Projects made from household waste. Environmental project on the topic "Household waste of humanity
Let's make the world cleaner or garbage and its second lifeproject
Sibiryakova Aitalina Semenovna,teacher of the first categoryMBDOU CRR Kindergarten "Kuncheen"With. Dyabila municipal district Churapchinsky ulus (district)The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Relevance of the project. Garbage is a problem that each of us faces every day in the city, town, on the street, in public transport, in the forest, on the river. All new landfills and natural landfills are appearing at an incredible speed, despite the fact that many types of waste take a very long time to decompose or do not decompose at all. Will our planet really become one huge dump in a few years? This question worries everyone.
Most preschoolers love to walk in nature, go with their parents to the park and forest, and go on excursions. But what upsets everyone is that there is a lot of garbage almost everywhere. Traveling with parents to different countries, children pay attention to the cleanliness around them, various devices for garbage in foreign cities and compare them with the streets hometown. Endless questions: “Why do we have so much garbage?”, “Where does it come from?”, “How does it affect human health and all living things?” led to the idea of creating the project “Garbage and its second life.” Cooperation between the kindergarten and the children’s families environmental direction, jointly organized events not only help ensure unity and continuity pedagogical process, but also contribute to this process necessary for the child special positive emotional connotation.
The most effective way to implement the tasks of environmental education is to organize project activities together with parents and children. Participation in environmental events, cleanup days, landscaping, work on environmental projects - unique opportunity for children and parents to express themselves and benefit the surrounding nature of their native land.
Project type: Cognitive and creative.
Project participants: Children - teachers - parents.
Age: children 6-7 years old
Project duration: long-term
Problem: nature conservation, an attempt to solve the “garbage problem”.
Objective of the project: nurturing in the younger generation love and respect for environment, their small homeland, to form in children knowledge about various types nature protection activities.
Project objectives:
1. Expand children’s ideas about nature, develop interest in learning about nature.
2. Enrichment of moral experience, fostering love for the environment, keeping it clean and beautiful.
3. Expand the idea that nothing in nature disappears without a trace, form ideas about the feasibility of recycling household and household waste;
4.Promote the active involvement of parents in joint activities with the child in a family and kindergarten setting.
Novelty of the environmental project consists in the use of information computer technologies. The main fact that ensures the effectiveness of the educational process is the personal involvement of children and parents in eventful life. By using new technologies that are exciting for the new generation, this inclusion can be ensured. The project allows children and parents to do what they love and at the same time benefits the world around them. Only through joint efforts can we solve main task– to raise an environmentally literate person.
Research methods:
·Studying literary sources
·Reflection. “What is garbage?”, “Is landfill always the only way out?”, “Environmental problems”, “What to do?”
·Observation, questioning, situations, practical part.
Stages:
Stage 1 Preparatory
development of project content, duration 2 months. Defining the problem: setting goals and objectives.
Target: Setting motivation, goals, objectives for the implementation of the “Second Life of Garbage” project. Selection of material. Definition of methodological, popular science, fiction, illustrations
Creating conditions for reading artistic and environmental literature.
2.Main stage (creative and research)
Target: Identifying the causes of garbage; Studying methods of sorting, processing and disposal of waste;
One of the ways of its effectiveness is to use a variety of forms and methods of work:
- - Ecological activities.
- – Ecological excursions.
- - Lessons in kindness.
- – Ecological circles.
- – Environmental competitions.
- – KVN, auction, marathon, quiz “Field of Miracles” and so on.
- – Environmental actions.
- – Discussion and acting out situations.
- - Labor landing.
- – Nature Explorers Club.
- – Laboratory of a young ecologist.
- – Ecological museums.
- – Ecological holidays and festivals.
- – Ecological games(role-playing, didactic, simulation, ecosystem modeling games, competitive games - travel, and so on).
Interaction with children
Cognitive development
Conversation: “A conversation about litter and what can be done to reduce litter.”
Target: Give children an idea of the problem of garbage. Talk about the dangers of landfills for nature and people. Teach children to have a responsible attitude towards nature. Convey to the children the importance of this problem and show some ways out of this situation. Suggest thinking about solving the garbage problem with the help of the children in the village. and at home.
Conversation : « The earth is ours common Home and we will save him"
Target: Fostering in children a humane attitude towards nature, a desire to preserve and preserve the beauty of nature.
Tasks: Continuing the formation of skills for a culture of behavior in nature; Expanding the idea that everything in nature is interconnected; material resources (waste paper).
Didactic games:“Collect your trash correctly.” "Sorting the garbage"
Looking at illustrations on the topic : « Garbage is all around us"
GCD on ecology on the topic : “Let’s take a smart look at the garbage”
Target: Expanding children's understanding of recycling household waste.
Tasks: To cultivate love, respect and care for the nature around us; desire to take good care of her. Familiarizing children with the problems of environmental pollution; with the possibility of recycling waste material. Development of children’s cognitive activity in the process of learning about the problems of the city; ability to observe and draw conclusions. Strengthen the ability to wisely use various materials. Activate vocabulary (sort, waste material, household waste).
Artistic and aesthetic development
Reading environmental stories and fairy tales.
Looking at illustrations on the topic: “Save the planet from garbage”
GCD for manual labor (collective) “Vase with daisies from waste material.”
Objectives: Developing a caring attitude towards the environment. Developing the ability to work in a team and together. Consolidating the ability to work with waste material and use it for the right purposes. Consolidating the ability to create a composition from a vase and flowers.
Exhibition “Miracles for people and unnecessary things”
Social and communicative development
Assist the teacher in cleaning the group room of trash.
