of our village.

Experts say: plates, forks, spoons and cups made of polymer materials cannot be used more than once.

This even applies to plastic water bottles. It is strictly forbidden to pour milk or alcoholic drinks there - you get a poisonous mixture.
The main rule when choosing disposable tableware is to carefully read the labeling. Each branded product must have a sign showing what the packaging is made of. If there is no labeling, then it is better to take care of your health and purchase the product in a glass container.

The PVC (PVC-polyvinylchloride) badge or the number 3 in the triangle at the bottom of the bottle or plastic packaging warns the buyer about its toxicity.

In addition to harmless glass containers, there is harmless food grade plastic, which is marked with letters:

PE (PE)- polyethylene,

PETF (PET) or PET (PET)- polyethylene terephthalate,

RR (PP)- polypropylene.

PS (PS)- means polystyrene (its code is number 6).

In addition, safety is confirmed by image of a plate and a fork, numbers 05 and 1.

Disposable tableware markings - what does it mean?

Not all buyers know what the labeling means and how they can be used.

	This marking indicates that the cookware is made of polystyrene... It can only be used for cold foods. You should never use them to heat food in microwave ovens. In this case, harmful toxins enter the food. In addition, alcoholic beverages should not be poured into dishes with such markings, since toxic substances are also released. The excreted styrene accumulates in the kidneys and liver and leads to various diseases.
	Plastic with such markings is made from polypropylene... Cookware with this mark can be used for hot drinks and food. Such dishes can withstand up to + 100 ° C. You can drink hot tea and coffee from polypropylene glasses, and heat food in the microwave on plates. Do not pour alcohol. Toxins are released from the contact of alcohol and polypropylene - formaldehyde and phenol. Kidneys and liver also suffer from these toxins, but there is still a possibility of going blind.
	The triangle on the package, consisting of three arrows, says the utensils are made from recycled materials. There are usually numbers inside the triangle. They talk about the type of processing. So if you see 1-19 is plastic, 20–39 - paper and cardboard, 40–49 - metal, 50-59 - wood, 60–69 - fabrics and textiles, 70–79 - glass.
	Drawn on the packaging sign "glass - fork" means that the dishes are suitable for all dishes, including the first (hot) ones. If the badge is applied to the packaging in this form, then the food can even be stored in such a container. But if such an icon is underlined, plastic products are not intended to come into contact with food.

Dangerous plastic

We often underestimate the danger it can pose to our health. It turns out that there is a relatively safe and dangerous plastic. Since we still have no way out, we should take care of choosing the lesser evil. Certain types of plastics are really dangerous.

Information about the material used in the manufacture of the package is located on its bottom in the form of a graphic symbol consisting of three arrows forming a triangle. In the middle of the triangle there are numbers from 1 to 7, indicating the type of material from which the packaging is made.

What are these numbers?

1 - PET (PET)

This plastic is mainly used in the production of disposable beverage containers. Typical PET packaging is mineral water bottles. Such packaging, even after thorough cleaning, can release toxic chemicals when reused. Never reuse this kind of material.

2 - HDPE (LDPE)

Low pressure polyethylene (high density) is used for the production of semi-rigid containers, it is one of the safest plastics and can be reused.

3 - PCV (PVC)

Polyvinyl chloride is very often used, for example, in the production of packaging films for food. PVC is hazardous to health and can release toxins. When PVC burns, it produces very hazardous chemicals known as dioxins, which are often more hazardous than potassium cyanide.

4 - LDPE (HDPE)

The high density (low density) polyethylene used in many types of packaging (such as plastic bags) is considered recyclable and safer than many other plastics, but not as safe as plastics 2 and 5.

5 - PP (PP)

Reusable polypropylene is often found as a material for food containers. It belongs to the group of the safest plastics along with material 2 (HDPE).

6 - PS (PS)

Polystyrene is well known in the form of foam. PS releases toxins and should not be used as food packaging. It is also rarely used for this purpose due to its lower chemical resistance to polyethylene, but is present, for example, in lids for disposable coffee cups.

7 - OTHER

Never reuse plastic items marked with the number 7. This group includes many types of harmful chemicals, including the very toxic bisphenol A (BPA), which can contribute to schizophrenia, depression or Alzheimer's disease. In addition, eating foods that come into contact with BPA can lead to nervous and endocrine disorders, and even cancer. Never use these products in microwave ovens that will penetrate the bisphenol A deeper into food.

