Pitfalls of the legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of solid waste disposal. Features of solid waste management

Document's name:
Document Number:	485-PP
Type of document:
Host body:	The government of Moscow
Status:	Acting
Published:
Date of adoption:	13 September 2012
Effective date:	13 September 2012
Revision date:	30 June 2017

On conducting an experiment on handling solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-West Administrative District of Moscow, and amending ...

THE GOVERNMENT OF MOSCOW

RESOLUTION

Conducting an experiment on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-Western Administrative District of the city of Moscow, and amending the Resolution of the Moscow Government dated April 24, 2007 N 299-PP

Document with changes made:
Resolution of the Moscow Government dated November 27, 2012 N 671-PP (Bulletin of the Mayor and the Moscow Government, N 66 (volume 7), November 29, 2012);
Resolution of the Moscow Government dated October 2, 2013 N 662-PP (Bulletin of the Mayor and the Moscow Government, N 56, 08.10.2013) (applies to legal relations arising from January 1, 2013);
(Official website of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow www.mos.ru, 23.12.2015);
Resolution of the Moscow Government dated July 7, 2016 N 402-PP (Official website of the Mayor and the Moscow Government www.mos.ru, July 8, 2016) (applies to legal relations arising from July 1, 2016);
Resolution of the Moscow Government dated June 30, 2017 N 399-PP (Official website of the Mayor and the Moscow Government www.mos.ru, June 30, 2017).
____________________________________________________________________

In order to increase the level of protection environment and public health from the negative impact of waste, as well as an increase in the share of collection of secondary material resources, taking into account the requirements of federal laws of June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ "On production and consumption waste" and of October 6, 2003 N 131-FZ "On general principles of organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation ", as well as the Law of the City of Moscow of November 30, 2005 N 68" On production and consumption waste in the city of Moscow "Moscow Government

decides:

1. Conduct from January 1 to December 31, 2013 on the territory of the South-West Administrative District of Moscow, an experiment on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings (hereinafter referred to as waste).

2. To approve the Procedure for conducting an experiment on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-West Administrative District of Moscow (Appendix 1).

3. To approve the Requirements for the composition and quality of services for the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings (Appendix 2).

4. Establish that:

4.1. To ensure the uninterrupted performance of the entire range of works on waste management (creation of infrastructure and technical base, provision of collection, transportation, disposal, disposal of waste), characterized by cyclicality and continuity (clause 1), the state customer concludes a state contract for a period of up to 15 years.

4.2. The purpose of the state contract is to organize the centralized management of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow by one contractor, selected in accordance with the established procedure following the auction.

4.3. Planned results of the state contract:

Implementation centralized system handling waste generated in apartment buildings (removal, transportation, processing, placement and disposal);

Ensuring compliance with sanitary-epidemiological, environmental and other norms and rules in the process of waste management, including requirements for the state and characteristics road transport used to transport waste;

Optimization of expenditures of the budget of the city of Moscow within the limits of budgetary allocations provided for the specified purposes;

Optimization of logistics and reduction of the number of garbage trucks on the streets of Moscow;

Creation of waste sorting facilities.

4.4. Scope of work under a government contract:

Removal and transportation of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings of the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow, from the places of their collection (container sites) to the disposal / disposal facility;

Neutralization / placement of solid household waste and bulky waste with ensuring the selection of secondary material resources in the amount established by this decree.

4.5. Bidding at the choice of the contractor for the performance of work (provision of services) for the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow, for a period of up to 15 years, should be:

4.6. Funding is carried out within the limits of budget allocations provided for the specified purposes in the law of the city of Moscow on the budget of the city of Moscow for the corresponding fiscal year and the planned period to the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow.

5. To amend the Decree of the Moscow Government dated April 24, 2007 N 299-PP "On measures to bring the management system of apartment buildings in the city of Moscow in line with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation" (as amended by resolutions of the Moscow Government dated August 28, 2007 N 752 -PP, dated March 11, 2008 N 177-PP, dated April 8, 2008 N 284-PP, dated May 13, 2008 N 381-PP, dated July 22, 2008 N 639-PP, dated August 5, 2008 N 708 -PP, dated August 19, 2008 N 738-PP, dated August 26, 2008 N 766-PP, dated December 30, 2008 N 1248-PP, dated February 10, 2009 N 78-PP, dated June 30, 2009 N 642 -PP, dated August 4, 2009 N 745-PP, dated December 8, 2009 N 1357-PP, dated September 29, 2010 N 854-PP, dated November 30, 2010 N 1038-PP, dated December 21, 2010 N 1080 -PP, dated January 18, 2011 N 4-PP, dated March 29, 2011 N 92-PP, dated May 16, 2011 N 202-PP, dated August 16, 2011 N 369-PP, dated August 30, 2011 N 401 -PP, dated December 6, 201 1 year N 574-PP, dated June 15, 2012 N 272-PP), setting out Appendix 2 to the Temporary Order of Appendix 1 to the Resolution as amended in accordance with Appendix 3 to this Resolution.

6. Control over the implementation of this resolution shall be entrusted to the Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Moscow Government for housing and communal services and improvement PP Biryukov.

Mayor of Moscow
S.S. Sobyanin

Appendix 1. Procedure for conducting an experiment on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-Western Administrative District of the city of Moscow

1. General Provisions

1.1. This Procedure for conducting an experiment on handling solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow (hereinafter referred to as the Procedure) determines the conditions for conducting an experiment on handling solid household waste and bulky waste (hereinafter referred to as waste) generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-West Administrative District of the city of Moscow.

1.2. An experiment on the management of waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-West Administrative District of Moscow administrative district of the city of Moscow.

1.3. The objectives of the experiment are:

1.3.1. Ensuring compliance with sanitary-epidemiological, environmental and other norms and rules in the process of waste management, including requirements for the state and characteristics of road transport used to transport waste.

1.3.2. Implementation of an integrated system of treatment (removal, processing, disposal and disposal) with waste generated in apartment buildings.

1.4. The experiment is based on the principles of voluntary participation in the experiment and the choice of the waste management method of organizations managing apartment buildings located in the South-West Administrative District of Moscow (hereinafter referred to as the management companies), and unconditional observance of their rights.

1.5. Indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the experiment are:

1.5.1. Reducing the average (per tonne) cost of waste management.

1.5.2. Increase in the share of selection of secondary material resources.

1.5.3. Reducing the impact on the environment, reducing the share of waste disposal.

2. Subject of the experiment

2.1. The experiment consists in the acceptance by the city of Moscow of obligations for the management of waste generated in apartment buildings by concluding with the management companies, if they make a corresponding decision, an agreement on participation in the experiment.

2.2. During the experiment, the following technological operations are performed (hereinafter referred to as waste management):

2.2.1. Transportation of waste from the container site (waste collection site) to the disposal / disposal site.

2.2.2. Neutralization and / or disposal of waste.

3. Organization of the experiment

3.1. Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow:

3.1.1. She is the coordinator of the experiment.

3.1.2. Provides methodological and regulatory support for the experiment, including setting requirements for waste management.

3.1.3. Approves approximate form agreements on participation in the experiment with organizations that manage apartment buildings (clause 4.1 of the Procedure).

3.1.4. During the experiment, submits to the Department economic policy and the development of the city of Moscow, a draft of the rates of the planned and normative expenditure for the maintenance and current repair of common property in an apartment building, which separately takes into account the amount of expenses for handling waste from an apartment building.

3.1.5. Based on the results of the experiment, it submits to the Moscow Government a report on the results of its implementation and proposals on the feasibility of introducing experimental mechanisms throughout the city of Moscow.

3.2. State treasury institution of the city of Moscow for the organization of production and consumption waste management "Mosekoprom" (GKU "Mosekoprom"):

3.2.1. Within the framework of the experiment, performs the functions of a state customer for organizing and carrying out work on the management of waste generated in apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-West Administrative District of the city of Moscow, whose management companies have concluded an agreement on participation in the experiment.