Work assignments:“Helping the kids clear the area of trash.” “Cleaning a group site from garbage”
Target: Fostering hard work, accuracy, and respect for the environment .
Didactic games: " Collect your trash correctly." "Sorting the garbage"
Speech development
- Reading environmental stories and fairy tales
- Looking at the illustrations “Garbage around us”,
- Guessing riddles.
- Interaction with parents:
1. Visual propaganda for parents “Planet Earth” - “The second life of unnecessary things”, “How to teach a child not to pollute the environment”
2. Master class “Second life of unnecessary things”
3. Exhibition competition “Autumn Fantasies”
4. Exhibition of works based on the results of the project.
3.Final stage
1. Joint event “Take care of the planet”
2. Exhibition of works
3Presentation of the project for teachers and parents
Final result:
- - children's awareness of the importance of nature conservation, that one should not litter thoughtlessly. Children will understand that they need to treat things with care, take care of them, and make them out of discarded items. Original gifts, various aids for educational, theatrical and gaming activities.
- -direct participation of parents and children in organizing various environmental events - landscaping and decorating the site in a kindergarten using “household waste”
Bibliography:
1.Deryabo, S.D. Environmental pedagogy and psychology / S.D. Deryabo, V.A. Yasvin. - Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 1996.
2. Evdokimova, E.S. Pedagogical support for families in raising preschoolers / E.S. Evdokimov. - M.: TC Sfera, 2005.
3. Zhernevskaya, T.V. System of cooperation with parents as a condition for optimizing environmental education of preschool children / T.V. Zhernevskaya, L.A. Maltnova //Management of a preschool educational institution. - 2007. - No. 3.
4. Zvereva, O.L., Krotova, T.V. Communication between a teacher and parents in a preschool educational institution: Methodological aspect / O.L. Zvereva, T.V. Krotova. - M.: TC Sfera, 2005.
5.Zinovieva, M.V. The influence of parental education style on the development of worldview prerequisites in children preschool age: dissertation for the competition. scientist step. Ph.D. psychological sciences: (19.00.13) / M.V. Zinoviev. - Moscow, 2001.
6. Martynovich, V.A. Introducing 6-7 year old children to nature: interaction between preschool educational institutions and families / V.A. Martynovich //Management of a preschool educational institution. - 2005. - No. 2.
7. "We." Program of environmental education for children / N. N. Kondratyeva et al. - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2003.
Shakirov Ilmir
Environmental project on the topic " Household waste humanity. How to save your village from garbage"
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MBOU "Nadezhda Basic Secondary School" Pestrechinsky municipal district RT.
Environmental project on the topic:
“Household waste of humanity.
How to save your village from garbage."
MBOU "Nadezhdinskaya secondary school"
Head: Shakirova Tanzilya
Khashimovna, geography teacher.
422782 RT Pestrechinsky district
S. Nadezhnino st. School d1
2018
Introduction 3
- Theoretical part:
- 1.1.Classification of waste 4
- 1.2. Reasons for the increase in garbage 6
- 1.3.Waste disposal methods 7
- 1.4 Problems of waste disposal 7
- 1.5 Problem of lack of sorting 8
Practical part:
- 2.1. Determination of the amount of garbage 9
- 2.2. Landfills: harm to the environment 10
- 2.3.Fighting garbage 12
3. Conclusion 15
Bibliography 17
Introduction
The environmental crisis today has gripped almost the entire planet. An inevitable companion of civilization is an ever-increasing amount of household and industrial waste from human activity. Mountains of garbage are growing all over the planet. IN Lately the world has begun to pay much more attention to environmental problems than before. On average, each person in the world generates about 1 kg of household waste per day, but this amounts to hundreds of millions of tons per year, and in the USA, for example, this amount increases by 10% every 10 years. Russia in 1991 generated significantly less waste per capita than America, but due to the expansion of Western lifestyles, including disposable free bags, disposable tableware, disposable aluminum cans of beer and other soft drinks, we We're quickly catching up. And if in some countries there is a system of separate collection and recycling of individual components of garbage, then in our country all the disposable packaging and other “benefits” of civilization are replenishing landfills that are growing like mushrooms.
This problem is also relevant for my village. I see how the areas around the houses are polluted with garbage, the roadsides are littered highways. Plastic snowdrifts and mountains of cans disfigured nearby forests. I was wondering, where does this garbage go? I love my village and it pains me to see how the streets are polluted, so I decided to conduct research on this problem.
Target:
study the impact of garbage on the environment
Tasks:
1. Get to know the types of garbage
2. Identify the reasons for the increase in garbage
3. Find out ways to recycle garbage
4. Identify waste dump sites. Kobyakovo
5. Summarize the information received
6. Find out what can be done to reduce the amount of garbage in the village. Kobyakovo
Research methods:
- Studying theoretical material on the topic “Household waste”
- Practical work:
Determining the amount of garbage
- Houses
- At school
Determining the duration of garbage storage
- in water
- in the soil
Identification of waste dump sites. Kobyakovo
Theoretical part
In Russia, for thousands of years, people lived in close contact with the surrounding nature. There were unwritten rules of nature conservation in nature, which our ancestors religiously followed, making sure that their descendants, i.e. we had enough fish in the water, and berries in the forest, and forests, and water, and air, and sun. For our ancestors, the problem of garbage was not so acute. Today's population of the Earth is a society of super consumers.
It is estimated that each of us spends 20 tons of raw materials per year, although most of it - 97% - goes to waste.
Garbage is gradually becoming a monster of civilization.