It most often occurs in:

Bottles, dishes for children, in pacifiers;

Disposable packaging and tableware;

Epoxy resins on the inner surface of cans with canned products;

Cosmetic products as an antioxidant;

Medical equipment;

Kitchen appliances;

Glasses for glasses;

Water coolers;

Electronic and Automotive Industry.

In order to avoid poisoning from packed food, you should take into account simple nuances.

First of all, it should be remembered that disposable tableware is disposable.

Currently, plastic is an integral part of our life, and it will not be possible to get rid of it quickly in the kitchen. But you can try to minimize the harmful effects of plastic on our health. For this:

1. Use only plastics marked with 2 (HDPE) and 5 (PP) to store food.

2. Do not use plastic of other categories for storage of food, but give it for recycling. Do not reuse PET bottles or reheat food in the microwave oven in the food trays you bought it from (unless the packaging indicates they are suitable for this purpose).

2. Do not reheat food in the microwave oven in packages containing bisphenol (group 7), do not pour hot liquids into them, or do not wash in the dishwasher.

3. Use all plastic containers in accordance with the instructions on them (recommendations for temperature, use of the dishwasher, etc.).

4. Do not buy mineral water in plastic containers that have been exposed to the sun, but it is best to buy drinks (including milk, kefir, yogurt) in glass containers.

Disposable packaging and dishes are designed to be used once. Leaving them in reserve for storing other products is not worth it.

After use, the thin protective layer on the plastic is destroyed, and these dishes cannot be reused.

Always pay attention to the appearance of the package, its integrity, the legibility of the inscription, the expiration date.
Principle 1. Disposable tableware can be used strictly as intended.
Each type of disposable tableware contains an indication of what it is intended for: cold, hot, cold drinks, alcohol, etc. If you pour a hot drink into a glass intended for a cold drink, the plastic begins to release toxic substances.

Principle 2. Never leave food in an open jar, even in the refrigerator. Either buy a smaller package or seal tightly.
Principle 3. Do not store any products in disposable dishes, especially in used ones.
After using disposable tableware, the protective layer is destroyed, and when food is stored in it, for example, sugar, toxic substances pass into the product.

Principle 4. It is better not to take meat and cheese in the package.
Principle 5. Plastic dishes are not intended for ethanol-containing substances - alcohol.
Ethanol is a corrosive solvent. Toxic substances in plastic begin to dissolve and enter the drink.
Principle 6. The best option for disposable tableware is paper.

Principle 7. Often, melamine is a part of plastic dishes, which is especially abundant in me bright multi-colored tableware intended for children. In its normal state, it is not dangerous, but if you put something hot on a plate, the medanin begins to release toxins that enter the human body with food.
Paper is cellulose. Even if its particles enter the body, nothing terrible will happen.

Plastic bottles

While disposable cups are usually thrown away, handy plastic bottles are often left over.

In them in no way no milk to be poured, since fats in it are capable of dissolving some polymers, alcoholic drinks, kvass, compote. Polymers tend to "age" under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, high temperatures, so over time they begin to release substances harmful to humans.

Figures and facts

According to the United Nations Committee for Conservation of Nature, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million birds, 100,000 marine mammals and countless numbers of fish every year.

Recycling 1 ton of plastic saves 750 kg of oil.

Rational organization of solid waste (MSW) processing makes it possible to use up to 90% of recycled products in the construction industry, for example, as a filler for concrete blocks.

By recycling 670 aluminum cans, you can make a bicycle.

Recycling 1 kg of aluminum saves 8 kg of bauxite and 14 kWh of electricity.

When burned, 5 tons of garbage generate as much heat as 2 tons of coal or 1 ton of liquid fuel.

On the Internet, we found many sites where people share their inventions and crafts from plastic bottles, plastic disposable dishes, plastic bags. Birdhouses, mousetraps, funnels and seedling pots are made from bottles. They are hung on the fence as a scarecrow from crows, and also used as waterproof caps on the tops of poles.

The bottles are an eco-friendly solar water heater.

A Chinese farmer placed 66 bottles on the roof of his house, connecting them with a simple tube system. Bottled water heats up almost instantly and enters the house. Hot water is enough for three family members of an enterprising Chinese man to take a hot shower. The neighbors liked the invention so much that they immediately decided to use this idea.