3.2.2. Notifies management companies of an experiment.

3.3. The Prefecture of the South-West Administrative District of Moscow, upon the request of GKU "Mosekoprom", sends to GKU "Mosekoprom" information received from the administrations of districts of the city of Moscow about management companies receiving subsidies from the Moscow budget for the maintenance and current repairs of common property in accordance with the established procedure. apartment buildings (hereinafter referred to as the Subsidy).
(Clause 3.3 is additionally included from January 1, 2016 by the decree of the Moscow Government dated December 22, 2015 N 920-PP)

4. Conditions and procedure for participation in the experiment

4.1. The attraction of management companies to participate in the experiment is ensured by the State Public Institution "Mosekoprom" by sending a signed draft agreement on participation in the experiment on the management of waste generated in apartment buildings (hereinafter referred to as the agreement) to management companies that receive Subsidies in accordance with the established procedure in a way that ensures their confirmation receiving.
(Clause 4.1 as amended, entered into force on January 1, 2016 by the decree of the Moscow Government dated December 22, 2015 N 920-PP.

4.2. The participants in the experiment are management companies that receive Subsidies in accordance with the established procedure, have voluntarily signed an agreement (clause 4.1 of the Procedure) and submitted it to the State Public Institution "Mosekoprom" in accordance with the established procedure.
(Clause 4.2 as amended, entered into force on January 1, 2016 by the decree of the Moscow Government dated December 22, 2015 N 920-PP.

4.3. The participation of management companies in the experiment begins on the 1st day of the calendar quarter following the quarter in which GKU Mosekoprom received a signed agreement from the management company, but not earlier than 70 days from the date of receipt of the agreement by GKU Mosekoprom (clause 4.2 of the Procedure ). GKU "Mosekoprom" notifies the management company of the date of the beginning of its participation in the experiment.

4.4. The management company terminates the experiment on the basis of an application from the management company, which is submitted to GKU "Mosekoprom" no later than October 1 calendar year.

The management company ceases to participate in the experiment from the first day of the calendar year following the year in which the corresponding application was submitted to GKU "Mosekoprom".

5. Funding the experiment

5.1. The financing of the costs associated with the implementation of the experiment is carried out within the budgetary allocations provided for in the law of the city of Moscow on the budget of the city of Moscow for the corresponding financial year and planning period to the Department of Housing and Communal Services and Improvement of the City of Moscow for the indicated purposes.

5.2. The amount of the Subsidy for organizations that carry out activities for the management of apartment buildings and are participants in the experiment shall be reduced by the cost of work on waste management generated in apartment buildings, determined at the rate of 2.34 rubles. per 1 sq.m. total area of ​​residential and non-residential premises.
(Clause as amended by the Decree of the Moscow Government dated June 30, 2017 N 398-PP).

5.3. In the event that the amount of the Subsidy is less than the cost of waste management work generated in an apartment building, the management company organizes waste management in accordance with the provisions provided for in clause 5.4 of this Procedure.

5.4. Organizations that manage apartment buildings located on the territory of the South-Western Administrative District of the city of Moscow and are not recipients of Subsidies, physical and legal entities who own and / or use non-residential premises in apartment buildings, and enterprises and organizations located in the South-West Administrative District of Moscow, organize waste management at their own expense.

6. Ensuring waste management

6.1. In order to organize the management of waste generated in apartment buildings, GKU "Mosekoprom" ensures the placement of a state order in the manner established by Federal Law No. 94-FZ of July 21, 2005 "On Placing Orders for the Supply of Goods, Execution of Works, and municipal needs "and legal acts of the city of Moscow.

6.2. The subject of the state order is the performance of work (provision of services) for the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow.

Appendix 2. Requirements for the composition and quality of the provision of services for the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings

1. Technical requirements

1.1. Technical requirements to containers, bins used for waste collection:

1.1.1. The container must meet the following requirements: galvanized or painted (twice a year: spring, autumn), made of stamped sheet steel with a spring-loaded tight-fitting and easy-opening lid with two pairs of swivel, rubberized, metal wheels with a diameter of at least 150 mm, with a capacity of 1 , 1 cubic meter The container must be in a technically sound condition, be marked with the details of the owner, the time of removal of solid household waste.

1.1.2. Disinfection and washing of containers is carried out as needed, but at least once every 10 days, except for the winter period.

1.1.3. The bunker must meet the following requirements: made of sheet metal with a thickness of at least 3 mm, with a capacity of at least 8 cubic meters. The bunker must be in a technically sound condition, painted (twice a year: spring, autumn), be marked with the owner's details.

1.1.4. Bins should be delivered to waste collection points clean and disinfected.

1.1.5. In accordance with the approved in the established order scheme of sanitary maintenance of the territory and in agreement with the territorial executive authority of the city of Moscow, containers and bunkers may have a different volume, size, be made of a different material (plastic), be buried.

1.2. Technical requirements for vehicles (garbage trucks).

1.2.1. Auto vehicle(garbage truck) must be equipped with a positioning system (GLONASS and / or GPS), providing real-time data transmission, including telemetry equipment, to ensure:

Radiation monitoring;

Blocking the hydraulics of the container loading mechanism in case of attempts to unauthorized loading containers that are not provided for in the electronic route map;

Accounting for turning on / off the engine of the garbage truck;

Fixing the current and average speed garbage truck movement;

Fixing the fuel consumption of the garbage truck;

Fixing a unit weight of waste in a container;

Fixation of the total weight of waste in the garbage truck.

1.2.2. The garbage truck must comply with environmental characteristics of at least EURO-4.

1.2.3. The service life of the garbage truck should not exceed the period useful use vehicle according to its technical data sheet.

1.2.4. The garbage truck must be equipped with a video recorder.

1.2.5. The driver of the garbage truck enters the route if there is an electronic route map.

1.2.6. The noise level when loading containers and bunkers, the operation of the engine of the garbage truck, in total, should be:

Maximum: at night no more than 60 dBA, in the daytime no more than 70 dBA;

Equivalent: at night no more than 45 dBA, at day time no more than 55 dBA;

1.2.7. The garbage truck must enter the route in a technically sound condition, be marked with the owner's details.

1.3. Technical requirements for the object of neutralization and disposal of waste:

1.3.1. The facility for neutralization and / or disposal of waste should be equipped with waste control and accounting equipment that provides data transmission in real time to ensure:

Radiation monitoring;

Video surveillance at the entrance / exit of the garbage truck;

Weight accounting of waste;

Reading and accounting of an electronic route map.

1.3.2. The accommodation facility (waste disposal site) must be equipped with a mast with rotary camera providing real-time data transmission.

1.3.3. The video surveillance system must comply with the standards determined by the Moscow Government.

1.3.4. An object for neutralization and / or disposal of waste must comply with the requirements for such objects by legislation and regulatory legal acts Russian Federation and the city of Moscow.

2. Requirements for information support

2.1. When performing work on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings, material and technical equipment must be provided (computers, office equipment, software, consumables, etc.) activities, in terms of information interaction and information disclosure.

2.2. All technical waste management operations are recorded (in the form of an electronic log), including telemetry data.

The specified information and data are signed with an electronic digital signature of an official of the executor of work in the ACS of the ODS.

2.3. The consideration of well-grounded complaints of citizens arriving at the information portals of the Moscow Government is ensured.

2.4. Ensuring disclosure of information on activities related to waste management.

3. The list of organizations that monitor, control and supervise the activities of the contractor providing services for the management of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings

The list of organizations that monitor, control and supervise the activities of the contractor who provides the service for handling solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings through the ACS ODS is determined in accordance with the current legislation.

4. Requirements for environmental support of work on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings

4.1. Ensuring separate collection and / or sorting of waste with the release of secondary raw materials: in 2013 at least 10%, in 2014 at least 15%, in 2015 at least 20%.

4.2. Elimination of waste weight loss during transportation of more than 0.5% of the total weight of waste.

4.3. Ensuring the neutralization of waste up to hazard class V.

4.4. Providing in each area for collecting waste paper, PET containers and aluminum containers, household chemical power sources from the population using stationary, semi-mobile and mobile collection points on a reimbursable and gratuitous basis at the rate of 1 per 12.5 thousand people.

4.5. Ensuring the installation of containers or bunkers for collecting glass containers from the population at the rate of 1 container per 1,000 people.

5. Organizational support

5.1. A legal entity operating an object of disposal and / or disposal of waste, in accordance with the established procedure, draws up a license to carry out activities and a permit to receive the corresponding volume of waste.

5.2. Waste management works must be carried out in accordance with the legislation and regulations of the Russian Federation and the city of Moscow in the field of improvement, ecology and sanitation.

5.3. When carrying out work, liability must be insured for the following factors:

Damage to the environment;

Violation of sanitary and environmental legislation;

Harm to the health of citizens;

Damage to the property of individuals and legal entities.