1.1.Classification of waste:
What kind of garbage is there?
household special waste industrial
To household waste go:
- paper, books, notebooks, magazines;
- glass jars and bottles;
- metal cans;
- vegetable peelings, eggshells (organic residues);
- plastic packaging;
- cardboard milk or juice bags;
- plastic bags and packages;
- worn textiles (socks, tights that cannot be darned, etc.)
- wood products;
- metal, iron, rubber things (for example, old toys) and many other things.
Each of us constantly uses many things that are far from safe, without thinking about it. Many of them must be handled very carefully, and after use they must not be thrown away or turned into toys. This is special waste.
Here are some of them:
- batteries;
- remnants of paints, varnishes, adhesives;
- remnants of cosmetics (eye shadow, nail polish, nail polish remover);
- unused or expired medications;
- residues of household chemicals (cleaning products, deodorants, stain removers, aerosols, furniture care products, etc.);
- mercury thermometers;
- auto cosmetics.
Old electrical equipment and electronics are very dangerous (because they contain mercury, copper, lead, etc.)
Special waste should not be thrown away and destroyed in a general garbage heap, because it causes great harm to the environment and human health for many reasons.
In addition to household and special waste, there is also waste from industrial enterprises:
- radioactive waste;
- mercury and its compounds – chemical industry waste;
- arsenic and its compounds contained in waste from metallurgical industries and thermal power plants;
- lead compounds, etc.
The huge amount of waste generated as a result of human activity has led to the emergence of an industry dedicated to its recycling.
As a result of research, it has been established that the composition of our garbage is a complex complex of various chemical compounds.
1.2 Reasons for the increase in garbage
In every family, every person throws out garbage, and every year there is more and more of it.
There are several reasons for the increase in garbage in recent years:
- growth in the production of disposable goods;
- an increase in the number of bright, synthetic packaging;
- improving the standard of living, allowing usable things to be replaced with new ones.
1.3 Disposal methods
The question “where to put the garbage?” is becoming more and more relevant.As a rule, in our country the problem of waste disposal is solved in two ways - more often by disposal to a landfill, less often by incineration.Both methods of disposal cause soil, water and air pollution, which ultimately affects Nature and human health. The volume of household waste is constantly increasing. Nature has no waste. Waste is an invention of mankind.
Waste disposal in Russia occurs to the extent possible different regions. In some regions, the number of landfills increases every year, while in others, waste incineration plants are in full swing.
In the West, one of the ways to dispose of waste is to recycling. However, in our country the population does not think about environmental problems and therefore refuses to sort their garbage.
In the capital they have repeatedly tried to introduce separate collection garbage, but so far this program does not work. In St. Petersburg at one time they installed tanks for different types waste, but residents threw everything in them, so this initiative did not find support among city residents. So until the population of our country thinks about environmental problems, then all government initiatives and public organizations about sorting andwaste recycling won't make money.
1.4 Problems of recycling in Russia
To normalize the environmental situation not only in our country, but throughout the world, it is necessary for waste disposal to work properly in Russia. However, in our country the problem of garbage removal and destruction is becoming more and more serious. Most often, garbage is simply taken to city landfills, where it is either burned or left to rot. Both of these waste disposal methods are very harmful to the environment. During the burial of garbage, not only large areas of land are polluted, but also groundwater and reservoirs that are located near such landfills. When waste is burned, harmful substances are released into the air, which deteriorate its quality. So both waste disposal processes are obsolete because there is nothe process of processing this waste .
But almost all household waste is an excellent raw material for some types of production, which has long been used in many European countries. But the most important thing is that the raw materials are very cheap.
Let's take plastic as an example. Recycled raw materials will cost at least 2 times cheaper. And it can be used in all areas except packaging of food or medicine.
1.5 The problem of lack of sorting
Lack of literacywaste sorting systems at the very beginning stage - the main problem in the fieldwaste recycling in Russia . In order for the residents of our country to sort their waste by type, it is necessary to make a lot of effort. However, if you think about world experience in this area, then it is worth trying to establish the same recycling system in our country.
Currently, there are a number of methods for storing and processing municipal solid waste, namely: pre-sorting, sanitary earth filling, combustion, biothermal composting, low-temperature pyrolysis, high-temperature pyrolysis.
Pre-sorting.
This technological process provides for the separation of solid household waste into fractions at waste treatment plants manually or using automated conveyors. This includes the process of reducing the size of waste components by crushing and sifting them, as well as removing larger or smaller metal objects, such as cans. Their selection as the most valuable secondary raw materials precedes further recycling of solid waste (for example, incineration). Since sorting solid waste is one of the components of waste disposal, there are special plants to solve this problem, i.e., to separate fractions of various substances from waste: metals, plastics, glass, bones, paper and other materials for the purpose of their further separate processing.
The main task facing solid waste processing systems is to most fully utilize the waste generated in a certain area. When selecting technologies for ongoing projects, one must be guided by two important requirements: to ensure a minimum or complete absence of emissions and to produce a maximum of valuable final products, for their sale on the market. These tasks can be most fully achieved using automatic sorting and separated processing systems various types waste using modern technologies. Recycling waste will allow you to use natural resources more economically.
Practical part
2.1 Determination of waste quantity
Per inhabitant Russian Federation account for approximately
300-400 kg household waste in year. At the same time, the mass of waste increases annually by 4-5%.
I decided to find out how much and what kind of garbage my family throws out. We took the main types of waste, sorted it and weighed it.