Fantastic plastic ship

A team of French explorers is set to sail from San Francisco to Australia (18,000 km) on an 18-meter vessel made entirely of plastic bottles (excluding sail masts). It took 18,000 two liter plastic bottles to build the yacht, which were filled with dry ice (to harden).

A million bottles to build a temple

This is the number of bottles used by Thailand's environmentally conscious Buddhist monks to build their temple. During the construction of the temple, the monks used green Heineken beer bottles and brown Chang beer bottles. In the temple, even toilets and crematoria are made from empty bottles.

Near the Zapolskaya hospital

among primary and secondary school students

Here is such a cheerful clearing appeared at the school.

The flowers were made by elementary school students.

Conclusions.

As a result of the work done, we found out when plastic packaging and plastic bags appeared. They are convenient to use, due to such properties as lightness, elasticity, strength, and therefore occupy an increasing place in human life, but it cannot be destroyed after use.

After working in the chemistry room, we learned that plastic packaging does not decompose even under the influence of chemical reagents, and when burned, they emit poisonous smoke that is dangerous to human health. Thus, we confirmed our hypothesis: plastic packaging really litters the earth and harms nature.

Our observations and the conducted competition have shown that if you approach this problem in a creative and businesslike way, you can find many ways to use plastic packaging.

At the end of our work, we want to say that in every family something is sure to accumulate, or even thrown away. We have found many uses for household waste from plastic packaging. We suggest looking at some of the ways in the booklet "Fantasies from plastic"

Based on the results of our research, we have mapped out the following steps:

1. Present the results of our research to the students of our school, the villagers.

2. Create as many handicrafts as possible, useful and unusual, on the school grounds.

3. Write an article to the regional newspaper "Zhytstse Prydzvi nnya" to once again draw the attention of residents to the problem of garbage in our villages and remind that we ourselves are responsible for the cleanliness and beauty of our area.

Usedresources:

1.Wikipedia Free encyclopedia [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8
2. Science, news. Federal Agency for Press and Mass Communications. [electronic resource] Access mode:
http://www.inauka.ru/technology/article40009
3. Children's portal bebi.lv [electronic resource] Access mode:
http: //www.bebi.lv/otdih-i-dosug-s-detjmi/podelki-iz-plastikovih-butilok ...
4. Site "Ecology" [electronic resource] Access mode http://www.ecology.md/section.php?section=tech&id=2220

1. Plastic container for water, cereals and liquids.
2. From the plastic of the bottle, you can build an insulating wall, a house, a greenhouse, and other structures.
3. The bottom of the bottle can be cut off and used as a watering can.
4. Cut the neck of a plastic bottle and use it as a pot for flowers, seedlings.
5. The plastic bottle can be a fishing net float.
6. The plastic bottle can clean and disinfect the water.
7. Plastic from a bottle can be used as "glass" and make a translucent window.
8. A plastic bottle makes an excellent washstand.
9. The cut off plastic bottle can become a scoop for bulk products and materials.
10. If you cut off a part of a plastic bottle, it will turn into a mug, container (plate) for food, vase or universal container.
11. From a large number of plastic bottles, you can build a raft, simple and reliable, quick to manufacture, or even an entire island.
12. You can also make a lifebuoy or life jacket from bottles.
13. If you cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle and attach a handle, you get a wonderful mouthpiece.
14. The bottle can be a hot water bottle.
15. Candlestick, table lamp.
16. If you make several holes in the bottle cap, you get a sprinkler or sprinkler. A very handy thing when grilling kebabs on the grill.
17. If you insert a small tube into the bottle cap, you get an oiler that will help you fill containers that are in hard-to-reach places (gearboxes, transmission elements)
18. Although it is not easy, it is possible to make a homemade silencer for firearms from a plastic bottle.
19. If you put pebbles in a plastic bottle, you get a rattle that can be hung on a rope around the perimeter of the protected area.
20. Thermos (if you insert another, smaller one into one plastic bottle, and between them lay the foam plastic of the newspaper, etc.). To maintain the temperature of a filled plastic bottle, you can simply wrap it tightly in several layers with newspaper or corrugated cardboard.
21. Often plastic bottles are used as a target (for hitting by various means of destruction, stones, arrows, etc.). Unlike glass, after hitting this target, no fragments remain.
22. You can make small dumbbells by filling the bottle with shot, small nuts and bolts, or just wet sand.
23. If you pour water into a bottle, you can use it as a rolling pin for dough.
24. Plastic bottles make wonderful greenhouses for rooting plants or for maintaining high humidity for various small seedlings and seedlings.
25. A waterproof container for storing and carrying matches, dry fuel, and other non-waterproof items can also be made from a plastic bottle.
26. You can make a bird or animal feeder.
27. A plastic bottle, under certain conditions, can be used as an electrical insulator.
28. You can also make traps for small fish, crayfish, rodents.
29. Make goggles or even a whole mask, protect your face and eyes from dust, flying particles, insects.
30. Bottles can be used to sleep on cold soil. Or just use the bottle as a pillow.
31. It seems incredible, but in a plastic bottle you can boil water over a fire.
32. Large plastic flasks can be used to make basic foot protection.