5.4. A dispatch service and a telephone hotline should be established.

5.5. A garbage truck driver's working day lasts no more than 8 hours a day.

5.6. In accordance with the established procedure, a tripartite agreement is signed (between the Government of Moscow, the association of trade unions of the city of Moscow, the association of employers) and collective agreement(between the employer and employees represented by their representative).

Appendix 3. Amendments to Appendix 1 to the Decree of the Moscow Government dated April 24, 2007 N 299-PP

Appendix 2
to the Time Order

Methodology for calculating the amount (amount) of budget subsidies

I. When applying the procedure and prices established by the Government of Moscow

The amount (amount) of the budget subsidy is determined as the difference between the planned normative expenditure - the amount of expenditure calculated on the basis of the rates of the planned normative expenditure approved in the prescribed manner, and the income of the managing organization from calculating payments for the maintenance and repair of common property in an apartment building at prices, established by the Government of Moscow.

Cm (i) = P (i) - D (i) - A (i) *, where:

Р (i) - planned-normative expense for i-th month(rub.);

________________

D (i) - income for the i-th month based on the calculation of charges for services for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Government of Moscow (rubles);

A (i) - waste management costs for the i-th month (rubles).

A (i) = O x P

P (i) is determined by the formula:

P (i) = Cm x [P1 (i) + P2 (i) + P3 (i)], where:

St - the rate of the planned and normative expense for the maintenance and current repair of common property in an apartment building, approved in accordance with the established procedure by the Government of Moscow for the corresponding period of time (the rate is applied depending on the category of the house and whether the land plot is included or not included in the common property) (RUB / sq.m per month);

P1 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises that are state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under the terms of a social rental agreement for residential premises or a rental agreement for specialized residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms, for the (i-th) month (sq. m);

P2 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises owned by citizens who have the right to pay for services for the maintenance and repair of residential premises in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms for (i-th) months (sq. m);

P3 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under a housing lease agreement commercial use paid at the prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied in excess of the established norms for the (i-th) month (sq. m).

D (i) is determined by the formula:

D (i) = C1 x [A1.1 (i) + A2.1 (i)] + C1 x A1.2 (i) + C2 x [A2.2 (i) + A3.1 (i)] + Ц3 х [А1.3 (i) + А2.3 (i)] + Ц4 х [А1.4 (i) + А2.4 (i) + А3.2 (i)], where:

P2.1 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the first floor of a building owned by citizens, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms for the (i-th) month (sq.m);

P2.2 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the first floor of a house owned by citizens, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied in excess of the established norms for the (i-th) month ( sq.m);

P2.3 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the second floor of the building and above, owned by citizens, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms for (i-th ) month (sq. m);

P2.4 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the second floor of the building and above, owned by citizens, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied in excess of the established norms for (i-th) months (sq. m);

P3.1 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the first floor of a building that is state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied by citizens under a contract of lease of housing stock for commercial use, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Government of Moscow for the area occupied in excess established norms for the (i-th) month (sq. m);

A3.2 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the second floor of a building and above, which are state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied by citizens under a contract of lease of housing stock for commercial use, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area, occupied in excess of the established norms, for the (i-th) month (sq. m);

Notes:

1. When determining the area of ​​premises that citizens have the right to pay at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms, the excess area is taken into account, which certain categories of citizens have the right to pay at prices established by the Moscow Government to pay for the area occupied within the established norms.

4. If, as of January 1 of the billing year, the rate of the planned normative expenditure for the billing year has not been approved, when determining the size of the budget subsidy, the rate of the planned normative expenditure of the previous year is applied until the rate of the planned normative expenditure for the billing period is approved.

II. When applying the prices set by the owners of premises in an apartment building

The amount (amount) of the budget subsidy is determined as the difference between the amount of income determined on the basis of the calculation of payments to tenants of residential premises owned by the city of Moscow, at the prices for the maintenance and repair of residential premises established by the owners of premises in an apartment building, and the amount of income, received from the accrual of payments for services for the maintenance and repair of residential premises to the named categories of citizens, in the manner and at prices established by the Government of Moscow.

The size (amount) of the budget subsidy is determined annually by the following calculation for each house:

Cg = sum Cm (i), i = 1 ... 12, where:

Сг - the size (amount) of the budget subsidy per year (rubles);

See (i) - the size (amount) of the budget subsidy, determined for each (i-th) month for each house (rubles).

See (i) is determined by the formula:

Cm (i) = Ds (i) - DP (i) - A (i) *, where:

Дс (i) - income for the i-th month based on the calculation of the calculation of payments to tenants of residential premises owned by the city of Moscow, at prices set by the owners of premises in an apartment building (rubles);

DP (i) - income for the i-th month, calculated from the accrual of payments to tenants of residential premises owned by the city of Moscow, in the manner and at prices established by the Government of Moscow (rubles);

A (i) - waste management costs for the i-th month, (rubles).

A (i) = O x P

О - the amount of expenses for waste management, approved in accordance with the established procedure (rubles / sq.m per month).

P is the total area of ​​residential and non-residential premises of an apartment building (sq. M).

Ds (i) is determined by the formula:

Дс (i) = Ц х [П1 (i) + П2 (i)], where:

C - the price for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, set by the owners of premises in an apartment building (rubles / sq.m per month);

P1 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises that are state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under the terms of a social rental agreement for residential premises or a rental agreement for specialized residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms , for the (i-th) month (sq. m);
________________
* This indicator is applied to organizations that manage apartment buildings located in the South-Western Administrative District of the city of Moscow and receive subsidies from the budget of the city of Moscow for the maintenance and current repair of common property in apartment buildings.

P2 (i) is the total area of ​​residential premises owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under a contract of lease of housing stock for commercial use, paid at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied in excess of the established norms, for the (i) month (sq. .m).

DP (i) is determined by the formula:

DP (i) = C1 x A1.1 (i) + C2 x [A1.2 (i) + A2.1 (i)] + C3 x A1.3 (i) + C4 x [A1.4 (i) + A2.2 (i)], where:

P1.1 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the first floor of a building that is state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under the terms of a social rental agreement for residential premises or a rental agreement for specialized residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Government Moscow for the area occupied within the established norms for the (i-th) month (sq. M);

P1.2 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the first floor of a house that is state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under the terms of a social rental agreement for residential premises or a rental agreement for specialized residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices established by the Government Moscow for the area occupied in excess of the established norms for the (i-th) month (sq. M);

P1.3 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the second floor of a building and above, which are state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under the terms of a social lease of residential premises or a lease of specialized residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices that established by the Government of Moscow for the area occupied within the established norms for the (i-th) month (sq. m);

P1.4 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the second floor of a building and above, which are state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under the terms of a social lease agreement for residential premises or a lease agreement for specialized residential premises, paid in the manner and at prices that established by the Government of Moscow for the area occupied in excess of the established norms for the (i-th) month (sq. m);

P2.1 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the first floor of a building that is state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under a contract of lease of housing stock for commercial use, paid at prices established by the Government of Moscow for the area occupied in excess of the established norms, for (i-th) month (sq. m);

P2.2 (i) - the total area of ​​residential premises located on the second floor of the building and above, which are state-owned by the city of Moscow, occupied under a contract of lease of housing stock for commercial use, paid at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied in excess of the established norms , for the (i-th) month (sq. m);

Ts1 - the price for the maintenance and repair of residential premises established by the Moscow Government for settlements with tenants or owners of residential premises for the area occupied within the established norms for residential premises located on the first floor of the house (rubles / sq.m per month);

Ts2 - the price for the maintenance and repair of residential premises, established by the Moscow Government for settlements with tenants or owners of residential premises for the area occupied in excess of the established norms, for residential premises located on the first floor of the house (rubles / sq.m per month);

Ts3 is the price for the maintenance and repair of residential premises established by the Government of Moscow for settlements with tenants or owners of residential premises for the area occupied within the established norms for residential premises located on the second floor of a house and above (rubles / sq.m per month );

Ts4 - the price for the maintenance and repair of residential premises established by the Moscow Government for settlements with tenants or owners of residential premises for the area occupied in excess of the established norms for residential premises located on the second floor of the house and above (rubles / sq.m per month) ...

Notes:

1. When determining the area of ​​premises that citizens have the right to pay at prices established by the Moscow Government for the area occupied within the established norms, the additional area provided to such citizens in accordance with the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and the city of Moscow is taken into account.