Kinds garbage | Mass of trash |
||||
1st week | 2nd week | 3rd week | 4th week | Total |
|
Paper | 500 g | 600g | 300 g | 700 g | 2100 g |
Plastic | 200 g | 500g | 250 g | 400 g | 1350 g |
Glass | 400g | 800g | 300 g | 1500 g |
|
Food waste | 1200 g | 1100 g | 1250 g | 1000 g | 4550 |
Total | 2300 g | 3000 g | 1.800 g | 2400 g | 9500 g |
It turns out that my family throws out 9 kg 500 g of garbage per month. A family consists of 4 people, which means that per month, 2 kg 375 g of garbage per person, and about 285 kg per year.
I did the same research in the classroom.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
+ + + +
Friday Saturday
+ =
Over the course of a week, 2 kg 600 g of garbage accumulates in a class; there are 6 people in a class, which means approximately 430 g per person.
This way you can find out the approximate mass of garbage in the school. We have 10 classrooms, which means the amount of waste in the school per month and throughout the school year.
Our school has 43 students and produces approximately 19 kg of waste per student per school year.
I noticed that the school trash mostly contains paper. But paper can be recycled by handing it over to waste paper. When producing paper from waste paper, emissions into the atmosphere are reduced by 85%, water pollution by 40%, compared to the production of paper from primary raw materials - wood. And another 20% of waste paper is saved by one large tree, and one ton saves 0.5 hectares of forest. At school we also collect waste paper and hand it over.
2.2 Landfills: harm to the environment
Pollution of the environment with household waste leads to a disruption of the ecological balance not only in individual regions, but also on the planet as a whole.
Wherever there is no garbage! He's everywhere. Garbage accompanies our lives, we see it everywhere:
- at the bus stop (cigarette butts, bottles, cans, candy wrappers, etc.)
- in the forest (tin cans, plastic bottles, packaging, plastic bags)
- in the store (lots of receipts, wrappers)
- on a walk (paper wrappers, etc.)
Garbage not only spoils the aesthetic appearance. It causes enormous harm to the environment. We don’t think about the fact that this garbage will return to us in the form of contaminated groundwater, toxic dust. It will become impossible to drink water from wells and springs, vegetables and berries will be poisoned. Most people don't see any problem with this. And therefore, despite the prohibitions, garbage is dumped in places that are completely inappropriate for this purpose. These landfills (even very small ones) pose a threat to people.
In our village every Friday a garbage truck comes and collects garbage. But not all people can get used to this and therefore we have a lot of unauthorized, i.e. simply, landfills. They can be seen mainly near local reservoirs. The wind carries the garbage, the dogs take it away. Substances formed during the decomposition of waste pollute atmospheric air, rainwater washes away toxic substances from decomposed waste. Today, soil and water pollution from household waste has become global. Landfills are breeding grounds for rats, mice, and numerous insects.
It is known that the rate of decomposition of ordinary paper in natural conditions about 2 years, a metal tin can - about 90, a plastic bag - about 200 years, and glass jar- about 1000 years, and most plastics do not decompose.
I can confirm these figures with my research: how long does garbage last in water and soil.
I placed garbage from different materials: paper, plastic, metal, fruit, plastic bag,
In a container with water
In a container with soil
Let's see what happens to the garbage:
In water | Metal | Plastic, | Fruit | Paper |
Straightaway | Sank to the bottom | Remained on the surface | Remained on the surface | Got wet |
A week later | Without changes | Without changes | Will swell | Started to fall apart |
A month later | There have been changes | Without changes | Decayed |
In the soil | Metal | Plastic, Plastic bag | Fruit | Paper |
Straightaway | ||||
A week later | Without changes | Without changes | Will swell | Minor changes |
A month later | Minor changes | Without changes | Strong changes | Strong changes |
We watched for a month. All this was especially interesting for primary school students. They came running every day and watched. Many, having seen that during the month most of the garbage remained unchanged, everyone drew a conclusion for themselves. They imagined that the container with water was their favorite river where they liked to swim. And they fervently promised that they would not throw garbage into water bodies. I'm sure they will keep their word, but that's not enough. Parents must also realize this. Because wherever children go on vacation, they go there with adults. And if mom or dad throws out the garbage, then the child, even knowing that this is not possible, will still follow the example of the parents.
It’s scary to think what awaits us in the near future: we will find ourselves hostages, we will surround ourselves with mountains of garbage.
2.3 Fight against garbage.
Scientists believe that one effective way There is no fight against garbage, and there cannot be in principle.
Many people believe that the most effective method of dealing with garbage is incineration. But garbage should never be burned. In the fire and smoke of such fires, chemical substances, many of which are extremely dangerous to humans. With smoke, these substances are easily transported over vast distances. Through windows and even air conditioners, toxic substances enter our home and settle on food, clothing and skin. Finally, they enter our body through the lungs. The toxic ash remaining after burning garbage is carried by the wind and washed into groundwater.
Burning garbage is unacceptable. By doing so, we create a threat to our lives and the lives of others and harm the environment. This ban must be absolute!
Here are some numbers: when burning 1 ton solid waste 320 kg of slag, 30 kg of fly ash, 6 thousand m are formed 3 flue gases containing oxides of sulfur, nitrogen, hydrogen fluoride. IN developing countries disposes of household waste by burning in special high temperature ovens. According to published statistics, in Europe alone in 1995, seventeen percent of all waste was disposed of in this way. Positive side Such recycling is that the volume of waste is reduced by ninety percent, and the weight by sixty to seventy. In addition, when waste is burned, it releases thermal energy, which can be used to generate electricity or heat rooms. However, it should be recognized that during the combustion process toxins and heavy metals can be formed, therefore, in an effort to protect the environment and prevent the release of toxins and heavy metals into the atmosphere, it is necessary to equip furnaces with complex and expensive filters. During use, they also become unusable and are sent to landfill. Therefore, when recycling waste by incineration, great attention must be paid to reducing the amount of acid gases, nitrogen oxide, sulfur dioxide and, of course, the emission of heavy metals. All these substances are the most dangerous. They are released during the combustion process and can even get into food products, since in the form of tiny particles of soot they fall on the plants that animals feed on. And if the human body absorbs these elements obtained along with food, they can cause the most unpredictable consequences, such as cancer and a disorder of the body’s hormonal system.