View presentation content
"Fantasy from plastic1"

Plastic fantasy

Creative project

Completed:

Polunina Christina, grade 8;

Fedorova Ekaterina, grade 7

Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastic Packaging

Advantages

Flaws

transparent,

can be dyed

in any color

products in plastic packaging have a short shelf life

lungs

Do not beat

some bottles contain harmful substances

convenient to transport

Planet in plastic packaging

• “Look around! In our study, in the kitchen or in the bedroom, plastic surrounds us everywhere. Our food packaging, clothes, computers, mobile phones, stationery and even toys ... "

Experts say

A person throws out up to 250 kg of household waste per year.

About 25% of them are food waste,

5-10% - paper,

50% - polymers,

the rest falls on metal, textiles, rubber, glass and other rubbish.

Clusters of plastic bottles on the planet already

form real floating continents in the oceans.

In the Pacific Ocean, the "plastic island" weighs approximately 100 million tons.

According to scientists

paper decomposes in the ground within 1 month, banana peel - 6 months, wool - 1 year, wooden poles - 4 years,

paper cups - 5 years,

painted wood - 13 years old,

the tin can is 100 years old and the plastic bottle is from 500 to 1000 years,

• “We must not forget that the level of development of the system for collecting and processing secondary raw materials is, in fact, an eloquent indicator not only of our common culture, but also of the civilization of the economy as a whole. In addition, the environmental safety of the state directly depends on the efficiency of work in the field of waste management. This is our responsibility to future generations "
• "Ensuring order on the ground means not only collecting garbage and municipal waste, but also using them rationally."

• the streets of our village, the roads are littered with garbage, most of which are plastic bottles, plastic disposable cups, plastic bags.

• We live in a rural area in the village of Zapolye, Vitebsk region, located 70 kilometers from the city. On the territory of the village there are 6 garbage containers for 76 yards, which is extremely small, and garbage collection is not carried out regularly. So we get such mini - dumps around the village, which spoil the general view.

Relevance

A large amount of garbage, especially empty plastic bottles, on the streets of our village made us think about how to solve this problem. The project "Fantasy from plastic" is devoted to an important and topical topic of the present time - the problem of solid household waste.

• to identify the conditions and methods of recycling plastic bottles, plastic bags, disposable plastic dishes

Project objectives:

• find out when plastic bottles, disposable plastic dishes, plastic bags appeared;
• develop recommendations for the secondary use of plastic bottles, plastic bags;
• hold a school competition for the best craft from these plastic products.

Research methods:

• * study of literary sources, Internet resources;
• * experiment;
• * sociological survey;
• * observation.

Significance and applied value of work

To teach schoolchildren to take care of the nature around us, to instill in them the skills of manual labor, to expand knowledge about the history of things.

Figures and facts

- Recycling 1 ton of plastic saves 750 kg of oil.

Rational organization of solid waste (MSW) processing makes it possible to use up to 90% of recycled products in the construction industry, for example, as a filler for concrete blocks.

- By recycling 670 aluminum cans, you can make a bicycle

- Recycling 1 kg of aluminum saves 8 kg of bauxite and 14 kWh of electricity.

- When burned, 5 tons of garbage generate as much heat as 2 tons of coal or 1 ton of liquid fuel.

Practical application of used plastic packaging in the village of Zapolye .