2. To calculate the budget subsidy for the maintenance and current repair of the common property of the hostel, the indicator "total area" is used with an increase in the area of ​​seats common use(corridors, toilets, kitchens, showers).

3. The actual cost is indicated if the approved prices for the area exceeding the established norms exceed its indicators per 1 square meter of the total area.

Document revision taking into account
changes and additions prepared
JSC "Codex"

On conducting an experiment on the handling of solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located in the South-Western Administrative District of Moscow, and amending the Resolution of the Moscow Government dated April 24, 2007 N 299-PP (as amended by 30 June 2017)

Document's name:	On conducting an experiment on handling solid household waste and bulky waste generated in apartment buildings located in the South-Western Administrative District of the city of Moscow, and amending the Resolution of the Moscow Government dated April 24, 2007 N 299-PP (as amended by 30 June 2017)
Document Number:	485-PP
Type of document:	Resolution of the Moscow Government
Host body:	The government of Moscow
Status:	Acting
Published:	Bulletin of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow, N 54, 09/29/2012
Date of adoption:	13 September 2012
Effective date:	13 September 2012
Revision date:	30 June 2017

All major garbage laws in this article are collected for the convenience of understanding the current situation in the Russian Federation. These documents are official and taken from the legal directory "Guarantor". It should be understood that all of them are relevant at a certain moment (February 2012), but in most cases nothing fundamentally new appears in this area.

Regulatory regulation of the provision of services for the removal of garbage and solid waste in the Russian Federation is carried out with the help of federal laws, government decrees, sanitary rules and other legal and regulatory documents.

Any organization engaged in production or other activities should assess the impact of its activities (positive or negative, active or passive) on the state of our environment. Moreover, any negative impact entails a fee. Requirements for permissible emissions and production wastes, rules for assessing the impact of various activities on the environment, as well as requirements related to environmental protection during a particular activity (construction, operation, etc.) are set out in the Federal Law of January 10, 2002 ... N7-FZ "On environmental protection". The amount of payment (standards) for the emission of various harmful and hazardous substances v atmospheric air, reservoirs, disposal of production and consumption wastes are established.

Enterprises and organizations that produce harmful emissions into the environment as a result of their activities are subject to state accounting, and state control is exercised over their activities. The obligations of such legal entities and individuals to comply with the rules for the protection of atmospheric air are covered by the Federal Law of May 4, 1999 N 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air.

The concept of production and consumption waste is given in the Federal Law of June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ "On production and consumption waste" . In addition, this law establishes the need for licensing the activities of economic entities when handling hazardous waste, and also introduced General requirements to the construction, design, liquidation, conservation of buildings and structures; requirements for the use of waste on the territory of cities, settlements and other settlements. The same regulation a ban has been established on the import of waste for disposal and disposal on the territory of Russia.

The classification of waste according to the degree of hazard (5 classes) can be found in Art. 4.1. Federal Law No. 89-FZ.

Only the activities of legal entities and entrepreneurs related to waste management, which have hazard classes from 1 to 4, are subject to licensing. This is the requirement of Art. 12 of the Federal Law of May 4, 2011 N 99-FZ "On Licensing Certain Types of Activities" organizations or individual enterprises for a period of 5 years, provided for by the Regulation on licensing activities for the collection, use, disposal, transportation, disposal of hazardous class I - IV waste (approved by the RF Government Decree of August 26, 2006 N 524).

When applying for the provision of waste collection services, the consumer should know that the contractor is obliged to provide him with the document with which the order is made. Such a document must contain information on the name of the contractor, his location, as well as the name of the customer, the type of service provided, the place of rendering services for the removal of solid waste, the timing and procedure for their execution and other information. There are no regulated tariffs for services for the removal of solid waste. Their cost is determined by the contractor independently, or by agreement with the consumer, while the conditions for the provision of services should be the same for all individuals and legal entities. Such features are enshrined in the Rules for the provision of services for the removal of solid and liquid household waste (approved by the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 10, 1997 N 155) .

Producers of radioactive waste should be guided by special regulations in their activities. The rules for the accumulation, storage and disposal of such types of waste are contained in the Federal Law of July 11, 2011 N 190-FZ "On Radioactive Waste Management and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation".

In connection with the decommissioning of the need to dispose of electric lamps and lighting devices with a mercury content of at least one hundredth of a percent, consumers should be aware that it is prohibited to store, neutralize and transport such used lamps on their own. If necessary, you should contact specialized organizations. In more detail with the rules for handling similar waste can be found in · Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 3, 2010 N 681 "On approval of the Rules for the management of production and consumption waste in terms of lighting devices, electric lamps, improper collection, accumulation, use, disposal, transportation and placement of which may cause harm to the life and health of citizens , harm to animals, plants and the environment " .

For isolation and neutralization of solid waste, special landfills for solid household waste are used. The use of such territories is mandatory, paid and official. Strict requirements are imposed on both the content of the landfill itself and the quality of the garbage and various household waste imported to it. On May 30, 2001, the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation approved the Sanitary Rules SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic Requirements for the Design and Maintenance of Landfills for Solid Waste". N 16 .

Special view waste - medical. They have their own classification (from epidemiologically safe waste to radioactive). Different waste classes cannot be mixed. Only persons who have reached the age of 18 and have undergone special training are allowed to work with such waste. More detailed requirements for the rules for handling medical waste are set out in the Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Norms of SanPiN 2.1.7.2790-10 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Management of Medical Waste" (approved by the Resolution of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 9, 2010 N 163 ) .

Moscow and the Moscow region are huge territories, striking in their pollution. On the territory of Moscow alone, about 18 million tons of waste is annually generated, 80% of which is disposed of in the Moscow region. In 2005, the Concept of the draft regional target program "Management of production and consumption waste in the Moscow region for 2006-2015" was adopted, approved by the Decision of the Moscow Regional Duma of 03/02/2005 N 6/131. It lists the main measures for the management of solid waste and methods solving problems related to unauthorized garbage disposal on the territory of the Moscow region. In addition, the Concept provides detailed list regulatory documents governing the field of waste management throughout the territory of the Russian Federation

The law of the city of Moscow "On production and consumption waste in the city of Moscow" dated 30.11.2005. No. 68 regulates the peculiarities of waste use on the territory of the capital. He established general requirements for various waste generators, as well as requirements that must be observed during collection, storage, processing, transportation and other actions with waste generated in Moscow and the Moscow region.

Basic rules for handling special kind waste - construction, regulated by a separate act - Decree of the Government of Moscow from 25.06.02 469-PP "On the procedure for handling construction and demolition waste in Moscow" . It covers in detail the issues of storage, transportation, processing of waste resulting from the construction, demolition or conservation of various buildings and structures in Moscow.

In general, the main regulation of this sphere of activity is carried out at the federal level, since the list of powers of all constituent entities of the Russian Federation is closed. Nevertheless, it is allowed to adopt various regional programs aimed at maintaining a favorable environment and minimizing harmful effects. different types waste in a particular entity.

The main regulatory documents in force in the Russian Federation in the field of waste management:

1. the federal law dated January 10, 2002 N7-FZ "On environmental protection" (with amendments and additions).
2. Federal Law of May 4, 1999 N 96-FZ "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" (with amendments and additions).
3. Federal Law of June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ "On production and consumption waste" (with amendments and additions).
4. Federal Law of May 4, 2011 N 99-FZ
   "On licensing certain types of activities"
5. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 26, 2006 N 524
   "On Approval of the Regulations on Licensing Activities for the Collection, Use, Decontamination, Transportation, Disposal of I-IV Hazard Class Wastes"
6. Federal Law of July 11, 2011 N 190-FZ "On Radioactive Waste Management and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation"
7. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 10, 1997 N 155 "On approval of the Rules for the provision of services for the removal of solid and liquid household waste" (with amendments and additions)
8. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 12, 2003 N 344
   "On the standards of payment for emissions into the atmospheric air of pollutants from stationary and mobile sources, discharges of pollutants into surface and underground water bodies, disposal of production and consumption waste "
9. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 3, 2010 N 681 "On approval of the Rules for the management of production and consumption waste in terms of lighting devices, electric lamps, improper collection, accumulation, use, disposal, transportation and placement of which may cause harm to the life and health of citizens , harm to animals, plants and the environment "
10. The concept of the draft regional target program "Management of production and consumption waste in the Moscow region for 2006-2015", approved by the Decision of the Moscow Regional Duma of 02.03.2005 N 6/131.
11. Law of the city of Moscow "On production and consumption waste in the city of Moscow" dated 30.11.2005. No. 68
12. Decree of the Moscow Government dated June 25, 2002 469-PP "ON THE ORDER OF CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLISION WASTE MANAGEMENT in MOSCOW"
13. Sanitary rules SP 2.1.7.1038-01 "Hygienic requirements for the design and maintenance of landfills for solid household waste" (approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of May 30, 2001 N 16)
14. Sanitary and Epidemiological Rules and Regulations
    SanPiN 2.1.7.2790-10 "Sanitary and Epidemiological Requirements for the Management of Medical Waste"
    (approved by the decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation of December 9, 2010 N 163)

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from 1 to 5 hazard class

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Solid household waste or MSW is all waste, consumption that accumulates in containers of apartment buildings and private houses.