We can still wait a long time until a sufficient number of waste processing plants are built in our country that will process waste in the most efficient and safe way.
But if we have separate waste collection, I believe that landfills will not scare us with their size. The data given in the table below demonstrates this.
Waste group | Problems and missed opportunities | Solutions |
Food waste | 1. Rotting food waste is a breeding ground for germs. When rotting, foul-smelling and toxic substances are released. | 1. Composting. |
Paper | 1. It takes 300 trees to make paper for one person. | 1. Save, especially colored paper. |
Plastics | 1. Non-degradable (decomposition period up to 500-1000 years). | Do not buy products with excessive packaging. |
Dangerous | 1. When decomposed or burned, they release poisons. | Limit the use of battery-powered devices and use rechargeable batteries. |
Metals | Aluminum production is very energy intensive. | Donate aluminum cans. |
Every spring in our village we spend environmental action“Let’s clear the village of garbage.”
- Cleaning the school grounds
- Cleaning water sources sat down.
- Cleaning the mosque area.
- Cleaning the territory of the monument to those killed in the Second World War
- Road cleaning
I want to focus on the last one. Every year we collect garbage along the roads. But, unfortunately, there is more and more garbage every year. What's not there! The most unexpected trash we saw was baby diapers.
There was a bag of diapers lying along the road. But the adults threw it away!
What to do? Is there any hope of winning the “fight” against garbage?
The collection of secondary raw materials has already been established around the world. Most developed countries use separate containers for different types of waste: food waste, glass, paper, hazardous substances etc. This significantly saves money when processing them. Food waste, for example, is processed much more easily, with less energy and money, while non-food waste requires more deep processing. Besides, individual species waste (paper, glass, metal) can not be destroyed, but recycled into useful things. Garbage can and should be given a “second life”. In our country, such an experiment has been carried out in Moscow since 2005. However, attempts to accustom the population to such waste collection have not yet yielded much results.
This is also evidenced by the data of the questionnaire that I conducted among the children in my class: (see appendix)
The conclusion is obvious. It is necessary to change a person’s lifestyle, his attitude towards a serious problem.
Cleanliness begins with ourselves, with our relationship to the environment, with the place where we live, work, and study. Vladimir Soloukhin wrote in his story “The Verdict”: “I am convinced that if you see a beautiful tree from your window every morning, beautiful street, a beautiful house, a beautiful landscape, even if it’s urban, you will feel better and live longer.”
Conclusion
Having studied the theoretical material on the topic “Household garbage” and conducted my research, I came to the conclusion: the problem of garbage must be solved now and we must start, first of all, with ourselves, with our apartment, school, and yard. Let it be from small, but specific things. For myself, I compiled a reminder “What can one do?”
REMINDER
- systematically clean the area around the school and home;
- do not throw garbage anywhere;
- do not leave garbage in the forest, near a pond, or at a vacation spot;
- collect and recycle waste paper (while preserving natural resources);
- hand over glass containers, scrap metal;
- use notebooks and paper sparingly (for example, the back side);
- handle textbooks and books carefully;
- treat things with care so that they serve us longer;
- give the things you don’t wear to those in need;
- When preparing food, try not to turn healthy foods into waste;
- give things a “second life”
If each of us follows these rules, I think that the world around us will become a little cleaner.
Let us together make sure that there is always order in our school, in our village: clean classrooms and corridors, streets and alleys.
The Earth's tomorrow will be the same as we create it today. Let's take care of our Earth! We will not have another planet!
Bibliography
- "Our Environment". Tutorial for primary classes, publishing house "Drofa", 2001
- Alekseev S.V. Ecology. Textbook for students of grades 10-11. educational institutions different types. SMIO Press – 1997
- E.A. Kriksunov, V.V. Pasechnik, A.P. Sidorin, Ecology, textbook, publishing house. “Bustard”, 1997
- Chizhevsky A.E. I'm exploring the world. Ecology. ed. "Astrel" 2003
Internet resources
1.Waste disposal. http://pererabotka-musora.ru/.shtml
2.. musoranety.narod.ru
3.trasyy.livejournal.com
Application
Questionnaire
- “Do you collect waste paper?”
- If we have separate garbage collection, what will you do?
- “Do you collect and return empty glassware?”
- “Do you use both sides of the paper for notes?”
- “Do you use packaging to make useful things?”
- “Do you give away the clothes and shoes you have outgrown to others?
. “Do you treat school property with care?
Planned meals and smart shopping go a long way toward reducing food waste. In addition, there are a number of known ways to keep food fresh for a long time. What about the peels, peelings, stems and packaging: why do we throw them away without thinking? After all, they can also be given a second life!
1. Coffee grounds
- To give your hair a natural shine and silkiness, mix the rest of the drink with your conditioner and use this mixture once a week.
- When cleaning the fireplace, scatter moistened coffee grounds over the ashes to prevent dust from floating in the air.
- To eliminate unpleasant odors in the refrigerator, place a container filled with grounds diluted with water to a pulpy state.
- Mix the remaining coffee with coconut oil- this product will become the best natural scrub for your face.