• Near the Zapolskaya hospital

Greenhouse made of plastic bottles of the Shmyrev family

• At the end of our work, we want to say that in every family something is sure to accumulate, or even thrown away. We have found many uses for household waste from plastic packaging.
• Based on the results of our research, we have mapped out the following steps:
• 1. Present the results of our research to the students of our school, the villagers.
• 2. Create as many handicrafts as possible, useful and unusual, on the school grounds.
• 3. Write an article to the regional newspaper “Zhytse Prydzvinnya” to once again draw the attention of residents to the problem of garbage in our villages and remind that we ourselves are responsible for the cleanliness and beauty of our area

Imagine! Go for it! I wish you creative success!

The educational project is addressed to students in grades 7-11 for a deeper acquaintance with the academic subjects "Chemistry", "Biology", "Geography".

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Project topic: "Planet in plastic packaging"

Methodical presentation:

1. Introduction;
2. Methodological passport of the educational project;
3. Project implementation;
4. Conclusions;
5. Students' submissions as part of a curriculum project.

1. Introduction:

The topic of the project was chosen taking into account the educational situation in the subject of geography, biology, chemistry to deepen knowledge and apply them in life.

Project:

1. by type of activity - search;
2. by the nature of the subject - content area - environmental;
3. by the nature of contacts - long-term (1 academic year).

2. Methodological passport of the educational project:

• Addressing: The educational project is addressed to students in grades 7-11 for a deeper acquaintance with the academic subjects "Chemistry", "Biology", "Geography".

Geography:

The educational project is included in the study of topics: "Human-Nature Interaction" 7th grade, "Nature of Russia" in 8th grade and "Chemical industry" in 9th grade. In the 10th grade when studying the topic: "Global problems of mankind."

Chemistry:

Included in the topics "High molecular compounds" grade 10, "Structure of matter" grade 11.

Biology:

The educational project is included in the study of topics: "Prokaryotes" grade 7, "Man and the environment" grade 8, "Human relationship with the environment" grade 9, "Cage" grade 10, grade 11 "Global environmental problems".

• Themes of the curriculum of the subject:

Geography:

The interaction of human society and nature (grade 7);

Biological resources, protection of flora and fauna. (Grade 8)

Chemical industry (grade 9)

Global problems of humanity (grades 10-11);

Biology:

Diversity, structural features and origin of prokaryotic organisms (grade 7)

Man and his health (grade 8)

Biosphere and man (grade 9)

The structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (grade 10)

Biosphere and man (grade 11)

Chemistry:

Polymers (grade 11)

Biopolymers. Organic and inorganic polymers. Polymerization and polycondensation reactions (grade 10)

• Educational, developmental, educational goals and objectives:

1. Involvement of students in various activities and independent acquisition of new knowledge;

2. Getting students to understand the environmental problems of our time;

3. Individual organization of students' activities and the development of communication skills through work in small groups;

4. Formation of skills to logically build forecasts, projects, defend and argue your point of view

5. To form a positive emotional and aesthetic experience of students.

6. Expansion of horizons and development of interest in school subjects.

• Students age- Grades 9-10.
• Project time- 1 academic year.

3. Provision:

• Material and technical equipment and information support:

Computer.

Camcorder

Camera

Photos from areas contaminated with plastic waste

Photos of plastic bottle recycling workshop

Laboratory equipment and chemicals

Exhibition of samples of plastic packaging material

Product samples of recycled plastic bottles

Video - interviews with city residents and housing and communal services workers

Additionally involved information resources: reference materials, Internet resources.

• General Learning Skills for Students to Work on a Project: the impact of pollution on the outside world.
• Motivation to work:

Search for the causes of pollution of the surrounding world;

What is the environmental impact of packaging material

Methods for the disposal of plastic waste.

4. Status of the training project:

• Authors of the project - pupils of grades 9 and 10.

Solyanova Ksenia 10 cl.

Erokhin Vladislav 10 cl.

Rybalsky Kirill 10 cl.

Kazakova Maria 10 cl.

Tenchurina Victoria 10 cl.

Karpushov Maxim 9 "b" class.

Sbornikova Victoria 10 cl.

Pavlishina Polina 9 "b" class.

Klygin Anton 9 "b" class.

Geography teacher - T.I. Panfilova

Biology teacher - O. V. Trishkina

Chemistry teacher - O. M. Zaletova

• Experience of use- in educational activities;
• Distribution rate: FKOU SOSH named after A.N. Radishcheva, Kuznetsk-12.