More than 60 million tons of garbage are generated throughout Russia every year.

There are even certain standards for the accumulation of solid household waste per person. Reliable information about the volume in which solid household waste accumulates, their separation by elemental composition - this is an opportunity to correctly plan and organize collection, transportation, etc.

Classification of municipal solid waste

What is household waste classification? All solid household waste is systematized by composition, origin and level of harmful effects. The properties of household waste may vary depending on climatic features region, welfare of the population, season.

Classification of solid waste:

• Food residues
• Paper
• Textile
• Polymers
• Rubber
• Glass
• Ferrous and non-ferrous metals

According to the characteristics of education, waste materials are divided into two groups, each has its own properties:

• Organic
• Artificially created

The first option does not pose a threat to the environment. Most inorganic waste has long term decay into natural conditions, in the process of which the release of harmful substances occurs.

In a number of countries existing classification solid waste, it helps to group them according to the peculiarities of treatment. For example, in Japan, the principle of separating waste into hazardous household waste for disposal (incineration, burial) has been developed, and there are those that are subject to recycling. Category 5 solid waste is not subject to disposal.

In Russia, the annual number of mines in hazard class 1-5 is estimated at a significant value - about 65 million tons. Of this number, only 4% is processed, the rest of the raw materials are utilized. This garbage, belonging to different classes, is sent to landfills, where more than 80 billion tons have already been buried. Removing this amount of waste is impossible without the right approach. Recycling with the help of landfill is not an option.

Household waste hazard class

According to the level of harmful effects on the environment and what properties they have, all wastes are classified as solid household waste and are divided into 5 categories.

All these categories are found in MSW:

• I class of hazard - materials that pose a real and serious threat to the environment and people. This includes the following types: mercury-containing materials (thermometers, batteries, fluorescent lamps).
• Category II - also destroys the environment and is dangerous to humans, but in this case, nature can be restored if such garbage is removed in a timely manner. These include batteries with electrolytes and engine oils.
• III category of danger is capable of causing less harm to humans and nature. But, in case of damage to nature, the period of restoration of the previous state will take at least 10 years. These are types of cement mortar, paints, acetone, metal objects.
• IV hazard class MSW is a slightly harmful waste material, practically not dangerous to humans. They contain valuable raw materials that can be used as secondary raw materials. This is wood, waste paper, car tires, plastic.
• V class of waste hazard - substances, the properties of which are absolutely harmless to humans. Shards of ceramic tiles and utensils, brick fragments, food debris, wood shavings.

Solid waste, the hazard class of which belongs to the most harmful substances, although infrequently, is still found in the household waste of the population. The dispatch of such waste to landfills can be regarded only as an irresponsible attitude towards the environment and health of the future generation. Therefore, garbage separation plays a huge role.

Measures to reduce waste

The amount of solid waste is gradually increasing. A comprehensive waste reduction strategy is solved in two ways - waste disposal and recycling. In the first case, solid waste must be buried in landfills or incinerated. On the scale of our country, the creation of new landfills is not technically difficult, but the problem cannot be solved by such methods. Burning is also not the best way, since in its process a harmful emission into the atmosphere is formed.

Recycling raw materials involves reusing them. The main aspect for the development of the program is the separate collection of garbage. The program is already running in large cities... Classification and handling solid waste provides for the distribution of solid waste to recyclable raw materials and waste to be disposed of.

In our country, the conditions for a solution are just beginning to develop. The number of processing enterprises is increasing, incinerators are being re-equipped with modern equipment, and colored bins for the separate collection of household waste appear in the courtyards, which can reduce the fee for garbage collection.

Collection and handling of solid waste

A comprehensive strategy and standards for the collection of solid waste are established by SanPiN:

1. The temporary storage procedure should prevent the possibility of rotting and decomposition of the waste. In this regard, in winter time(temperature below - 5 ° C) waste materials should be stored no more than three days, and summer - no more than a day. In settlements, the period for which the collection is carried out is agreed with the local administration.
2. The regulations suggest collecting in standardized metal containers.
3. Containers are installed at least 20 meters from residential complexes, but not more than 100 meters.
4. V summer time containers should be washed at least once every ten days.
5. It is strictly forbidden to collect garbage from waste collection facilities for use as secondary raw materials.
6. The updated construction standards state that garbage chutes must be installed in new residential buildings, starting from five floors, into which collection is carried out.
7. The garbage chute and the garbage reception area, where the collection is carried out, must meet all the requirements of the departmental building codes (VSN) of class 8 - 72
8. The collection and subsequent removal of oversized solid waste is carried out once a week. The institution in charge of the residential complex is responsible for this.

The presented complex strategy, according to which the collection is carried out, is mandatory. In case of non-compliance with the rules of SanPiN, penalties are imposed.

OKVED

The General Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED) is a document that reflects all types of economic activities and their description.

The structure of OKVED is:

• Letter codes A - U OKVED. We can say that this is the title of the section. In OKVED 2 (of 2014), the letter coding does not carry any semantic meaning and it is prohibited to use it as a basis for designations.
• Six-digit numeric code designation. It is these values ​​that are assigned to each activity in OKVED.

According to OKVED, the collection of non-hazardous waste is included in section E: water supply, organization of waste collection and disposal, waste processing. Code designation OKVED 38.11.

This group according to OKVED includes the collection:

• Relatively harmless solid household waste within a specified area
• Textile garbage
• Recyclable material

Each organization whose activities are related to waste must register with government agencies in accordance with OKVED. Waste disposal and treatment are at 90.00.2. Not every activity has received its own individual code. OKVED has a section S, which describes other services.

Garbage collection rates for the population

Accumulation rate - the amount of garbage generated per person per unit of time, usually a day or a year. The accumulation rate is measured in kilograms or volume.

The accumulation rates are influenced by the following aspects:

• The device of a house or other housing complex. This includes the presence of a garbage chute, sewerage.
• Number of floors, type of heating
• Climate conditions. Most significant factor in this case, the difference in heating duration.

It is quite difficult to say specific figures for the accumulation of waste materials for the population in the country, since in each region it is different. But it is still possible to establish indicative norms:

• Comfortable residential complexes. The waste accumulation rate is 200 - 300 kilograms per person per year.
• Private and state institutions... The accumulation rate for organizations is 50% of the residential building rate. Approximately 160 kilograms per person.
• General accumulation rate. Taking into account the above standards, the average accumulation value for cities with populations above 100,000 is 260 - 330 kilograms per person.

Waste management log

It obliges persons carrying out activities in the field of waste management to keep a kind of reporting logs on solid household waste. This journal is kept by the responsible person of the enterprise.

General tips for keeping records:

• For structural divisions, a journal is used according to Appendix No. 1
• An enterprise conducting activities in the field of waste generation is obliged to annually submit a journal in the form of appendixes No. 3 and No. 4. And for institutions - carriers - No. 2.
• The journal is filled in upon completion of each waste operation. That is, after education, transportation, reception.

The magazine is an obligatory attribute of every company in the field of solid waste management. In case of violation of the rules for filling it out, the institution may be fined or closed. Title page journal is filled in free form... The accounting data in the journal are summarized according to the results of the next quarter.

Solid waste collection fee

The new law, which regulates fees for the transportation of garbage from residential complexes, entered into force on 1.12.2015. Waste collection fees are now included in the utilities section.

Accordingly, under the new rules, transportation charges are calculated according to the population of the house. The total amount is calculated as the number of population (number of inhabitants) multiplied by the utility tariff. Back in 2014, the fee was calculated from the area of ​​the dwelling. In the opinion of housing and communal services, innovations have led to a decrease in the cost of services, but this is far from the case. A few important notes:

• The collection fee for the garbage category is described in the receipt under the section on maintenance and service of the premises. Depending on the number of shipments, the fee may vary.
• The rules for the transportation of waste for private organizations have not changed. The fee and other features of the circulation in this case are established by the contract.