2. Lettuce or celery trimmings
Both of these delicious products grow from their own roots. Just add water!
3. Sprouted potatoes
To grow young vegetables, you need to plant tubers with sprouts in soil or water.
4. Egg cartons
Containers of such an original shape can be used for many purposes. You can store fragile Christmas tree decorations in them, store golf balls, plant seedlings, use small cells as a paint palette...
5. Citrus peel
- For extra fiber and nutrients Add fresh crusts to your favorite smoothie.
- Insects do not tolerate citrus fruits. After chopping the peel, scatter it around your home - this will serve as a barrier to annoying pests.
- To neutralize the unpleasant odor from spoiled waste, place citrus fruit trimmings in the bottom of the trash can.
- If you need to keep the skin soft, place it in a bag of brown sugar and keep it in the refrigerator.
- Making lemon vinaigrette is easy! It is necessary to dry the zest, chop it and mix with salt or pepper.
6. Milk or juice carton
- These boxes are coated with wax, making them difficult to recycle. Why not make a birdhouse?
- To make a base for a container for planting plants, use the bottom part of the bag.
- You can turn drink packaging into a piggy bank with a hole.
- Kids can build castles and cities using boxes tightly sealed with adhesive tape.
7. Onion and garlic peels
Did you know that onion and garlic skins contain much more nutrients than the fruit itself? When you decide to make soup, use the peelings as a natural flavoring.
8. Watermelon rinds
- You can make delicious jam from them or prepare various pickles.
- Rubbing the remaining pulp into the skin helps get rid of acne.
9. Celery leaves
They can be eaten, just like the stems! Add top part in soup, stew or smoothie. They can also be used as an edible garnish for your dishes.
10. Banana peel
- Can be used as fertilizer for tomato seedlings.
- To get rid of pests, it needs to be crushed and fertilized with the resulting mass in the garden.
- Rub a piece of banana peel on your skin to get rid of itching, rashes, psoriatic plaques and insect bites.
- When frying boneless meat, add the skin to the pan to prevent it from drying out.
- Naterev inside banana peel shoes or silver, you will achieve a natural shine.
11. Broccoli stems and leaves
Eat them! Freshly chopped leaves make a great addition to a salad. Plus, they can be cooked and eaten like regular cabbage.
12. Roots of leeks (green onions)
Onions are easy to grow at home. To ensure that the bulb continuously receives nourishment, cut off the shoots and place it in a jar of water!
13. Butter wrappers
The small amount of oil remaining on the packaging can be used to grease baking pans! The wrapping paper should be folded and stored in the refrigerator until needed.
14. Wine corks
- Use them as miniature containers for planting succulent plants.
- You can make a bathroom mat from corks cut into discs.
- The plugs connected by the side surfaces easily turn into a hot stand.
- To get a nice keychain that won’t sink in water, you need to insert a carabiner into one of the flat parts of the cork.
15. Cabbage stems
- Marinate them.
- For extra nutrients and fiber, add them to a smoothie or juice.
- Want to make a unique seasoning? Dry the stems and then chop them and mix with salt.
16. Apple peelings
Pre-dried peels can be used to make delicious autumn tea.
Using malic acid you can get rid of stains on aluminum pans and frying pans.
To get rid of dark circles under the eyes, place the peel under the lower eyelid for 5-10 minutes.
17. Almond paste
If you've ever made your own almond milk, you've probably wondered what to do with the pulp? Just lay it out in a thin layer on a sheet of thick paper and let it dry. Then grind it into a powder you can use for baking!
18. Pineapple tops
This is true! With a little patience, you can actually grow a pineapple from the crown that everyone usually throws away. You don't even have to live in the tropics to do this.
19. Fruit or vegetable pulp
In the process of preparing homemade juices from fresh vegetables and fruits, a lot of pulp remains. Don't throw it away!
- You can add it to cocktails to give them a richer taste.
- Use the mixture to bake delicious bread.
- The pulp makes excellent and completely harmless fruit chips.
- Pancakes prepared with the addition of fruit pulp will turn out incredibly tasty.
20. Coffee filters
- To make your shoes shine, wipe them with damp coffee filter paper.
- Once pre-cut, use filters to make wonderful muffins.
- You can wipe off dust with washed and dried filters.
- This is an excellent replacement for expensive fabric face masks, which are used to moisturize and nourish the skin.
21. Eggshell
- To calcinate the soil, add crushed shells to it.
- Place it at the bottom of the flower pot as drainage.
- Egg shells, crushed and added to pet food, will become a source of calcium for your pet.
- To make cheap coffee less bitter, add powdered shells to it.
22. Meat bones
Leave them in the slow cooker overnight along with a not too rich homemade broth, and by morning it will become aromatic and nutritious.
23. Brine
When all the pickles in the jar have been eaten, add fresh cucumbers into the remaining brine. This is how you can do it salted cucumbers quick cooking!
24. Packaging nets for vegetables and fruits
A few simple movements, and such a mesh will turn into a homemade grater for cleaning the bottoms of pots and pans.
25. Paper towel cylinders
There is always a use for such rollers in the home. The cord lock is one of the best options their use!
26. Container of grated Parmesan cheese
Wash it and dry it, after which you can store anything in it. This could be seasonings or any other product (for example, salt or baking soda), which needs to be sprinkled.
27. Packing nets for onions or potatoes
They can be used to create unique gift wrapping, as well as a bag for children's toys or laundry.
28. Apple cores
To make a delicious fruit vinegar, use not only these but also other fruit scraps.
29. Carrot tops
- Add to soup or stew.
- When making your own pesto sauce, as an option, add carrot stems to it.