5. Implementation of the project:

The work on the project began with an excursion into nature with students in grade 9. We saw the degree of pollution of the forest area of ​​our city with plastic waste, which greatly changed its appearance. This led to the idea of ​​studying the issues of creating a packaging material from plastic, its influence on the biosphere and methods of disposing of plastic waste.

“That bird is bad

which pollutes its nest "

(popular proverb).

Have all of humanity and each of us become like this bird?

In September of this academic year, we traditionally went on an excursion into nature in order to study water, air and soil. Every time we see a serious anthropogenic impact - large heaps of garbage, the basis of which is plastic packaging. And we wondered if our planet would be completely packed in plastic. Do we really need such packaging, why does it accumulate so much in the environment, is it possible to recycle it at the present time?

For humans, like any species, nature is a living environment and a source of existence. At present, environmental problems are a very acute issue. A person especially suffers from industrial waste pollution.

We tried to answer these questions in the course of our work.

One of the main sources of pollution is the products of the chemical industry, which are the "locomotive" of scientific and technological progress. The uniqueness of this industry lies in the fact that with its help people can create materials that are not found in nature. The range of products in the chemical industry is plastics, synthetic resins, synthetic rubber and polymers, etc.

Our research began with an integrated lesson in geography, chemistry and biology, in which we got acquainted with the production of plastic. Then the students, using Internet resources, got acquainted with the production of plastic packaging (plastic bottles). The children studied in great detail the production of polyethylene terephthalate and products from it. We compared different types of containers (plastic and glass), identified the advantages and disadvantages. At first glance, plastic containers are an excellent packaging material. But the number of plastic packaging is increasing every year, not only in production, but also in waste. Plastic products are thrown into nature as waste, in the amount of 260 million tons. in year. Plastic waste as household waste heavily pollutes the surface of the entire earth, rivers and streams they are carried out into the oceans, forming floating giant islands. Which cause significant damage to the Earth's ecosystem. We have proven that the chemical industry is not only a vanguard industry, but also an environmental disaster.

On the basis of the integrated lesson, an idea arose to study in more detail the impact of plastic waste on the ecology of the Earth and to present the material in the form of a project. Working groups were created, the participants of which showed the research results in the form of reports-presentations.

The first group carried out a raid on the outskirts of our city. The guys took pictures of the places of rest of the townspeople. Among the debris found, plastic bottles were the largest. Then they conducted a social survey of housing and communal services workers and residents of the city. The report was presented in the form of a video report.

The second group investigated the impact of plastic waste on the environment. The guys presented material on land and ocean pollution. They showed what a threat to living organisms plastic waste (bottles, corks, disposable syringes, bags, etc.), which are the cause of the death of marine and terrestrial animals. Getting acquainted with the material, they discovered that nature itself activated evolutionary mechanisms and began to "create" bacteria that "eat" plastic.

Another group of students explored the possibility of recycling plastic waste. They got acquainted with the plant for the processing of plastic bottles LLC Resurs, which is located in the Penza region in the village of Chaadaevka, which processes 100 tons of bottles per month. It is an excellent raw material for the production of paving slabs, packing tape, brooms and fittings for kitchen sets.

Students on a given topic presented a report on research in the form of a report, video material and presentations at a scientific and practical conference of students of their school.

We, the students, the new generation, want to know what the future holds for us.

We want to invite people to live more efficiently:

• use only environmentally friendly type of packaging material;
• clean and waste-free production;

Changes in the natural environment unfavorable for humanity can be eliminated using modern achievements.

If each of us begins to take care of nature at least at the everyday level, then we will be able to reduce the negative impact on the planet.

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"Planet in plastic packaging" Conference

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Advantages of plastic packaging over other types of packaging Scope of use of plastic packaging

Areas of use for plastic packaging Boxes Cube containers Barrels and cans Cans Bottles and cans Cubotainers Containers Waste containers Pallets (pallets) Buckets and cans

glass 1. Heavy 2. Transparent 3. Colors - brown or green 4. Beat during transportation 5. Recyclable 6. The shelf life of products in containers - many years

plastic 1. Weighs about 28 g 2. Transparent 3. Attractive appearance 4. Colored in various colors 5. Easy to hold 6. Does not break during transportation 7. Recyclable 8. Shelf life of products in containers - 2 weeks according to German standards, in Russia - up to 3 months. 9. Transmits ultraviolet rays and oxygen in the light, and carbon dioxide out.