Municipal waste dumps are attractive places for rats, which carry dangerous infections. A variety of containers, including cans and bottles, can pose a serious threat to wildlife and insects. Many animals that enter such containers for the purpose of obtaining food cannot get out of them, therefore they die. This is just one of several problems that has prompted the government to enact several laws on the disposal and disposal of household and industrial waste.

The main part of waste is consumer waste, which is divided into:

• Household rubbish;
• Solid biological materials.

There is no such thing as “Garbage” in the law on waste disposal. All statutory provisions use the term “Waste”.

The government of the Russian Federation cares about the safety of the environment. To prevent the spread of infections and germs, the waste goes through several stages of processing.

These are:

1. Garbage collection in the respective territories;
2. Neutralization of toxic items;
3. Export;
4. Storage and disposal.

Export methods used by public authorities must be safe for public health and the environment. It is forbidden by law to incinerate the remains of garbage or take them out to places not intended for their storage.

The Federal Law "On Production and Consumption Wastes" controls the correct handling of production residues. Its main purpose is to prevent the harmful effects of garbage on the environment and human health. Also, legislative provisions provide for the ability to use recycled materials in the form of raw materials.

The basic principles of this Federal Law:

• Ensuring the safety of the health of citizens of the Russian Federation;
• Preservation or restoration of favorable environmental conditions;
• Ensuring the economic and environmental interests of society;
• Use of modern technologies for waste processing;
• Recycling materials to reduce the volume of residues and increase the production of raw materials.

The government is developing a special public policy, the main purpose of which is as follows:

• waste prevention;
• their export;
• maximum use of raw materials and raw materials;
• disposal;
• treatment;
• neutralization of materials.

The procedure for the removal and disposal of garbage in the Russian Federation

The procedure for the removal and disposal of garbage in the Russian Federation was created on the basis of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation "On approval of the Rules for the provision of services for the removal of
solid and liquid household waste ". Its main goal is to reduce waste. Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, whose activities reserve waste, are obliged to take the waste to waste sorting complexes. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities that bypass waste sorting facilities must remove and sort the materials themselves.

Waste is sorted by the following subject types:

• Waste paper;
• Rags;
• Plastics;
• Rubbish from polymers;
• Glass;
• Metal;
• Old car tires.

Such residues are handed over to waste recycling organizations.

During the processing of residues, specialized enterprises will receive:

• Energy;
• Items;
• Materials;
• Other recyclable raw materials.

The heads of such enterprises, after receiving materials as secondary raw materials:

• Recycle waste on their own;
• Conclude contracts with other companies that use recycled waste as a raw material;
• They enter into contracts with special companies that transport or sell materials under the guise of secondary raw materials.

Special state actors collect household and industrial waste. The collected materials are then transferred to recycling companies or specialized enterprises for other purposes.

The transfer and sale of materials to third parties must be properly formatted. The following documents will be required:

• Invoice;
• Agreement;
• Order;
• Other supporting documents.

Disposal of solid household waste

There are several ways to dispose of garbage:

• Recycling waste into secondary raw materials

One of the most productive and safest methods of disposal of residues. Everything is sorted according to the types described above. Then it is sent for processing to obtain a raw product.

• Waste incineration

Garbage is disposed of by heat treatment. This is a popular and one of the most economical disposal methods.

V modern society the following methods of incineration are used:

• Chamber;
• Layer;
• In a fluidized bed.

Heat treatment at minimum temperatures is the most hazardous incineration. The temperature should be around 850 degrees Celsius. Scientists have found that with such indicators, neutralization occurs poisonous substances that are released along with the smoke.

• Burial

Municipal solid waste can be disposed of in landfill. This is one of the oldest and cheapest methods. The essence of the method is to bury garbage in upper layer land. For this, special land areas are selected. (Study and find out what is the punishment for their misuse).

• Briquetting

Briquetting is one of modern ways garbage disposal. This method involves packing homogeneous residues into defined briquettes. This approach will reduce the amount of residual materials by about half. And preliminary sorting of household items will allow you to set aside some of the leftovers as raw materials for recycling.

Removal of construction waste according to the law

Export construction waste is not included in the list of services, which is regulated by the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. In other words, the Federal Law on Waste in the Russian Federation does not regulate the removal and disposal building materials... Waste collection services are provided by commercial companies that set their own prices. Residents of apartment buildings are required to take out oversized construction residues on their own. Or, conclude an appropriate agreement with a management company, the payment for the services of which will be included in the monthly receipts.

The waste collection and recycling system should be based on the principle of limiting the impact of waste on the environment as much as possible. To achieve this, the following priorities are important:

Minimizing environmental pollution from unauthorized landfills;

Creation of new high-tech landfill facilities and use of the existing landfill volume;

Gradual preparation of the population for separate collection waste;

Maximum use of valuable secondary resources;

Transparent data accounting as a basis for making decisions on tariffs, as well as other management decisions;

Improving the quality of life of the population.

For this, it is necessary to ensure regular and uninterrupted removal of all solid waste generated from the population and enterprises of the infrastructure to organized and safe places for processing and disposal.

The following subsystems can be considered as the main technical elements of the solid waste management system:

1) collection and intermediate storage of solid waste;

2) removal of solid waste;

3) processing of solid waste;

4) burial of non-utilized fractions.

1. Organization of a system for collecting solid household waste

Waste collection system accepted depends on distance settlement to the processing facility, the type of housing stock (high-rise or low-rise buildings), layout (the width of the driveways, the availability of areas for turning equipment, etc.), the adopted waste management strategy (the main technology is burial, selection of secondary raw materials or incineration), climatic conditions, the adopted collection technology (in one bucket, selective), the equipment used for the removal of waste, the presence of restrictions on the dimensions and weight of transport for the removal of waste.

The main options for implementing waste collection are:

Collection in small containers (up to 3 cubic meters);

Waste collection using garbage chutes;

Collecting using replaceable containers with / without pre-compaction in buried or above ground version;

Individual collection system using bags.

1.1. Collection of waste in small containers.

A modern and reliable container park that allows you to collect solid waste, along with waste collection equipment, is the basis for efficient collection and transportation of solid waste to the places of their further processing (reloading, sorting, disposal).

The number of containers should be determined based on the current situation and economic feasibility.

Basic requirements for containers:

The presence of covers to prevent the spread of bad odors, the scattering of waste by animals, the spread of infections, preservation of the resource potential of waste, to prevent waste watering;

Equipped with wheels, which allows you to roll out the container for emptying when taking out with garbage trucks with rear loading;

Strength, fire resistance, preservation of strength properties in a cold period of time;

Low adhesive properties (to prevent freezing and adhesion of waste).

The advantages of this scheme:

Possibility of using when introducing separate collection;

Ease of use for waste generators (it is possible to place waste on the site at any time);

Low enough unit costs for transportation (the route can be easily optimized).

A multi-vendor container yards scheme is suitable for collecting waste from infrastructure and improved housing. The use of this scheme in rural areas is impractical, since it is problematic to organize regular waste removal.

1.2. Waste collection using garbage chutes.

Waste collection using garbage chutes is carried out in houses with more than nine floors. In this case, waste accumulates in a specially designated room inside the house for a day or more, which leads to the spread of odors, the reproduction of insects and rodents, which are carriers of various diseases.

The main and only advantage of a waste collection system using garbage chutes is the convenience of garbage removal for the population.

The disadvantages of such a system include:

The impossibility of organizing selective collection;

The spread of insects, rodents, which are carriers of infections;

Inconvenience of service.

2. Organization of a system for the removal of solid household waste

Options for the MSW collection system: direct collection by collecting garbage trucks and two-stage collection with intermediate reloading at the station.

2.1. Direct removal using collection trucks.

Direct disposal of waste by collecting garbage trucks (with a body volume of 12 - 18 cubic meters) is applicable only if the distance to the disposal facility is no more than 15 - 17 km, otherwise their use becomes economically impractical.

Rear-loaded garbage trucks allow:

Serve containers of various configurations (from 0.1 to 2 cubic meters);

Minimize waste loading costs (lower container lifting height);

Provide more comfortable working conditions for workers serving special equipment;

Reduce the amount of spilled waste.