- In addition, tops can be grown from the trimmed tops of carrots!
Having become acquainted with these wonderful and, of course, useful tips for recycling household waste, you involuntarily think about more global issues. Recently, the population has begun to throw away everything large quantity packaging, household appliances, etc.
Today the problem of the need to reuse things seems especially acute! If you understand it properly, you can understand that, by acquiring a second life, seemingly unnecessary waste helps to save energy and natural resources.
Irina Maslakova
Environmental project “Give a second life! Recycling of household waste"
Ecological project« Give a second life!» (recycling of household waste)
Rationale
If a person only hears, he can
doubt if he only sees, he can still
doubt, but if a person did something
with his own hands, he no longer doubts.
The words on the wall of Beltsville -
research
US agricultural center
Summer is the time to collect not only berries and mushrooms, but And: garbage. Unfortunately, plastic bottles and metal cans have become an integral part of forests and river banks. And this is a sign, frankly speaking, of not a very high culture of those who like to “relax” in nature. The waste problem is now acute in many countries. And it needs to be solved comprehensively: not only by searching for new processing technologies garbage, but also with the help environmental education. Moreover, the sooner we start doing this, the greater the chance of forming a generation with a new culture of behavior.
However, this is not enough to simply encourage children not to litter or make fires. In our opinion, bans will not help the matter, although in many institutions environmental work is based specifically on slogans: “You can’t”, “Don’t do”, “Don’t quit.” But the behavior of even a little person must be conscious and motivated. And to the conclusion that trash has no place in the forest, he must come on his own, albeit under the strict guidance of an adult. It serves precisely these purposes project"Garbage must be separated so that use again".
Almost every day we throw away plastic bottles, disposable tableware, food packaging, all kinds of boxes, straws, old felt-tip pens, newspapers, bottle caps, etc., etc. And we hardly think about how much time it takes to get these the waste has rotted. Now it's fashionable to talk about ecology, about new ways using waste for the common good because much of this garbage can get a new use, becoming the basis for an original children's craft or an exciting toy, maybe used for a fun game room. This topic is inexhaustible. You can endlessly come up with new roles for old things that surround us, and it’s not a matter of wealth or poverty, it’s a matter of moral attitude towards them. The most important thing is to teach children to experience the feeling of joy from independently completed work, to teach them to overcome difficulties and to increase their responsible attitude towards ecological situation in the village.
“Every child is to some extent a genius, and every genius is to some extent a child.” This famous quote from Schopenhauer needs clarification. What is the genius of a child? And where does this natural childish genius manifest itself? The main quality of a genius is to see things and events beyond their ordinary and generally accepted meaning, to see contrary to opinion and prejudices. It is in this sense that every child is a genius. To do this, it is enough to give the opportunity to express and establish children’s creativity, to recognize it as a unique phenomenon that requires respect. A child whose creativity is recognized throughout childhood life will gain the strength to think independently and originally. The passion of a teacher can infect the most passive child. Let him try repeat. Surely he will do something in his own way, he will have to use his imagination - this is an integral property of waste material.
Bottle caps, plastic caps, old pens, yogurt cups and even juice cartons are great materials for all kinds of crafts. And what can you come up with from plastic bottles: they can be sprinklers, vases, skittles, and targets for towns. You can use them to make a shovel and sand molds, boats and even a whole raft.
Working with such materials contributes to the development of children's design activities. Using various tools, they learn to process and connect parts from various materials, learn their properties, which contributes to the development of their imagination and technical skills. Work with various kinds materials expands children's knowledge about the world around them. This topic is inexhaustible.
Preparation project was carried out within the framework of the specialized health-improving school camp "School Academy of Chemist".
The "School Academy of Chemist" program was presented at a regional competition summer programs and was awarded a certificate for 2nd place and a cash prize of 2 thousand rubles.
Target project: creating conditions for the development of creativity, cognitive and responsible interest in environmental environment through the production of crafts from various household waste.
Work on project does not require large financial outlays. You just need to take a close look at what is around and give the child the opportunity to invent, create, and try on his own.
Expected results:
1. Making creative works from household waste
2. Participation in regional competitions and exhibitions.
1. Methodology project
Any environmental project can be divided into several stages: preparatory, theoretical, creative.
Preparatory stage
We draw children's attention to the fact that every day we throw away garbage. Where does he go? And at home the guys are accumulating garbage? What are his parents doing with him? Is it possible to see garbage in the vicinity of the school? Where does it come from?
Theoretical stage
We collect household waste on the territory of the kindergarten.
We sort everything collected: metal garbage, plastic, paper, etc. Among we are garbage For example, they found plastic bottles, metal soda cans, paper, pieces of glass, and plastic bags.
We invite children to carefully consider the entire garbage: where could he have come from here?
We discuss that all natural objects are processed, eaten by someone and ultimately turn into soil. But bottles and cans are made by human hands; these are not natural, but artificial objects. There is no plastic in nature, so there are no animals that could eat it or recycle it. The truth arises question: after all, paper is also made by human hands, but it still disappears over time. Why? Let's remember what paper is made of done: made of wood, and trees are nature; many forest inhabitants are not averse to profiting from wood.
What is the period of rotting of various garbage?
Paper decomposes: 1 year Tin can decomposes: > 90
Cigarette filters decompose: 1 year polybag decomposes: > 200
Plastic decomposes:- 200 Years Glass decomposes:> 1000
Practical stage
We made sure that people throw away a lot garbage: Is it possible somehow use? We invite children to make paintings (crafts, toys from waste, create interesting sculptures, and various feeders from packaging materials.