Is it so useful to use plastic Today, when we drink drinks from plastic bottles, coffee from plastic cups, we snack on the go from plastic plates with plastic forks. When water runs into our houses through plastic pipes, and the walls are pasted over with plastic panels, in a word, when “the plastic world won”, it would be reasonable to ask the question, how safe is it all? ...

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GARBAGE NEXT TO US Photo session from the places of "rest" of residents of the city of Kuznetsk - 12

In our town there is such a problem as unorganized waste disposal. We often witness how garbage is thrown not into bins or special containers, but right under our feet or into bushes. We offer to walk through the resting places of our citizens

Each person annually throws out about 400 kg of household waste, which contains food waste - 40%, waste paper - 15%, textiles - 5%, wood - 5%, household appliances - 0.5%, plastic - 20%, scrap metal - 3 %, glass - 3%. And that's just the garbage that ends up in landfills. And how much of this garbage is thrown out in the forest belt, on the roadsides and other places? Let's get a look!

At the House of Officers

Behind the officers' house

Sura Pavilion

Path to the stadium

In the woods behind the Uley cafe

On the way to the garages

On the shores of a picturesque lake

Behind the bench in the stadium

Appeal to residents: Yes, it is possible to change the tendency of increasing the amount of discarded garbage every individual resident of the town cannot. But it is in our power to stop throwing garbage at our feet, first of all polluting our home and beloved city of Kuznetsk-12.

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Recycling of plastic bottles

In Russia, PET bottles are not massively disposed of. In 2008, in the village of Chaadaevka, Penza region, LLC (open company with limited liability) "Promupakovka" was established to process plastic bottles.

This is where used plastic bottles are transformed from recyclable materials into a new product.

Initially, the bottles are crushed and washed. They produce flake - plastic flakes. Crushed plastic bottles are chemically decomposed into their constituent parts.

1 The granules are used for the production of packaging tape. The enterprise processes 100 tons of bottles per month and receives 70 tons of packing tape every month, that is, about 1,000 tons of products per year.

Standard tape width - 12 mm, thickness - 1 mm. Its strength allows it to support a maximum weight of 1,400 kg. These products are sold in: Kazan, Samara, Voronezh, Tambov, Saransk, Togliatti, Ulyanovsk, Volgograd, Syktyvkar, Moscow.

1 Notably, plastic bottle caps are used to make car tires, ceramic tiles, in which plastic is used as a binder instead of cement. Many territories and sidewalks of Penza and the region are laid with such tiles. Other household products are also produced.

1 PET granulate is also used in other areas of the industry. And it makes good raw materials for the textile industry, the manufacture of tiles. After the addition of fiberglass, recycled PET is used to produce abrasive wheels for grinding and polishing. Ford casts engine covers for trucks, and Toyota casts panels, bumpers, and doors for cars from polymer compositions containing recycled PET.

Less and less surrounding nature, More and more environment! Robert Rozhdestvensky

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MINI-PROJECTS ON THE TOPIC: "RECYCLING OF PLASTIC CONTAINERS"

Shugurov Alexander

Yakupova Kamila

Maltseva Yulia Arkhipov Mikhail

Klygin Anton Makarenko Kirill

Melnikov Daniil Golovanova Alina

Karpushov Maxim

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L jubilee city - Kuznetsk -12

The conference was prepared and conducted by: 1. Kazakova Maria 2. Sborshchikova Victoria 3. Erokhin Vladislav 4. Rybalsky Kirill 5. Solyanova Ksenia 6. Tenchurina Victoria 7. Pavlishina Polina 8. Karpushov Maxim 9. Klygin Anton 10. Teachers: Zaletova OM, Trishkina OV, Panfilova T.I.

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Developed by: 10th grade student Ksenia Solyanova Checked by: O.M. Zaletova, chemistry teacher.