The selection of transport for the removal of waste is largely determined by the adopted collection system. In addition, when selecting equipment, you should consider:

Maximum permitted loads on the roadway;

Possibility of access and turning of equipment (width of streets, presence of turning platforms, bridges, tunnels, arches, etc.);

The quantity and quality of waste generated.

Waste removal from container sites is carried out by collecting garbage trucks. According to the method of loading solid waste from a container, collecting garbage trucks are divided into two groups: (1) rear loading garbage trucks; (2) side loading garbage trucks. To service the above-described container fleet for collecting solid waste using "eurocontainers" or containers of the type HMT (60 - 240 l), it is optimal to use garbage trucks with rear loading, for example, of the "rotopress" or "variopress" type.

Key benefits of rear loading technology:

The coefficient of compaction of garbage in garbage trucks with rear loading reaches 5, while in garbage trucks with side loading this coefficient does not exceed 1.5 - 2, therefore, with the same volume of the garbage collector, when using the corresponding chassis, the carrying capacity of the garbage truck increases by 2.5 - 3 times, which allows you to proportionally reduce the required fleet of special equipment;

Rear loading technology allows you to solve ecological problems by eliminating the spillage of garbage when loading the container, since loading is carried out within the dimensions of the garbage bin, and not through a small funnel on the roof of the garbage bin, as with side loading;

Working with the tipping mechanism on rear-loaded garbage trucks is much safer for the machine operator, since the container is lifted to a height of 1.5 - 1.8 m from the ground, and not 2.5 - 4 m, as with side loading;

When rear loading with solid household waste, the garbage truck can be loaded both manually and with a front loader, which is excluded during side loading.

2.2. Two-stage removal with intermediate transshipment at the station.

Two-stage removal with intermediate transshipment at the station is used with an export distance of more than 17 - 25 km.

Waste delivery to waste transfer stations is carried out by small collection trucks. Waste removal from the waste transfer station is carried out by garbage trucks with removable containers of 20-30 cubic meters. m in a compacted state.

When choosing heavy-duty garbage trucks, you should consider:

The curb weight of the vehicle (whether it exceeds the permissible road load);

Vehicle length, turning radius, height, width;

Noise level;

The level of environmental pollution (if there are special requirements);

The ability to work in the winter.

2.3. Waste transfer stations.

The construction of waste transfer stations allows:

Reduce the time spent on waste collection and removal;

Reduce operating costs for fuels and lubricants and repair of the garbage truck fleet;

Enlarge processing facilities;

Accumulate transport lots of secondary raw materials and compost fractions at the waste transfer station;

Perform primary waste treatment (pressing, baling).

All these advantages ultimately lead to a decrease in the costs of collecting and removing waste.

The common part of various options for single-level MPS schemes is the following technological process:

a) the collecting garbage truck unloads the solid waste onto the concreted area of ​​the receiving department of the Ministry of Railways;

b) at the site of the receiving department, manual selection of bulky waste and scrap metal is carried out;

c) the solid waste is unloaded by a forklift onto the buried part of the inclined receiving plate conveyor;

d) MSW is discharged from the inclined receiving conveyor either:

Into a transport heavy-duty (up to 25 t) garbage truck through a storage funnel by dosed supply of solid waste with a receiving conveyor (option 1);

In a press container, as well as in a buffer storage hopper with a volume of up to 30 cubic meters. m each with a stationary compactor and subsequent loading of the press container onto a heavy-duty vehicle equipped with a "multi-lift" mechanism, cable or chain device (option 2). The filling of the press container or buffer storage hopper is regulated by a reversible conveyor at the end of the receiving conveyor. Implementation of the MPS scheme according to option 2 is recommended when the station productivity is low and the distance to the landfill is small (about 5-10 km);

In a stationary baler for solid waste with automatic strapping of 4 - 5 rows of wire and subsequent loading of formed bales with a density of up to 1 t / cu. m using a loader with a side grip on a heavy-duty vehicle (option 3).

High-power plants are distinguished by the presence of a zone for temporary waste accumulation (for waste accumulation during peak hours, in the event of a breakdown and during scheduled equipment repair). The equipment, sent to the station, passes the control section, where the machine is weighed, subjected to radiation and visual control. Then the waste is sent to the unloading site.

3. Organization of sorting of solid household waste

At the first stage, bulky scrap metal and wood fractions are separated. Then the waste goes to the sorting conveyor line.

Then the waste in an open sieve is divided into two fractions (large and small). The sieve mesh size is determined and optimized during commissioning. Initially, the size of the sieve mesh is 20 mm.

Screened fines, the components of which have a size<40 мм, очищается от содержащихся в ней металлов с помощью надленточного магнитного сепаратора. Магнит устанавливается по направлению движения ленты на месте сброса конвейера, что позволяет извлечь все железомагнитные элементы из потока отходов. После этого поток материала поступает на полигон и используется в рамках рекультивационных мер.

Conveyor diagram of the sorting plant

Valuable materials such as paper, cardboard, films, bottles, beverage boxes, hard plastics, glass are selected. The sorted recyclable materials are dumped into the mines, after which they fall into the bunker located under the control area. When the hopper is full, the recyclable material is conveyed by a conveyor to the central baling press.

Here valuable substances are pressed into bags and sent to the bag warehouse, where they will be stored until the next stage of their processing.

The fractions remaining on the control site are cleaned from metals by a magnetic over-belt separator. Residues are taken to the landfill and compacted.

The material or product to be processed is transported with a continuous flow of material. Mechanical preparation of mixed waste produces dusty exhaust air. It is pulled at the source and output to an industrial filter built into this line. Dust is added to the residues sent to the landfill.

4. Recycling of solid household waste

The main options for industrial processing of solid household waste can be considered:

Mechanobiological processing technology;

Energy utilization technology;

Composting technology.

4.1. Mechanobiological processing of solid household waste.

Options for mechanobiological waste processing:

1. The process is designed to stabilize waste before further disposal in landfills. The technology is designed in such a way as to ensure the most complete decomposition of organic substances and the separation of combustible components. Supplemented with a percolation process, this technology allows, in a confined space with low emissions, to reduce the time to stabilize waste at a landfill. In addition, the technology makes it possible to obtain compost. Advantages of the technology: increasing the service life of the landfill, reducing the mass of disposed waste, reducing disposal costs, stabilizing waste, producing compost.

2. The process is aimed at the optimal use of the energy potential of waste. The technology is designed in such a way as to reduce the volume of landfilled waste and to homogenize it as much as possible. The fraction with a high calorific value can be used as a secondary solid fuel for industry or burned in power plants. Advantages: reduction of the volume of waste sent for disposal, reduction of disposal costs, increase in productivity, obtaining a homogeneous fuel for power plants.

3. The process is focused on the maximum reduction in the volume of landfilled waste. Both main effluents (high-energy and aerobic-stabilized fractions), after additional preparation (drying, grinding, etc.), can be processed by pyrolysis, gasification, combustion in cement kilns, etc.

4.1.1. Mechanical preparation of solid household waste.

After removing oversized components, the waste is crushed and mixed using special equipment.

Further, the waste is divided into two streams by means of a drum screen, while the size of the sieve holes is selected depending on the composition of the waste. Screening is a fine fraction rich in organic components. Coarse fraction - dry components with high energy potential. Both fractions pass through a magnetic separator to separate ferrous metals. Further, the fine fraction goes to biological processing (percolation), and the coarse one (cardboard, paper, textiles, etc.), depending on the adopted model, is sent for burial or energy utilization as solid secondary fuel either directly or after additional processing. If the screening is a poorly degradable or dry organic fraction, for which percolation is ineffective, it can be crushed or directly fed for further processing. This allows you to send industrial and some other waste directly to pressing. Mechanical processing is applied to a mixture of waste.

4.1.2. Biological processing of fines (percolation).

Percolation (aerobic hydrolysis) is the central process of mechanobiological waste processing and limits the overall performance of the technology. Percolator is a horizontal cylindrical continuous reactor with a hydraulically rotating central rod with scrapers located above the grate. The material is in the percolator for about two days at a temperature of 40 - 45 degrees. Air and heated water are supplied to the reactor, everything is mechanically mixed, the action of water and microorganisms promotes the transition of organic substances into the liquid phase.

The organic-rich liquid phase leaves the percolator through the openings in the sieve. The washed solids are fed through a screw feeder to a screw press for dewatering.

Water circulation. Dehydration of the solid fraction. The solid fraction leaves the percolator saturated with moisture and is dewatered in a screw press to a solid content of 55 - 60%. The squeezed water is returned to the cycle, the solid fraction is fed for further processing.