2. Creative laboratory
Search for trinkets" Ecological raid"
To work, we will need the most incredible things from which we can make something. The children were given a task to time: collect on the children's territory garden: something soft, something square, something transparent, something sharp, something long, something left behind by a person, something round, an eggshell, a feather, something paper, etc. d.
Make crafts from everything they find.
Cart for garbage from magazine pages
Champagne cork board
New Year decoration
Old burnt out light bulbs should not be thrown away. If you decorate them with glass paints, they will turn out wonderful. Christmas decorations which can last for many years.
The next object of our attention is disposable plates
They also make very, very interesting crafts. The simplest thing is to paint paper plates. It turns out beautifully if the design is located in the center of the plate, and the corrugated frame remains monochromatic (white or colored). You can draw whatever your heart desires.
Disposable plates make funny little animals. A whole plate can become, for example, a lion's head. To do this, we cover it with yellow paint, draw a muzzle, and the mane will be a corrugated edging, painted brown or Orange color. From half of another plate we will make a body for the lion and glue it to the head. The remaining piece of the plate is turned into a tail using scissors. If you get a little creative, you can make a turtle, a cat, and ladybug, and a spider.
hat making
It would be nice to set up a hat workshop. And for this we will need all the same disposable plates. Using a hole punch or scissors, make small holes on both sides of the plate. Secure ribbons or elastic bands in them. These will be the ties. Now put the “hat” on the table and start decorating it. Paints, artificial flowers, ribbons, bows, feathers, beads, pasta, sparkles, scraps of fabric, lace, brooches - in general, everything will be used. And if you remember footage from historical films, where ladies wore not just hats on their heads, but real works of art in the form of vases with fruit or entire ships, then you will probably have additional ideas for decoration. If “hat making” captivates the kids, you can, like real fashion designers, create entire thematic collections of hats. For example: "These amazing animals", "Hello, spring!" or "Sea Treasures". And be sure to arrange a hat show for dad or grandparents.
Matryoshka dolls from a spoon
This round-faced, ruddy nesting doll is made from disposable spoons, cups, and napkins.
For this you will need: disposable cups, colorful paper napkins, thread, markers, scissors, colored paper
"Murano glass"
Glass painting is an ancient art. Therefore, we could not bypass this type of creativity. It's nice to put flowers in a beautiful "vase" any time.
Massage track
IN summer period Teachers face an important primary task - the improvement and hardening of children. You can make a simulator for foot massage with your own hands.
You will need: plywood of any size, instant glue, carbonated drink caps and your imagination. Bottle caps are also suitable for playing checkers. What children love very much.
Paperwork master
Over the course of the year, the children accumulate a lot of leftover colored and office paper. In the spring, we warned them not to throw away this paper. During the classes, children learned the basics of modular origami and quilling. To make crafts you only need paper, scissors, and a ruler. You can also use glossy magazines. A craft made in origami style will be wonderful a gift for the holidays.
3. Fun toy library
Use household waste It is possible not only for making crafts, but also for playing very interesting outdoor and board games.
"Soap Extravaganza"
Of course, you can buy a bright jar or gun with soap bubbles in the store. But it’s much more interesting to make bubbles literally with your own hands. To do this, take liquid dishwashing detergent or grated laundry soap. Mix with water in proportion 1 :10 and add 50-100 ml of glycerin. The solution is ready! You can blow bubbles through regular cocktail straws. And you can start game: who has the longest-lived bubble, who has the farthest-flying bubble, who has the largest bubble, etc.
"Air Football"
This game will captivate any child. Take a box with low sides, a drawer, or make your own from a box. To play, you need to install a goal on the playing field, take a large bead instead of a ball, or make a ball out of paper. Two people can play using cocktail straws. Everyone must blow the opponent's ball into his goal. After training, you can safely organize competitions.
Rope course
The ropes course is so called because using ropes. These may be remnants of yarn or strong threads. Moms always end up with a ball that they hate to throw away. This is where it comes in handy.
a) "Web" or "Swamp" (as you like).
On the territory of a school, garden, or park, a flat area with four trees forming a square is selected. A rope/thread with many holes for legs is stretched between them. The task is to cross the entire team through the web from one side to the other without touching any part of it. If you touch the thread, go back and start the exercise again. After training, you can hold a competition between teams.
b) "Geometric figure"
All participants in the game stand in a circle. They are given a thread or rope of a certain length. The children hold on to her. The first task is to compose any geometric figure With with open eyes and talking. On second stage - make a figure (rhombus, triangle, circle, etc.) with open eyes, but not talking. And the third task - the eyes are closed, the mouth is closed, we make a figure at random. Leadership qualities are developed during the game
"Munhausen shooting gallery"
A shooting range is a place where people shoot at targets. The guys made their own darts from scrap materials. The target was made from juice boxes left over from lunch. They glued them together. All that's left to do is arrange a competition to see who is the most accurate.
"Young jugglers"
At school, the kids love to throw different objects at each other. We decided to help them with this. We made blanks of “balls” of a certain size to make them comfortable to hold. For this we needed some leftover paper and tape. Forward. The game begins. This entertainment Promotes concentration and balance.
"Box Meetings"
These are fun sports competitions. And they are “boxed” because in all relay races Use juice boxes, which the children drank for afternoon tea.
Several teams of 3 to 5 people can participate.
Different stages:
Carry the box on your head
Carry the box on your shoulder
Carry the box on your back
Carry the box onto your leg near the foot
Carry the box on your nose
Carry the box, pressing your chin to your neck, etc.
You can make a wonderful robot out of juice boxes." Garbage collector".