What is plastic History of plastic The difference between polymer and plastic and its production The use of celluloid The basis of the production of synthetic plastics Polymerization Polycondensation Types of plastics Basic processing methods

The first plastic was obtained by the English inventor Alexander Parks in 1855. Parkes named it parkesin (later celluloid). The development of plastics began with the use of natural plastic materials. Then continued with the use of chemically modified natural materials

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The impact of modern packaging on the environment Less and less surrounding nature, More and more environment! Robert Rozhdestvensky

Experts from the World Health Organization (WHO) claim that various toxins enter the human body thanks to plastic dishes and packaging for various food products. Stylish, colorful and original packaging for any product is a kind of fashionable and spectacular branded clothing, as well as a guarantee of the efforts and costs invested in the production of products. Statistics prove the fact that well-designed products in high-quality packaging are sold much easier and more expensive than similar products in "gray and faceless" packaging, or even without it.

Our planet is literally suffocating from garbage, each of us takes garbage out of the apartment almost every day, for example, in St. Petersburg, about 8 million cubic meters of household garbage is generated per year.

In nature, nothing disappears without a trace, everything disintegrates and again returns to the natural cycle. The activity of a modern consumer society is linear, that is, we first take, consume, and then throw away. Modern manufacturers of goods make packaging colorful, attractive, food products in such packaging do not deteriorate for a long time. Polymeric materials are mainly used for the production of packaging. Plastic today is used everywhere and not only for the production of packaging. We very often began to use plastic dishes, today for every inhabitant of the planet there are up to 88.5 kg of plastic disposable tableware per year. Used packaging and other waste ends up in a landfill, littering the ground. Under natural conditions, paper decomposes within 2-5 months, butts from 1 to 12 years, plastic bags decompose for 10-20 years, plastic packaging practically does not decompose. Plastic is a real disaster for nature! The oceans are literally overflowing with plastic waste, is it mainly packaging material? bottles and bags, about 95% of North Sea seabirds have plastic debris in their stomachs. For example, in Belgium, researchers found 1600 pieces of plastic in the stomach of a dead bird! According to the UN, plastic waste causes the death of 1 million seabirds a year. So, for example, in the stomach of a dead albatross chick, 272 pieces of various small debris were found, he got there with food, the fact is that the stomachs of the fish that fed him were full of debris. All this accumulated in the chick's stomach until it was full. Not only seabirds die because of plastic waste, but also a large number of marine mammals: dolphins, seals, whales and other animals. A plastic bag in the ocean can resemble a jellyfish, if swallowed by a turtle, it can block its digestive tract or give it a feeling of fullness, as a result, the animal stops eating and dies.

In 2006, volunteer cleaners found 1,074 animals entangled in garbage and old fishing gear. About 80% of plastic ends up in the seas and oceans from land. A huge amount of garbage is growing in the Pacific Ocean. The currents have formed two huge garbage patches: the eastern and western Pacific garbage patches. The eastern section is located between the Hawaiian Islands and the California coast. The area of ​​this huge garbage island is twice the size of the state of Texas, and the mass of domestic waste concentrated there, by the way, is 90% plastic, exceeds 3.5 million tons, the western garbage site is located east of Japan.

If we do not now limit the consumption of non-recyclable plastic, then in the next decade, the area of ​​ocean garbage sites, which are already huge, could double. The situation is aggravated by the fact that it is almost impossible to completely cleanse the ocean from household and other waste.

The incineration of plastic waste also causes enormous damage to nature; during its combustion, very toxic substances enter the atmosphere, which harm not only the environment, but also human health. The situation could be changed by the reduction of the use of plastic packaging or its recycling. The best way to reduce plastic waste is to avoid plastic packaging and products that contain plastic.

The problem will be solved by the separate collection of waste, their further processing and production of polymeric materials from recyclable materials, as well as the development and production of packaging from bio- and water-degradable materials, the termination and complete prohibition of free distribution of plastic packaging and bags in retail outlets. The introduction of fees for plastic packaging will significantly reduce its popularity among the population. The widespread use of paper packaging will make a great contribution to reducing the amount of waste, since paper is an environmentally friendly material, only paint applied to it can harm the environment.

Each person can do their little bit to reduce waste. First of all, you need to leave as little garbage as possible in recreation areas, be it a forest, a park or a beach, and household waste should be taken only to containers specially designed for this, that is, not to arrange unauthorized dumps. When purchasing goods and products in stores, you should pay attention to their packaging, preferring environmentally friendly packaging, if you have a choice, refuse to purchase products in plastic packaging. When shopping, take a bag with you so you don't have to buy a plastic bag and, finally, try to get products that can be recycled or reused.

Remember that each of us is responsible for the fate of our common home - planet Earth, and everyone is able to make a contribution to its purification.