Removal of minerals and fibers. The process water from the percolator and screw press is very saturated with organic and suspended substances, as well as fibers. Heavy inert materials (sand, glass, stones, etc.) are removed from the process water by sedimentation (sedimentation).

Fibrous particles float and can be separated, but they can contain organic soluble substances, so they return to percolation. A sieve is used to separate and return fine fibrous particles. After the separation of fibers and suspended particles, the process water flows through the feeder for anaerobic digestion.

Anaerobic digestion. Process water is pumped into a digester, where organic matter is decomposed into biogas under the influence of anaerobic methanogenic microorganisms. The resulting biogas consists mainly of methane, carbon dioxide and trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide.

The digester is a self-contained horizontal cylindrical tank. The residence time of the process water in the reactor is sufficient for the decomposition of organic substances due to the fast flow of the process. Process water enters the reactor through the inlets so that a suspended bed is formed. Microorganisms are kept in the upper part of the reactor by means of a special layer. The input of ferric chloride with waste causes the formation of sulfur in the sludge, which is removed from the cycle.

Process water purification. The accumulation of nitrates and salts in the process water slows down the biodegradation processes, so it is periodically cleaned. Fine suspended solids are removed by ultrafiltration, the residue, enriched with decomposable organic matter, is returned to anaerobic digestion. Nitrogen is almost completely removed by blowing hot air.

Demineralization of process water is carried out using reverse osmosis, after which it can be returned to the technological cycle. Excess moisture is removed from the process after preliminary purification from nitrates and can be used to moisten the compost or flushed down the drain.

It is possible to carry out the process only due to its own moisture of waste and condensate of waste gases.

The use of biogas. In accordance with the composition of solid domestic waste, 50-60 cubic meters of waste is generated from each ton of waste. m of high-quality biogas, the combustion of which can produce about 140 kW of electricity and 170 kW of thermal energy, which is enough to provide energy for the percolation process. Even without additional waste processing, this energy is more than enough for technological needs: the energy produced can be used to heat buildings, prepare water and dry waste.

Solid fraction processing. The solid fraction leaving the percolator is crushed to a size of 30 - 50 mm and fed to composting.

The solid fraction obtained by screening waste has a high energy potential and can be used for energy production (as solid secondary fuel - RDF) or sent to landfill.

Gas cleaning. A sophisticated waste gas treatment system and equipment tightness help to minimize emissions. So, preliminary sorting of waste, biological processing and other processes associated with the release of foul-smelling gases are carried out under negative pressure. Percolation and purification of process water is carried out in sealed equipment. The release of gases from the treated waste is minimized due to biodegradation. Process gases from machining are supplied to aerate the compostable waste. To purify gases emitted into the atmosphere, biofilters or regenerable thermal oxidation devices are used.

The main characteristics of the plant for mechanobiological processing. The productivity of most plants for the mechanobiological processing of municipal solid waste is between 20,000 and 100,000 tons / year, some plants have a capacity of even more than 200,000 tons / year.

The time for biological processing of waste varies from 7 days to 15 weeks.

4.2. Energy waste disposal.

Mechanical sorting of solid waste and their crushing allow:

Select valuable raw materials for recycling;

Select the organic fraction of solid waste for its subsequent composting;

Select raw materials that pose an environmental hazard when incinerated;

To improve the thermal and environmental performance of raw materials intended for combustion.

Thanks to this preparation, the net calorific value of solid secondary fuel (RDF) reaches 9 MJ / kg, and in terms of ash, moisture, sulfur and nitrogen content, RDF characteristics will practically correspond to those of brown coal.

RDF can be used as a fuel for industrial purposes (for example, in cement kilns) and in existing power plants (TPPs, etc.) after it has been certified. However, specialized power plants are more suitable for burning RDF, since they provide the most suitable conditions.

4.2.1. Burning RDF in specialized installations

The technological scheme of the plant for processing the dry fraction of solid waste after the mechanical biological processing plant with a capacity of 80 thousand tons / year includes three technological lines with a fluidized bed furnace, boilers with a capacity of 22-25 tons / h, gas cleaning equipment and two turbines.

Composition of technological equipment and systems:

Combustion devices, each of which consists of a waste-heat boiler and a furnace equipped with a loading device, a mechanical grate, gas burners, a system for removing a dip, fly ash and a slag discharge system;

Stationary pipelines;

Air supply and heating system (blowing fans, steam and gas heaters);

Gas cleaning equipment system located behind the boiler;

Slag and ash removal system;

Bunkers for collection of solid residues and storage of reagents for gas cleaning and water treatment;

Power complex equipment, including two steam turbines with turbine generators;

System of chemical water treatment, corrective water treatment and chemical control;

Automated process control system (APCS);

Monitoring system for emissions of harmful substances from the chimney.

It should be noted that the emissions of dioxins and furans are below European standards (0.1 ng / m3) due to:

Optimization of solid waste combustion on the grate;

Increasing the height of the boiler furnace, which ensures the required two-second stay of the flue gases at a temperature above 850 ° C for the decomposition of dioxins into furans formed during the combustion of solid waste;

The introduction of activated carbon into the flue gases, which absorbs the re-formed dioxins.

For the neutralization and disposal of ash and slag waste, it is possible to use a technology that makes it possible to obtain building materials in the form of granules and concrete slabs.

All plant equipment, incineration processes and auxiliary systems are operated and controlled with minimal human involvement and contact with waste using a process control system.

4.2.2. Combustion of RDF in thermal power plants.

A significant increase in the efficiency of using RDF as a fuel for power generation and the achievement of specific indicators close to serially used TPPs can be achieved through partial replacement of energy fuel with household waste.

When burning natural gas at thermal power plants, it is advisable to use an RDF gasification unit with subsequent purification of the resulting gas and burning it in the furnaces of boilers operating on natural gas. All over the years, the steam power plant used at TPPs is preserved in its original form.

In other words, a combined (integral) layout of TPPs for burning fossil fuel and RDF is being developed. The share of RDF in terms of heat quantity can be approximately 10% of the heat output of the boiler. In this case, only due to increased steam parameters, increased power of boilers and turbines, the efficiency of MSW use will increase 2 - 3 times.

A significant economic effect can be obtained by reducing capital investments by using the existing infrastructure at TPPs and reducing the cost of gas cleaning equipment.

An analysis of the technical and economic indicators obtained with a partial 10% substitution of energy fuel on one of the standard units operating on natural gas shows that in this case the cost of natural gas used at TPPs can be fully covered by the "income" from the reception of solid waste ...

4.3. Composting technology.

Composting technology is used to utilize the biological fraction of waste to obtain compost used in agriculture.

Biological waste is generated in everyday life or during the maintenance of parks, green spaces, as well as in the economic and service sectors (market pavilions, cemeteries, gastronomic enterprises, hotels). Biological waste includes:

Waste of green biomass and wood from work in gardens and parks;

Waste from processing plants that are not intended for obtaining food products;

Organic waste generated during the production and processing of food;

Waste from wood processing and processing (bark, cork, straw).

The size of the planned composting facility is determined by the expected volume of waste, and seasonal fluctuations in the mass of waste during the year should also be taken into account (between May and October, usually 1.7 times more waste is received).

The general technological scheme of the composter complex is shown in Fig. 2.

Composting begins with receiving, evaluating and weighing the delivered material. If the waste cannot be composted, it is not accepted and sent to a landfill or for further processing.

The next stage is grinding using a drum-type installation. After crushing, the incoming biowaste undergoes three weeks of intensive heating in the tunnel. A logistics tunnel is used to transport material to the tunnel storage. An alternative delivery system is the use of a wheel loader.

After filling the control tunnel with material, the gate is closed and ventilation is switched on. For composting, fresh air from the workshops is brought into the ventilation duct of the tunnel through a pipe system and a tunnel fan. The exhaust air enters the chimney and is cleaned in a cleaning device with a built-in biofilter. All process parameters are recorded and analyzed in the complex control system.

After the first week of intensive running in the tunnel, the material is turned over with a wheel loader.

The time spent in the tunnel of intensive heating is 3 weeks. After this period, the material is transferred to an open place. Moving the material serves to loosen and level it. In addition, moisture can be added during movement so that moisture content is controlled. This favors the aging process and allows optimized management of the degradation of nutrients.

Upon completion of the above processes, the material is ground and sieved through a sieve. Coarse fractions are separated and sent as structural material for re-composting, while small particles are the final product of composting.